Stephen Taylori-Biologynet

Photo credit Firefly with glow by Terry Priest on Flickr (Creative Commons)httpflickrph1KAJ

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculesfirefly

351

bull Compare the structure of RNA and DNA ndash (with respect to the type of sugar the bases and

the number of strands)

352

bull Outline DNA transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complimentary to the DNA strand by RNA polymerase

Transcription animationhttpwwwstolafedupeoplegianniniflashanimatmolgeneticstranscriptionswf

Translation animationhttpwwwstolafedupeoplegianniniflashanimatmolgeneticstranslationswf

352

bull Outline DNA transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complimentary to the DNA strand by RNA polymerase

Transcription animationhttpwwwstolafedupeoplegianniniflashanimatmolgeneticstranscriptionswf

Translation animationhttpwwwstolafedupeoplegianniniflashanimatmolgeneticstranslationswf

Transcription animationhttpwwwstolafedupeoplegianniniflashanimatmolgeneticstranscriptionswf

Translation animationhttpwwwstolafedupeoplegianniniflashanimatmolgeneticstranslationswf

353

bull Describe the genetic code in terms of codons composed of triplets of bases

354

bull Explain the process of translation leading to polypeptide formationndash Include the roles of mRNA tRNA codons

anticodons and amino acids

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull DNA contains the genetic information to make amino acids

bull Amino acids combine to make proteins

bull These proteins determine the physical traits of an organism and control cellular functions

bull Proteins do everything and DNA gets all the credit

bull Think of them as tiny minions who do all the work

DNA and Protein Synthesis

FROM DNA TO PROTEINhellip

bullThink of DNA as a blueprint for your bodybullA lot of the blueprint has to do with protein building but not all of it

bullTo create a protein from the blueprint involves two main processes

bull 1 TRANSCRIPTIONbull The essential parts of the blueprint (DNA) for

protein building are copied (transcribed) by an architect (mRNA) and transported to the construction site

bull 2 TRANSLATIONbull The protein blueprint (mRNA) is given to the

builders (ribosomes) who translate the DNA code into the PROTEIN CODE to build proteins

RNA - the messenger

single strandribose sugar

contains no thymine uracil instead

follows base pair rule

DNA A T A G C GRNA U A U C G C

RNA carries the message to the ribosomes where proteins are made

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull DNA contains the genetic information to make amino acids

bull Amino acids combine to make proteins

bull These proteins determine the physical traits of an organism and control cellular functions

bull Proteins do everything and DNA gets all the credit

bull Think of them as tiny minions who do all the work

DNA and Protein Synthesis

FROM DNA TO PROTEINhellip

bullThink of DNA as a blueprint for your bodybullA lot of the blueprint has to do with protein building but not all of it

bullTo create a protein from the blueprint involves two main processes

bull 1 TRANSCRIPTIONbull The essential parts of the blueprint (DNA) for

protein building are copied (transcribed) by an architect (mRNA) and transported to the construction site

bull 2 TRANSLATIONbull The protein blueprint (mRNA) is given to the

builders (ribosomes) who translate the DNA code into the PROTEIN CODE to build proteins

RNA - the messenger

single strandribose sugar

contains no thymine uracil instead

follows base pair rule

DNA A T A G C GRNA U A U C G C

RNA carries the message to the ribosomes where proteins are made

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

DNA and Protein Synthesis

FROM DNA TO PROTEINhellip

bullThink of DNA as a blueprint for your bodybullA lot of the blueprint has to do with protein building but not all of it

bullTo create a protein from the blueprint involves two main processes

bull 1 TRANSCRIPTIONbull The essential parts of the blueprint (DNA) for

protein building are copied (transcribed) by an architect (mRNA) and transported to the construction site

bull 2 TRANSLATIONbull The protein blueprint (mRNA) is given to the

builders (ribosomes) who translate the DNA code into the PROTEIN CODE to build proteins

RNA - the messenger

single strandribose sugar

contains no thymine uracil instead

follows base pair rule

DNA A T A G C GRNA U A U C G C

RNA carries the message to the ribosomes where proteins are made

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

FROM DNA TO PROTEINhellip

bullThink of DNA as a blueprint for your bodybullA lot of the blueprint has to do with protein building but not all of it

bullTo create a protein from the blueprint involves two main processes

bull 1 TRANSCRIPTIONbull The essential parts of the blueprint (DNA) for

protein building are copied (transcribed) by an architect (mRNA) and transported to the construction site

bull 2 TRANSLATIONbull The protein blueprint (mRNA) is given to the

builders (ribosomes) who translate the DNA code into the PROTEIN CODE to build proteins

RNA - the messenger

single strandribose sugar

contains no thymine uracil instead

follows base pair rule

DNA A T A G C GRNA U A U C G C

RNA carries the message to the ribosomes where proteins are made

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

RNA - the messenger

single strandribose sugar

contains no thymine uracil instead

follows base pair rule

DNA A T A G C GRNA U A U C G C

RNA carries the message to the ribosomes where proteins are made

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

RNA carries the message to the ribosomes where proteins are made

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

CODESbull DNA code

ndash 4 possible bases (ATCG) bull Are connected to deoxyribose and phosphate forming nucleotides

ndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together and pair forming a DNA double helix (double stranded)

bull RNA codendash 4 letters (AUCG)

bull Are connected to ribose and phosphate forming nucleotidesndash Nucleotides in various combinations connect together forming a RNA chain (SINGLE stranded)ndash Groups of 3 nucleotides (CODONS) make an RNA word

bull PROTEIN CODE-ndash EACH CODON CODES FOR AN AMINO ACIDndash All protein words are 3 letters long (ie ATT CAG GGC)ndash Each 3 letter word (codon) codes for a specific amino acidndash There are 20 possible amino acids

raquo THEY ARE THE SUBUNIT OF PROTEINSndash Chains of amino acids make a PROTEIN

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Codon three bases code for a specific amino acidex AAA = Lysine

bull The codons code for 20 amino acids

bull Just like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know the 20 amino acids that when combined in different ways make all the different proteins found in living organisms

bull The codons are the template for protein synthesis which takes place on the ribosomes (rRNA) in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

Start

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

bull Protein synthesis- Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NJxobgkPEAobull Protein synthesis 2 ndash Youtubebull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=1fiJupfbSpg

bull Cow dna - httpwwwbiologycornercomworksheetsDNAcontrolshtmlbull Genetics bio cornerbull httpwwwbiologycornercomlesson-plansgenetics

DNA and Protein Synthesis ndash Codons and amino acids

Name the Amino Acid

UAU

CCG

AGU

GCA

Tyrosine

Proline

Serine

Alanine

ala

val

ser

arg

lys

Asn

asp

glu

gly

phe

leu

ser

tyr

cys

(trp)

leu

pro

his

gln

arg

thr

ile

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Buthellip How does the information get from the DNA to the cytoplasm

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Transcription

Transcription

1) DNA unzips

2) mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) copies info from DNA using base pairings

bull RNA is different from DNAa) Single stranded not double strandedb) Instead of deoxyribose it has ribosec) instead of Thymine it uses Uracil

3) mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Translation

Translation

1) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) attaches to mRNA and starts reading the codons

2) tRNA (transfer RNA) ndash carries no acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain by matching its complementary anticodon with the mRNA codon

3) When protein production is complete the ribosome releases the protein chain

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Summary

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice making mRNA using the DNA template

DNAG A T T A C AC U A A U G U

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Buthellip How does the information get from the DNA to the cytoplasm

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Transcription

Transcription

1) DNA unzips

2) mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) copies info from DNA using base pairings

bull RNA is different from DNAa) Single stranded not double strandedb) Instead of deoxyribose it has ribosec) instead of Thymine it uses Uracil

3) mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Translation

Translation

1) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) attaches to mRNA and starts reading the codons

2) tRNA (transfer RNA) ndash carries no acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain by matching its complementary anticodon with the mRNA codon

3) When protein production is complete the ribosome releases the protein chain

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Summary

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice making mRNA using the DNA template

DNAG A T T A C AC U A A U G U

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Transcription

Transcription

1) DNA unzips

2) mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) copies info from DNA using base pairings

bull RNA is different from DNAa) Single stranded not double strandedb) Instead of deoxyribose it has ribosec) instead of Thymine it uses Uracil

3) mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Translation

Translation

1) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) attaches to mRNA and starts reading the codons

2) tRNA (transfer RNA) ndash carries no acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain by matching its complementary anticodon with the mRNA codon

3) When protein production is complete the ribosome releases the protein chain

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Summary

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice making mRNA using the DNA template

DNAG A T T A C AC U A A U G U

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Translation

Translation

1) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) attaches to mRNA and starts reading the codons

2) tRNA (transfer RNA) ndash carries no acids and attaches them to the growing protein chain by matching its complementary anticodon with the mRNA codon

3) When protein production is complete the ribosome releases the protein chain

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Summary

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice making mRNA using the DNA template

DNAG A T T A C AC U A A U G U

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

DNA and Protein Synthesis - Summary

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice making mRNA using the DNA template

DNAG A T T A C AC U A A U G U

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice making mRNA using the DNA template

DNAG A T T A C AC U A A U G U

mRNA

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

DNA and Protein Synthesis

bull Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons creating a protein chain

bull Just like linking letters to make words linking amino acids makes proteins

mRNACUA AUG UGC

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

Go To This Website

bull httplearngeneticsutaheducontentmoleculestranscribe

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

httplearngeneticsutaheducontentbegindnafirefly

Fill in the blanks on the following slide

355

bull Discuss the relationship between one gene and one polypeptide

For more resources amp links

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