"STEPPING STONES ON THE PATH TO

INTERPLANETARY INTERNETWORKING”

IND Staff MeetingIND Staff Meeting24 June 200324 June 2003Adrian J. HookeAdrian J. Hooke

OUTLINEOUTLINE

• Where we’ve come from: CCSDS space links

• Where we are now:– Delay Intolerant Networking (the IP suite)– The first Delay Tolerant Application (CFDP)

• Where we are going:– Delay Tolerant Networking (Bundles)

• MTO possibilities

CCSDS Recommendation for Advanced Orbiting Systems

Baselined by Space

Station and Ground Network

1970 1980 1990 2000

International Space StationExtension ofStandards forMore ComplexSpace Missions

}Extension of the

Terrestrial Internetinto Space

NASA Telemetry Standardization

NASA/ESAWorking Group

“Packet” Spacecraft Telemetry and Telecommand

NASA/DOD/CCSDS Space Communications Protocol Standards (CCSDS-SCPS) Project

TheDarkAge

OfGOSIP

File Transfer: FTAM

Transport: TP4

Network: ISO 8473

File Transfer: FTP

Transport: TCP

Network: IP

02 January, 1996STRV-1b IP address:192.48.114.156Basic Space/Ground

CommunicationsStandards forSpace Missions

} Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

The new CCSDS organization

International Space Data Standardization Thrusts

Cross SupportServices

SpacecraftOnboardInterfaceServices

SpaceInternetworking

Services

SpaceLink

Services

Mission Operationsand Information

Management Services Commodity Communications &

Navigation Systems

256 Missions now usingCCSDS Space Link Protocolshttp://www.ccsds.org/CCSDS/missions.jsp

Current CCSDS Protocol ScenarioSurfaceDeep Space BackboneEarth

Orbiter

Free Flyer

CCSDS Packet

CCSDS Proximity Linkand Coding

CCSDS UHF;local wired/

wireless

CCSDSUHF

CCSDSS, X, Ka Band

LocalTerrestrial

Wired

LocalTerrestrial

Link

IP

IPSEC

TCP, UDP

CCSDS Space LinkExtension (SLE)

CCSDS Long-haul Link

CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding

OUTLINEOUTLINE

• Where we’ve come from: CCSDS space links

• Where we are now:– Delay Intolerant Networking (the IP suite)– The first Delay Tolerant Application (CFDP)

• Where we are going:– Delay Tolerant Networking (Bundles)

• MTO possibilities

Current CCSDS Space Internet Protocol Stack

1Physical

2Link

3Network

4Transport

7ApplicationServices

SpaceApplications

Modulation

Proximity 1 SpaceData Link Protocol

IPSecSCPS-SP Security Protocol

FTP,SCPS-FP

TCP/UDPSCPS-TP

CFDP

Radio Frequency

bTM Space DataLink Protocol

Reed-SolomonCoding BCH CodingConvolutional

CodingTurbo

CodingTLM Frame

Sync.CLTU and

PLOPs

OnboardPHY

SCPS-NP SpaceNetwork Protocol

Internet Protocol(IPv4, IPv6)

On-boardLLC

On-board

converg-ence

Lossless DataCompression

Applications: Spacecraft Instruments and Subsystems

Space DataLink SecurityMechanisms

COP 1TC Space DataLink Protocol

AOS Space DataLink Protocol

Space PacketProtocol

TimeConstrainedApplications

LinkARQ

LinkARQ

Delay IntolerantNetworking

NetworkIP

NetworkIP

Phys 1

Link 1 Link 1

Phys 1 Phys 2

Link 2

The Internet: a Network of Connected Sub-Networks

Phys 2

Link 2

Phys 3

Link 3

App

App

App App

App

App

NetworkIP

TransportTCP

NetworkIP

TransportTCP

Phys 3

Link 3

Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3

Internet-in-Space Architectural Alternatives:1. End-to-End Operation

An Internet An Internet

An Internet

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ESES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ESES

ES = End System

ES

Distinguishing features• End-to-end protocol operation at IP

and above (Application and Transport connections run end-to-end)

• Each transport (TCP) endpoint must be tuned to maximize performance and utilization over satellite link

Internet-in-Space Architectural Alternatives:2. Proxy-Based Operation

An Internet An Internet

An Internet

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ESES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES

ESES

ESES

GW“ProxySpace”

ES = End SystemGW = Transport Layer Gateway (Proxy)

GW

Distinguishing features• Dual-gateway (proxy) configuration• End System transport connections do not cross

the satellite/wireless link so End Systems do not have to be satellite/wireless aware (e.g., can be unmodified COTS, simplifying deployment)

• Security above transport or via trusted gateways

Current CCSDS Space Internet Protocol Options

SCPSSCPS--NPNP IPIP

Space Link Subnet: CCSDS Data LinkSpace Link Subnet: CCSDS Data Link

SCPSSCPS--SPSP

Other AppsOther Apps

IPSecIPSec

UDPUDPTCPTCPSC

PSSC

PS-- F

PFPTCP

OptionsTCPTCP

OptionsOptions

FTPFTPFTPFeatures

FTPFTPFeaturesFeaturesSpace extensions

to the Socket Interface

Common Network-Layer Interface

SCPS-TP “TCP Tranquility”options

Congestion control appropriate formixed-loss environments (congestion, corruption, outage);Selective negative acknowledgment;Robust header compression;Partial Reliability service (BETS);Delimitation of record boundaries;RFC 1323: Window scaling, timestamps, sequence number extension

Authentication: guarantee of the identity of a source;Access Control: prevention of unauthorized access;Integrity: protection against modification;Confidentiality: protection from disclosure.

Provides both connectionless and managed-connection routing;Supports precedence (priority) based handling;Offer multiple routing options;Signals errors to the layer above;Supports packet lifetime control;Scalable - tailor capability to need, e.g., highcommunications efficiency in constrainedbandwidth conditions.

File & record Integrity;Record read & record update;

Automatic restart;User suspend/resume;Suppress ASCII reply codes.

The CCSDS protocol suite supports either “native” or “space enhanced” Internet services,at the discretion of the Project organization

Space-optimizedIP variant

Space-optimizedIPSec variant

Space extensions to FTP

SCPS RI Distribution by Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Calendar Year

Copi

es

SCPS Reference Software

DISA Teleport System

SCPS RI Distribution by Sector

Government20%

Academia15%

Industry65%

Security

Link Bandwidth Allocation

MobileIP

ResourceReservation

Link Bandwidth Allocation:Develop new techniques, specifications and prototype software for rapid, adaptiveand automated reconfiguration of space/ground and space/space data link transmission capacity

Resource ReservationDevelop techniques and prototype softwarefor spacecraft-to-PI communications byenabling end-to-end resource reservationacross multiple providers

IP Mobility for Spacecraft: Show viability of Spacecraft-to-PI Mobile IP and develop "proxy registration" capabilityin ground stations

Security:Standardize space community cryptographic key exchange and key management and enhance the SCPS gateways to providea robust end-to-end security capability using both IPSec and SCPS-SP

New CCSDS “Experimental” Track: Next Generation Space Internet (NGSI)

(including Security, MobileIP, RSVP)

NGSI Protocol Extensions

SCPSSCPS--NPNP

LinkLink

SCPSSCPS--SPSP

Other AppsOther Apps

IPSecIPSec

UDPUDPTCPTCP

SCPS

SCPS

-- FPFP

TCPOptions

TCPTCPOptionsOptions

FTPFTPFTPFeatures

FTPFTPFeaturesFeatures

Bandwidth ManagementBandwidth Management

MobileIPMobileIPHA/FA: encapsulationand decapsulation

Signaling between Security Gateways

Signaling between Home/Foreign Agents

End-to-End Signaling (Router Actions)

IPIP

Support for Requirements Signaling

Key Mgmt.Key Mgmt. MobileIPMobileIP BW Mgmt.BW Mgmt.

PrincipalInvestigator

Ground Station(Foreign Agent)

PrincipalInvestigator

Data delivery begins at time t+n

Registration Exchangesbegin at time t

Data delivery begins at time t

Home AgentHome Agent

Protocol Overhead

Data Delivery

Tunnel

Open MobileIP Extensions for Space

Ground Station(Foreign Agent)

“Standard” MobileIP MobileIP with open NGSI Extensions

Next Generation Space Internet Protocol Stack

1Physical

2Link

3Network

4Transport

7ApplicationServices

SpaceApplications

Modulation

Proximity 1 SpaceData Link Protocol

IPSecSCPS-SP Security Protocol

FTP,SCPS-FP

TCP/UDPSCPS-TP

CFDP

Radio Frequency

bTM Space DataLink Protocol

Reed-SolomonCoding BCH CodingConvolutional

CodingTurbo

CodingTLM Frame

Sync.CLTU and

PLOPs

OnboardPHY

SCPS-NP SpaceNetwork Protocol

Internet Protocol(IPv4, IPv6)

On-boardLLC

On-board

converg-ence

Lossless DataCompression

Applications: Spacecraft Instruments and Subsystems

Space DataLink SecurityMechanisms

COP 1TC Space DataLink Protocol

AOS Space DataLink Protocol

Space PacketProtocol

TimeConstrainedApplications

LinkARQ

LinkARQ

MobileIP

KeyMgmtRSVP

LinkMgmt

NGSI

Current CCSDS Space Internet Protocol Stack

1Physical

2Link

3Network

4Transport

7ApplicationServices

SpaceApplications

Modulation

Proximity 1 SpaceData Link Protocol

IPSecSCPS-SP Security Protocol

FTP,SCPS-FP

TCP/UDPSCPS-TP

CFDP

Radio Frequency

bTM Space DataLink Protocol

Reed-SolomonCoding BCH CodingConvolutional

CodingTurbo

CodingTLM Frame

Sync.CLTU and

PLOPs

OnboardPHY

SCPS-NP SpaceNetwork Protocol

Internet Protocol(IPv4, IPv6)

On-boardLLC

On-board

converg-ence

Lossless DataCompression

Applications: Spacecraft Instruments and Subsystems

Space DataLink SecurityMechanisms

COP 1TC Space DataLink Protocol

AOS Space DataLink Protocol

Space PacketProtocol MobileIP

KeyMgmtRSVP

LinkMgmt

TimeConstrainedApplications

LinkARQ

LinkARQ

Delay TolerantApplications

CFDP Operations Scenarios

2. point-to-point,acknowledged

Build 1 CFDP

1. point-to-point, unacknowledged 3. multi-hop, in series

Build 2 CFDP

Frame/CLTU

Service

GroundStation

Frame/CLTU

Service

GroundStation

CFDP Service

Packet Service

X

Network

Control

Center

CFDP Service

Packet Service

Frame Service

XRover

LanderCFDP

ServiceService

ServicePacket

Frame

X

CFDP Ser

vice

Packe

t Ser

vice

Fram

e Ser

vice

Orbite

rX

Frame Service

OrbiterX

CFDP Service

Packet Service

4. multi-hop, in parallel - without cross-links

Build 3 CFDP

Currently indeployment (AlSat1,DI, JWST, MRO, etc)

CCSDS Space Link

(no routing orcustody transfer)

CFDP File operations

CFDP point-to-point reliability(PDU ack & retransmit)

APPLICATION

Core Procedures

UT layer

Userapplication

CFDP Build 1 CFDP Build 1 –– Blue Book 1 Blue Book 1 -- Spring 2002Spring 2002

It supports:• the user applicationAnd consists of:• file handling mechanisms

+

• point-to-point reliability mechanisms

It draws upon:• underlying space link unit

data transfer services

CCSDS File Delivery Protocol is an internationally standardized mechanism to deliver files of space mission data end-to-end through a space network via a series of store-and-forward hops, using custody transfer techniquesCFDP “Build 1” provides non-routed, non-custodial delivery through a single hop.

CFDP Build 2 – Blue Book 2 - Autumn 2002Supports Scenario 3 (multi-hop, serial transfer) using either - or both - of two mechanisms:

SFO routing & custody transfer

CCSDS Space Link

(no routing orcustody transfer)

CFDP File operations

CFDP point-to-point reliability(PDU ack & retransmit)

APPLICATION

• A Store-and-Forward Overlay (SFO) that uses unmodified Build 1 and is not part of CFDP. This application code provides multi-hop routing and custody transfer services

CCSDS Space Link

CFDP File operations

CFDP point-to-point reliability(PDU ack & retransmit)

APPLICATION

CFDPExtended Procedures:

routing & custody transfer

(SFO routing & custody transfer)

• Additional “Extended Procedures” that are part of CFDP and which provide multi-hop routing and custody transfer services. These can optionally also be augmented by the SFO for added flexibility

BlueBook 2

additions

CCSDS Space Link

CFDP File operations

CFDP point-to-point reliability(PDU ack & retransmit)

CFDP Extended Procedures:routing & custody transfer

request 1request 2indication 1indication 2

transmitted dataproduct 1

segmentation reconstitution(SFO routing & custody transfer)

received data product 1

User ApplicationUser Application

Data Product Manager(DPM) Overlay

As an interim measure to support “Mars Network” operations, Scenario 4 (multi-hop, parallel transfer) can also be supported by an additional “Data Product Manager” application overlay. The DPM segments user products into pieces that are small enough to transfer as independent CFDP files during a single contact, and passes state to the receiving end to enable their reconstitution.

“CFDP-Era” (2005+) CCSDS Protocol Scenario

CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)

SurfaceDeep Space BackboneEarthOrbiterFree Flyer

Constellation

CCSDS Packet

CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)

CCSDS Proximity Linkand Coding

CCSDS UHF;local wired/

wireless

CCSDSUHF

CCSDSS, X, Ka Band

LocalTerrestrial

Wired

LocalTerrestrial

Link

IP

IPSEC

TCP, UDP

CCSDS Space LinkExtension (SLE)

CCSDS Long-haul Link

CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding

CCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFOCCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFO CCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFOCCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFO

CCSDS Link +Physical Security

IP, CCSDS NP

(TCP, UDP)

CCSDS NP

There’s a lot of hair starting to grow in the Application layer………

CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)

CCSDS Packet

CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)

CCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFOCCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFO CCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFOCCSDS DataProduct Manager

SFO

Segmentation and Reassembly

Custody Transfer File Manipulation

End-to-End Reliability

End-to-End Routing