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Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND Steering and Suspension Systems 1 Steering Systems – Skid-Steer Differential drive Trailer steering Ackerman steering Actively controlled steering (Independent/explicit) Holonomic vs. Nonholonomic Systems Suspension Systems Rigid Suspension Independent Suspension Articulated/Split-Body Suspension Rocker-Bogie Configurations Segmented-Body Rovers Active Suspension

Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

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Page 1: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Steering and Suspension Systems

1

• Steering Systems– Skid-Steer– Differential drive– Trailer steering– Ackerman steering– Actively controlled steering (Independent/explicit)– Holonomic vs. Nonholonomic Systems

• Suspension Systems– Rigid Suspension– Independent Suspension– Articulated/Split-Body Suspension– Rocker-Bogie Configurations– Segmented-Body Rovers– Active Suspension

Page 2: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Steering Schemes

2

Page 3: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Fixed Suspension - Electric Tractor (JSC)

3

Page 4: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ET “Suspension”

4

Page 5: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Fixed Suspension in Hilly Terrain

5

Page 6: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ATRV Skid-Steer Robots

6

Page 7: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Laboratory Robot (CMU)

7

Page 8: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Laboratory Robot (CMU)

8

Page 9: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

RAVEN (UMd/ASU)

9

Page 10: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

RAVEN in Mobility Testing

10

Page 11: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Tooth (JPL) - Ackerman Steering

11

Page 12: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Hyperion (CMU)

12

Page 13: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Hyperion (CMU) - Trailer Steering

13

Page 14: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Independent Suspension (Towed Vehicle)

14

Page 15: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SCOUT Astronaut Support Rover (JSC)

15

Page 16: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SCOUT Suspension and Steering

16

Page 17: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Articulating Suspension - Nomad (CMU)

17

Page 18: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad Transforming Chassis

18

Page 19: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad in Rough Terrain

19

Page 20: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad Chassis/Steering System

20

Page 21: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad with Wheels Stowed

21

Page 22: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad Steering Schemes

22

Page 23: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad Power in Skid and Explicit Turns

23

Page 24: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Steering Power Comparison with Fixed Loads

24

Page 25: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Nomad Wheel Torques in Skid Turn

25

Page 26: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Split-Body Rovers (Sandia Labs)

26

Page 27: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Ratler (Sandia Labs)

27

Page 28: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Rocker-Bogie - Rocky 4

28

Page 29: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Rocky 7

29

Page 30: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Sojourner

30

Page 31: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

FIDO (JPL)

31

Page 32: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Mars Exploration Rover “Spirit”

32

Page 33: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

MER Rocker-Bogie Configuration

33

Page 34: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Lightweight Survivable Rover Dimensions

34

Page 35: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Mars Science Laboratory Development Unit

35

Page 36: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

MSL Engineering Development Unit

36

Page 37: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

K-Rex Rover (CMU for NASA Ames)

37

Page 38: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

K-Rex Wheel Drive/Steering System

38

Page 39: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Lunar X-Prize (CMU)

39

Page 40: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Articulated Bogey Configuration

40

Page 41: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Segmented Body - Marsokhod

41

Page 42: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Marsokhod Chassis

42

Page 43: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Robby (JPL)

43

Page 44: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Go-For (JPL)

44

Page 45: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SCARAB (CMU)

45

Page 46: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Scarab Wheel Articulation (CMU)

46

Page 47: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SCARAB at Full Extension (CMU)

47

Page 48: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Mars Rover (VNIITransmash -

48

Page 49: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle

49

Page 50: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SCOUT Rover (JSC)

50

Page 51: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Electric Tractor and Chariot (JSC)

51

Page 52: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Active Suspension - Chariot

52

Page 53: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Chariot B Climbs a Boulder Field

53

Page 54: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

RAVEN in Field Trials

54

Page 55: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SEV Driving Onto ~20° Slope

55

Page 56: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SEV on ~20° Slope

56

Page 57: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

SEV Dual Bogie Soil Contact

57

Page 58: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ATHLETE (JPL)

58

Page 59: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Centaur with Robonaut (JSC)

59

Page 60: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Centaur Body Pose and Turning

60

Page 61: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Palm Pilot Robot (CMU)(Holonomic)

61

Page 62: Steering and Suspension Systems€¦ · – Rocker-Bogie Configurations – Segmented-Body Rovers – Active Suspension. Steering and Suspension Systems ENAE 788X - Planetary Surface

Steering and Suspension SystemsENAE 788X - Planetary Surface Robotics

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Tessellator (CMU) (Holonomic)

62