Stefan Micallef

8/13/2019 Stefan Micallef

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Regulations for the protection of the marine

environment from Noxious Liquid

Substances (NLS) two main instruments MARPOLMARPOL AnnexAnnex IIIIpreventionprevention ofof

pollutionpollution SubstancesSubstances divideddivided intointo categoriescategories accordingaccording toto thethe levellevel ofof

threatthreat theythey posepose toto thethe marinemarine environmentenvironment

ConditionsConditions laidlaid downdown underunder whichwhich dischargedischarge intointo thethe sea cansea can

taketake placeplace

IBCIBC CodeCodeSafetySafety PresribesPresribes designdesign andand constructionconstruction standardsstandards forfor shipsships

DefinitiveDefinitive sourcesource ofofthethe namesnames ofofproductsproducts thatthat havehave beenbeen

evalautedevalauted forfor thethe carriagecarriage by seaby sea


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What are noxious liquid substances?

Can be any bulk liquid that does not meet theCan be any bulk liquid that does not meet thedefinition for oil as defined in MARPOLdefinition for oil as defined in MARPOL

Annex IAnnex I

Might include, inter alia:Might include, inter alia:

petrochemicalspetrochemicals

solventssolvents

waxeswaxes

lube oil additiveslube oil additives

vegetable oils and animal fatsvegetable oils and animal fats


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Regulations of Noxious Liquid Substances

(NLS) two main instruments MARPOLMARPOL AnnexAnnex IIIIpreventionprevention ofof

pollutionpollution SubstancesSubstances divideddivided intointo categoriescategories accordingaccording toto thethe levellevel ofof

threatthreat theythey posepose toto thethe marinemarine environmentenvironment

ConditionsConditions laidlaid downdown underunder whichwhich dischargedischarge intointo thethe sea cansea can

taketake placeplace

IBCIBC CodeCodeSafetySafety PresribesPresribes designdesign andand constructionconstruction standardsstandards forfor shipsships

DefinitiveDefinitive sourcesource ofofthethe namesnames ofofproductsproducts thatthat havehave beenbeen

evalautedevalauted forfor thethe carriagecarriage by seaby sea


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MARPOL Annex II

Substances divided into pollution categories according toSubstances divided into pollution categories according to

the level of threat they pose the environmentthe level of threat they pose the environment

Conditions established for each pollution category underConditions established for each pollution category under

which discharge into sea is permittedwhich discharge into sea is permitted

Stripping LimitsStripping Limits defined for each pollution categorydefined for each pollution category

Procedures and Arrangements (P and A) ManualsProcedures and Arrangements (P and A) Manuals

Cargo record bookCargo record book Entered into force 6 April 1987Entered into force 6 April 1987

HOWEVER?


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By the time of entry into force theBy the time of entry into force the

provisions of Annex II were alreadyprovisions of Annex II were already14 years old14 years old..


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.soon recognised that the document was.soon recognised that the document was

rather unwieldyrather unwieldy

.suggestions that editorial revision.suggestions that editorial revision

necessary in order to make document morenecessary in order to make document moreuseruser--friendlyfriendly


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Technological Advances

Developments in pump design and technologyDevelopments in pump design and technology

made it possible to consider much strictermade it possible to consider much strictercontrols on the amount of residues that can becontrols on the amount of residues that can be

discharged into the marine environmentdischarged into the marine environment

(stripping limits)(stripping limits)


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Advances in knowledge on marine pollutionAdvances in knowledge on marine pollution

meant that it was becoming clear thatmeant that it was becoming clear thatproperties not previously considered in theproperties not previously considered in the

categorization of products should be givencategorization of products should be given

more weight while others were perhaps not somore weight while others were perhaps not so

important as had been thoughtimportant as had been thought


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Changing Attitudes

Public expectations in terms of:Public expectations in terms of:

Protection of ecosystemsProtection of ecosystems

Provision of healthy,Provision of healthy,

uncontaminated fooduncontaminated food

Clean seas for recreationalClean seas for recreational

purposespurposes


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Exacerbated by incidents ofExacerbated by incidents of

lypophiliclypophilic substances washing up onsubstances washing up on

beaches and oiling sea birdsbeaches and oiling sea birds


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The revised MARPOL Annex II wasThe revised MARPOL Annex II wasadopted by resolution MEPC.118(52) inadopted by resolution MEPC.118(52) in

October 2004October 2004

The amended IBC Code was adopted byThe amended IBC Code was adopted by

resolution MEPC.119(52) in October 2004resolution MEPC.119(52) in October 2004

and MSC.176(79) in December 2004and MSC.176(79) in December 2004

Both entered into force on 01 JanuaryBoth entered into force on 01 January

20072007


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WHAT IS MARPOL Annex II ?

Aimed at pollution created as a result of shipAimed at pollution created as a result of ships operationals operationalpractices and covers the pollution and operational disposalpractices and covers the pollution and operational disposalof Noxious liquid substancesof Noxious liquid substances

Applicable toApplicable to all vesselsall vessels irrespective of date of build orirrespective of date of build or

size carrying cargoes listed in chapter 17, 18 of the IBCsize carrying cargoes listed in chapter 17, 18 of the IBCCode which have been given the pollution category X, Y, ZCode which have been given the pollution category X, Y, Z

Noxious liquid substances are divided intoNoxious liquid substances are divided intopollutionpollutioncategoriescategories (X, Y, Z)(X, Y, Z) according to the level of threat theyaccording to the level of threat they

pose the environmentpose the environment

Conditions established for each pollution categoryConditions established for each pollution categoryunder which discharge into sea is permittedunder which discharge into sea is permitted

Stripping LimitsStripping Limits defined for each pollution categorydefined for each pollution category Procedures and Arrangements (P and A) ManualsProcedures and Arrangements (P and A) Manuals

Cargo record bookCargo record book


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ALL VESSELS WHAT SHIPS?

AllAll shipsships carryingcarryingbulkbulkNLSNLS ororthosethoseprovisionalprovisional

assessedassessed underunderTripartiteTripartite agreementsagreements

AllAll chemicalchemical tankerstankers carryingcarrying dangerousdangerous

substancessubstances ininbulkbulk LiquidLiquid PetroleumPetroleum GasGas TankersTankers carryingcarrying hazardoushazardous

ininbulkbulk

AllAll oiloil tankerstankers carryingcarryingpollutionpollution hazardoushazardous

substancessubstances ininbulkbulk

S b di id d i ll i


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Substances are divided into pollution

categories according to the level ofthreat they pose the environment

Pollution Categorization SystemPollution Categorization System Category XCategory X

Major HazardMajor Hazardprohibition of discharge into theprohibition of discharge into theenvironmentenvironment

Category YCategory YHazardHazardlimitation on quality and quantity of dischargelimitation on quality and quantity of discharge

into environmentinto environment

Category ZCategory ZMinor hazardMinor hazardless stringent restrictions on quality andless stringent restrictions on quality and

quantity of dischargequantity of discharge

Other Substances (OS)Other Substances (OS)

Present no harm and not subject to any of thePresent no harm and not subject to any of therequirements of the Annexrequirements of the Annex

H

A

Z

A

R

D

C diti t bli h d f h PC d


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Conditions established for each PC under

which discharge into the sea is permitted

XXAll PrewashAll Prewash.. Subsequent washings to be discharged under sameSubsequent washings to be discharged under same

conditions as Cat Y.conditions as Cat Y.

YY

High viscosity and Solidifying SubstancesHigh viscosity and Solidifying Substances Prewash,Prewash, the restthe rest

efficient strippingefficient stripping

Proceeding en route at 7 knotsProceeding en route at 7 knots;; At least 12 miles from landAt least 12 miles from land;;

Depth of at least 25 mDepth of at least 25 m;; Discharge below waterlineDischarge below waterline

ZZAll efficient strippingAll efficient stripping

Proceeding en route at 7 knotsProceeding en route at 7 knots;; At least 12 miles from landAt least 12 miles from land

Depth of at least 25 mDepth of at least 25 m;; New Ships: Discharge below waterlineNew Ships: Discharge below waterline

HA

Z

A

R

D

Stripping Limits defined for each


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Stripping Limits defined for each

pollution category

New ShipsNew Ships Existing IBCExisting IBCExistingExisting

BCHBCHOther ShipsOther Ships

XX 75 litres +75 litres +prewashprewash

110000 litreslitres + 50+ 50

litreslitrestolerancetolerance ++

prewashprewash

110000 litreslitres ++

5050 litreslitrestolerancetolerance ++

prewashprewash

No carriageNo carriage

YY 75 litres75 litres 100100 litreslitres + 50+ 50litreslitres tolerancetolerance

330000 litreslitres ++

5050 litreslitres

tolerancetolerance

No carriageNo carriage

ZZ 75 litres75 litres330000 litreslitres + 50+ 50litreslitres tolerancetolerance

990000 litreslitres ++5050 litreslitres

tolerancetolerance

New ShipsNew Ships: 75: 75 litreslitres

Existing ShipsExisting Ships::empty tanks to theempty tanks to the

mostmostpracticablepracticable

extentextent

OSOS UnrestrictedUnrestricted UnrestrictedUnrestricted UnrestrictedUnrestricted UnrestrictedUnrestricted


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More on MARPOL Annex II Vessels must comply fully with parts of the AnnexVessels must comply fully with parts of the Annex

applicable to the Category of the pollutant carried:applicable to the Category of the pollutant carried:

Underwater discharge outlet (X, Y, ZUnderwater discharge outlet (X, Y, Zdependantdependant

on date of build)on date of build) Stripping Test (X, Y, Z.)Stripping Test (X, Y, Z.)

Approved procedures and arrangements manual (X,Approved procedures and arrangements manual (X,Y, Z)Y, Z)

Cargo record book (X, Y, Z)Cargo record book (X, Y, Z)

Shipboard marine pollution emergency plan (X, Y,Shipboard marine pollution emergency plan (X, Y,Z)Z)

Ventilation of cargo residuesVentilation of cargo residues Use of cleaning agents/additivesUse of cleaning agents/additives

Special areasSpecial areas

Slop tanksSlop tanks


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Summary

Entered into force 1 January 2007Entered into force 1 January 2007 Editorial revision making it simpler to useEditorial revision making it simpler to use

Development of a new 4Development of a new 4--pollution categories andpollution categories and

criteria for assigning products to these criteriacriteria for assigning products to these criteria Revised conditions for each pollution categoryRevised conditions for each pollution category

under which discharge into sea is permittedunder which discharge into sea is permitted

Defined stripping requirements for new shipsDefined stripping requirements for new ships75 litres75 litres

Consequential amendments to the IBC code,Consequential amendments to the IBC code,in particular the criteria for ship typingin particular the criteria for ship typing


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IBC Code

International standard for the safe carriage by seaInternational standard for the safe carriage by seain bulk of dangerous and noxious liquid substancesin bulk of dangerous and noxious liquid substances

Mandatory under both SOLAS and MARPOLMandatory under both SOLAS and MARPOL

Defines the construction and equipment of shipDefines the construction and equipment of shipcarrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulkcarrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk

Divided into 21 chaptersDivided into 21 chapters

Applies toApplies to ships, regardless of size, including thoseships, regardless of size, including thoseof less than 500of less than 500 gtgt, engaged in the carriage of bulk, engaged in the carriage of bulk

cargoes of dangerous chemicals or noxious liquidcargoes of dangerous chemicals or noxious liquidsubstances (NLS), other than petroleumsubstances (NLS), other than petroleum


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IBC CODE

Contains a set of basic requirements (19) all of which mustContains a set of basic requirements (19) all of which must

be satisfied to some degree and a set ofbe satisfied to some degree and a set of SpecialSpecialRequirementsRequirements which are complied with at the Ownerswhich are complied with at the Ownersdiscretion.discretion.

Compliance with the lowest level of the basic requirementsCompliance with the lowest level of the basic requirementswill result in a vessel being restricted to carrying a fewwill result in a vessel being restricted to carrying a fewNLSNLS

By increasing the level of compliance and by complyingBy increasing the level of compliance and by complying

with some of thewith some of the Special |RequirementsSpecial |Requirements the cargo listthe cargo listcan be expended until at the highest level of compliance,can be expended until at the highest level of compliance,all cargoes can be carriedall cargoes can be carried


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Ship Type 1

Ship Type 2

Ship Type 3

BIGGER TANKS

MORE

PROTECTION


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Each tanker is assigned a shipEach tanker is assigned a shiptype according to the degree oftype according to the degree ofhazards of the products to behazards of the products to becarriedcarried

Chapter 17 of the Code lists thoseChapter 17 of the Code lists thoseproducts which are subject to theproducts which are subject to theCode, together with carriageCode, together with carriage

requirementsrequirements

Chapter 18 contains productsChapter 18 contains productswhich have been evaluated andwhich have been evaluated andfound not to present significantfound not to present significantsafety or pollution hazardssafety or pollution hazards

Ch t 18Ch t 18 T 3 T 2T 3 T 2


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Chapter 18Chapter 18 Type 3 Type 2Type 3 Type 2

AcetoneAcetone

Ethyl acetateEthyl acetate

Ethyl alcoholEthyl alcohol

Ethylene glycolEthylene glycol

Fatty acidsFatty acidsHexanolHexanol

Methyl alcoholMethyl alcohol

Methyl ethylMethyl ethyl ketoneketone

Methyl isobutylMethyl isobutyl ketoneketone

MTBEMTBE

Paraffin WaxParaffin Wax

Urea/AmmoniumUrea/AmmoniumNitrate SolutionNitrate Solution

Vegetable oils

Ethyl acetateEthyl acetate

Ethylene GlycolEthylene Glycol

HexanolHexanol

Methyl alcoholMethyl alcohol

Methyl ethylMethyl ethyl ketoneketone

Methyl isobutylMethyl isobutylketoneketone

MTBEMTBE

Urea AmmoniumUrea AmmoniumNitrate solution

Fatty acidsFatty acids

Paraffin waxParaffin wax

Vegetable oilsNitrate solutionVegetable oils Vegetable oils

Summary


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Summary

Entered into Force 01 January 2007Entered into Force 01 January 2007 44--Category system rather than 5Category system rather than 5--CategoryCategory

Number of cargoes not subject to dischargeNumber of cargoes not subject to dischargerequirements reduced from 115 to a handfulrequirements reduced from 115 to a handful

New ships must strip to 75 litresNew ships must strip to 75 litres Need for special areas (other than Antarctic)Need for special areas (other than Antarctic)

eliminatedeliminated

Far greater number of products require carriage inFar greater number of products require carriage inchemical tankers than in the past provisionschemical tankers than in the past provisions

No longer provision for oilNo longer provision for oil--like substances to be carriedlike substances to be carriedon vessels other than chemical tankerson vessels other than chemical tankers

Name appearing in the IBC Code is the name that mustName appearing in the IBC Code is the name that mustbe used in documentationbe used in documentation


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Carriage ofvegetable oils

MARRPOL

Annex II

And

IBC Code


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Products used to beProducts used to be

listed in Chapter 18 oflisted in Chapter 18 ofthe IBC Code as genericthe IBC Code as genericentries and not asentries and not as

individual productsindividual products

Full data did not need toFull data did not need tobe providedbe provided


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All vegetable oils and animalAll vegetable oils and animal

fats evaluated have resultedfats evaluated have resulted

in an assignment ofin an assignment of

Pollution Category Y andPollution Category Y and

Ship type 2Ship type 2


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HOWEVER, Ship Type 3 vessels willHOWEVER, Ship Type 3 vessels willbe allowed to carry vegetable oilsbe allowed to carry vegetable oils

providing they have double bottom andproviding they have double bottom anddouble sides and satisfy the operationaldouble sides and satisfy the operational

criteriacriteria

Regulation 4.1.3 ofRegulation 4.1.3 of

MARPOL Annex IIMARPOL Annex II


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Oleochemicals

Pollution Category YPollution Category Y

Ship Type 2Ship Type 2

Therefore not eligibleTherefore not eligible

for carriage underfor carriage underregulation 4.1.3regulation 4.1.3


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BIODIESELBIODIESEL


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Fatty Acid MethylFatty Acid Methyl

Esters(mEsters(m

))

Palm oil Fatty Acid MethylPalm oil Fatty Acid MethylEsterEster

Coconut Oil Fatty Acid MethylCoconut Oil Fatty Acid Methyl

EsterEster

Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid MethylRapeseed Oil Fatty Acid MethylEsterEster

((m)Fromm)From vegetable oils specified in the IBC Codevegetable oils specified in the IBC Code

Biofuel Blends


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(first generation)

BiodieselBiodieselblended withblended with

mineral dieselmineral diesel

BioBio--alchoholalchoholblended withblended with

gasoline (gasohol)gasoline (gasohol)

PROPOSED GUIDANCE FOR CARRIAGE OF

BIOFUEL BLENDS CONSIDERED BY IMO hihi


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BIOFUEL BLENDS CONSIDERED BY IMO (shippershippershould contact his Administration for a decision on howshould contact his Administration for a decision on how

the product is to be carriedthe product is to be carried )

11 If the proportion ofIf the proportion of bioalcoholbioalcohol oror biodieselbiodiesel in the blendin the blend

does not exceed 15% then carry it under MARPOLdoes not exceed 15% then carry it under MARPOLAnnex IAnnex I

2.2. If the proportion ofIf the proportion of bioalcoholbioalcohol or biodiesel in the blendor biodiesel in the blend

exceeds 15% then the shipper should contact hisexceeds 15% then the shipper should contact his

Administration for a decision on how the product is to beAdministration for a decision on how the product is to be

carriedcarried..


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IMO RESPONSE TO THE ISSUE OFBIOFUELS/BIOFUEL BLENDS

1.1. IMOIMOss MEPC 55 agreed to add a new item to the workMEPC 55 agreed to add a new item to the workprogramme of the BLG Subprogramme of the BLG Sub--Committee to deal with theCommittee to deal with thecarriage of biofuels and biofuel blendscarriage of biofuels and biofuel blends

2.2. IMOIMOss BLG SubBLG Sub--Committee identified another issue thatCommittee identified another issue thatneeds addressing within the context ofneeds addressing within the context of biofuelsbiofuels i.ei.erenewable diesel oil (second generationrenewable diesel oil (second generation biofuelsbiofuels))


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Responsibilities of Port

StatesRevised Annex II to MARPOL 73/78Revised Annex II to MARPOL 73/78

and Amended IBC Codeand Amended IBC Code


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RECEPTION FACILITIESRECEPTION FACILITIES


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Regional Arrangements

GuidelinesGuidelines for Ensuring the Adequacy of Portfor Ensuring the Adequacy of PortReception Facilities (Resolution MEPC.83(44)Reception Facilities (Resolution MEPC.83(44)


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Port State ControlPort State Control


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Questions?Questions?

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Stefan Micallef