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Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
[email protected] May 2013
Introduction to
Step change improvements to
established reservoir
completion technology
SPE Seminar : Inwell flow
surveillance and control: new
frontiers
October 2013
Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
A Presentation of Two Technologies
• Inflow Control Devices
– Horizontal wells: permeability contrasts, fractures, frictional losses, thin oil columns, mobility variations
• Intelligent Completions
– Multiple horizons, horizontal wells: zonal heterogeneity, critical production management
Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
Passive ICD System – viscosity “independent”
• Pressure drop a function of density and rate squared
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Autonomous ICD – “A levitator” ??
• Bernoulli – “Sum of Static Pressure, Dynamic Pressure and Friction loss along a streamline is constant”
• Low viscosity - reduces friction pressure, causes high velocity thereby “sucking” the disc against the seat restricting flow
• High viscosity - increases friction pressure – pushing the disc away from the seat and thereby increasing flow
Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
0
5
10
15
20
25
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Dif
fre
nti
al P
ress
ure
(b
ar)
Actual Flow Rate (m3/hour)
TR7 Characteristics - Oil, Gas and Water
Low viscosity -High DP !!
High viscosity - Low DP !!
Gas Control with Choked Flow !!
High viscosity - Valve is open
AICD – viscosity dependency in “reverse”
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Performance Simulator – Oil to Gas
SPE 159634– Halvorsen et al.
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Performance Simulator– Heavy Oil
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Autonomous vs. Passive ICDs
Time to Breakthrough
Vis
cosity R
atio
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Intelligent Completions – Cabled Systems
• Surface control systems
• Modified wellheads
• Control line flat packs
• Cable clamps
• Feedthrough packers
• Hydraulic ICV (n+1)
• Electrohydraulic ICV
(<=12)
9
• For
– High cost wells
– New fields
– Main bores
Courtesy SLB
Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
Intelligent Completions – Wireless Systems
• Surface software
• Remote power
and control ICV
10
• For
– Mature fields
– Margin applications
– In laterals
– Liner deployment
– ERD
– Underbalanced
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Wireless Applications
• Retrofit Intelligent Capability
• Marginal applications
Plug design - commingled production,
water shut-off
Straddle design – zonal control
Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
Wireless Applications
• Branch monitoring and control
• Zonal lateral control
• Openhole or cased hole
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Pressure Pulse Telemetry for Multi-phase Wells
Input Signal Received Pulse
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Pressure Pulse Telegram
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Wireless Power
• Independent power supply
• Low temperature applications
• Retrofit applications
• Well commissioning applications
HT Lithium batteries used as primary power supply
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Wireless Power
• Each ICV has an independent
power supply
• Provides long service life in low
temperature applications
• Used for retrofit applications
where the batteries can be
replaced
• Used for high utilisation, well
commissioning applications
16
HT Rechargeable Lithium batteries
Copyright © Tendeka 2013. All rights reserved.
ICDs with ICVs
• “Found to have the best well performance with maximum production and minimum water”
OTC 21910 – Lauritzen et al.
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Thank-you
Questions please
