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Nutrition status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s Perspective UNICEF Vietnam 

status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

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Page 1: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

Nutrition status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s Perspective 

UNICEF Vietnam 

Page 2: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

Outline‐ Data system to track nutrition outcomes in Viet Nam‐ Overview nutrition landscape of women and children (MICS4 and MICS5)‐ Bottlenecks analysis of high stunting

Enabling environment Supply Quality  Demand

‐ UNICEF priority interventions  National Subnational  Annex: North Uplands and Mountainous and Lao Cai

Page 3: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

National nutrition surveillance system (NNSS) and MICSNational

Wide

Commune 1

Province 2

Province 1

.. Province 63

Commune 2

Village 3

… Commune 30

Village 2Village 1

…Child 17Child 2Child 1

Sampling cover all 

63 provinces 

30 clusters per province, 

1530 children under 5

Total sample size ~ 99,450

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‐ Anthropometric‐ Nutrition services coverage‐ IYCF practices

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Page 6: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

Data system 

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Page 8: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

Overview  Child Stunting: ‐ Disparities ‐ Gender ‐ Ethnicity Micronutrient deficiencies: ‐ Iron deficiency anemia  ‐ Vitamin A  ‐ Iodine

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Trend of malnutrition in Viet Nam 

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Cam Pu Chia

Tr- êng Sa

Hoµng SaTh¸ i Lan

Lµo

Trung Quèc

An Giang

B¾c K¹ n

B¹ c Liª u

B¾c Ninh

B×nh D- ¬ng

BÕn Tre

B¾c Giang

B×nh § Þnh

B×nh Ph- í c

Bµ RÞa Vòng Tµu

B×nh ThuËn

Cµ Mau

Cao B»ng

TP. § µ N½ng

§ ång Nai

§ ång Th¸ p

Gia Lai

Hµ Giang

Hai DuongTP. H¶i Phßng

Hµ NamHoµ B×nh

H- ng Yª n

Kiª n Giang

Kh¸ nh Hoµ

L©m § ång

L¹ ng S¬n

Long An

NghÖ An

Ninh ThuËn

Phó Thä

Phó Yª n

Qu¶ng B×nh

Qu¶ng Nam

Qu¶ng Ng· i

Sãc Tr¨ ng

Th¸ i Nguyª n

T©y Ninh

TiÒn Giang

Th¸ i B×nh

TP. Hå ChÝ Minh

Tuyª n Quang

Trµ Vinh

VÜnh Long

VÜnh Phóc

Yª n B¸ i

Ninh B×nhNam § Þnh

Thõa Thiª n- HuÕ

Kon Tum

Hµ TÜnh

Thanh Ho¸

S¬n La

Lµo Cai

Qu¶ng Ninh

Qu¶ng TrÞ

HËu Giang

CÇn Th¬

§ ¾k L¾k

§ ¾k N«ng

Lai Ch©u

§ iÖn Biª n

TP. Hµ Néi

Tû lÖ SDD thÊp cßiGSDD 2010

40 - 45 (2)35 - 40 (8)30 - 35 (21)25 - 30 (27)20 - 25 (3)15 - 20 (1)5 - 10 (1)

29.3

25.5

33.7

31.4

35.2

19.2

28.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Nation Red River Delta Nothern midlands and

mountain areas

North Central area and Central

coastal area

Central Highland Southeast Mekong River Delta

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Ecological Zones

Child stunting by regions

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10

19.6

4.9

22

40.9

1.7

11.7

22.7

4.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Under weight Stunting Over weight

Nutrition status of children under 5 by ethnic groups  

Kinh ‐Hoa Ethnic Minority General

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Stunting by boy and girls 

12

22.6

29.7 29.8

32.4

32.5 32.4

32.9 32.5

33.1

11.2

22.2

27.9 28.9

32 32.1 32.2 31.831.2

32.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 - 5 6-11 12-17 18-23 24-29 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59

Perc

enta

ge

Age in months

Boy Girl

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Nutrition status of children in Ban Pho and Thao Chu Phin communes, Lao Cai 2014

20.7

29.2

24.2

26.0

17.5

59.2

73.3

64.9

40.7

29.3

2.6

2.1

2.4

7.1

7.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Banpho

Thaochuphin

2 communes

Laocai

National

WastingStuntingUnderweight

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Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)

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1995 2000 2008

45.2

52.7

40.236.6

33

26.829.2

36.5

28.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60Tỷ

lệ th

iếu

máu

(%)

TE<5t Có thai Ko Thai

Status of anemia in Viet Nam 

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45.3 44.4

27.5

17.414.2

29.2

05

101520253035404550

Tỷ lệ

%

<12 th

12-23th

24-35th

36-47th

48-59

th

Chung

Anemia among under 5 children ‐ ‐ 2008

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Fig.3.8: Prevalence of low serum vitamin A in children by age groups

43

33.6

27.1 25.922.7

29.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

.6-12 .12-24 .24-36 .36-48 .48-59 .6-59Age groups (month)

%

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Percentage of household using adequate iodised salt 

2 4 . 9

3 3 . 4

6 1 . 2

7 2 . 87 7 . 6

8 2 . 5

9 2 . 8

6 9 . 5

4 5 . 1

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 8 /9 2 0 1 1

%of

hous

eholds

R e f : N a o n a l ID D S u rv e y s a n d M u l p le C lu s t e r In d ic a t o r S u rv e y in 2 0 1 1

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Page 21: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

Child feeding practices Indicators  MICS 2011 (%) Mics 2014 (%)

1 Children ever breastfed  98.0 96.9

2 Early initiation of breastfeeding 39.7 26.53 Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months 17 24.34 Predominant breastfeeding under 6 months 43.3 49.05 Continued breastfeeding at 1 year 73.9 65.66 Continued breastfeeding at 2 years 19.4 21.87 Median duration of breastfeeding 16.7 15.88 Introduction of solid, semisolid or soft foods 50.4 90.79 Minimum meal frequency  58.5 90.510 Minimum dietary diversity  x 76.911 Minimum acceptable diet  33.5 62.412 Bottle feeding Percentage of children age 0‐23 

months 38.7 44.1

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Complementary feeding practicesSources: National Nutrition survey 2010 and others

Early complementary feeding (70‐80 % before the month 6th),especially  serious in mountainous areas

Just 30‐40% receive meats daily Just 20‐50 % receive 3‐5 times a week Just 10‐15% has not been fed meat  2% child care givers washing hand before preparing food for children 

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Dietary intakes among young children (average data)National nutrition survey 2010

Foods intakes: Vegetable:  (0.6g/child/day): very low  Animal protein: (10‐15gr/child/day): still low, especially in the mountainous and mid‐land and central high lands 

Nutrient intakes: Calorie: 1143 Kcal, = 98 % RDA (in average)  Iron =6.5 mcg/child/day (a haft of demand)  Retinol (135‐252 mcg) with lowest in mountainous )  

Page 24: status of women and children in Viet Nam –Intervention’s...Cam Pu Chia Tr-êng Sa Hoµng Sa Th¸ i Lan Lµo Trung Quèc An Giang B¾c K¹ n B¹ c Liª u B¾c Ninh B×nh D-¬ng

Bottleneck analysis Enabling Environment

Social norm not supportive optimal feeding ‐Belief of “Insufficient milk” ‐Belief of   water needed –‐Belief that a child need introduce rice, solid food early  

Health insurance Law not cover essential nutrition services  Labor code not allow 6 months maternity leave Availability of formula – advertising – poor law  enforcement   Decree on USI is not a mandatory General poor knowledge of child care givers in certain group of population 

Lack financial support of government for health network at grass –root level to maintain commitment of village health workers  

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Supply

Limit availability of essential commodities for complementary feeding programme (MMN, RUFT for SAM and MAM,IFS, Zincs)

Limit of local services to support optimal local food processing for child meals for child care giver to use (counseling, services of processing local food for young child..)

Limit of agriculture services to promote home gardening and food supply at household levels for family and children

Limit access to adequately staffed services, facilities and information related to Infant and young child feeding  

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Quality

Poor quality of ANC services at commune health centers and essential services related to nutrition (delayed Code clamping*;  supports in initial breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth)

Poor health nutrition counseling,  Low compliance of with recommendation  for maternal  nutrition and infant and young child feeding. 

Limited knowledge & skills of health providers at commune and village levels

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Demands

Limited general knowledge of child care givers and poor demand of local care giver to child health status 

Poor household incomes and hard work limits  time spending for  child  feeding and expectation

Animal food, vegetable believed unsuitable for children under 1 year

Washing hand with soup believed not to be favorable before preparing food for young child 

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Main objectives of National Nutrition Strategy, 2011‐2020 

‐ Reduce stunting rate among under five children to 26% by 2015 and 23% by 2020

‐ Reduce underweight among under five children to 15% by 2015 and 12,5% by 2020

‐ Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding rate for six months to 27% by 2015 and 35% by 2020

Window of opportunity for interventions: 1000 days from conception, through pregnancy until the child is 24 months old. 

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Public Nutrition Solutions Limited

Essential Nutrition Interventions for Viet NamEvidence-based interventions, Lancet Nutrition series

Maternal and birth outcomes● Iron folate supplementation● Multiple micronutrient 

supplementation● Maternal iodine through iodized 

salt● Interventions to reduce tobacco 

consumption● Maternal deworming in pregnancy

Newborn babies● Promotion of breastfeeding● Delayed cord clamping Agriculture sensitive intervention

Infants and children● Promotion of breastfeeding  ● BCC  for improved complementary 

feeding● Zinc in management of diarrhoea● Vitamin A supplementation● Universal salt iodization● Handwashing or hygiene 

interventions● Treatment of severe acute 

malnutrition● Deworming● Iron fortification and 

supplementation programmes

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National and sub‐national implementation

National: Policy advice and advocacy Capacity development  Knowledge generation

Sub‐national: Capacity development and systems strengthening to address bottlenecks and apply innovative models for stunting reduction

Scientific evidence and documentation for scaling up. Communication for development for behavioral and social change

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Key ActorsNational Assembly

MPs and Committees

Institute of Legislative Studies

Government Agencies 

Ministry of Health

MOLISA

Viet Nam Social Security

VN General Confederation 

for Labor

National Institute of Nutrition

Mass Organizations & Associations

Viet Nam Women’s Union

VN General Confederation 

for Labor

Medical Associations

Multi‐lateral / INGOs

UNICEF

WHO

Alive & Thrive

Media

TV

Print

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Experience on Joint Programme: food security and nutrition, 2011‐2013 (FAO/UNICEF/WHO)

Results: • Successful advocacy for policy changes: extension of Maternity 

leave to 6 months in Labor Code; Ban of  Advertisement of Breastmilk Substitutes for children in the Law on Advertisement 

key for IYCF practices    • Modelling of new and high impact interventions          for scaling up  

by national nutrition programme (IYCF, IMAM, SMA)• National Surveillance System & Nutrition profiles          to monitor 

programme outputs and planning Gaps: Agriculture –Health cooperation: • Combination but not yet integration: poor joint planning (different 

project locations, lack of linkage /mainstreaming of the interventions for results delivery in a location)  

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Integration of home gardening and improvement of child feeding practices at house hold and community

in Lao Cai (SMDG‐JP) 

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Foods in local markets 

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Utensils for food processing 

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Thank you for attention!