SAMPLE C

ONTENT

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

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keÀ#ee meeleJeeR

Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai

ceneje<ì^ jep³e Heeþd³eHegmlekeÀ efveefce&leer Je DeY³eeme¬eÀce mebMeesOeve ceb[U, HegCes odJeeje mebMeesefOele Hejer#ee HeodOeefle Hej DeeOeeefjle

efnboer megueYeYeejleer

P.O. No. 102893

10730_12410_JUP

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

ÒemleeJevee efÒe³e efce$ees, meeleJeeR keÀ#ee ceW DeeHekeÀe neefo&keÀ DeefYevebove nw~ DeeHekesÀ meJee¥ieerCe efJekeÀeme keÀes O³eeve ceW jKeles ngS efMe#eCe ceb[U ves veS Heeþd³e¬eÀce keÀe efvecee&Ce efkeÀ³ee nw~ veS Heeþd³e¬eÀce kesÀ DeeOeej Hej `ìeiexì HeeqyuekesÀMevme' odJeeje `efnboer megueYeYeejleer meeleJeeR keÀ#ee' ceeie&oMe&keÀ HegmlekeÀ keÀer j®evee keÀer ieF& nw~ ³en HegmlekeÀ veJeerve Heeþd³e¬eÀce keÀes mejue SJeb ©ef®ekeÀj yeveeves kesÀ meeLe-meeLe efJeod³eeLeea SJeb Heeþd³e¬eÀce kesÀ yeer®e mesleg keÀe keÀe³e& keÀjsieer~ Fme HegmlekeÀ ceW ieod³e, Heod³e leLee ef®e$e-HeeþeW keÀe cetu³eebkeÀve efJeefJeOe ªHeeW ceW Òemlegle efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw~ mebkeÀefuele cetu³eebkeÀve SJeb DeekeÀeefjkeÀ cetu³eebkeÀve kesÀ Deueie-Deueie efJeYeeie yeveeS ieS nQ~ Òel³eskeÀ Heeþ kesÀ DeejbYe ceW GodosM³e, MeyoeLe&, cegneJejs Je keÀneJeleW Yeer DeeJeM³ekeÀleevegmeej oer ieF& nQ~ Heeþ ceW DeeS keÀefþve MeyoeW kesÀ efnboer Je Debûespeer ceW DeLe& oskeÀj íe$eeW keÀe Meyo%eeve yeæ{eves Deewj Meyo mebkeÀuHevee mHe<ì keÀjves keÀe Òe³eeme efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw~ `mebkeÀefuele cetu³eebkeÀve' kesÀ Debleie&le %eeve SJeb DeekeÀueve #ecelee yeæ{eves kesÀ efueS efJeod³eeefLe&³eeW kesÀ ûenCe, mcejCe Je mecePe Hej DeeOeeefjle efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej kesÀ ÒeMveeW keÀe meceeJesMe efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw~ `DeekeÀeefjkeÀ cetu³eebkeÀve' kesÀ Debleie&le GHe³eespeve Je keÀewMeue #ecelee yeæ{eves kesÀ efueS keÀuHeveelcekeÀ Je me=peveelcekeÀ efJe®eejeW Hej DeeOeeefjle Heeþd³eHegmlekeÀ ceW GefuueefKele efJe<e³eeW keÀe efJemle=le JeCe&ve efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw~ efJeod³eeLeea mebHetCe& Heeþ keÀes Deemeeveer mes mecePe mekeWÀ leLee ÞeJeCe, Yee<eCe, Jee®eve SJeb uesKeve #ecelee kesÀ meeLe-meeLe GveceW Jew®eeefjkeÀ MeeqkeÌle keÀe HetCe& efJekeÀeme nes mekesÀ FmeefueS Òel³eskeÀ Heeþ ceW DeveskeÀ mebYeeefJele ÒeMveeW keÀes Yeer meefcceefuele efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw~ ef®e$e-HeeþeW keÀe efJemleej mes JeCe&ve keÀjkesÀ íe$eeW keÀer keÀuHeveeMeeqkeÌle efJekeÀefmele keÀjves keÀe Òe³eeme efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw~ J³eekeÀjCe keÀe mJeleb$e efJeYeeie yeveekeÀj J³eekeÀjCe mebyebOeer mebkeÀuHevee mHe<ì keÀer ieF& nw~ `uesKeve-efJeYeeie' kesÀ Debleie&le efveyebOe, He$e, keÀneveer leLee mebJeeo keÀe meceeJesMe keÀjkesÀ efJeod³eeefLe&³eeW keÀes uesKeve-keÀuee mes Heefjef®ele keÀje³ee ie³ee nw~ GHejeskeÌle efJeYeeieeW kesÀ DeefleefjkeÌle íe$eeW odJeeje mJe³eb cetu³eceeHeve kesÀ efueS HegmlekeÀ kesÀ Deble ceW ÒeMveHe$e Yeer efoS ieS nQ~ Deblele: ³en keÀnvee Devegef®ele ve nesiee efkeÀ mebHetCe& HegmlekeÀ efJeefJeOelee kesÀ efJemleej mes ³egkeÌle nw leLee íe$eeW kesÀ meJee¥ieerCe efJekeÀeme ceW mene³ekeÀ nesieer~ nceW DeeMee nw efkeÀ efveM®e³e ner ³en HegmlekeÀ efJeod³eeefLe&³eeW SJeb efMe#ekeÀeW kesÀ efueS GHe³eesieer Je %eeveJeOe&keÀ efmeodOe nesieer Deewj GvekeÀe mener efoMee keÀer Deesj ceeie&oMe&ve keÀjsieer~ HegmlekeÀ keÀer Glke=À<ìlee yeæ{eves kesÀ efueS DeeHekesÀ Decetu³e megPeeJe Deecebef$ele nQ~ nceeje F&-cesue nw: mail@targetpublications.org

MegYekeÀeceveeDeeW meefnle Oev³eJeeo!

ÒekeÀeMekeÀ Edition: First

Disclaimer This book is intended to be study material expressing views and elaborating concepts for ease of understanding for students and purely for their benefits. We make no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, suitability, or validity of any information through this study material. And, shall not be held liable or responsible for any errors, omissions, or differences in this information or any losses injuries or damages arising from its use. All information is provided on as it is basis depending upon the understanding of the author and his/her elaboration of such concepts along with adoption and inspiration from various other texts in relation to the topics as mentioned in this study material. It is the reader’s responsibility to verify their own facts. Through this study material we are only explaining and elaborating various concepts as may be necessary for the students in the present framework and context. The views and opinions expressed in this study material are purely as per the understanding of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any other agency, organization, employer or company. Assumptions made in this analysis are not reflective of the position of any other than the authors - and since we are critically thinking human beings with personified opinions, these views are always subject to change, revision and rethinking at any time. Please do not hold us to them in perpetuity. Readers shall not misconceive this work with any other work. This work is purely inspired upon the course work as suggested and prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. All the facts and figures so stated have been purely adopted from various research points purely for the purpose of representation and explaining the students and readers at large as a part of fair dealing. By producing anything and everything in this book the author does not intend to claim copyrights on any such material but has been purely adopted and used for the purpose of representation and for better understanding of the students with a pure intention to educate the public at large for a better India.

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

¬eÀ. Heeþ keÀe veece uesKekeÀ/keÀefJe He=.¬eÀ. Henueer FkeÀeF&

1. Jee®eve cesuee - 1

2. HetÀue Deewj keÀeBìs De³eesO³eeefmebn GHeeO³ee³e `nefjDeewOe' 43. oeoer ceeB keÀe HeefjJeej jceekeÀeble `keÀeble' 104. osnele Deewj Menj DeefYe<eskeÀ Heeb[s³e 175. yeboj keÀe OebOee vejWê iees³eue 26

6. `He=LJeer' mes `Deeqive' lekeÀ [e@. S.Heer.pes. Deyogue keÀueece 317. peneB ®een, JeneB jen DevegjeOee ceesefnveer 40

8. peerJeve veneR ceje keÀjlee nw ieesHeeueoeme mekeÌmesvee `veerjpe' 47 DeY³eeme - 1 - 54 HegvejeJele&ve - 1 - 55 otmejer FkeÀeF&

1. DemHeleeue - 57 2. yesìer ³egie Deevebo efJeMJeeme 603. oes ueIegkeÀLeeSB - 68 4. Meyo mebHeoe [e@. met³e&veeje³eCe jCemegYes 765. yemeble ieerle ®ebêÒekeÀeMe `®ebê' 84 6. ®eboe ceecee keÀer pe³e cebieue mekeÌmesvee 87 7. jnm³e nefjke=À<Ce osJemejs 948. nce ®eueles meervee leeve kesÀ [e@. nefjJebMeje³e ye®®eve 101 DeY³eeme - 2 - 109 DeY³eeme - 3 - 110 HegvejeJele&ve - 2 - 112

J³eekeÀjCe-efJeYeeie 114

uesKeve-efJeYeeie

1. efveyebOe-uesKeve 129 2. He$e-uesKeve 133

3. keÀneveer-uesKeve 136 4. mebJeeo-uesKeve 140 DeeoMe& ÒeMveHe$e - 1 144

DeeoMe& ÒeMveHe$e - 2 146

veesì: Heeþ ceW efoS ieS ÒeMveeW keÀes * kesÀ odJeeje oMee&³ee ie³ee nw~

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

10 

keÀ#ee meeleJeeR: efnboer megueYeYeejleer

10

                    Òemlegle keÀneveer ceW uesKekeÀ ves ³en yelee³ee nw efkeÀ mebkeÀì kesÀ mece³e Meebefle, SkeÀeûelee, Oew³e& Deewj SkeÀlee kesÀ meeLe keÀe³e& keÀjvee ®eeefnS~ Deeveve-HeÀeveve ceW MeerIe´lee mes (quickly) Deeyeeo yemee ngDee (settled) keÀuejJe Hebefí³eeW keÀer ceOegj OJeefve (chirp) keÌueeble LekeÀe ngDee (ennuied) Keefueneveer keÀìer HeÀmeue jKeves keÀe mLeeve (barn)efPePekeÀ mebkeÀes®e (hesitate) oerve-ogefve³ee mebmeej (world) efveHeì kesÀJeue, cee$e (merely) yensefue³ee Heef#e³eeW keÀe efMekeÀejer (fowler) yegnejvee mJe®í keÀjvee (besom) ³elve Òe³eeme (endeavour) ³egeqkeÌle lejkeÀerye (device) ncepeesueer meeLeer (friend)

1. DekeÌue keÀe Hellee Keesuevee - lejkeÀerye yeleevee~ 2. þiee-mee jnvee - ®eefkeÀle nesvee~ 3. legvekeÀkeÀj yeesuevee - ef®eæ{keÀj yeesuevee~ 1. Deble Yeuee lees meye Yeuee - HeefjCeece De®íe lees meye De®íe~ 2. SkeÀ Deewj SkeÀ i³eejn - SkeÀlee ceW yeue~ Òe.1. efjkeÌle mLeeveeW keÀer Hetefle& keÀerefpeS:   i. megyen Gþ ............. DeeBieve yegnejleeR~ ii. GvneR efoveeW ............. ef®eefæ[³ee ves Deb[s efoS~ iii. De®eevekeÀ ............. ngDee DeeBieve ceW~ iv.  ef®ebkeÀer mes leefvekeÀ ............. keÀjes~ Gllej: i.  oeoer ii. veeruet iii.  keÀuejJe iv. ³ee®evee

Heeþ Hej DeeOeeefjle ÒeMveesllejer

GodosM³e

Meyo JeeefìkeÀe

cegneJejs

keÀneJeleW

mebkeÀefuele cetu³eebkeÀve (Summative Assessment)

3. oeoer ceeB keÀe HeefjJeej-- jceekeÀeble `keÀeble'

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

11

Heeþ 3: oeoer ceeB keÀe HeefjJeej Òe.2. efvecveefueefKele Jeeke̳eeW kesÀ meeceves mener ³ee ieuele keÀe ef®endve ueieeFS:

i. SkeÀ íesìs-mes Iej ceW oeoer ceeB jnleer LeeR~    ii. oeoer ceeB keÀer meeefLeve ®egefn³ee keÀe veece efcebkeÀer Lee~  

  iii. ef®eæ[s-ef®eefæ[³eeB Heæ[esmeer kesÀ Iej oevee ®egieves peeles Les~   iv. oeoer ceeB ves meYeer keÀes SkeÀlee keÀe cenllJe mecePee³ee~ Gllej: i.    ii.    iii.    iv.  Òe.3. Gef®ele peesefæ[³eeB efceueeFS:

¬eÀ. De ye i.  yegnejleeR keÀ. ceervet ii.  oerve Ke. cegmeketÀ iii.  ìervet ie. meBJeejleeR iv.  ®egmeketÀ Ie. ogefve³ee

Gllej: (i - ie), (ii - Ie), (iii - keÀ), (iv - Ke)~ Òe.4. efkeÀmeves efkeÀmemes keÀne nw? i. ’yeme, Fleves ceW ner [j ieF&?“ ii. ’Kewefj³ele lees nw, ke̳ee ngDee Lee keÀepe? “ iii. ’ye®e peeSB, kegÀí Ssmee peleve keÀjW~“ iv. ’nce Deepeeo nes jns, Dene! ceewmeer, ®egmeketÀ-cegmeketÀ keÀes yegueeDees~“ Gllej: i. ³en Jeeke̳e ìervet ves cegvecegve mes keÀne~ ii. ³en Jeeke̳e oeoer ves veeruet mes keÀne~ iii. ³en Jeeke̳e veeruet ves oeoer mes keÀne~ iv. ³en Jeeke̳e ìervet-ceervet ves ef®ebkeÀer mes keÀne~ *Òe.5. Ieìvee kesÀ Devegmeej ¬eÀce ueieekeÀj efueefKeS: i. ef®ebkeÀer ves Yeer oes yesìeW keÀe GHenej efo³ee~ ii. SkeÀ meeLe Gæ[ves keÀes jnWies lew³eej~ iii. ìervet-ceervet, ®egmeketÀ-cegmeketÀ Kesueves ueies~ iv. Iej kesÀ DeeBieve ceW yejieo keÀe Hesæ[ Lee~ Gllej: i. Iej kesÀ DeeBieve ceW yejieo keÀe Hesæ[ Lee~ ii. ef®ebkeÀer ves Yeer oes yesìeW keÀe GHenej efo³ee~ iii. SkeÀ meeLe Gæ[ves keÀes jnWies lew³eej~ iv. ìervet-ceervet, ®egmeketÀ-cegmeketÀ Kesueves ueies~ Òe.6. SkeÀ Jeeke̳e ceW Gllej efueefKeS:   i. keÀewve HeÀue-HetÀue jns Les? Gllej: HeefjJeejpeve HeÀue-HetÀue jns Les~   ii. veeruet kesÀ ye®®eeW keÀe ke̳ee veece jKee ie³ee? Gllej: veeruet kesÀ ye®®eeW keÀe veece ìervet-ceervet jKee ie³ee~   iii. efkeÀmeves peeue mes cegkeÌle nesves keÀer ³egeqkeÌle mecePeeF&? Gllej: ìervet ves peeue mes cegkeÌle nesves keÀer ³egeqkeÌle mecePeeF&~ iv. meyeves SkeÀ meeLe ke̳ee keÀne? Gllej: meyeves SkeÀ meeLe keÀne `Deble Yeuee lees meye Yeuee'~

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

12 

keÀ#ee meeleJeeR: efnboer megueYeYeejleer

12

*Òe.7. SkeÀ-oes Jeeke̳eeW ceW Gllej efueefKeS: i. oeoer ceeB megyen GþkeÀj ke̳ee keÀjleeR? Gllej: oeoer ceeB megyen GþkeÀj Iej yegnejleeR - meBJeejleer, DeeBieve ceW Deemeve jKeleeR, Keevee yeveeleeR, KeeleeR, HeefjJeepeveeW mes yeeleW keÀjleeR

Deewj jele nesles ner mees peeleeR~   ii. ef®eefæ[³ee keÀneB jnleer Leer? Gllej: ef®eefæ[³ee Iej kesÀ DeeBieve ceW yejieo kesÀ Hesæ[ Hej yeves IeeWmeues ceW jnleer Leer~   iii.  yensefue³ee keÀye þiee-mee jn ie³ee? Gllej: yensefueS ves peye peeue ceW HeBÀmes meYeer Hebefí³eeW keÀes SkeÀ meeLe peeue meefnle Gæ[les osKee leye Jen þiee-mee jn ie³ee~ iv.  ®egmeketÀ-cegmeketÀ ves efkeÀmemes peeue keÀeìe? Gllej: ®egmeketÀ-cegmeketÀ ves DeHeves Hewves oeBleeW mes peeue keÀeìe~ Gllej: mebkeÀì kesÀ mece³e nceW Ieyejevee veneR ®eeefnS, yeefukeÀ Oew³e& SJeb SkeÀlee mes GmekeÀe meecevee keÀjvee ®eeefnS ke̳eeWefkeÀ mebieþve ceW ner MeefkeÌle

nesleer nw~ SkeÀ meeLe efceuekeÀj keÀe³e& keÀjves mes peerJeve ceW DeeF& nj cegmeeryele mes nce Deemeeveer mes efveHeì mekeÀles nQ~  

Òe.1. efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesÀ meceeveeLeea Meyo efueefKeS: i. veeræ[ =  .............    ii. mensueer =  ............. iii. ®eejHeeF& =  .............  iv. leekeÀle =  ............. Gllej: i. IeeWmeuee ii. meeefLeve iii. Keefì³ee iv. MeeqkeÌle Òe.2. efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesÀ efJe©odOeeLeea Meyo efueefKeS: i. megKeer   .............    ii. peerle   ............. iii. efvejeMee   .............  iv. DeMeeble   ............. Gllej: i. ogKeer ii. nej iii. DeeMee iv. Meeble Òe.3. efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesÀ Je®eve yeouekeÀj Jeeke̳e ceW Òe³eesie keÀjkesÀ efueKees: (Yee<ee keÀer Deesj, Hee. Heg. He=. ¬eÀ. 8) i. Lewefue³eeB ‐ ............. ii. HebKee ‐  .............    iii. oerJeej ‐  ............. iv. jepee ‐ ............. v. JemlegSB ‐  ............. vi. Yesefæ[³ee ‐  .............    vii. yent ‐  ............. viii. jesìer ‐  ............. Gllej: i. Lewueer ‐ Hee@efueLeerve keÀer Lewueer keÀe Òe³eesie veneR keÀjvee ®eeefnS~ ii. HebKes ‐ DeeJeM³ekeÀlee ve nesves Hej HebKes yebo jKekeÀj nceW efyepeueer keÀer ye®ele keÀjveer ®eeefnS~ iii. oerJeejW ‐  ceesvee kesÀ Iej keÀer oerJeejW yengle ner TB®eer nQ~ iv. jepee ‐  DeHeveer Òepee keÀer j#ee keÀjvee Òel³eskeÀ jepee keÀe keÀle&J³e neslee nw~ v. Jemleg ‐  Depe³e ves DeHeveer keÀerceleer Jemleg meBYeeuekeÀj jKeer~ vi. Yesefæ[S ‐  pebieue ceW Yesefæ[S oue yeveekeÀj efMekeÀej keÀjles nQ~ vii. yengSB ‐  jeOee ®ee®eer keÀer yengSB yengle ner mJeeefo<ì Keevee yeveeleer nQ~ viii. jesefì³eeB ‐  leeje ves DeHeveer ceeB mes ieesue-ieesue jesefì³eeB yeveevee meerKe efue³ee nw~

Meyo%eeve Je J³eekeÀjCe

ceQves mecePee 

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

13

Heeþ 3: oeoer ceeB keÀe HeefjJeej

Òe.4. efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesÀ efuebie yeouekeÀj efueefKeS: i. oeoe ‐  .............    ii. ef®eæ[e ‐  ............. iii. ®etne ‐  ............. iv. ceewmee ‐  ............. Gllej: i. oeoer ii. ef®eefæ[³ee iii. ®egefn³ee iv. ceewmeer Òe.5. efvecveefueefKele cegneJejeW kesÀ DeLe& efueKekeÀj Jeeke̳eeW ceW Òe³eesie keÀerefpeS: i. legvekeÀkeÀj yeesuevee ii. DekeÌue keÀe Hellee Keesuevee iii. þiee-mee jnvee Gllej: i. legvekeÀkeÀj yeesuevee - ef®eæ{keÀj yeesuevee~ Jeeke̳e: ceesnve keÀer oeoer keÀes peye Yeer iegmmee Deelee nw leye Jen legvekeÀkeÀj yeesueleer nQ~ ii. DekeÌue keÀe Hellee Keesuevee - lejkeÀerye yeleevee~ Jeeke̳e: KejieesMe ves efveo&³eer Mesj mes meYeer peeveJejeW keÀes ígìkeÀeje efoueeves kesÀ efueS DeHeveer DekeÌue keÀe Hellee Keesuee~   iii. þiee-mee jnvee - ®eefkeÀle nesvee~ Jeeke̳e: ie[d{s ceW HeBÀmes neLeer keÀes peye GmekesÀ Pegb[ kesÀ meeefLe³eeW ves metBæ[ mes KeeR®ekeÀj yeenj efvekeÀeuee leye ³en ¢M³e osKekeÀj efMekeÀejer

þiee-mee jn ie³ee~ Òe.6. efvecveefueefKele keÀneJeleeW kesÀ DeLe& efueKekeÀj Jeeke̳eeW ceW Òe³eesie keÀerefpeS: i. SkeÀ Deewj SkeÀ i³eejn ii. Deble Yeuee lees meye Yeuee Gllej: i. SkeÀ Deewj SkeÀ i³eejn - SkeÀlee ceW yeue~ Jeeke̳e:IeveM³eece DeHeves Heg$eeW keÀes efceue-peguekeÀj jnves keÀer efMe#ee osles nQ Deewj keÀnles nQ efkeÀ peerJeve ceW mebieþve keÀe cenllJe yengle DeefOekeÀ

neslee nw~ SkeÀlee ceW Del³eefOekeÀ yeue neslee nw ke̳eeWefkeÀ SkeÀ Deewj SkeÀ i³eejn nesles nQ~ ii. Deble Yeuee lees meye Yeuee - HeefjCeece De®íe lees meye De®íe~ Jeeke̳e:meesnve ves peye ve³ee keÀe³e& DeejbYe efkeÀ³ee leye Meg©Deele ceW DeveskeÀ efJeIve DeeS Hejbleg keÀe³e& keÀer meceeeqHle ueeYeoe³ekeÀ nes ieF&~ Dele:

Deble Yeuee lees meye Yeuee~ Òe.7. efvecveefueefKele ue³eelcekeÀ MeyoeW mes veS Meyo yeveekeÀj Jeeke̳e yeveeFS: (Hee. Heg. He=. ¬eÀ. 6) i. ef®ebef®eb³eeleer - yeefle³eeleer ii. Goeme - Deeme iii. ®eej - Hemeej iv. peeue - lelkeÀeue v. ueeF& - ogneF& Gllej: i. efceefce³eeleer - efKeueeleer Jeeke̳e: jeOee keÀer yekeÀjer peye Yeer efceefce³eeleer nw leye jeOee Gmes Ieeme efKeueelee r nw~ ii. efieueeme - H³eeme Jeeke̳e: H³eemes jesnve ves SkeÀ efieueeme Heeveer HeerkeÀj DeHeveer H³eeme yegPeeF&~ iii. Heej - keÀleej Jeeke̳e: meæ[keÀ kesÀ Gme Heej jeMeve Kejeroves JeeueeW keÀer uebyeer keÀleej ueieer Leer~ iv. meeue - DekeÀeue Jeeke̳e: kegÀí meeue Henues keÀce Je<ee& nesves kesÀ keÀejCe DekeÀeue keÀer efmLeefle GlHevve nes ieF& Leer~ v. keÀìeF& - yegJeeF& Jeeke̳e: efkeÀmeeve SkeÀ HeÀmeue keÀer keÀìeF& keÀjves kesÀ yeeo efHeÀj mes Gmeer Kesle ceW yeerpe [euekeÀj otmejer HeÀmeue keÀer yegJeeF& keÀe keÀe³e& keÀjlee nw~

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

14 

keÀ#ee meeleJeeR: efnboer megueYeYeejleer

14

Òe.8. efvecveefueefKele OJev³eelcekeÀ MeyoeW keÀes osefKeS leLee FvekesÀ pewmes ®eej Dev³e OJev³eelcekeÀ Meyo efueefKeS: (Hee. Heg. He=. ¬eÀ. 6) keÀue-keÀue, ìHe-ìHe Gllej: íce-íce, {ce-{ce, efìkeÀ-efìkeÀ, efYeve-efYeve   Gllej: Òeeke=ÀeflekeÀ mebmeeOeve Ssmeer Decetu³e mebHeoe nw, pees nceW meerOes Òeke=Àefle mes efceueleer nw~ He=LJeer Hej jnves Jeeues meYeer peerJe DeHeves peerefJekeÀesHeepe&ve

kesÀ efueS Fve Òeeke=ÀeflekeÀ mebmeeOeveeW keÀe GHe³eesie keÀj jns nQ~ FveceW peue, Jeve Deeefo Meeefceue nQ~ peue meYeer peerJeeW kesÀ peerJeve kesÀ efueS Del³eble DeeJeM³ekeÀ nw~ ceveg<³e efyevee Yeespeve kesÀ lees 10 mes 15 efoveeW lekeÀ peer mekeÀlee nw, uesefkeÀve efyevee peue kesÀ Jen 3 mes 4 efove mes p³eeoe veneR peer mekeÀlee~ ceveg<³e kesÀ meeLe-meeLe meYeer ÒeeefCe³eeW Je JevemHeefle³eeW keÀe peerJeve Yeer peue Hej ner efveYe&j nw~ peue veneR nesiee lees Hesæ[ yeæ[s veneR nes HeeSBies Deewj metKe peeSBies, efpememes Fve Hesæ[eW mes Yeespeve ûenCe keÀjves Jeeues peeveJej Yeer cej peeSBies~ Hesæ[ veneR neWies lees Jeve Yeer meceeHle nes peeSBies Deewj Fve JeveeW ceW jnves Jeeues ÒeeCeer yesIej nes peeSBies~ efyevee Yeespeve Deewj peue kesÀ FvekeÀe DeefmlelJe ner meceeHle nes peeSiee~ Hesæ[eW kesÀ ve<ì nesves mes ceveg<³e keÀes meeBme uesves kesÀ efueS MegodOe nJee ³eeefve efkeÀ Dee@keÌmeerpeve, Yeespeve kesÀ efueS HeÀue-meypeer, Iej yeveeves kesÀ efueS uekeÀefæ[³eeB, GHe®eej kesÀ efueS Deew<eefOe Deeefo ®eerpeW Yeer veneR efceue HeeSBieer Deewj Fve ®eerpeeW kesÀ ve efceueves mes ceveg<³e keÀe Mejerj Oeerjs-Oeerjs keÀcepeesj neslee peeSiee Deewj SkeÀ efove GmekeÀer ce=l³eg nes peeSieer~ ceveg<³e, ÒeeCeer SJeb JevemHeefle Fve meyekeÀe peerJeve Òeeke=ÀeflekeÀ mebmeeOeveeW Hej efveYe&j nw Deewj ³eefo He=LJeer mes Òeeke=ÀeflekeÀ mebmeeOeve meceeHle nes peeSB lees ³eneB Hej efkeÀmeer kesÀ Yeer peerJeve keÀer keÀuHevee lekeÀ veneR keÀer pee mekeÀleer~

 

Gllej: efveoxMe efJeod³eeLeea DeHeves megves ngS ®egìkeÀues Deewj nem³e ÒemebieeW keÀes Hegve:mcejCe keÀjkesÀ keÀ#ee ceW megveeSB~    Gllej: efMeJeeveer keÀer efyeuueer jeceieæ{ kesÀ mebiece cegnuues ceW SkeÀ ueæ[keÀer jnleer Leer~ GmekeÀe veece efMeJeeveer Lee~ efMeJeeveer meeleJeeR keÀ#ee keÀer efJeod³eeLeea Leer~ kegÀí

ner efoveeW ceW GmekeÀer Jeeef<e&keÀ Hejer#ee Megª nesves Jeeueer Leer FmeefueS Jen jespe Meece keÀes DeHeveer mensueer ceesvee kesÀ Iej Heæ{eF& keÀjves peeves ueieer~ SkeÀ efove Heæ{eF& keÀjles-keÀjles oesveeW keÀes mece³e keÀe Helee ner veneR ®euee~ peye GvneWves Ieæ[er osKeer lees jele kesÀ 9.30 yepe jns Les~ efMeJeeveer ves DeHeveer HegmlekeÀ neLe ceW ueer Deewj ceesvee mes efJeoe uesles ngS pewmes ner Jen Iej mes yeenj efvekeÀueer De®eevekeÀ peesj mes efyepeueer keÀæ[keÀves ueieer~ efMeJeeveer peuoer-peuoer keÀoce yeæ{ekeÀj ®eueves ueieer~ Jen DeeOes jemles lekeÀ ner HengB®eer Leer leye lekeÀ lespe Heeveer yejmeves ueiee~ Gmeves Heeme keÀer ogkeÀeve mes SkeÀ Lewueer Kejeroer Deewj DeHeveer HegmlekeÀ keÀes Yeerieves mes ye®ee efue³ee~ Jen JeneR Keæ[er neskeÀj yeeefjMe kesÀ ©keÀves keÀe Fblepeej keÀj jner Leer, leye Gmes ³eeo Dee³ee efkeÀ keÀue lees jeKeer keÀe l³eesnej nw Deewj Gmes l³eesnej keÀer lew³eejer Yeer keÀjveer Leer~

DeekeÀeefjkeÀ cetu³eebkeÀve (Formative Assessment)

peje mees®ees ... yeleeDees 

megves ngS ®egìkeÀues, nem³e ÒemebieeW keÀes Hegve:mcejCe keÀjkesÀ megveeDees~

³eefo Òeeke=ÀeflekeÀ mebmeeOeve meceeHle nes peeSB lees ... pewmes peue, Jeve Deeefo~

megvees lees peje

cesjer keÀuece mes 

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesÀ DeeOeej Hej SkeÀ keÀneveer efueKees: Heeveer, HegmlekeÀ, efyeuueer, jeKeer~

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

15

Heeþ 3: oeoer ceeB keÀe HeefjJeej

³en meye mees®eles-mees®eles De®eevekeÀ GmekeÀer vepej SkeÀ efyeuueer Hej Heæ[er, pees Heeveer ceW Hetjer lejn YeeriekeÀj keÀeBHe jner Leer~ efMeJeeveer ves peye Gmes osKee lees Gmes Gme efyeuueer Hej o³ee Dee ieF&~ Gmeves Gme efyeuueer keÀes DeHeves neLe ceW Gþe efue³ee~ Deye yeeefjMe Yeer yebo nes ieF& Leer~ efMeJeeveer Iej kesÀ efueS efvekeÀue Heæ[er~ Iej HengB®eles ner Gmeves efyeuueer keÀes metKes keÀHeæ[s mes Heesíe Deewj otOe efHeuee³ee~ efyeuueer otOe HeerkeÀj Leesæ[er mJemLe efoKeves ueieer~ efMeJeeveer ves Gmes DeHeves keÀcejs kesÀ SkeÀ keÀesves ceW íesìe-mee efyemlej ueieekeÀj meguee efo³ee Deewj efHeÀj Jen neLe-cegBn OeeskeÀj Keevee Keeves ®eueer ieF&~ ceeB-HeeHee ves GmekesÀ Fme keÀe³e& kesÀ efueS Gmes MeeyeeMeer oer~

megyen peye Jen meeskeÀj Gþer lees Gmeves osKee efkeÀ efyeuueer SkeÀoce mJemLe nes ieF& nw~ efMeJeeveer peuoer-peuoer lew³eej neskeÀj DeHeves YeeF& keÀes jeKeer yeeBOeleer nw Deewj efceþeF& efKeueeleer nw~ GmekeÀe YeeF& Gmes {sj meejs leesnHesÀ oslee nw, efpemes osKekeÀj Jen KegMe nes peeleer nw~ jeKeer kesÀ l³eesnej Hej Fme efyeuueer keÀes efceues veS peerJeve Jepen mes efMeJeeveer efyeuueer keÀe veece jeKeer jKe osleer nw Deewj GmekesÀ meeLe nBmeer-KegMeer Kesueves ueieleer nw~ Deye oesveeW oesmle yevekeÀj meeLe jnves ueies~

Gllej: i.  jep³e keÀe veece : ceneje<ì ̂ DeYe³eejC³e keÀe veece : mebpe³e ieebOeer je<ì^er³e God³eeve efJeMes<eleeSB : ³en God³eeve ceneje<ì^ keÀer jepeOeeveer cegbyeF& kesÀ Gllejer Yeeie ceW efmLele nw~ God³eeve ueieYeie

104 Jeie& efkeÀueesceerìj lekeÀ HewÀuee ngDee nw~ Fme God³eeve ceW oes cegK³e peueeMe³e nQ, efpevekesÀ Deeme-Heeme Ieefæ[³eeue Deewj HeeFLeve meeBHeeW keÀe efveJeeme nw~ Fme Heeke&À kesÀ pebieueeW ceW Mesj, yeeIe, ®eceieeoæ[, ceeGme [er³ej, yeesvesì ceskeÀekeÀ, efjmeme ceskeÀekeÀ Je nvegceeve uebietj Deeefo Yeer osKeves keÀes efceueles nQ~

ii.  jep³e keÀe veece : kesÀjue DeYe³eejC³e keÀe veece : Hesefj³ee Jev³e peerJe DeYe³eejC³e efJeMes<eleeSB : ³en je<ì^er³e God³eeve SkeÀ yeeIe mebjef#ele #es$e nw~ ³eneB veoer kesÀ ienjs peue ceW neLeer lewjves keÀe

DeY³eeme keÀjles nQ~ veerueiee³e, meebYeej, Yeeuet, ®eerlee leLee leWogDee Deeefo pebieueer peeveJej Yeer ³eneB HeeS peeles nQ~

Gllej: meble legkeÀejece odJeeje cejeþer ceW efueKeer ieF& j®evee keÀer ³en HebeqkeÌle Je=#eeW kesÀ cenllJe keÀes oMee&leer nw~ Fme HebeqkeÌle kesÀ Devegmeej Je=#e Oejleer

Hej nceejs Hejce efce$e nQ~ efyevee Je=#eeW kesÀ nce peer veneR mekeÀles~ nce Je=#eeW keÀes Leesæ[er-meer peien Deewj Leesæ[e-mee Heeveer osles nQ Deewj Jes nceW efpeboieer kesÀ meeLe-meeLe yengle kegÀí osles nQ~ Je=#e mes efceueves Jeeueer íe³ee ceW yewþkeÀj J³eeqkeÌle keÀes megKe keÀer DevegYetefle nesleer nw~ Je=#e He³ee&JejCe kesÀ meblegueve keÀes yeveeS jKeves ceW mene³ekeÀ nesles nQ~ Fvemes nceW HeÀue, meeqype³eeB, Deew<eefOe, uekeÀæ[er Deeefo ®eerpeW ÒeeHle nesleer nQ~ He#eer Yeer DeHevee yemesje Fve Je=#eeW Hej yeveeles nQ Deewj FvekesÀ jmeerues HeÀue KeekeÀj DeHevee Hesì Yejles nQ~ Dele: efpeme ÒekeÀej Je=#e efyevee mJeeLe& kesÀ DeHeveer efce$elee efveYeeles nQ Jewmes ner J³eeqkeÌle keÀes Yeer DeHeves efce$e Je=#e keÀer j#ee keÀjkesÀ DeHeveer efce$elee efveYeeveer ®eeefnS~

DeO³e³eve keÀewMeue

efJe®eej cebLeve 

~~ Je=#eJeuueer Deecneb mees³ejs Jeve®ejs ~~

DeYe³eejC³e keÀe veecejep³e keÀe veece efJeMes<eleeSB

DeHeves Deewj efkeÀmeer Heæ[esmeer jep³e kesÀ je<ì^er³e DeYe³eejC³eeW keÀer MeemekeÀer³e Jeeref[³ees eqkeÌueHme, efHeÀucme Deeefo osKekeÀj JeieeakeÀjCe keÀjes SJeb efìHHeCeer yeveeDees:

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

16 

keÀ#ee meeleJeeR: efnboer megueYeYeejleer

16

Gllej: mJeeceer efJeJeskeÀevebo ves DecesefjkeÀe kesÀ efMekeÀeiees ceW 11 efmelebyej, 1893 keÀes Dee³eesefpele efJeMJe Oece& meccesueve ceW pees Yee<eCe efo³ee Lee, GmeceW

GvneWves keÀne Lee, ’ceQ SkeÀ Ssmes Oece& keÀe Deveg³ee³eer nesves ceW ieJe& keÀe DevegYeJe keÀjlee ntB, efpemeves mebmeej keÀes meefn<Ceglee leLee meeJe&Yeewce mJeerke=Àle oesveeW keÀer ner efMe#ee oer nw~ nce ueesie meye OeceeX kesÀ Òeefle kesÀJeue meefn<Ceglee ceW ner efJeMJeeme veneR keÀjles Jejve mecemle OeceeX keÀes me®®ee ceevekeÀj mJeerkeÀej keÀjles nQ~ cegPes Ssmes osMe keÀe J³eeqkeÌle nesves keÀe DeefYeceeve nw efpemeves Fme He=LJeer kesÀ mecemle OeceeX Deewj osMeeW kesÀ GlHeerefæ[leeW Deewj MejCeeefLe&³eeW keÀes DeeÞe³e efo³ee nw~“

 

meowJe O³eeve ceW jKees

Jee®eve peiele mes 

mJeeceer efJeJeskeÀevebo keÀe keÀesF& Yee<eCe Heæ{es Deewj ÒecegKe Jeeke̳e yeleeDees~

mebieþve ceW ner MeeqkeÌle nw, Fmes peerJeve ceW Gleejes~

SAMPLE C

ONTENT