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Step Up To: Discovering Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D . From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007). Chapter 4: Consciousness and Its Variations. You’re So Dreamy. Watch the Watch. Sleep Tight. Tick Tock. Psychedelic!. Tick-Tock. 500. 400. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Step Up To: Discovering Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury
Discovering Psychology 4eWorth Publishers (2007)
Chapter 4: Consciousness and Its Variations
Tick Tock
Sleep Tight
You’re So Dreamy
Watch the Watch
Psychedelic!
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400
500
Tick-Tock
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500
Sleep Tight
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500
You’re So Dreamy!
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Watch the Watch
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Psychedelic!
1. Biological processes that systematically vary over a period of 24 hours are called: • A) daily regimens.• B) lunar cycles.• C) sleep-wake cycles.• D) circadian rhythms.
2. __ is a hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness.• A) Serotonin• B) Melatonin• C) L-tryptophan• D) Dopamine
3. Circadian rhythms are controlled by light stimulating the retina, relaying impulses to the ____, which activates the pineal gland.• A) parietal lobe• B) optic chiasm• C) suprachiasmatic nucleus• D) amygdala
4. Researchers studying circadian rhythms may use underground isolation units. These are called:
• A) free-running conditions.• B) sleep chambers.• C) circadian neutralizers.• D) dream catchers.
5. The result of a free-running condition on circadian rhythms is:
• A) increased sleepiness.• B) insomnia.• C) a 25-hour cycle.• D) no change at all; the body
maintains its normal rhythm.
6. Sleep researchers distinguish between two basic types of sleep. ___ sleep is associated with dreaming. • A) NREM• B) REM• C) REO• D) DEEP
7. REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because:• A) dreams can be good or bad.• B) dreamers often wake up
while dreaming.• C) sleepwalking may occur
while the sleeper is dreaming.• D) muscle activity is suppressed
but the brain is very active.
8. Brief bursts of brain activity that last a second or two during sleep are called ____ and occur in ___.• A) sleep spindles; Stage 2• B) dream spikes; REM sleep• C) sleep spindles; REM sleep• D) delta waves; Stage 4
9. If not allowed to dream for several nights, sleepers experience___ the first time they are allowed to sleep uninterrupted. • A) insomnia• B) hallucinations• C) REM rebound• D) sleep apnea
10. Jen has a narcolepsy. She experiences a sudden loss of muscle strength and control, resulting in collapsing when excited. This symptom is called: • A) parasomnia.• B) sleep apnea.• C) cataplexy.• D) night terrors.
11. During REM dreaming, the sleeper’s ____ are inactive and the ___ is activated.• A) frontal lobes; limbic system• B) hippocampus; primary visual
cortex.• C) primary visual cortexes; frontal
lobe.• D) circadian rhythms; pineal
gland
12. People who become totally blind before the age of 5:
• A) don’t dream.• B) dream just as we do.• C) dream but not as vivid.• D) dream vividly with sound,
taste, smell and touch.
13. According to Freud, dreams have two components: the actual dream and the ____.• A) analytic interpretation• B) latent content• C) metaphorical meaning• D) symbolic representation
14. J. Allan Hobson proposed a model of dreaming that maintains dreaming is automatic brain activity that our brain then organizes into a story. This model is:• A) the latent content model.• B) the activation-synthesis model.• C) the base-interpretive model.• D) the bottom-up, top-down model.
15. Researchers have found that when people dream:• A) most dreams are in color.• B) most dreams are in black-and-white.• C) they can sometimes predict the
future.• D) they will die if they hit the bottom
when falling.
16. People who are highly susceptible to hypnosis:• A) have a weak will.• B) are less intelligent than
average.• C) like reading fiction. • D) are usually not children.
17. When hypnosis influences behavior after the hypnotic state, the subject was given:• A) posthypnotic amnesia.• B) a hypnotic command.• C) a command suggestion.• D) a posthypnotic suggestion.
18. Police Chief Jeffries is considering using a hypnotist on an eye-witness to help recall the events of a crime. The chief needs to know that:• A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is
highly qualified.• B) there is an increased risk of false
memories with hypnosis.• C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.• D) hypnosis can only help if used along
with a polygraph.
19. Two general types of meditation involve:
• A) chanting and movement techniques.• B) Buddhist and Chinese techniques.• C) group and individual techniques.• D) concentration and opening-up
techniques.
20. According to Ernest Hilgard’s theory of hypnosis:
• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the willingness of the subject.
• B) the subject’s consciousness is split and includes a hidden observer.
• C) everyone can become hypnotized if the hypnotist is trained.
• D) it is just another form of concentration.
21. Two factors involved in determining physical dependence are:• A) tolerance and withdrawal.• B) drug type and amount.• C) quantity and frequency.• D) psychoactivity and abuse.
22. Often withdrawal symptoms are opposite to the drug’s action, and are called:• A) paradoxical symptoms.• B) DT’s.• C) drug rebound.• D) addiction overload.
23. Addictive drugs have two things in common: they activate the brain’s reward system and increase ____.• A) brain activity.• B) norepinephrine.• C) dopamine.• D) heart rate and respiration.
24: Prolonged use of cocaine can result in auditory hallucinations of voices and bizarre and paranoid ideas, a condition called:
• A) paranoid schizophrenia.• B) cocaine rebound.• C) flashbacks.• D) amphetamine psychosis.
25. The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is:
• A) nicotine.• B) caffeine.• C) alcohol.• D) marijuana.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Biological processes that systematically vary over a period of 24 hours are called: • A) daily regimens.• B) lunar cycles.• C) sleep-wake cycles.• D) circadian rhythms.
130
2. __ is a hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness.• A) Serotonin• B) Melatonin• C) L-tryptophan• D) Dopamine
131
3. Circadian rhythms are controlled by light stimulating the retina, relaying impulses to the ____, which activates the pineal gland.• A) parietal lobe• B) optic chiasm• C) suprachiasmatic nucleus• D) amygdala
131
4. Researchers studying circadian rhythms may use underground isolation units. These are called:
• A) free-running conditions.• B) sleep chambers.• C) circadian neutralizers.• D) dream catchers.
131
5. The result of a free-running condition on circadian rhythms is:
• A) increased sleepiness.• B) insomnia.• C) a 25-hour cycle.• D) no change at all, the body
maintains its normal rhythm.
132
6. Sleep researchers distinguish between two basic types of sleep. ___ sleep is associated with dreaming. • A) NREM• B) REM• C) REO• D) DEEP
133
7. REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because:• A) dreams can be good or bad.• B) dreamers often wake up
while dreaming.• C) sleepwalking may occur
while the sleeper is dreaming.• D) muscle activity is suppressed
but the brain is very active.
136
8. Brief bursts of brain activity that last a second or two during sleep are called ____ and occur in ___.• A) sleep spindles; Stage 2• B) dream spikes; REM sleep• C) sleep spindles; REM sleep• D) delta waves; Stage 4
135
9. If not allowed to dream for several nights, sleepers experience ____ the first time they are allowed to sleep interrupted. • A) insomnia• B) hallucinations• C) REM rebound• D) sleep apnea
138
10. Jen has a narcolepsy. She experiences a sudden loss of muscle strength and control, resulting in collapsing when excited. This symptom is called: • A) parasomnia.• B) sleep apnea.• C) cataplexy.• D) night terrors.
142
11. During REM dreaming, the sleeper’s ____ are inactive and the ___ is activated.• A) frontal lobes; limbic system• B) hippocampus; primary visual
cortex.• C) primary visual cortexes; frontal
lobe.• D) circadian rhythms; pineal
gland
144
12. People who become totally blind before the age of 5:
• A) don’t dream.• B) dream just as we do.• C) dream but not as vivid.• D) dream vividly with sound,
taste, smell and touch.
146
13. According to Freud, dreams have two components, the actual dream and the ____.• A) analytic interpretation• B) latent content• C) metaphorical meaning• D) symbolic representation
148
14. J. Allan Hobson proposed a model of dreaming that maintains dreaming is automatic brain activity that our brain then organizes into a story. This model is:• A) the latent content model.• B) the activation-synthesis model.• C) the base-interpretive model.• D) the bottom-up, top-down model.
148
15. Researchers have found that when people dream:• A) most dreams are in color.• B) most dreams are in black-and-white.• C) they can sometimes predict the
future.• D) they will die if they hit the bottom
when falling.
146
16. People who are highly susceptible to hypnosis:• A) have a weak will.• B) are less intelligent than
average.• C) like reading fiction. • D) are usually not children.
150
17. When hypnosis influences behavior after the hypnotic state, the subject was given:• A) posthypnotic amnesia.• B) a hypnotic command.• C) a command suggestion.• D) a posthypnotic suggestion.
151
18. Police Chief Jeffries is considering using a hypnotist on an eye-witness to help recall the events of a crime. The chief needs to know that:• A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is
highly qualified.• B) there is an increased risk of false
memories with hypnosis.• C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.• D) hypnosis can only help if used along
with a polygraph.
151
19. Two general types of meditation involve:
• A) chanting and movement techniques.• B) Buddhist and Chinese techniques.• C) group and individual techniques.• D) concentration and opening-up
techniques.
154
20. According to Ernest Hilgard’s theory of hypnosis:
• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the willingness of the subject.
• B) the subject’s consciousness is split and includes a hidden observer.
• C) everyone can become hypnotized if the hypnotist is trained.
• D) it is just another form of concentration.
154
21. Two factors involved in determining physical dependence are:• A) tolerance and withdrawal.• B) drug type and amount.• C) quantity and frequency.• D) psychoactivity and abuse.
156
22. Often withdrawal symptoms are opposite to the drug’s action, and are called:• A) paradoxical symptoms.• B) DT’s.• C) drug rebound.• D) addiction overload.
156
23. Addictive drugs have two things in common: they activate the brain’s reward system and increase ____.• A) brain activity.• B) norepinephrine.• C) dopamine.• D) heart rate and respiration.
158
24: Prolonged use of cocaine can result in auditory hallucinations of voices and bizarre and paranoid ideas, a condition called:
• A) paranoid schizophrenia.• B) cocaine rebound.• C) flashbacks.• D) amphetamine psychosis.
164
25. The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is:
• A) nicotine.• B) caffeine.• C) alcohol.• D) marijuana.
161
Acknowledgments• Step Up Created by:
John J. Schulte, Psy.D.• Based on Discovering
Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury
• Worth Publishers, 2007
Answers—Chapter 41. D2. B3. C4. A5. C6. B7. D8. A
9. C10. C11. A12. D13. B14. B15. A16. C
17. D18. B19. D20. B21. A22. C23. C24. D
25. B