Lars KirchnerLinde EngineeringPullach, May 2009

CCT 2009 PresentationStepwise Extension of a Gas Cleanup for IGCC Application

Linde AG Engineering Division 2

CO2-Concentration in the atmosphere since the industrialisation

Linde AG Engineering Division 3

Power Generation and CO2 Sequestration – Post Combustion Capture(Linde’s involvement)

Power Plant Scenarios with CO2 Sequestration— Post Combustion Capture

— Oxyfuel Technology

— Precombustion Capture and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

CO2 Rich Flue Gas

Virtually CO2 Free Flue GasCO2 to Sequestration

— Relatively minor modifications to conventional technology.

— Linde is involved in extensive R&D work.

Air

Feedstock

SteamCombustion&

Steam Generation

Power Generation&

Heat Recovery

Scrubbing System

Linde Portfolio

Linde AG Engineering Division 4

Power Generation and CO2 Sequestration – Oxyfuel, Technology(Linde’s involvement)

CO2 Rich Flue Gas

Virtually CO2 Free Flue GasCO2 to Sequestration

— Relatively minor modifications to conventional technology.

— Linde is involved in extensive R&D work.

Air

Feedstock

SteamCombustion&

Steam Generation

Power Generation&

Heat Recovery

Scrubbing System

N2 Free Flue Gas

CO2 to Sequestration

— Linde supplies ASU and CO2 liquefaction unit to Vattenfall’s Oxyfuel power plant

— Technology partnership within EU-sponsored program for CO2 sequestration (ENCAP)

Oxygen

Feedstock

SteamCombustion&

Steam Generation

Power Generation&

Heat Recovery

H2O Condensation

CO2 Liquefaction

CO2 Recycle

Air Separation Unit

Power Plant Scenarios with CO2 Sequestration— Post Combustion Decarbonisation

— Oxyfuel Technology

— Precombustion Capture and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Linde

Portfolio

Linde AG Engineering Division 5

Power Generation and CO2 Sequestration – Precombustion Capture

N2 Free Flue Gas

CO2 to Sequestration

— Linde supplies ASU and CO2 liquefaction unit to Vattenfall’s Oxyfuel power plant

— Technology partnership within EU-sponsored program for CO2 sequestration (ENCAP)

Oxygen

Feedstock

SteamCombustion&

Steam Generation

Power Generation&

Heat Recovery

H2O Condensation

C2O Liquefaction

CO2 Recycle

Air Separation Unit

Raw Synthesis Gas

CO2 to Sequestration

— Linde provides all technologies within gasification island & syngas conditioning

— Linde is involved in various IGCC projects including CO2 sequestration

Oxygen

FeedstockGasification

Power Generation&

Heat Recovery

Shift C02 RecoveryAir Separation Unit

Conditioned Synthesis Gas

Power Plant Scenarios with CO2 Sequestration— Post Combustion Decarbonisation

— Oxyfuel Technology

— Precombustion Capture and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Linde

Portfolio

Linde AG Engineering Division 6

Block Flow Diagram Syngas Generation for IGCC Plant

Sulfur

AirSeparation

AirSeparation

GasificationGasification HeatRecovery

HeatRecovery

Sulphur & CO2Removal

SulphurRecoverySulphur

Recovery

HPOxygen

Syngas

Super-heaterSuper-heater

Air

Slag

Coal/Coke

COShift

Tail Gas

Superheated Steam

Steam

Steam

Steam

Nitrogen

CO2Compression

to Sequestration

Compressor

Linde AG Engineering Division 7

General Information about the Rectisol® Process

Linde’s Rectisol® Wash ProcessLinde’s Rectisol® Wash Unit in Jilin, China

Linde AG Engineering Division 8

Linde’s Rectisol® Installations

50 References worldwide21 New contracts since 2003

Linde AG Engineering Division 9

What is Rectisol®?

→ Rectisol® was developed jointly by Linde and Lurgi in the late 50th

and has been improved ever since

→ Rectisol® is a physical wash process where acid gas compounds

are dissolved in methanol

→ Linde owns and operates 3 plants (Singapore and

the United States)

→ Each Rectisol® Wash Unit is individually designed according to customer’s

needs and requirements

→ Handling always requires site specific adaptation

Methanol Molecule

Characteristics of Rectisol®

Linde AG Engineering Division 10

Trace Component Handling in Rectisol®

Main Components in the Feedgas→ H2→ CO

Acid Components in the Feedgas

→ CO2→ H2S→ COS

Impurities in the Feedgas

→ HCN→ NH3→ Metal Carbonyls

→ H2O

⇒ Shall remain in the Feedgas

⇒ To be removed within the Process

⇒ Can be handled safelyby Rectisol®

Linde AG Engineering Division 11

Rectisol® provides a selective removal of CO2 and H2S

Selective Removal of the Acid Gases within a 1-Stage ProcessAbsorption CO2 Production Regeneration Miscellaneous100% CO2

(high pressure)

0 - 10 % CO2

40 - 60 % CO22.5 - 3.5 bar(a)

30 - 50 % CO21.0 - 2.0 bar(a)

~2-3% CO2

Distribution of the CO2

Linde AG Engineering Division 12

≥ 98.5 mol%

Suitable forSRU/Claus

< 1 vppm

1.5– 3.0 bar(a)

< 1 vppm

250 – 300 vppm

1.7 – 3.3 bar(a)

2 – 10 mg/Nm³

Purified Gas CO2-Product H2S-Fraction

CO2

H2S + COS

H2O

Methanol

Pressure

< 5 vppmup to 5 mol%

< 0.1 vppm

< 0.1 vppm

15 – 30 vppm

Δp ~ 2 bar

Typical Product Qualities

Linde’s Rectisol® Wash ProcessHighest Product Quality can be Guaranteed

Linde AG Engineering Division 13

→ Process and apparatus to achieve high H2S enrichment→ Process and apparatus to handle carbonyl loaded methanol→ Process and apparatus to increase of the CO2 product recovery→ Process and apparatus for usage of a semi-lean Solvent for 1-stage selective

CO2 Removal→ Apparatus to reduce the column height

Despite Rectisol® is already a mature and proven process, Linde is still improving itThe most recently filed patents are:

Linde’s Technology Improvements of the Rectisol® Process

Linde had more than 20 Rectisol® projects in the last three years and higher product purity requirements combined with lower quality feeds drove theinnovation process

Linde AG Engineering Division 14

→ CO2 sequestration has to be planned for, but can not be realised in the first period of operation due to

→ unclear value of sequestrated CO2→ incomplete pipeline infrastructure for sequestration→ currently unavailability of suitable gas turbines for high H2 containing fuel

→ Capital investment for the CO2 capture must not be spent from day one→ Investment for the sulphur elimination must be sustainable→ Safe and reliable elimination of any trace component required→ Lowest possible operation costs are required in sulphur removal phase and

later in CO2 sequestration phase

Situation in IGCC can be:

Requirements for AGR System in IGCC and addressing these with Rectisol® Technology

Linde AG Engineering Division 15

Linde’s Rectisol® Wash ProcessRecent Technology Improvements within the Rectisol®Process

Waste W

ater

H2S

Fra

ct.

1

Pur

if.G

as

Feed

Gas

H2S

Fra

ctio

n2

Linde AG Engineering Division 16

Linde’s Rectisol® Wash ProcessRecent Technology Improvements within the Rectisol®Process

steam

C.W.

Refr.

(1)

LINDE AG Process Engineering and Contracting Division

Simplified PFD Job No.Code

Issue Date Drawn Checked

Rectisol Wash Unit

02

(7)1

Case 1 1 open

2 openCase 2

1

2

2

2

21

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(8)

(11)

RecycleFeedgas

2

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

1

21

2

2

(3)

(12)

(13)

(15)

(14)

RefrigerationUnit

RefrigerationUnit

Linde AG Engineering Division 17

Advantages of stepwise extension of Rectisol® Plant in IGCC applications

Utility Consumptions

100%130%Methanol Losses

100%45%Regeneration Heat Duty

100%53%Electrical Power Pumps

100%44%Cooling Duty

100%51%Refrigeration Duty

Low CO content(e.g. 2%)

High CO content(e.g. 44%)

Feedgas to Rectisol

2nd Step

With CO2 removal

1st Step

W/O CO2 removal

Criteria

Linde AG Engineering Division 18

Advantages of stepwise extension of Rectisol® Plant in IGCC applications

Invest Cost Comparison

100%70%Construction Cost

100%75%Total installed Cost

100%70%Bulk Material Cost

100%76%Equipment Cost

2nd Step

With CO2 removal

1st Step

W/O CO2 removal

Criteria

Linde AG Engineering Division 19

Thank you for your attention

Chinese stamp showing Rectisol® and Nitrogen Wash Unit in Urumuqi