Status of Education and Vocational Education in India-1

8/6/2019 Status of Education and Vocational Education in India-1

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STATUS OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONALSTATUS OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONALEDUCATION IN INDIAEDUCATION IN INDIA

ASERFASERF

Apeejay Stya Education Research FoundationApeejay Stya Education Research Foundation

www.aserf.org.inwww.aserf.org.in


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Status of Education and Vocational Education in IndiaStatus of Education and Vocational Education in India

IndianIndian educationeducation systemsystem largestlargest inin CommonCommon wealthwealth countriescountries andand 22ndndlargestlargest inin thethe worldworld nextnext toto USAUSA..

TremendousTremendous GrowthGrowth sincesince Independence,Independence, butbut stillstill::

TheThe grossgross enrolmentenrolment ratioratio

ClassesClasses (I(I--V)V) ((66--1111 years)years) 109109..44%%

ClassesClasses (VI(VI--VIII)VIII) ((1111--1414 years)years) 7171..1515%%

ClassesClasses (I(I--VIII)VIII) ((66--1414 years)years) 9494..9292%%

ClassesClasses (IX(IX--X)X) ((1414--1616 years)years) 5252..2626%%ClassesClasses (XI(XI--XII)XII) ((1616--1818 years)years) 2828..5454%%

HigherHigher EducationEducation ((1818--2424 yrs)yrs) 1111..6161 %%

TheThe dropdrop outout raterate

ClassesClasses (I(I--V)V) ((66--1111 years)years) 2525..4747 %%

ClassesClasses (I(I--VIII)VIII) ((66--1414 years)years) 4848..7171 %%ClassesClasses (I(I--X)X) ((66--1616 years)years) 6161..5959 %%

TheseThese highhigh dropdrop outout ratesrates fromfrom bothboth primaryprimary andand secondarysecondary school,school, combinedcombined withwithlowlow enrolmentenrolment ratesrates atat thethe higherhigher levelslevels deprivedeprive tenstens ofof millionsmillions ofof childrenchildren ofof theirtheirfullfull rightsrights asas citizenscitizens..

Source:Source: Selected Educational statistics (Abstract) 2005Selected Educational statistics (Abstract) 2005--06, MHRD, Govt. of India06, MHRD, Govt. of IndiaContdContd


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OutOut ofof approxapprox.. 211211 millionmillion childrenchildren inin thethe ((66--1414 yrs)yrs) ageagegroupgroup -- 8484..9191 %% areare enrolledenrolled inin schoolsschools..

MoreMore thanthan 3535 millionmillion childrenchildren inin thethe ((66--1414)) ageage groupgroup areareoutout ofof schoolschool

NetNet primaryprimary schoolschool enrolment/attendanceenrolment/attendance isis onlyonly 7777%%

ByBy yearyear 20162016 therethere willwill bebe approxapprox.. 500500 millionmillion peoplepeople

withwith lessless thanthan fivefive yrsyrs ofof schoolingschooling

AnotherAnother 300300 millionmillion thatthat willwill notnot havehave completedcompleted highhighschoolschool.. TwoTwo thirdthird ofof thethe populationpopulation willwill lacklack minimumminimum levellevelofof educationeducation

Contd.Contd.


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MoreMore thanthan 5050 %% ofof thethe girlsgirls inin thethe countrycountry dodo notnot enrollenroll ininschoolsschools

OnlyOnly 4545..88 %% girlsgirls completecomplete educationeducation inin ruralrural areasareas asascomparedcompared toto 6666..33 %% boysboys.. InIn urbanurban areas,areas, 6666..33 %% girlsgirlscompletecomplete educationeducation asas opposedopposed toto 8080..33 %% boysboys

ChildrenChildren putput inin anan averageaverage ofof 2121 hourshours ofof labourlabour perperweek,week, atat thethe costcost ofof educationeducation

6060 millionmillion childrenchildren areare thoughtthought toto bebe childchild labourerslabourers

3535%% ofof ourour populationpopulation areare stillstill illiterateilliterate

SourceSource:: (Data(Data compiledcompiled fromfrom figuresfigures providedprovided byby CRY,CRY, NGONGO GlobalGlobal MarchMarch AgainstAgainst ChildChildLabour,Labour, andand UNICEF),UNICEF), (UNICEF(UNICEF--IndiaIndia--StatisticsStatistics ((20042004),), (Report(Report ofof thethe CommitteeCommittee onon

IndiaIndia VisionVision 20202020,, PlanningPlanning Commission,Commission, 20022002))


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VocationalVocational trainingtraining andand selfself--employmentemployment avenuesavenues

EveryEvery yearyear55..55 millionmillion studentsstudents passpass outout ofof ClassClass X,X, ofof whichwhich33..33 millionmillion gogo toto ClassClass XI,XI, leavingleaving 22..22 millionmillion outout ofof thetheeducationeducation streamstream..

ThoseThose whowho dropdrop outout afterafter ClassClass VIIIVIII areare approxapprox.. 2020--2121millionmillion..

UrgentUrgent attentionattention neededneeded forfor thisthis 2121 millionmillion--targettarget groupgroup..

AvailableAvailable formalformal trainingtraining capacitycapacity ofof thethe countrycountry -- onlyonly 22..33millionmillion studentsstudents..

ThisThis leavesleaves aa gapgap ofof1818..77 millionmillion.. TheThe ITIITI systemsystem needsneeds toto beberevampedrevamped toto fillfill upup thisthis gapgap..

ContdContd


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AmongAmong personspersons ofof ageage 1515 yearsyears andand aboveabove::

OnlyO

nly 22 %% hadhad a

nya

ny typetype ofof tech

nicaltech

nical degrees/degrees/ d

iplo

mas/d

iplo

mas/certificatescertificates..

TheThe proportionproportion waswas onlyonly 11%% inin thethe ruralrural areasareas andand 55 %% inin thetheurbanurban..

OnlyOnly 4040 %% ofof thethe 5555,,000000 instructorsinstructors havehave undergoneundergone aa fullfullinstructorinstructor--trainingtraining coursecourse (Urgent(Urgent needneed toto looklook intointo trainingtraining ofoftrainers)trainers) (Planning(Planning Commission)Commission)..

AboutAbout 9595%% ofof thethe worldworld youthyouth ((1515 -- 3535 yrs)yrs) ageage learnlearn anyany typetype ofofvocat

io

nvocat

io

n// sk

illsk

ill // trade,trade, w

ithw

ith aa cho

icecho

ice ofof 30003000

vocat

io

nal

vocat

io

nal strea

msstrea

ms..

InIn IndiaIndia wewe havehave identifiedidentified onlyonly aboutabout 170170 tradestrades andand onlyonly 22--33%%ofof thethe youthyouth ((1515--2929 yrs)yrs) goesgoes inin forfor formalformal vocationalvocational trainingtraining..

Contd.Contd.


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TheThe proportionproportion ofof personspersons ((1515--2929 yrs)yrs) whowho receivedreceived formalformalvocationalvocational trainingtraining waswas thethe highesthighest amongamong thethe unemployedunemployed..

33 %% forfor thethe employedemployed 1111%% forfor thethe unemployed,unemployed, andand

22%% forfor personspersons notnot inin thethe labourlabour forceforce

ChinaChina hashas nearlynearly 500500,,000000 seniorsenior higherhigher secondarysecondary vocationalvocational

schools,schools, whereaswhereas wewe haveha

ve aboutabout

5100

5100 ITIsITIs a

nda

nd 60006000 VETVETschoolsschools inin allall..

ToTo boostboost VocationalVocational EducationEducation andand SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment PrimePrimeMinisterMinisterinin hishis IndependenceIndependence DayDay addressaddress statedstated toto openopen

16001600 newnew ITIsITIs andand PolytechnicsPolytechnics 5050,,000000 newnew SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment Centers,Centers,

ItIt wouldwould enableenable 11 corecore studentsstudents toto getget VocationalVocational trainingtraining..

Contd.Contd.


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ComparedCompared toto manymany developeddeveloped countriescountries IndiaIndia isis farfar behindbehind inin

introducingintroducing newnew andand innovativeinnovative tradestrades inin VETVET toto attractattract youngyoung

childrenschildrens..

AboutAbout 55%% toto 77%% ofof ourour populationpopulation ((5050 toto 7070 million)million) everyevery yearyear

shouldshould bebe involvedinvolved inin vocationalvocational programmesprogrammes..

OfOf allall newnew employmentemployment generatedgenerated

11%% isis governmentgovernment jobs,jobs,

22%% areare inin thethe OrganisedOrganised sectorsector andand 9797%% inin thethe unorganizedunorganized sectorsector

CountriesCountries labourlabour forceforce inin ((2020--2424 yrs)yrs) ageage undergoneundergone formalformal

vocat

io

nal

vocat

io

nal tra

iningtra

ining

IndiaIndia -- 55 %%

MexicoMexico -- 2828 %%

MostMost industrialisedindustrialised nationsnations -- 6060 toto 8080 %%

KoreaKorea -- 9696 %%..Contd.Contd.


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Germany,Germany, Indonesia,Indonesia, Japan,Japan, Korea,Korea, IsraelIsrael andand ChinaChina havehavesupportedsupported vocationalvocational educationeducation atat thethe schoolschool levellevel onon aa

largelarge scalescale sincesince thethe decadedecade ofof 19701970ss..

AA strategystrategy toto achieveachieve fullfull employmentemployment mustmust includeinclude asas anan

importantimportant component,component, aa strategystrategy toto ensureensure thatthat allall newnew

entrantsentrants toto thethe workforceworkforce areare equippedequipped withwith thethe knowledgeknowledgeandand skillskill neededneeded forfor highhigh productivityproductivity andand highhigh qualityquality..

SourceSource:: DataData compiledcompiled fromfrom PlanningPlanning CommissionCommission Reports,Reports, NSSO,NSSO, TimesTimes ofof India,India, TheThe

EconomicEconomic TimesTimes


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Educated Unemployed (Disadvantage education)Educated Unemployed (Disadvantage education)

Unemployed in Rural Areas: 57%Unemployed in Rural Areas: 57%

UnemployedUnemployed in Urban Areas: 65%in Urban Areas: 65% TOTAL SKILLED labour force:TOTAL SKILLED labour force:

RURALRURAL -- only 8.3 %only 8.3 %

URBANURBAN -- 15.6 %15.6 %

Only 4

5mi

llio

ns ha

ve actually reg

istered w

ith e

mploy

me

ntO

nly 4

5mi

llio

ns ha

ve actually reg

istered w

ith e

mploy

me

ntexchangeexchange

Of all new employment generatedOf all new employment generated

Govt.Govt. 1%1%

Orgnised SectorOrgnised Sector 2%2%

Unorganised SectorUnorganised Sector 97%97%

The unemployment rate of India's graduates are stillThe unemployment rate of India's graduates are still17. 2% than the overall unemployment rate of 10.1%.17. 2% than the overall unemployment rate of 10.1%.(2.5million graduate every year)(2.5million graduate every year)

Source:Source: (Employment & Unemployment situation in India, Jan(Employment & Unemployment situation in India, Jan--June 2004, NSS, Govt. ofJune 2004, NSS, Govt. of

India, 2005);India, 2005); www.wakeupcall.orgwww.wakeupcall.org (i Watch); (Times of India, 22nd june 2005)(i Watch); (Times of India, 22nd june 2005)


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Future of Labour Ecosystem in IndiaFuture of Labour Ecosystem in India (based on TLSL report 2006)

TheThe potentialpotential workingworking ((2020--5959 yrsyrs )) ageage populationpopulation estimatedestimated inin 20202020-- overover 761761 millionmillion -- CurrentlyCurrently thisthis isis 567567 millionmillion..

TheThe govtgovt.. isis talkingtalking aboutabout creatingcreating 1010 millionmillion jobs jobs everyevery year,year,however,however, thethe requirementrequirement isis moremore thanthan 1515 millionmillion inin aa yearyear..

EvenEven ifif wewe findfind 100100 millionmillion newnew jobsjobs;; 170170 millionmillion willwill bebe outout ofof

em

ploym

ente

mploy

me

nt

inin20202020,, th

isth

is

is

is

nearly

nearly 3030%%..

UnemploymentUnemployment willwill bebe higherhigher amongamong SCSC // STST

OnlyOnly aroundaround 11..55 %% ofof personspersons agedaged 1515 yearsyears orormoremore inin ruralrural areasareasandand lessless thanthan 55 %% inin urbanurban areasareas hadhad technicaltechnical qualificationsqualifications ofofeveneven thethe mostmost rudimentaryrudimentary kindkind

TheThe biggestbiggest challengechallenge willwill bebe toto provideprovide formalformal educationeducation andandemploymentemployment toto thethe hugehuge workwork forceforce inin 20202020

SourceSource:: Team Lease Services Labour Report 2006 ((TheThe reportreport mainlymainly predictspredicts thethe futurefuture ofoflabourlabour ecosystemecosystem inin India,India, statestate wisewise.. ))


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ShortageShortage ofof skillskill inin VariousVarious SectorsSectors

TheThe projectedprojected growthgrowth ratesrates inin industryindustry andand servicesservices sectorssectorsareare expectedexpected toto generategenerate 6060 millionsmillions jobjob opportunitiesopportunities duringduring

20062006--1212 andand 156156 millionmillion duringduring 20062006--1616 SemiSemi--skilledskilled andand skilledskilled labourlabour:: The shortage of factory workers

and construction labourers is already being felt across industries..

EngineeringEngineering industryindustry is growing at a fast pace will be majorrequirement of skilled/talented manpowerin this sector

FoodFood industryindustryis fast-expanding, need professional food scientistsand technicians in great number.

MediaMedia andandEntertainmentEntertainment:: The demand for animation productionservices from India is growing. This has opened up innumerableopportunities for students of Design, Fine Arts and MassCommunication.

BiotechnologyBiotechnology sectorsector:: 80 % shortfall of doctorate and postdoctorate scientists.

FoodFood processing processing sectorsector:: 65 % shortfall of refrigerationm

echani

cs, electric

ia

ns etc. 70 % shortfall of food safety perso

nnelCondt..


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Additional 21 million new jobs in merchandisemerchandise tradetrade by 2009-10

ITIT andand BPOBPOsector could employ 9 million persons directly andindirectly by 2010

Raising the rate of growth ofmanufacturingmanufacturingto 12 % could create1.6 to 2.9 million direct jobs annually, and another 2-3 times thatnumberindirectly

RetailRetailSectorSector-- demand of3-5 lakh trained people in the northern

region alone by 2010. ThisThis sectorsector wouldwould throwthrow upup 22 millionmillionemploymentemployment byby 20102010..

LeatherLeather -- Based on increased targets for export and domesticdemand, it would generate 3 million additional jobs by 2022

CivilCivil AviationAviation -- Needs5400 p

ilots by the e

nd of the 11th pla

n.Thereafter, there would be requirement of at least 150 pilots per

year as replacements for retirements and normal attrition.

ConstructionConstruction sectorsector with a current employment o f over 30million is to witness boom by an annual growth rate of 30% in

infrastructure. It would translate large no. of jobs far short of theemployable skill available ContdContd..


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HealthHealth sectorsector:: Shortage of5 lakh doctors and 10 lakh Nurses.

ITIT sectorsector:: Shortage of5 lakhs (half a million) engineers.

EducationEducation sectorsector:: Faculty shortage of 25-40 percent..

AutomobilesAutomobiles:: employmentemployment expectedexpected toto increaseincrease toto 2525millionmillion byby 20152015--1616fromfrom currentcurrent 1010..55 million,million, majoritymajority inin thethe shopshop floorfloor ofof autoauto manufacturingmanufacturing

LogisticsLogistics:: willwill growgrow inin tandemtandem withwith growthgrowth inin trade,trade, aviationaviation andand tourismtourism

BankingBanking andand FinanceFinance sectorsector:: 50-80 percent personnel shortage..

AviationAviation sectorsector:: Severe shortage of pilots and ground duty officials..

TextileTextile sectorsector:: employ 35 million directly, besides 55 million i n its alliedsector. Expected to generate additional 14million jobs by 2012

PharmaPharma sectorsector:: Severe shortage of top pharma scientists as researchexpenditure by pharma companies has quadrupled in the last 5 years.

Thus thereis a shortage of

middle-le

vel a

nd ju

nior sc

ie

ntists too. Th

is hasmade salaries of top pharma scientists rise to US levels.

ProjectProject ManagementManagementServicesServices--this labourlabour intensiveintensive sectorsector willwill growgrow withwithgrowthgrowth inin corporatecorporate structure,structure, infrastructureinfrastructure && retailretail industryindustry

SourceSource:: DataData compiledcompiled fromfrom (FICCI(FICCI report,report, NewNew Delhi)Delhi);; (NASSCOM)(NASSCOM);; (NASSCOM(NASSCOM McKinseyMcKinseyReportReport 20062006));; (Press(Press Release,Release, MinistryMinistry ofof ComCom.. && IndInd.. AprilApril 77,, 20062006));; (Presentation(Presentation mademade byby

NMCCNMCC toto NationalNational AdvisoryAdvisory Council,Council, FebruaryFebruary 1818,, 20062006)) (IL&FS,(IL&FS, 20082008))


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Indias tremendous potentialIndias tremendous potential--Demographic DividendDemographic Dividend

WorkingWorking ageage populationpopulation toto comprisecomprise overover 6363 %% ofof thethe aggregateaggregate byby

20162016..

IndiaIndia onlyonly largelarge economyeconomy withwith decliningdeclining ageage dependencydependency ratiosratios tilltill 20302030..

IndiasIndias totaltotal populationpopulation inin yearyear 20042004:: 11,,080080 million,million, ((672672 millionmillion peoplepeople ininthethe ageage--groupgroup 1515 toto 6464 yearsyears "working"working ageage population)population)..

AA thirdthird ofof IndiasIndias populationpopulation belowbelow 1515 yearsyears ofof ageage andand 2020 %% ofof thethepopulationpopulation inin thethe 1515--2424 ageage groupsgroups..

ProjectionsProjections indicateindicate thethe emergenceemergence ofof aa youngyoung IndianIndian willwill 800800 millionmillion ininthethe productiveproductive ageage groupgroup byby 20152015;; thethe comparablecomparable nono.. ofof ChinaChina isis 600600mm

InIn 20202020,, thethe averageaverage IndianIndian willwill bebe onlyonly 2929 yearsyears old,old, comparedcompared withwith thetheaverageaverage ageage ofof 3737 yearsyears inin ChinaChina andand thethe US,US, 4545 inin westwest EuropeEurope andand 4848inin JapanJapan..

Source: (National(National PopulationPopulation PolicyPolicy 20002000 ));; (BRICS(BRICS reportreport ofof GoldmanGoldman SachsSachs ),), NSSONSSO reportreport


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TheThe challengeschallenges areare immenseimmense andand inin orderorder totoachieveachieve thethe goalsgoals therethere hashas toto bebe substantialsubstantial

expansionexpansion ofof qualityquality technical/technical/ vocationalvocationaleducationeducation andand trainingtraining forfor raisingraisingemployabilityemployability andand productivityproductivity..

TheThe skillsskills providedprovided havehave toto bebe attunedattuned toto::

NewNew businessbusiness requirementsrequirements;;

ImprovingImproving qualityquality ofof educationeducation andand trainingstrainings atatallall levelslevels;; andand

MakeMake technical/technical/ vocationalvocational educationeducation systemsystemmoremore flexibleflexible andand inclusiveinclusive forfor sustainablesustainablegrowthgrowth..


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Appropriate strategies to be adoptedAppropriate strategies to be adopted

Expand and upgrade vocational education andtraining

Expand and upgrade higher technical education

Promote research in educational institutions;

and

Redesign the educational pattern at the school

level to facilitate skill development.


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GovernmentGovernment havehave toto redefineredefine itsits rolerole inin::

refor

min

greformin

g an

dan

d stren

gthenin

gstren

gthenin

gv

ocati

on

alv

ocati

on

al educati

on

educati

on

andand trainingtraining

clearclear policypolicy forfor facilitatingfacilitating capacitycapacity expansionexpansion throughthroughprivateprivate sectorsector participationparticipation..

makemake investmentinvestment inin vocationalvocational trainingtraining institutesinstitutesbankablebankable

promotepromote industryindustry andand academiaacademia interactioninteraction toto narrownarrowthethe existingexisting gapgap betweenbetween thethe demanddemand andand supplysupply ofof

thethe skilledskilled manpowermanpower

ItIt isis veryvery importantimportant atat thisthis stagestage toto havehave differentdifferentproblemproblem specificspecific policypolicy becausebecause oneone policypolicy isis notnotgoinggoing toto fitfit inin..


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Challenges to be addressedChallenges to be addressed

DisconnectDisconnect betweenbetween skillsskills providedprovided andand skillsskills requiredrequired byby thetheindustryindustry

RevisionRevision ofof coursecourse curriculacurricula lagslags behindbehind thethe needneed ofof thethe industryindustry

OutOut--dateddated machinery/machinery/ toolstools andand technologytechnology

SkillSkill demanddemand ofof Services/Services/ UnorganizedUnorganized SectorSector areare largelylargely unmetunmet

UnsatisfactoryUnsatisfactory employabilityemployability ofof traineestrainees becausebecause ofof poorpoor qualityqualityofof trainingtraining

ShortageShortage ofof trainedtrained instructorsinstructors andand lowlow instructorinstructor trainingtrainingcapacitycapacity inin thethe countrycountry

LowLow prestigeprestige attachedattached toto vocationalvocational trainingtraining


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RecommendationsRecommendations

NeedNeed forfor creationcreation ofof largelarge scalescale skillskill developmentdevelopment

opportunitiesopportunities andand infrastructureinfrastructure

toto meetmeet thethe demanddemand ofof skilledskilled workwork forceforce byby thethe

industryindustry andand serviceservice sectorsector

toto keepkeep thethe economyeconomy growing,growing,

toto facilitatefacilitate employabilityemployability ofof thethe rapidlyrapidly growinggrowing workwork

forceforce

IntegrationIntegration ofof vocationalvocational educationeducation atat thethe schoolschool

levellevel

toto impartimpart thethe basicbasic technicaltechnical skillsskills toto aa largelarge numbernumberofofnewnew entrantsentrants toto thethe labourlabour forceforce

SpecialSpecial reorientationreorientation forfor thethe schoolschool dropdrop--outsouts

throughthrough professionalprofessional careercareer counselingcounseling

widespreadwidespread useuse ofof ICTICT inin skillskill trainingtraining


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SkillSkill MappingMapping

ToTo identifyidentify preciseprecise skillskill requirementrequirement forfor thethe growthgrowth ofof

industryindustry--readyready manpowermanpower

FlexibilityFlexibility

AcademicsAcademics shouldshould bebe moremore flexibleflexible andand interinter--disciplinarydisciplinary..

VerticalVertical asas wellwell asas horizontalhorizontal mobilitymobility betweenbetweendifferentdifferent streamstream ofof education,education, andand

whilewhile VEVE andand VTVT areare beingbeing dealtdealt withwith separately,separately, itit isis

essentialessential thatthat bothboth formform partpart ofof aa continuumcontinuum andand aacommoncommon frameworkframework..

BuildBuild SpecificSpecific enterpriseenterprise skillsskills intointo allall VETVETprogrammesprogrammes


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PrivatePrivate SectorSectorParticipationParticipation (PPP(PPP model)model)

ParticipationParticipation ofof privateprivate sectorsector toto bebe encouragedencouraged atat thethe

ITIITI levelle

vel ofof sk

illsk

ill de

velop

me

ntde

velop

me

nt &&

vocat

io

nal

vocat

io

nal educat

io

neducat

io

n

andand trainingtraining..

DevelopDevelop qualityquality ITIsITIs andand PolytechnicsPolytechnics withwith skillskilldevelopmentdevelopment coursescourses inin associationassociation withwith industryindustry totorunrun thesethese

InstitutionalizeInstitutionalize andand establishestablish coordinationcoordination betweenbetweenthethe privateprivate sectorsector andand thethe governmentgovernment toto runruninstitutionsinstitutions forfor skillskill developmentdevelopment..

PolytechnicsPolytechnics shouldshould alsoalso bebe givengiven '' ManagementManagementquota'quota'..

ParticipationParticipation ofof industryindustry inin operatingoperating ITIsITIs andandtechnicaltechnical institutesinstitutes bebe encouragedencouraged andand aa schemescheme ofofincentivesincentives inin termsterms ofof ITIT taxtax rebate,rebate, etcetc.. bebeconsideredconsidered..


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SingleSingle windowwindow approachapproach forfor privateprivate players,players,

createcreate anan enablingenabling environmentenvironment forfor privateprivate sectorsector toto

comecome forwardforward andand investinvest inin ITIsITIs andand PolytechnicsPolytechnics..

CorporateCorporate modelmodel bebe allowedallowed inin educationeducation sectorsector toto

attractattract investmentinvestment..

RulesRules && regulationsregulations cancan bebe appropriatelyappropriately framedframed byby thetheGovernmentGovernment forfor regulationregulation..

IndependentIndependent AutonomousAutonomous RegulatingRegulating AgencyAgency..

InformalInformal trainingtraining forfor shortshort durationduration atat affordableaffordable feesfees

structurestructure

expansionexpansion ofof nonnon--formalformal programmes,programmes, basedbased onon

demand,demand, cancan bridgebridge thethe gapgap betweenbetween demanddemand andand

supplysupply ofof skilledskilled manpowermanpower..


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FundingFunding andand BankBank LoansLoans

BankBank LoanLoan forfor selfself employmentemployment toto studentsstudents takingtaking

informalinformal trainingtraining includingincluding ITIITI coursescourses..

LiberalLiberal loansloans forfor settingsetting upup IndustrialIndustrial TrainingTraining CentersCenters

andand VocationalVocational TrainingTraining InstitutesInstitutes..

WellWell--designeddesigned loansloans (A(A genuinegenuine loan)loan) withwith IncomeIncome--contingentcontingent repayments,repayments, forfor efficiencyefficiency reasonsreasons toto reducereduce

uncertaintyuncertainty andand forfor equityequity reasonsreasons toto promotepromote access,access,

sincesince loansloans willwill havehave builtbuilt--inin insuranceinsurance againstagainst inabilityinability

toto repayrepay..

LoansLoans enoughenough toto covercover allall feesfees including,including, livingliving costscosts;;

TheThe interestinterest raterate toto bebe atat governmentsgovernments costcost ofof longlong

termterm borrowingborrowing..


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SpecialSpecial StrategyStrategy toto bebe plannedplanned forfor remoteremote areasareas

CourseCourse andand CurriculumCurriculum developmentdevelopment::

CurriculaCurricula toto bebe revisedrevised periodicallyperiodically..

flexibleflexible approachapproach inin developingdeveloping coursescourses andand curriculumcurriculum..

Curriculu

mCurr

iculu

mbebe de

velopedde

veloped basedbased ofof thethe lear

ninglear

ning outco

meoutco

meratherrather thanthan onon prescribedprescribed rigidrigid formatformat

AddAdd On'On'specializedspecialized vocationalvocational coursescourses toto bebe offeredoffered atatUniversityUniversity && HigherHigher InstitutionInstitution levellevel..

AddAdd--onon andand industryindustry orientedoriented coursescourses bebe providedprovided forformeetingmeeting thethe demanddemand inin industryindustry..

ModularModular systemsystem ofof VETVET bebe facilitatedfacilitated atat differentdifferent levellevelgivinggiving duedue weightageweightage toto experienceexperience inin industryindustry andandprofessionsprofessions..

Contd.Contd.


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HandsHands onon experienceexperience bebe dulyduly rewardedrewarded throughthrough thisthis

processprocess..

AA centralcentral agencyagency bebe createdcreated forfor refiningrefining coursescourses..

ForFor valuevalue addition,addition, 33--66 monthsmonths coursescourses inin banking,banking,

insurance,insurance, IT,IT, finance,finance, etcetc.. cancan bebe offeredoffered whichwhich cancanthenthen bebe outsourcedoutsourced toto companiescompanies andand banksbanks..

ModificationModification ofof thethe apprenticeshipapprenticeship TrainingTraining systemsystem withwith

focusfocus onon impartingimparting incrementalincremental skillsskills throughthrough shortshort

durationduration coursescourses suchsuch asas carpentry,carpentry, plumbing,plumbing,masonry,masonry, tiletile makers,makers, painters,painters, electricianselectricians etcetc..


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MoreMore andand moremore marketmarket orientedoriented popularpopular TradesTrades

IncreaseIncrease inin thethe numbernumber ofof tradestrades inin ITIsITIs.. DropDrop unpopularunpopular tradestrades andand introduceintroduce thosethose withwith newnew

areasareas ofof concernconcern keepingkeeping inin viewview thethe demanddemand ofof thethe

IndustryIndustry

OptimumOptimum utilizationutilization ofof availableavailable resourcesresources

InfrastructureInfrastructure availableavailable inin PolytechnicsPolytechnics andand engineeringengineering

collegescolleges bebe utilizedutilized optimallyoptimally byby followingfollowing anan integratedintegrated

modelmodel ofof skillskill buildingbuilding programmesprogrammes inin thesethese collegescolleges..

CollaborativeCollaborative efforteffort toto utilizeutilize thethe existingexisting infrastructureinfrastructure

willwill maximizemaximize thethe resourcesresources availableavailable

IncreaseIncrease thethe capacitycapacity byby runningrunning twotwo // threethree shiftsshifts


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Certification and Standard:Certification and Standard:

AnAn appropriateappropriate certificatecertificate systemsystem shouldshould bebe institutedinstituted

byby thethe CentralCe

ntral a

nda

nd statestate go

ver

nme

ntsgo

ver

nme

nts alo

ngalo

ng w

ithw

ithindustryindustry forfor certifyingcertifying thethe skillsskills ofof traineestrainees

CertificationCertification toto bebe linkedlinked withwith trainingtraining

EncourageEncourage TestingTesting ofof thethe skillsskills ofof traineestrainees byby

independentindependent assessingassessing bodiesbodies ProficiencyProficiency testtest inin variousvarious tradestrades byby independentindependent bodybody..

SkillsSkills toto bebe quantifiedquantified inin termsterms ofof gradesgrades oror creditscredits

SeparateSeparate agencyage

ncy forfor cert

ificat

io

ncert

ificat

io

n ii..ee.. NationalNationalVocationalVocational QualificationQualification (NVQ)(NVQ) asas inin AustraliaAustralia wherewhere

workersworkers onon thethe jobjob floorfloor cancan bebe testedtested andand certifiedcertified..

IndependentIndependent CertificationCertification:: CertificationCertification jointlyjointly withwith thetheGovernmentGovernment institutioninstitution andand certifiedcertified bodiesbodies oror IndustryIndustry

certificationcertification wouldwould carrycarry maximummaximum weightageweightage..


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AutonomousAutonomous IndependentIndependent AccreditationAccreditation agenciesagencies

TheThe bodybody shouldshould includeinclude representationrepresentation ofof thethe majormajor

stakeholdersstakeholders.. TheyThey couldcould havehave regionalregional officesoffices asas wellwell..

AccreditationAccreditation agenciesagencies shouldshould bebe accountableaccountable

forfor providingproviding timelytimely accreditationaccreditation

forfor ensuringensuring qualityquality training,training, adequateadequate faculty,faculty, updatedupdatedcurriculumcurriculum

availabilityavailability ofof desireddesired trainingtraining infrastructure,infrastructure, andand

resourcesresources inin thethe accreditedaccredited institutesinstitutes..

ForFor thethe desirabilitydesirability ofof selectselect tradetrade specificspecific independentindependentaccreditationaccreditation bodiesbodies couldcould alsoalso bebe examinedexamined..


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FacultyFaculty TrainingTraining withwith IndustryIndustry ParticipationParticipation

TrainingTraining ofof teachersteachers inin upcomingupcoming tradestrades andand technologiestechnologies

FacultyFaculty trainingtraining throughthrough variousvarious fellowshipfellowship programmesprogrammes

IndustryIndustry exposureexposure toto FacultyFaculty toto matchmatch thethe emergingemerging needsneedsofof thethe economyeconomy..

FlexibleFlexible teachingteaching andand CrossCross movementmovement ofof FacultyFaculty toto

industryindustry andand industryindustry personnelpersonnel toto institutioninstitution toto enhanceenhancequalityquality ofof teachingteaching learninglearning processprocess..

ActiveActive participationparticipation ofof industryindustry inin trainingtraining programmesprogrammesconductedconducted inin ITIsITIs andand technicaltechnical institutionsinstitutions..

EncourageE

ncourage e

mploy

me

nte

mploy

me

nt ofof ret

iredret

ired tra

inedtra

ined

ma

npower

ma

npower fro

mfro

m

thethe defensedefense forces,forces, employemploy skilledskilled workersworkers fromfrom thetheindustryindustry andand alsoalso retiredretired instructorsinstructors

AA numbernumber ofof autonomousautonomous bodiesbodies cancan setset upup facultyfacultytrainingtraining institutionsinstitutions toto provideprovide upup toto datedate trainingtraining..

AtAt leastleast 1515 daysdays trainingtraining everyevery yearyear shouldshould bebe mandatorymandatory..


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DevelopmentDevelopment ofof TrainingTraining materialsmaterials

DevelopDevelop properproper teachingteaching learninglearning materialmaterial forfor VETVET

keepingkeeping inin viewview thethe requirementsrequirements ofof differentdifferent tradestrades

ReRe--organizeorganize practicalpractical sessionssessions inin differentdifferent tradestrades forfor

whichwhich latestlatest equipmentequipment toto thethe traineestrainees bebe givengiven prioritypriority..

PracticalPractical trainingtraining (hands(hands--onon training)training) onon thethe shopshop floorfloor

ProjectProject workwork toto bebe mandatorymandatory inin industryindustry beforebefore thethe

awardaward ofof ITIITI certificate,cert

ificate, d

iplo

mad

iplo

ma oror degreedegree

VocationalVocational educationeducation toto bebe moremore computercomputer aidedaided andand

computerizedcomputerized programmesprogrammes shouldshould bebe partpart ofof thethe

curriculumcurriculum..


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CreatingCreating AwarenessAwareness

ThereThereis

is lacklack ofof aware

nessaware

ness aboutabout typetype ofof courses,courses,trades,trades, institutionsinstitutions andand opportunitiesopportunities inin casecase ofof VETVET..

createcreate awarenessawareness andand provideprovide allall possiblepossible informationinformation inin

variousvarious fieldsfields throughthrough variousvarious meansmeans..

CreateCreate certaincertain keykey location/centerslocation/centers wherewhere allall suchsuch typetypeofofinformationsinformations areare providedprovided..

SuchSuch centercenter shouldshould actact

asas repositoryrepository ofofinformationinformation

aa testingtesting centercenter

wherewhere somesome ofof thethe coursescourses maymay eveneven bebe conductedconducted

provideprovide allall informationinformation regardingregarding courses,courses, locationlocation

an

dan

d certi

fi

cati

on

certi

fi

cati

on


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ReRe--brandingbranding VocationalVocational EducationEducation andand TrainingTraining:: ChangingChanging thethe namename ofof ITIsITIs // ITCsITCs toto SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment

CollegesColleges

SensitizationSensitization andand PublicityPublicity campaigncampaign toto changechange thethemindmind setset

RealizationRealization thatthat SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment CollegeCollege couldcouldprovideprovide muchmuch betterbetter careercareer prospectsprospects thanthan goinggoing toto aageneralgeneral educationeducation streamstream..

ProvideProvide optionoption forfor HigherHigher EducationEducation:: provideprovide mobilitymobility fromfrom VETVET toto higherhigher educationeducation andand

vicevice versa,versa,

EligibilityEligibility forfor entryentry intointo polytechnicspolytechnics andand plusplus twotwolevellevel ofof engineeringengineering coursescourses..

CreditCredit forfor thethe numbernumber ofof yearsyears anan ITIITI studentstudentunderwentunderwent trainingtraining forfor admissionadmission toto aa collegecollege oror aauniversityuniversity..

UniversitiesUniversities toto setset upup skillskill developmentdevelopment centrescentres withwith aagoodgood degreedegree ofof autonomyautonomy toto reviverevive thethe brandbrand ofof

VocationalVocational educationeducation andand trainingtraining


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AutonomyAutonomy

Auton

om

ousAuton

om

ous StateState levelle

vel Sk

illSk

ill De

velop

me

ntDe

velop

me

ntCorporationCorporation

PromotePromote IndependentIndependent AutonomousAutonomous accreditationaccreditation

agenciesagencies ofof reputerepute

AutonomyAutonomy bebe givengiven toto institutionsinstitutions for for decidingdeciding

syllabus,syllabus, coursecourse contentcontent etcetc.. asas thethe currentcurrent systemsystem ofof

approvalapproval fromfrom variousvarious regulatoryregulatory bodiesbodies isis extremelyextremely

timetime consumingconsuming..

Documents

Status of Education and Vocational Education in India-1