STEREO and the Solar STEREO and the Solar Dynamics ObservatoryDynamics Observatory

Aren’t they FABulous?Aren’t they FABulous?

What will they mean for SEC’s What will they mean for SEC’s customers?customers?

Douglas BieseckerNOAA/SEC

OutlineOutline

NASA STEREO MissionNASA STEREO Mission STEREO InstrumentsSTEREO Instruments

How do these translate into FAB?How do these translate into FAB? Obvious products for FAB?Obvious products for FAB?

NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory MissionMission

SDO InstrumentsSDO Instruments Obvious productsObvious products

What is STEREO?What is STEREO? A mission, with a pair of A mission, with a pair of

spacecraft in heliocentric spacecraft in heliocentric orbits, to study the Sun orbits, to study the Sun and heliosphere in more and heliosphere in more than 2 dimensions.than 2 dimensions.

Launch in Feb 2006Launch in Feb 2006 Nominal 2 year missionNominal 2 year mission

Remote sensing imaging Remote sensing imaging instrumentsinstruments Flares, CME’s, Coronal Flares, CME’s, Coronal

Holes…Holes… In-situ instrumentsIn-situ instruments

Solar Wind, Magnetic Solar Wind, Magnetic Field, SEP’sField, SEP’s

STEREO OrbitsSTEREO Orbits STEREO-A leads EarthSTEREO-A leads Earth

AheadAhead STEREO-B lags EarthSTEREO-B lags Earth

BehindBehind Each move 22.5°/yrEach move 22.5°/yr

STEREO First 2 Years

22.5°

STEREO will see more of the SunSTEREO will see more of the Sun

Behind 2 yrs Ahead 2 yrs

So What? Big Deal.

If that’s all it did, then there’d be no point to it.

Operating at Solar Cycle MinimumOperating at Solar Cycle Minimum

2010 2012

STEREO

The PLASTIC SuiteThe PLASTIC SuiteUniversity of New HampshireUniversity of New Hampshire

Density

Speed

Temperature

Think: ACE/SWEPAM

Measures of the solar wind, including Measures of the solar wind, including proton density, velocity and kinetic proton density, velocity and kinetic temperature.temperature.

Coronal Hole/High Speed StreamCoronal Hole/High Speed Stream

Enhanced electronsEnhanced electrons Minor/Moderate Minor/Moderate

geomagnetic stormsgeomagnetic storms

Who caresWho cares Satellite operatorsSatellite operators AirlinesAirlines Electric Power ProvidersElectric Power Providers

1 year into mission1 year into mission ~1.5 days lead time~1.5 days lead time What we see at Earth What STEREO-B sees

The IMPACT SuiteThe IMPACT SuiteUniversity of California BerkeleyUniversity of California Berkeley

Solar Energetic Particle Experiment (SEP)Solar Energetic Particle Experiment (SEP) ee-- : 0.02-6 MeV; protons: 0.02-100 MeV; : 0.02-6 MeV; protons: 0.02-100 MeV; Helium ions: 0.03-100 MeV/nuc.Helium ions: 0.03-100 MeV/nuc. Heavier ions: 0.03-40 MeV/nuc.Heavier ions: 0.03-40 MeV/nuc.

Magnetometer (MAG) - Magnetometer (MAG) - Vector magnetic Vector magnetic fieldfield

Think ACE/EPAM Think ACE/EPAM and ACE/MAGand ACE/MAG

BT

Bz

electrons

protons

SEP eventsSEP events Event profile depends on Event profile depends on

observer position relative to observer position relative to event sourceevent source Radiation StormRadiation Storm

Who cares:Who cares: Launch providersLaunch providers Satellite operatorsSatellite operators AstronautsAstronauts Airline pilots/stewardsAirline pilots/stewards

STEREO LAGGING EARTH STEREO LEADINGW90 W17 E42

SWAVESSWAVESParis ObservatoryParis Observatory

Type II Radio BurstsType II Radio Bursts Detect CME’sDetect CME’s Determine velocity of CME’s – all the Determine velocity of CME’s – all the

way from Sun to Earthway from Sun to Earth

Think Learmonth, Culgoora etc…

SECCHISECCHINaval Research LaboratoryNaval Research Laboratory

Suite of imaging telescopesSuite of imaging telescopes EUVI (4 channels: 171, 195, 284, 304)EUVI (4 channels: 171, 195, 284, 304) COR1 and COR2 (1.25-15 RCOR1 and COR2 (1.25-15 Rsunsun)) HI-1 and HI-2 – Heliospheric imagersHI-1 and HI-2 – Heliospheric imagers

Imaging of flares, coronal holes, coronal mass Imaging of flares, coronal holes, coronal mass ejectionsejections

Think SOHO/EITAnd SOHO/LASCO

CME’sCME’s Tracking CME’s from Sun to EarthTracking CME’s from Sun to Earth

Severe geomagnetic storms - still missing BSevere geomagnetic storms - still missing Bzz

Who cares:Who cares: Pretty much everyone?Pretty much everyone?

STEREO BEACONSTEREO BEACON

Real-time data (633 bps) – Real-time data (633 bps) – continuouscontinuous Pending NOAA/SEC organizing Pending NOAA/SEC organizing

international effort to receive datainternational effort to receive data Particle instruments sending down 1 Particle instruments sending down 1

and 5 minute subsets of their dataand 5 minute subsets of their data Low resolution, low cadence imageryLow resolution, low cadence imagery

Useful for forecastingUseful for forecasting

STEREO Science CenterSTEREO Science Centerhttp://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.govhttp://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov

STEREO mission will be providing beacon STEREO mission will be providing beacon data to the public at the same time NOAA data to the public at the same time NOAA SEC has access to itSEC has access to it

Real-time data displaysReal-time data displays ImagesImages MoviesMovies Satellite locationSatellite location ……

Will be the provider of the full resolution, Will be the provider of the full resolution, full cadence ‘science’ data.full cadence ‘science’ data.

The Challenge of STEREOThe Challenge of STEREO

How do we get STEREO data to the How do we get STEREO data to the forecasters without overwhelming themforecasters without overwhelming them Automated algorithms for event detectionAutomated algorithms for event detection Integrated display toolsIntegrated display tools Models which give the 3-d pictureModels which give the 3-d picture

Otherwise, we’re just looking at lots Otherwise, we’re just looking at lots more data that is just 2-d from a more data that is just 2-d from a different angledifferent angle

Solar Dynamics ObservatorySolar Dynamics Observatory The first observatory The first observatory

in NASA’s Living With in NASA’s Living With a Star Programa Star Program

Launch April 2008Launch April 2008 Geosynchronous orbitGeosynchronous orbit 5 year mission5 year mission

Helioseismology, Solar Helioseismology, Solar EUV imagery, and EUV EUV imagery, and EUV SpectraSpectra No CoronagraphNo Coronagraph

Very high spatial Very high spatial resolution at a very resolution at a very high cadencehigh cadence 150 megabits/second150 megabits/second

Solar EUV imagesSolar EUV images 1” resolution1” resolution <10 sec cadence<10 sec cadence Observe in many more spectral lines than Observe in many more spectral lines than

previous imagers (EIT, TRACE)previous imagers (EIT, TRACE)

ChannelVisible1700Å

304Å

1600Å

171Å

193Å

211Å

335Å

94Å

131Å

††

--

12.7

-4.7

6.0

7.0

16.5

0.9

4.4

Ion(s)ContinuumContinuum

He II

C IV+cont.

Fe IX

Fe XII, XXIV

Fe XIV

Fe XVI

Fe XVIII

Fe XX, XXIII

Region of Atmosphere*PhotosphereTemperature minimum, photosphere

Chromosphere, transition region,

Transition region + upper photosphere

Quiet corona, upper transition region

Corona and hot flare plasma

Active-region corona

Active-region corona

Flaring regions

Flaring regions

Char. log(T)3.73.7

4.7

5.0

5.8

6.1, 7.3

6.3

6.4

6.8

7.0, 7.2

AIA wavelength bands

*Absorption allows imaging of chromospheric material within the corona; ††FWHM, in Å

Fe XVIII94 Å

Fe XX/XXIII133 Å

1600Å? Fe IX/X 171 Å

Fe XII 195 Å

Fe XIV 211 Å

C IV 1550 Å He II 304 Å

Fe XVI 335 Å

Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)Lockheed MartinLockheed Martin

TransientsTransients sources of radiation sources of radiation

and energetic particlesand energetic particles Particularly early Particularly early

(initiation) phase(initiation) phase Connections to Connections to

geospacegeospace material and magnetic material and magnetic

field output of the Sunfield output of the Sun Coronal Coronal

seismologyseismology a diagnostic of a diagnostic of

coronal physics and coronal physics and potentially CME’s.potentially CME’s.

AIA ScienceAIA Science

Extreme UV Variability Experiment (EVE)Extreme UV Variability Experiment (EVE)University of ColoradoUniversity of Colorado

MEGS - Multiple EUV MEGS - Multiple EUV Grating SpectrographGrating Spectrograph 5-105 nm spectral 5-105 nm spectral

irradianceirradiance 0.1 nm spectral 0.1 nm spectral

resolutionresolution 10-second cadence10-second cadence

ESP - Euv ESP - Euv Spectrophotometer: Spectrophotometer: transmission grating transmission grating spectrograph that spectrograph that measures 0.1-7 nm, 17-measures 0.1-7 nm, 17-34 nm, and 58-63 nm 34 nm, and 58-63 nm ¼ second cadence¼ second cadence similar to SOHO SEM similar to SOHO SEM

instrument. instrument.

Solar EUV Irradiance Spectrum

EVE ScienceEVE Science

Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI)(HMI)

StanfordStanford Global HelioseismologyGlobal Helioseismology

Diagnostics of global changes inside the Sun. Diagnostics of global changes inside the Sun. Local HelioseismologyLocal Helioseismology

3D imaging of the solar interior. 3D imaging of the solar interior. MagnetographyMagnetography

Complete coverage of magnetic processes in the photosphere. Complete coverage of magnetic processes in the photosphere. The vector magnetic field The vector magnetic field Continuum IntensityContinuum Intensity

Identification of irradiance sources. Identification of irradiance sources.

D. Sunspots and plage contribute to solar irradiance variation.

F. Synoptic map of the subsurface flows at a depth of 7 Mm.

H. Active regions on the far side of the sun detected with helioseismology.

J. Sound speed variations and flows in an emerging active region.

B – Rotation VariationsC – Global Circulation

D – Irradiance Sources

H – Far-side Imaging

F – Solar Subsurface Weather

E – Coronal Magnetic Field

I – Magnetic Connectivity

J – Subsurface flows

G – Magnetic Fields

A – Interior Structure

Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI)Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI)StanfordStanford

SummarySummary

Real-time data will be flowing from STEREO Real-time data will be flowing from STEREO in one year.in one year. The data will be used to provide improved The data will be used to provide improved

forecastsforecasts Though only ‘temporarily’Though only ‘temporarily’

A few years down the road, we’ll have SDO.A few years down the road, we’ll have SDO. More data for forecastersMore data for forecasters

We’re really looking forward to the We’re really looking forward to the scientific advances that will come out of scientific advances that will come out of these missions.these missions.