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Nanog, which helps keep cells pluripotent was discovered by Ian

Chambers, University of Edinburgh

SSCN launched at event addressed by Geron Corp’s CEO, Tom Okarma

First mammal cloned from an adult (somatic) cell - Dolly the sheep is

born at the Roslin Institute

Virus free induction of iPS cells by Keisuke Kaji (Edinburgh) and

Andras Nagy (Toronoto)

First in man study: ReNeuron’s neural stem cells in clinical study at

Southern General Hospital, Glasgow

1956 1961 1978 1981 1988 1995 1998 2000 2006 2007 2008 2010

1996 2003 2009 2011

Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine opens in Edinburgh at the

at bioQuarter (near RIE)

First bone marrow transplant performed in US

James Till and Ernest McCulloch prove the existence of stem cells

in the bone marrow

Stem cells are discovered in human cord blood

First embryonic stem cells are derived from a mouse blastocyst

First embryonic stem cell line derived from a non-human primate

First cord blood transplant performed in a patient with Fanconi anemia

James Thomson publishes the first paper in Science describing hESCs

Osiris Therapeutics (US), began their 1st trial using mesenchymal stem cells

(MSCs) in bone marrow transplants

First stem cells derived from a cloned embryo in a mouse

Yamanaka and colleagues at Kyoto University create the first iPS cells created from mouse somatic cells.

Thomson, Yamanaka and others publish the creation of iPS cells

from humans

Harvard researchers publish first disease specific iPS lines for

diseases including Parkinson’s and juvenile diabetes

Scientists at Stanford University directly reprogram fibroblasts to

neurons without needing to return the cells to pluripotency first.

Geron (US) receives clearance to begin world’s first human clinical trial

of hESC based therapy for acute spinal cord injury

Advanced Cell Technology (US) granted approval to proceed with clinical trials with hESC derived

treatment for a rare type of blindness.

Stem cell discovery timeline

Created by SSCN:

based on original work done by the Australian Stem Cell Centre

Image ©

The Roslin Institute

Image © PhotoGraphics, University Health Network