STAY CLEAN Kaltham Al-Kuwari

Science

7D

BACTERIA Bacteria are tiny living beings (microorganisms) - they

are neither plants nor animals - they belong to a group all by themselves. Bacteria are tiny single-cell microorganisms, usually a few micrometers in length

that normally exist together in millions.

Bacteria can be found in:• Soil

• Radioactive waste• Water• Plants• Animals

• Deep in the earth's crust• Organic material• Arctic ice• Glaciers• Hot springs

• The stratosphere (between 6 to 30 miles up in the atmosphere)

• Ocean depths - they have been found deep in ocean canyons and trenches over 32,800 feet (10,000 meters)

deep.

They live in total darkness by thermal vents at incredible pressure. They make their own food by oxidizing sulfur

that oozes from deep inside the earth.

CONDITIONS BACTERIA GROW IN

Bacteria are everywhere. Most bacteria are useful like those used in the production of yogurt, cheese and sourdough bread, but some are very harmful. These harmful bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria; that is they make people sick. Although, they can be

found in:

• Food• Acidity• Temperature• Time• Oxygen• Moisture

VIRUSES

Viruses are too small to be seen by the naked eye. They can't multiply on their own, so they have to invade a 'host' cell and take over it in order to

be able to make more virus particles.

Infections with viruses and bacteria spread by:

• A person with a cold can spread the infection by coughing and/or sneezing.

• Touching or shaking hands with another person.• Touching food with dirty hands will also allow viruses or bacteria from

the intestine to spread.• Body fluids, such a blood, saliva and semen, can contain the infecting

organisms of such fluids, for example by injection or sexual contact.

UNDER THE MICROSCOPE

AVOID VIRUSES AND BACTERIA

• Wash your hands thoroughly (often one of the best ways to avoid catching a cold).

• Shaking hands with someone who has a cold is risky, so avoid rubbing your eyes or nose afterwards.

• Food should be cooked or cooled down as quickly as possible.

• Vegetables and meat must be stored separately and prepared on separate chopping boards.

• Meat should preferably be served well-done.• Remember that food with these invisible organisms

does not necessarily smell bad.

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.preparednesspro.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/SafetecHandSanitizer-photo-co-westernsafety-com.jpg

 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157973.php

 http://www.bevpease.force9.co.uk/p.Bacteria_files/image002.gif

 http://www.bbq-brethren.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-17929.html

 http://blog.hailmerry.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Bacteria.jpg

 http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/virusbacteria.htm

 http://cdn.medgadget.com/img/76546bac.jpg

 http://www.foxnews.com/images/339466/4_61_bacteria_e_coli.jpg

 http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/3731224/2/stock-photo-3731224-bacteria-under-microscope.jpg

 http://www.bacteriamicroscopes.com/images/bacteria1.jpg

 http://weboflife.nasa.gov/images/blustein3.jpg