Status of the Geoscience Workforce

Status of the Geoscience Workforce

2009

Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009

Chapter 1: K-12 through Community College

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1990 1996 2000 2002 2004

Percent of Grade 7-8 StudentsTaking Selected Science Courses

(1990-2004)

General Science

Life Science

Earth Science

Physical Science

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AR CA ID IN LA MN MO MS ND NE NM OH OK SD TX UT WI WV

Percent of Grade 9 Students Enrolled in Earth Science(1996-2004)

1996-1997

1997-1998

1999-2000

2003-2004

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's National Status Report on K-12 Earth Science Education, 2002, 2007

Note: Only states that reported values for all time periods are shown.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1982 1987 1990 1994 1998 2000 2005

Percentage of U.S. High School Graduates Taking Science Courses in High School

(1982-2005)

Biology (1 yr) Chemistry (1 yr)

Physics (1 yr) Geology / Earth Science (1 semester)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NCES, Digest of Education Statistics, 2007

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

1990 2000 2002 2004 2006

Number of U.S. High School Science Teachers (1990-2006)

Biology

Chemistry

Physics

Earth Science

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1990-2000 2000-2002 2002-2004 2004-2006 1990-2006

Percent Change in U.S. High School Science Teachers(1990-2006)

Biology

Chemistry

Physics

Earth Science

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001,2003, 2005, 2007

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Percent of High School Teachers Certified in Assigned Field (1990-2006)

Biology

Chemistry

Physics

Earth Science

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Percent of SAT Test Takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences

(1996-2007)

Biology Chemistry Physics Geology, Earth, or Space Science

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005

460

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

540

550

560

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mean Verbal SAT Scores for Test-takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences

(1996-2007)

Biology ChemistryPhysics Geology, Earth, or Space ScienceAll Test Takers


470

480

490

500

510

520

530

540

550

560

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mean Math SAT Scores for Test-takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences

(1996-2007)

Biology ChemistryPhysics Geology, Earth, or Space ScienceAll Test Takers


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Intended Degree Level of SAT Test-takers (2000-2007)

Certificate

Associate

Bachelor's

Master's

Doctoral


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Number of SAT Test Takers Intending a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Science

(1996-2007)

Physical Science

Interdisciplinary Science


460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mean Verbal Scores for SAT Test-takers Planning a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Sciences

(1996-2007)

Interdisciplinary Science Physical Science All Test Takers


460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mean Math Scores for SAT Test-takers Planning a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Sciences

(1996-2007)

Interdisciplinary Science Physical Science All Test Takers


0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

20,000,00019

6319

6519

6719

6919

7119

7319

7519

7719

7919

8119

8319

8519

8719

8919

9119

9319

9519

9719

9920

0120

0320

05

Num

ber

of S

tude

nts

Total Fall Enrollments in Credit Courses at Post-Secondary Institutions

(1963 - 2006)

4-Year

2-Year

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NCES, Digest of Education Statistics, 2007

145

12 12

20

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

General Programs Technology / Technician Programs

Geoscience Engineering

Number of Community College Programs in Geoscience Disciplines

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from ies NCES College Navigator

(Physical Science, Environmental

Science, Natural Science)

(Metallurgical,Petroleum, Physical

Science)

(Earth Science / Geology,

Paleontology, Oceanography,

Atmospheric Science, Hydrology)

(Mining, Mineral,

Petroleum)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Geoscience Associate Degrees byType of Program(1984-2006)

Total Number of Degrees in Geoscience Disciplines

General Geoscience (%)

Geoscience Technology (%)

Core Geoscience (%)

Geoscience Engineering (%)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from IPEDS


Chapter 2: Four-Year Colleges and Universities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Num

ber o

f Fac

ulty

Num

ber o

f Stu

dent

sMean Department Size by Faculty and by Students

(1994-2007)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments and 2003 Report on the Status of Academic Geoscience Departments, Katz, B.J., 2003.

Faculty

Students

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Num

ber

of A

ttend

ees

Total U.S. Field Camp Attendance(1998-2008)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700M

ITX WA

CA

MN IL IN OH

OK WI

ID NY

PA

SD

CO

NM OR

MO AR IA FL WY

MT

KS UT

NC

WV

MA

GA AL

KY TN AK AZ

VA

Num

ber

of A

ttend

ees

State

U.S. Field Camp Attendance by State(1998-2008)

1998-2003

2004-2008


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Num

ber

of A

ttend

ees

U.S. Field Camp Attendance by Region(1998-2008)

Northeast

South

Midwest

West


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Per

cent

of T

otal

Atte

ndee

sPercent of U.S. Field Camp Attendance by Region

(1998-2008)

Midwest

West

South

Northeast


Non-tenure track 14%

Emeritus 12%

Full professors

38%

Assistant professors

19%

Associate professors

17%

Percentage of Geoscience Faculty by Rank (2008)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

<36 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76+

Nu

mb

er o

f F

acu

lty

Age Group

Number of Geoscience Faculty per Age Group and Rank(2008)

Faculty Counts Emeritus Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

<36 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76+

Perc

enta

ge o

f Age

Gro

up

Age Group

Geoscience Faculty Rank Percentage per Age Group(2008)


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Full professors

Associate professors

Assistant professors

Non-tenure track

Emeritus

Per

cen

tag

e o

f F

acu

lty

Percentage of Female Geoscience Faculty by Rank (2008)


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Per

cen

t o

f G

eosc

ien

ce J

ou

rnal

Pu

bli

cati

on

sGeoscience Journal Publications by Topic

(1970-2006)

Total Number of Geology Publications Geology Interdisciplinary OceanographyEngineering

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI GeoRef database

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Per

cen

t of

Geo

scie

nce

Fac

ulty

Geoscience Faculty Specialties(1999-2008)

1999

2006

2007

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Midwest Northeast South West

Per

cent

of F

acul

ty in

Geo

scie

nce

Dis

cipl

ine

Faculty Specialties by Region(1999-2008)

GEOLOGY (1999)

GEOLOGY (2008)

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (1999)

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (2008)

GEOCHEMISTRY (1999)

GEOCHEMISTRY (2008)


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


Per

cent

of F

acul

ty in

Geo

scie

nce

Dis

cipl

ine


GEOPHYSICS (1999)

GEOPHYSICS (2008)

PALEONTOLOGY (1999)

PALEONTOLOGY (2008)

HYDROLOGY (1999)

HYDROLOGY (2008)


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Per

cent

of F

acul

ty in

Geo

scie

nce

Dis

cipl

ine


SOIL SCIENCE (1999)

SOIL SCIENCE (2008)

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (1999)

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (2008)

OCEANOGRAPHY (1999)

OCEANOGRAPHY (2008)


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Per

cent

of F

acul

ty in

Geo

scie

nce

Dis

cipl

ine


PLANETOLOGY (1999)

PLANETOLOGY (2008)

OTHER (1999)

OTHER (2008)

NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED (1999)

NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED (2008)


0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Geology

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

General Economic Geology

Metals Coal Oil and Gas Non-Metals

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Economic Geology

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Geochemistry

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Geophysics

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%2%4%6%8%

10%12%14%16%18%20%

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

e

Faculty Specialties within Paleontology(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Hydrology

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%P

erce

nt o

f Fac

ulty

in

Dis

cipl

ine

Faculty Specialties within Soil Science(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

General Engineering

Geology

Rock Mechanics

Mining Engineering

Petroleum Engineering

Mining Tech/Extractive

Metallurgy

Earthquake Engineering

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Engineering Geology

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Biological Oceanography

Physical Oceanography

Chemical Oceanography

Geological Oceanography

Shore and Nearshore Processes

General Oceanography

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Oceanography

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Extraterrestrial Geology

Extraterrestrial Geophysics

Meteorites & Tektites Cosmochemistry

Per

cen

t of

Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Planetology

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%P

erce

nt o

f Fac

ulty

in D

isci

plin

eFaculty Specialties within Other Geosciences

(1999-2008)

1999

2008


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,00019

5519

5719

5919

6119

6319

6519

6719

6919

7119

7319

7519

7719

7919

8119

8319

8519

8719

8919

9119

9319

9519

9719

9920

0120

0320

0520

07

Stu

den

ts

U.S. Geoscience Enrollments(1955-2007)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments

Undergraduate

Graduate

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Deg

rees

Aw

arde

dU.S. Geoscience Degrees Granted

(1973-2007)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments

Bachelor's

Doctorate

Master's

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Per

cen

tag

esPercentage of Geoscience Degrees Conferred to Women

(1990-2007)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workfoce Program

Bachelor's

Master's

Doctoral

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Underrepresented Minority Enrollments in Undergraduate Geoscience Programs

(1993-2004)

Native American/ Alaskan Native

Hispanic

Black, non-Hispanic

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Underrepresented Minority Enrollments in Graduate Geoscience Programs

(1993-2004)

American Indian / Alaskan Native

Hispanic

Black, non-Hispanic


0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

All Science & Engineering

Biological sciences

Computer sciences

Earth, atmospheric,

and ocean sciences

Mathematical sciences

Chemistry Physics Psychology Social sciences

Engineering

Percent of Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities in Science & Engineering Fields(1995-2004)

Bachelor's

Master's

Ph.D.'s

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Geoscience Bachelor's Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities

(1995-2004)


Hispanic

Black, non-Hispanic


0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Geoscience Master's Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities

(1995-2004)


Hispanic

Black, non-Hispanic


0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Geoscience Doctoral Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities

(1995-2004)


Hispanic

Black, non-Hispanic


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%19

73

197

419

75

197

619

77

197

819

79

198

019

81

198

219

83

198

419

85

198

619

87

198

819

89

199

019

91

199

219

93

199

419

95

199

619

97

199

819

99

200

020

01

200

220

03

200

420

05

200

620

07

Pri

ce o

f O

il ($

/bar

rel)

adju

ste

d to

20

07

Co

mp

letio

n R

ate

of

Ge

os

cien

ce D

egre

es

Geoscience Degree Completion Rates and the Price of Oil(1973-2007)

Bachelor's Master's Ph.D. Oil ($USD / barrel)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments, and http://inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/Historical_Oil_Prices_Table.asp

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Geosciences Other Sciences & Math

Engineering Other Business

Per

cent

of S

tude

nts

Bachelor's Degree Fields of Terminal Geoscience Master's and Doctoral Degree Recipients

(2003)

Master's

Ph.D.

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS NSCG, 2003

Geosciences 11%

Other Sciences & Math 13%

Engineering 19%

Business 22%

Other 35%

Second Master's Degree Field of those who also have a Geoscience Master's Degree

(2003)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS NSCG, 2003

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%19

70

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

Per

cen

t o

f G

eosc

ien

ce T

hes

esGeoscience Master's Theses by Topic

(1970-2006)

Total Number of Theses

Geology

Interdisciplinary

Oceanography

Engineering

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's GeoRef database

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%19

70

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e D

isse

rtat

ions

Geoscience Dissertations by Topic (1970-2006)

Total Number of DissertationsGeology

Interdisciplinary

Oceanography

Engineering geology

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's GeoRef database

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Percent of Total Federal Research Funding Applied to the Geosciences(1970-2007)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%19

7319

7419

7519

7619

7719

7819

7919

8019

8119

8219

8319

8419

8519

8619

8719

8819

8919

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

05

Mill

ion

s ($

US

D)

Per

cen

t of

Geo

scie

nce

Fu

nd

ing

Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline from Selected Federal Agencies

(1973-2005)

Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)

Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)

Interdisciplinary Science (%)


$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Mill

ions

($US

D)

Perc

ent o

f Geo

scie

nce

Fund

ing

Department of Agriculture Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline

(1973-2005)

Geoscience Research Funding ($USD)

Atmospheric science (%)

Geological science (%)

Oceanography (%)



$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Mill

ions

($US

D)

Perc

ent o

f Geo

scie

nce

Fund

ing

Department of Defense Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline

(1973-2005)




Oceanography (%)



$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Mill

ions

($U

SD

)

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin

g

Department of EnergyPercent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline

(1973-2005)




Oceanography (%)



$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

$200

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Mill

ions

($U

SD

)

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin

g

NASAPercent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline

(1973-2005)




Oceanography (%)



$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

$500

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Mill

ions

($U

SD

)

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin

g

National Science FoundationPercent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline

(1973-2005)




Oceanography (%)



0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Funding of Earth Science NSF Proposals(1999-2007)

Number of Proposals

Number of Awards

Funding Rate (%)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Median Annual Size of Earth Science NSF Awards

(1999-2007)


$0

$2,500,000

$5,000,000

$7,500,000

$10,000,000

$12,500,000

$15,000,000

$17,500,000

$20,000,000

$22,500,000

$25,000,000

$27,500,000

$30,000,000

Median Annual Funding of Earth Science NSF Awards (1999-2007)


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Nu

mb

er o

f Ear

th S

cien

ce P

rop

osa

ls

Percent of Total NSF Earth Science Proposals by State(1999-2007)

Proposals (#)

California

New York

Massachusetts

Arizona

Minnesota

Illinois

Colorado

Texas

PennsylvaniaSource: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

22%

24%

26%

28%

30%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mill

ion

s o

f U

SD

Percent of Total NSF Earth Science Award Funds by State(1999-2007)

Total funds ($)CaliforniaNew YorkMassachusettsArizonaMinnesotaIllinoisColoradoTexas


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Number of NSF Earth Science Proposals for Selected Topics(1999-2007)

Proposals 1999-2001

Proposals 2002-2004

Proposals 2005-2007


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Number of NSF Earth Science Awards for Selected Topics(1999-2007)

Awards 1999-2001

Awards 2002-2004

Awards 2005-2007


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

NSF Earth Science Proposal Funding Rate for Selected Topics(1999-2007)

1999-2001

2002-2004

2005-2007


$182,445 $212,255 $224,141

$2,365,761 $2,416,213 $2,560,434

$0

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

To

tal A

mo

un

t of

Ava

ilab

le A

war

d M

on

ey

Student Support Available in the Geosciences(2006-2009)

GraduateUndergraduate


Other specialties1%

Paleontology1%

Petroleum8%

Mining8%

Geophysics17%

Field mapping/ camp18%

General Geoscience

47%

Student Support in the Geosciences by Sector(2007-2008)


$0

$200,000

$400,000

$600,000

$800,000

$1,000,000

$1,200,000

$1,400,000

$1,600,000

2005 2006 2007

Mil

lio

ns

of

do

llar

sValue of NSF Graduate Fellowships Earned

by Geoscience Students (2005-2007)



Chapter 3: Geoscience Employment Sectors

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Perc

en

tag

e o

f S

tud

en

ts w

ith

aP

osit

ive A

ttit

ud

e a

bo

ut

Sp

ecif

ic In

du

str

y Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Bachelor Degrees(2006)

Student

Graduates within 1 year

Graduates beyond 1 year


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Perc

en

tag

e o

f S

tud

en

ts w

ith

aP

osit

ive A

ttit

ud

e a

bo

ut

Sp

ecif

ic In

du

str

y Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Master's Degrees(2006)

Student




0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Perc

en

tag

e o

f S

tud

en

ts w

ith

aP

osit

ive A

ttit

ud

e a

bo

ut

Sp

ecif

ic In

du

str

y Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Doctoral Degrees(2006)

Student




24% 22%

50%

3%

67%

18%

11%3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Academia Government Private Sector Non-Profit / Other

Perc

enta

ge o

f Gra

duat

es i

n Se

ctor

Employment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Master's & Ph.D. Graduates

(2006)

Master's

Ph.D.

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006) ; AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006).

9% 9%6% 5%

7%4%

6%

21% 20%

9%

2% 3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Perc

enta

ge o

f G

radu

ates

in S

ecto

rEmployment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Master's Graduates

(2006)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006).

50%

14%

3% 2%

14%

1% 1% 3% 2%5%

1%3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Per

cen

tag

e o

f G

rad

uat

es i

n S

ecto

rEmployment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Ph.D. Graduates

(2006)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006).

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e P

h.D

. Rec

ipie

nts

Employment Sectors of New Geoscience Ph.D.s(1996-2006)

Academia (PD)

Academia (non PD)

Government (PD)

Government (non PD)

Industry (PD)

Industry (non PD)

Non-profit (PD)

Non-profit (non PD)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience PhDs, Class of 2006.

PD : Postdoctoral Positionnon PD: non-Postdoctoral Position

85%

49%

70%65%

75%

92%86% 85% 82%

75%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Cognitive Skills Technical Skills Research Field Broad Knowledge of Geoscience

Management Skills

Perc

ent o

f Deg

ree

Rec

ipie

nts

Knowlege & Skills Used by New Geoscience Master's and Ph.D.'s (2006)

Master's Ph.D.'s

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006) ; AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006).

29.8%27.3%

22.5% 22.0%

29.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Per

cen

t of

All

En

viro

nm

enta

l Sci

enti

sts

and

G

eosc

ien

tist

sWomen in Environmental Science and Geoscience Jobs

(2003-2007)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

3.1%

5.1%

3.2% 2.9%

5.4%

3.2%

2.3%

3.0%

1.8%

0.3%

1.0%

1.5%

1.9%

3.4%

3.9%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Per

cen

t of

All

En

viro

nm

enta

l Sci

enti

sts

and

G

eosc

ien

tist

sMinorities in

Environmental Science and Geoscience Jobs(2003-2007)

Asian

Hispanic

African American

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

30 and under

31-40 41-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70 and over

Per

cent

of W

orkf

orce

Age Group

Geoscientist Age Demographics by Membership Society(2008)

Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)

Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)

Economic Geologists (SEG)

Hydrologists (NGWA)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Economic Geologists, and the National Ground Water Association

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

< 30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of

Env

iron

men

tal E

ngin

eers

Age Group

Age Distribution of Environmental Engineers in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of M

inin

g E

ngin

eers

Age Group

Age Distribution of Mining Engineers in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Perc

ent o

f Pe

trol

eum

Eng

inee

rs

Age Group

Age Distribution of Petroleum Engineers in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of G

eoph

ysic

ists

Age Group

Age Distribution of Geophysicists in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Perc

ent o

f Hyd

rolo

gist

s

Age Group

Age Distribution of Hydrologists in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of M

eteo

rolo

gist

s

Age Group

Age Distribution of Meteorologists in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of G

eolo

gist

s

Age Group

Age Distribution of Geologists in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of O

cean

ogra

pher

s

Age Group

Age Distribution of Oceanographers in Government(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ient

ists

Age Group

Age Distribution of Geoscientists at the USGS(2003-2007)

2003

2005

2007


Nu

mb

er o

f G

eosc

ien

tist

s

Age

Age Demographics of Geoscientists in the Oil & Gas Industry

(2008)

30 605040 70


0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Nu

mb

er

of G

eo

scie

nti

sts

Oil & Gas Industry Demand for Geoscientists(1995-2030)

Total Demand

Current Workforce

Current Workforce + US New Entries

Current Workforce with US & non-US new entries


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 +

Per

cen

t o

f W

ork

forc

e

Age Group

Age Demographics of the Mining Industry (Except Oil & Gas Extraction)

(2008)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the National Mining Association

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 +

Perc

en

t o

f W

ork

forc

e

Age Group

Age Demographics of the Support Activities for Mining and Oil & Gas Industry

(2008)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the National Mining Association

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

Nu

mb

er

of

Fa

cu

lty

Age

Number of Geoscience Faculty by Age(2008)

Assistant Professor

Associate Professor

Professor

Emeritus


Chapter 4: Geoscience Economic Indicators

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Percent of Total Federal Research Funding Applied to the Geosciences(1970-2007)

Applied Research

Basic Research

Total Research

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Bil

lio

ns o

f d

oll

ars

Perc

en

t o

f G

eo

scie

nce F

un

din

g

Total Federal Funding of the Geosciences(1970-2005)

All Geosciences ($ USD) Atmospheric sciences (%)Geological sciences (%) Oceanography (%)Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%)

Source:AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Bil

lio

ns o

f d

oll

ars

Perc

en

t o

f G

eo

scie

nce F

un

din

g

Federal Funding of Basic Research in the Geosciences(1970-2005)



$0.0

$0.2

$0.4

$0.6

$0.8

$1.0

$1.2

$1.4

$1.6

$1.8

$2.0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Bil

lio

ns o

f d

oll

ars

Perc

en

t o

f G

eo

scie

nce F

un

din

g

Federal Funding of Applied Research in the Geosciences(1970-2005)


Source:AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Mil

lio

ns

of

do

llar

s

Per

cen

t o

f G

eosc

ien

ce F

un

din

g

Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Agriculture

(1970-2005)





$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

$500

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Mil

lio

ns

of

do

llar

s

Per

cen

t o

f G

eosc

ien

ce F

un

din

g

Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Commerce

(1970-2005)





$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin

gGeoscience Research Funding from the

Department of Defense(1970-2005)





$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

$500

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin


Department of Energy(1970-2005)





$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Mill

ion

s of

dol

lars

Per

cen

t o

f Geo

scie

nce

Fun

din


Department of Interior(1970-2005)





$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin


Environmental Protection Agency(1970-2005)





$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin


National Aeronautics and Space Administration(1970-2005)





$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Per

cent

of G

eosc

ienc

e Fu

ndin


National Science Foundation(1970-2005)





$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Bil

lio

ns

of

do

llar

s

Per

cen

t o

f R

&D

Fu

nd

sMining, extraction and support activities:

Distribution of Total Company R&D(1999-2003)

Total Company R&D ($USD) Research (%) Development (%)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Industry R&D Funding

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

Pri

ce p

er B

arre

l

Price of Oil by Currency(1999-2008)

Dollars / BBL

Euros / BBL

BBL / oz Gold

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from EIA, OANDA, econostats.com, kitco.com

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Dec

-98

May

-99

Oct

-99

Mar

-00

Aug

-00

Jan

-01

Jun

-01

Nov

-01

Apr

-02

Sep

-02

Feb

-03

Jul

-03

Dec

-03

May

-04

Oct

-04

Mar

-05

Aug

-05

Jan

-06

Jun

-06

Nov

-06

Apr

-07

Sep

-07

Feb

-08

Jul

-08

Inde

x Va

lue

Commodity Price Indices(1998-2008)

Fuel (energy) Price Index

Metals Price Index

Food Price Index

Beverage Price Index

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

Dec

-98

May

-99

Oct

-99

Mar

-00

Aug

-00

Jan

-01

Jun

-01

Nov

-01

Apr

-02

Sep

-02

Feb

-03

Jul

-03

Dec

-03

May

-04

Oct

-04

Mar

-05

Aug

-05

Jan

-06

Jun

-06

Nov

-06

Apr

-07

Sep

-07

Feb

-08

Jul

-08

Dolla

rs p

er B

arre

l

Dolla

rs p

er m

etric

ton

Commodity Prices(1998-2008)

Aluminum

Tin

Zinc

Uranium

Copper

Lead

Nickel

Crude Oil


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000De

c-9

8M

ay-9

9O

ct-9

9M

ar-0

0Au

g-0

0Ja

n-0

1Ju

n-0

1No

v-0

1Ap

r-0

2Se

p-0

2Fe

b-0

3Ju

l-0

3De

c-0

3M

ay-0

4O

ct-0

4M

ar-0

5Au

g-0

5Ja

n-0

6Ju

n-0

6No

v-0

6Ap

r-0

7Se

p-0

7Fe

b-0

8Ju

l-0

8

Dolla

rs p

er B

arre

l

Dolla

rs p

er m

etric

ton


Aluminum

Zinc

Uranium

Copper

Lead

Crude Oil


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160De

c-9

8M

ay-9

9O

ct-9

9M

ar-0

0Au

g-0

0Ja

n-0

1Ju

n-0

1No

v-0

1Ap

r-0

2Se

p-0

2Fe

b-0

3Ju

l-0

3De

c-0

3M

ay-0

4O

ct-0

4M

ar-0

5Au

g-0

5Ja

n-0

6Ju

n-0

6No

v-0

6Ap

r-0

7Se

p-0

7Fe

b-0

8Ju

l-0

8

Dolla

rs p

er B

arre

l

Dolla

rs p

er m

etric

ton


Uranium

Crude Oil


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Dec

-98

May

-99

Oct

-99

Mar

-00

Aug

-00

Jan

-01

Jun

-01

Nov

-01

Apr

-02

Sep

-02

Feb

-03

Jul

-03

Dec

-03

May

-04

Oct

-04

Mar

-05

Aug

-05

Jan

-06

Jun

-06

Nov

-06

Apr

-07

Sep

-07

Feb

-08

Jul

-08

Dolla

rs p

er B

arre

l

Dolla

rs p

er m

etric

ton


Soybeans

Wheat

Barley

Corn

Rice

Crude Oil


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Dec

-98

May

-99

Oct

-99

Mar

-00

Aug

-00

Jan

-01

Jun

-01

Nov

-01

Apr

-02

Sep

-02

Feb

-03

Jul

-03

Dec

-03

May

-04

Oct

-04

Mar

-05

Aug

-05

Jan

-06

Jun

-06

Nov

-06

Apr

-07

Sep

-07

Feb

-08

Jul

-08

Dolla

rs p

er B

arre

l

Cent

s pe

r pou

nd


Beef

Pork

Crude Oil


$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

Dec

-98

May

-99

Oct

-99

Mar

-00

Aug

-00

Jan

-01

Jun

-01

Nov

-01

Apr

-02

Sep

-02

Feb

-03

Jul

-03

Dec

-03

May

-04

Oct

-04

Mar

-05

Aug

-05

Jan

-06

Jun

-06

Nov

-06

Apr

-07

Sep

-07

Feb

-08

Jul

-08

Dolla

rs p

er B

arre

l

Dolla

rs p

er c

ubic

met

er


Natural Gas

Crude Oil


$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Bill

ions

of c

urre

nt d

olla

rsCommoditiy Ouput by Value

(1998-2006)

Oil & gas extraction Mining (except oil & gas) Support activities for mining and oil & gas

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rsGross Operating Surplus

(1998-2006)


Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

$14

$16

$18

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rsTaxes on Production and Imports

(1998-2006)


Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

2002

Q1

2002

Q2

2002

Q3

2002

Q4

2003

Q1

2003

Q2

2003

Q3

2003

Q4

2004

Q1

2004

Q2

2004

Q3

2004

Q4

2005

Q1

2005

Q2

2005

Q3

2005

Q4

2006

Q1

2006

Q2

2006

Q3

2006

Q4

2007

Q1

2007

Q2

2007

Q3

2007

Q4

2008

Q1

Prof

it M

argi

n

Profit Margins of Major and Independent Energy Companies(2002-2008)

Independents

Majors

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Energy Information Administration

$0.0$2.0$4.0$6.0$8.0

$10.0$12.0$14.0$16.0$18.0$20.0$22.0$24.0$26.0

Oil

& g

as

ext

ract

ion

Ge

ne

ral I

nd

ust

ry

En

viro

nm

en

tal r

em

edia

tion

/ G

eo

tech

nic

al

Fin

an

ce &

insu

ran

ce

Pro

fess

ion

al,

scie

ntif

ic, a

nd

te

chn

ica

l se

rvic

es

Fe

de

ral g

ove

rnm

en

t

Util

itie

s

Tra

nsp

ort

atio

n

Sta

te a

nd

loca

l go

vern

me

nt

Wa

ste

ma

na

ge

me

nt s

erv

ice

s

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Info

rma

tion

se

rvic

es

Min

ing

, exc

ep

t oil

& g

as

Bil

lio

ns o

f d

oll

ars

Geoscience Contribution of Industry GDP (2002 - 2016)

2002

2006

2016 (projected)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S .Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Nu

mb

er o

f Ro

tary

Rig

sU.S. Rotary Rig Counts

(1990-2008)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Nu

mb

er

of

Rig

sRigs by Location

(1990-2007)

Onshore

Offshore


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

Nu

mb

er

of

Rig

sRigs by Type(1990-2007)

Crude Oil

Natural Gas


-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

Per

cen

t C

han

ge

sin

ce 1

990

Percent Change in Drilling(1991-2008)

Total Wells DrilledTotal FootageAverage Depth

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Energy Information Association

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Nu

mb

er o

f S

and

, G

rave

l,

and

Sto

ne

Min

es

Nu

mb

er o

f M

etal

Ore

Min

es a

nd

In

du

stri

al M

iner

al M

ines

Number of U.S. Mines(1994-2006)

Metal Ore

Industrial Minerals (excluding Sand, Gravel, and Stone)

Sand, Gravel, and Stone

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS Mining & Quarrying Trends

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Mill

ion

met

ric

tons

Material Handled(1994-2006)

Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone)Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Mill

ion

met

ric

tons

Mine Waste(1994-2006)



0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Rat

ioMine Waste : Materials Handled

(1994-2006)



$0.0

$5.0

$10.0

$15.0

$20.0

$25.0

Bil

lio

ns o

f d

oll

ars

Total U.S. Non-fuel Mineral Production(1992-2006)

Metals

Industrial minerals (excluding sand, gravel, and stone)

Sand, gravel, and stone

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS Minerals Yearbook

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

$14

Bil

lio

ns

of

do

llar

s

Bil

lio

ns

of

do

llar

sMarket Capitalization of Geoscience Industries

(2008)

Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Google Finance, (12/18/2008)

Documents

Status of the Geoscience Workforce