Stem Cells in Extraembryonic Lineages and Human Development

Stem Cells Derived from Amniotic Fluid and Placenta (Carlson Ch. 17)Stem Cells in Early Development (Lanza 13)

Early Implantation

Stem Cells in Early Development

Early Human Development

Initiating Gastrulation in the Mouse

Differentiation to Germ Layers in Vivo

Extraembryonic Nodal Required for Anterior and Posterior mesoderm formation

Houng et al 2011 Development

Nodal Pathway in Early Development

Early in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cell cultures

Embryos without maternal ndr1 have normal mesoderm markers and head/neck

development

Zebrafish Embryos Lacking Maternal and Yolk Sace Ndr2 show defective

Primordial Germ Cells Are Responsible for Sperm and Egg in Adult Tissues

Umbilical Cord Blood is a potent source of multipotent stem cells

Multipotent cells can be isolatedImmediately and cultured

11 x 10^6 cells/gram40g/tissue

Extensive in vitro renewal (55psg)

Multipotent markers expressedNo differentiation data?

2009 Schugar et al

Amniocentesis A routine Genetic Screening procedure

Developmental Fates of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells

Diecke and Wu Molecular Therapy 2012

Stem Cells from Amniotic Fluid used to treat myocardial damage

Yeh et al Biomaterials 2010

Sheet shows more hAFSCs in heart tissue 4 weeks post injection