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5/22/2018 Steel Design EC3
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midas Gen Tutor ial Eur ocode 3 - Design of Mul ti-Story Steel Bu il ding
MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Program Version V7.4.1
Program License Commercial, Trial
Revision Date Dec., 19, 2008
Eurocode 3 - Design of Multi-Story Steel Building
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Steel Design F eatures in midas Gen
Gen provides code checking for beams, columns and bracings as per Eurocode 3: 2005.
Both Ultimate and Serviceability limit states are checked.
Load combinations as per Eurocode 3 are automaticaly generated.
Static wind loads as per Eurocode 1-4: 2005 can be automatically assigned.
Static seismic loads and response spectrum function as per Eurocode 8-1: 2004 are available.
Available Section profiles include:
Angle, Channel, I -Shape, T-Shape, Box, Pipe, Double L, Double C
Joint Connection design is not currently available.
Imperfections needs to be manually considered.
Second-order effects can be considered.
Internal forces and moments are determined using elastic global analysis.
Composite beam design is provided in our sister product midas Civil.
Capacity design as per EN 1998 will be available in the next version planned for released in Spring 2009.
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Contents
Part 1. EC3 Design in Gen
I.Ultimate Limit State Check
Material Properties
Section table for the application of Ultimate Limit State Check
Resistance of cross-sections
Buckling resistance of members
II. Serviceability Limit State CheckVertical deflections
Horizontal deflections
Part 2. Tutorial
Eurocode 3 Steel Code Check Procedure:
1.Analyze the model.
2.Select the design code.
3.Generate load combinations.
4.Enter design parameters (Unbraced Length, Moment Factor, etc).
5.Enter deflection limits.
6.Check design results.
7.Change and update the designed sections.
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I. Ultimate Limit State Check
Part 1. EC3 Design in Gen
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The nominal values of the yield strength (fy) and the ultimate strength (fu) for structural steel
Material Properties
Steel Grade
t 40mm t > 40mm
fy
(N/mm2)
fu
(N/mm2)
fy
(N/mm2)
fu
(N/mm2)
S235
S275
S355
S450
235
275
355
440
360
430
510
550
215
255
335
410
360
410
470
550
Modulus of Elasticity = 210,000 N/mm2
Poissons Ratio = 0.3
Thermal Coefficient = 12 x10-6 /oC
Weight Density = 76.98 kN/m3
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Section table for the application of Ultimate Limit State Check
Note:
(1) Torsional Buckli ng and Torsional-F lexural Buckli ng are not evaluated.
(2) The thickness of two webs should be identical, and the member type should be column forthe weak axi s shear buckl ing check.
(3) FB: F lexural Buckling, SB: Shear Buckling, LTB: Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Cross section
Limit States
Yielding FB (1) SB LTBStrong axis Weak axis
I sectionDoubly Symmetric N/A
Singly Symmetric N/A N/A
Box (2) N/A
Angle N/A N/A N/A
Channel N/A N/A
Tee N/A N/A N/A
Double Angle N/A N/A N/A
Double Channel N/A N/A
Pipe N/A N/A N/A
Solid Rectangle N/A N/A N/A
Solid Round N/A N/A N/A
U-Rib N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
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Tension
Design tension resistance
The design ultimate resistance of the net cross-section at holes for fasteners is not considered in midasGen.
Resistance of cross-sections
Compression
Design compression resistance
In the case of unsymmetrical Class 4 sections, the additional moment due to the eccentricity of thecentroidal axis of the effective section is considered in midas Gen.
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Bending moment
Design bending resistance
Shear
Design shear resistance in the absence of tor sion
The shear area Av is calculated based on the clause 6.2.6 (3) as per EN1993-1-1
Rolled I and H sections, load parallel to web: but not less than
Design elastic shear resistance is not applied.
Resistance of cross-sections
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Shear Buckling
The shear buckling resistance for webs without intermediate stiffeners is calculated, according to
section 5 of EN 1993-1-5, if
For steel grades up to and including S460.
For higher steel grades
Design resistance
Stiffener design to resist shear buckling is not provided in midas Gen.
Stiffener type for end supports is assumed as a non-rigid end post.
It is assumed that the length of an unstiffened plate, ais the same as the unbraced length.
Non-r igid end post
Resistance of cross-sections
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Torsion
The torsional resistance is not checked.
Bending and Shear
The effect of shear force on the moment resistance is considered.
Where the shear force is less than half the plastic shear resistance, its effect on the moment resistance
is neglected.
Where
I -cross-sections with equal f langes and bending about the major ax is
Torsion is not considered when calculating .
For the other cases
RdplED VV ,5.0
RdcRdV MM ,, )1(
Resistance of cross-sections
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Bending and Axial Force
The effect of axial force on the moment resistance is considered.
Class 1 and 2 cross sections
For doubly symmetri cal I - and H-sections, allowance is not made for the effect of the axial force on the
plastic resistance moment about the y-y axis when both the fol lowing cri ter ia are satisfi ed:
For doubly symmetri cal I - and H-sections, allowance is not made for the effect of the axial force on the
plastic resistance moment about the z-z axi s when:
The fol lowing equations are used for standard roll ed I or H sections and for welded I or H sections with
equal fl anges.
Resistance of cross-sections
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Bending and Axial Force (contd.)
For bi-axi al bending both the fol lowing cri ter ia are used:for Class 1 & 2 sections
for Class 1, 2, 3 & 4 sections
a)
b)
Bending, Shear and Axial Force
Where the shear force exceeds 50% of the plastic shear resistance, its effect on the moment of resistance is
reflected in the formula above.
Mpl,y,Rd and Mpl,z,Rd are replaced by My,v,Rd and Mz,v,Rd respectively in the following equations to consider
shear effect in the above criterion a).
My,Rd and Mz,Rd are replaced by My,v,Rd and Mz,v,Rd respectively in the above criterion b)
to consider shear effect.
Resistance of cross-sections
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Uniform members in compression
For slenderness or for the buckling effects are ignored.
Flexural buckling is checked for the L, C, I, T, Box, Pipe, Double L, and Double C section.
Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling is not checked.
Design buckling resistance
Buckling resistance of members
is the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling mode based on the gross cross sectional properties.
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Uniform members in bending
For the uniform and doubly symmetric I cross-sections only, the lateral torsional buckling check isprovided.
It is assumed that the section is loaded through its shear center, and the boundary conditions at each
end are both restrained against lateral movement and restrained against rotation about the
longitudinal axis.
For slenderness or for the lateral torsional buckling effects are ignored.
Buckling resistance of members
Mcris the elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling.
The value of C 1depends on the moment distr ibu tion along the
member, which is calculated based on the table in the following page.
: Warping constant
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Uniform members in bending (Continued)
If the member type is column, C1 is calculated based on the table below. EN 1993-1-1: 1992 Annex F
Buckling resistance of members
k C1
+1
1.0 1.000
0.7 1.000
0.5 1.000
+3/4
1.0 1.141
0.7 1.270
0.5 1.305
+1/2
1.0 1.323
0.7 1.473
0.5 1.514
+1/4
1.0 1.563
0.7 1.739
0.5 1.788
k C1
0
1.0 1.879
0.7 2.092
0.5 2.150
-1/4
1.0 2.281
0.7 2.538
0.5 2.609
-1/2
1.0 2.704
0.7 3.009
0.5 3.093
-3/4
1.0 2.927
0.7 3.009
0.5 3.093
-1
1.0 2.752
0.7 3.063
0.5 3.149
M M
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Uniform members in bending (Continued)
If the member type is beam, C1 is calculated based on the table below.
Buckling resistance of members
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Uniform members in bending (Continued)
Design buckl ing resistance
The method in the Clause 6.3.2.3 and 6.3.2.4 of EC3 are not considered.
Buckling resistance of members
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Uniform members in bending and axial compression
For members which are subjected to combined bending and axial compression, the resistance to
lateral and lateral-torsional buckling is verified by the following criteria.
When the design axial force, NEd is larger than Ncr,z or Ncr,TF, the criteria above are not applied.
General method of the clause 6.3.4 is not considered.
Buckling resistance of members
kyy, kyz, kzy, kzzare the interaction factors. These values are obtained from Annex A in EN 1993-1-1: 2005.
Cmy, Cmzand CmLTin Annex A can be either user-defined or auto-calculated.
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ii. Serviceability Limit State Check
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Vertical deflections
Vertical deflection can be checked for beam members.
Remaining total deflection (wmax) caused by the permanent and variable actions is automatically
checked based on the serviceability load combinations.
The default limit value is set to L/250.
The deflection due to the variable actions can be checked manually by adding load combinationconsisting of variable actions and changing the limit value.
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Horizontal deflections
Horizontal deflection can be checked for column members.
Horizontal displacement over a story height Hi is automatically checked based on the serviceability
load combinations.
The default limit value is set to Hi/300.
Overall horizontal displacement over the building height H should be checked separately.
Dynamic effects
The vibration of structures is not checked.
E d 3 D i f M l ti St St l B il di
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Design of Multi-Story Steel Building
Part 2. Tutori al
id G T t i l E d 3 D i f M l ti St St l B il di
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Eur ocode 3 Steel Design Methods
midas Gen provides the following two methods:
1. The program finds optimal sections for gr avity loads (Design > Steel Optimal Design) and
also finds optimal sections for lateral loads (Design> Displacement Optimal Design). With
the combined use of the two, the user shoul d fi nd optimal sections.
2. The program checks strength and serviceabil i ty based on the sections def ined by the user
and the design code selected by the user (Design > Steel Code Check). Also, the program
searches and proposes sections which satisfy the design conditions entered by the user.
Then the user can update the sections referr ing to the sections proposed by the program.
In this tutorial, method 2 is presented.
id G T t i l E d 3 D i f M l ti St St l B il di
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5,000
Details of the example building
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
ROOF
Figure 1. Elevation (unit: mm)
Figure 2. Structural Plan (2~Roof) (unit: mm)
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
2,500
7,500 7,5007,500 7,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
2,500
2,
500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
id G T t i l Eur ocode3 Design of M ul ti Story Steel Bu il ding
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Structural SystemApplied Codes
Applied Wind Load: Eurocode 1 (2005)
Applied Seismic Load: Eurocode 8 (2004)
Steel Design Code: Eurocode 3 (2005)
Self Weight
Floor loads
For floor 2~5
Superimposed Dead Load: 3.7 kN/m2
Live Load: 4 kN/m2
For roof
Superimposed Dead Load: 5 kN/m2
Live Load: 1.5kN/m2
Wind loads
Basic Wind Velocity: 26 m/s
Terrain Category: II
Seismic loads
Ground Type: B
Applied Loads
Load Name Details
StaticLoadCases
1 Self Weight Self Weight
2 SID Superimposed Dead Load
3 Live Load Live Load
4 Wind X-dirWind Load
(in the global X-direction)
5 Wind Y-dir Wind Load(in the global Y-direction)
ResponseSpectrum
LoadCases
6 RXSeismic Load
(in the global X-direction)
7 RYSeismic Load
(in the global Y-direction)
Unit Load Cases
Bracing system
Materials
Beam, Column and Brace: S275
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Section ID DB Section Size
4 UNI HEB 240
5 UNI HEB 300
Section ID DB Section Size
1 UNI IPE 500
2 UNI IPE 600
3 UNI IPE 450
Column
Brace
Beam
Section ID DB Section Size
6 UNI HEA 260
Applied Sections
These are the sections assumed before design updates.
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Step 1. Open the model fi le and perform analysis
1. Open EC3 design_start model.mgb
2. Analysis > Perform Analysis
1. Design > Steel Design Parameter > Design Code
2. Design Code: Eurocode3:05
3. Click on OK button.
Step 2. Steel Design Code
2
3
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Step 3: Generate Load Combinations (1)
1. Result > Combinations
2. Click on Steel Design Tab.
3. Click Auto Generation button.
4. Option: Add
5. Code Selection: Steel
6. Design Code: Eurocode3:05
7. Gamma G: 1.35, Gamma Q: 1.5
8. Click on OK button.
9. Click on Close button.
4
5
6
8
The program automatically creates design load combinations
which can bealso modified or deleted by theuser.
7
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Step 3: Generate Load Combinations (2)
2
3
9
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Step 4: Enter Unbraced Length
1. View > Select > I dentity
2. Select Type: Section
3. Select 1: IPE 500 & IPE 600.
4. Click on Add button and Close button.
5. Design > General Design Parameter >Unbraced Length
6. Option: Add/Replace
7. Laterally Unbraced Length, Lb = 2.5
8. Click on Apply button and Close button.
2
3
4
6
5
7
8
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Step 5: Enter Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor (Cmy, Cmz)
1. View > Select > Select All
2. Design > General Design Parameter >Equivalent Unif orm Moment Factor
3. Option: Add/Replace
4. Check on Calculate by Program
5. Click on Apply button and Close button.
3
4
5
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Step 6: Enter Equivalent Moment Factor (CmLT)
6
7
8
1. View > Select > I dentity
2. Select Type: Element Type
3. Select BEAM.
4. Click on Add button and Close button.
5. Design > Steel Design Parameter > Equivalent Moment Factor
6. Option: Add/Replace
7. Check on Calculate by Program.
8. Click on Apply button and Close button.
2
3
4
4
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Step 7: Assign/Confirm Serviceability Load Combination Type
1. Design > General Design Parameter > Serviceabil ity Load Combination Type
2. Click on Close button.
2
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Step 8: Enter Serviceability Parameters
1. View > Select > I dentity
2. Select Type: Element Type
3. Select BEAM.
4. Click on Add button and Close button.
5. Design > Steel Design Parameter > Serviceabili ty Parameters
6. Option: Add/Replace
7. Selection Type: By Selection
8. Deflection Control For Beams: L / 250
9. Deflection Control For Columns: h / 300
10. Deflection Amplification Factor: 1
11.Click on Apply button and Close button.
11
10
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I f the elements l ocal x -ax is i s paral l el to the global Z-ax is, t he
element is considered as a column. If theelements local x-axis is
parallel to global X-Y plane, theelement is considered asbeam. All
other elements except for columns and beams are considered to be
braces.
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dasGe uto a g y g
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Step 9: Steel Code Checking (1)
1. Design > Steel Code Check
2. Click on button.
3. Select SECT 5 & SECT 6.
4. Click on Graphic button.
2
4
3
Ul timate Limit State Check Results
COM: Criti cal ratio by axial f orce and bending moment (Yielding & Buckli ng)
SHR: Criti cal ratio by shear force (Yielding & Buckli ng)
Servi ceabil ity L imi t State Check Resul ts
Beam: Vertical deflection
Column: H orizontal deflection
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g y g
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Step 10: Steel Code Checking (2)
Ul timate L imit State Check Resul t is NG.
Servi ceabil ity Limit State Check Result is OK.
1. Click on Close button.
1
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g y g
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Step 11: Change the NG Sections (1)
1. Click on button.
2. Click on Change button.
3. Limit Combined Ratio from 0.8 to 1.
4. Click on Search Satisfied Section.
5. Select HEB340.
6. Click on Change button.
3
2
4
5
61
Changecommand will veri fy the strength for the user-selected section and save
the design results until re-analysis is performed.
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Step 11: Change the NG Sections (2)
1. Select Property No. 6.
2. Limit Combined Ratio from 0.8 to 1.3. Click on Search Satisfied Section.
4. Select HEA280.
5. Click on Change & Close button.
2 3
4
5
Updatecommand will allow theuser to update the section and re-analyze.
1
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Step 11: Change the NG Sections (3)
1. Select SECT 6.
2. Click on Graphic button.
1
2
Only the section for design review has been changed.
The section in themodel hasnot been changed asseen
in theWorks Tree.
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Step 11: Change the NG Sections (4)
1. Click on Close button.
1
Ul timate Limit State Check Resul t is OK.
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Properties BeforeChangerepresents the sections used in the analysis.
Properties AfterChangerepresents the sections used in the Design Change.
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Step 12: Update the Design Sections (1)
1. Click on Update button.
2. Click on Select All Changed Properties button.
3. Click on
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Step 12: Update the Design Sections (2)
1. Click on Re-analysis button.
2. Click on Re-check button.
1
2
1. Re-analyze the model.
2. Re-do the steel code check.
Fi nal design results
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Step 13: Change the Section with Low Ratio (1)
1. Click on View Result Ratio button.
2. Select ID: 2.
3. Ratio Limit: From 0, To 0.5
4. Click on Show Graph of Result Ratio
button.
5. Click on Select Elements button.
6. Click on Close button.
2
4
3
5
6
1
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Step 13: Change the Section with Low Ratio (2)
1. Drag & Drop 1: IPE500 into the Model View.
2. Click on Yes button.
2
1
Among the elements assigned with IPE600, the elements
whose combined resistance ratio is less than 0.5 are
changed into a smaller section I PE500.
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Step 13: Change the Section with Low Ratio (3)
1. Analysis > Perform Analysis
2. Design > Steel Code Check
3. Click on View Result Ratio button.
4. Select ID: 2.
5. Ratio Limit: From 0, To 1
6. Click on Show Graph of Result Ratio button.
7. Click on Close button.
3
4
5
6
Combined resistance ratiosof Section ID. 2 areall above 0.5.