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Chapter 5
Status of Audio Visual Materials in Television
Media Libraries in India : Based on Survey
5.1 Introduction
The survey was addressed at organization, management and preservation activities in
the TV media libraries, with a focus on AV materials collections accumulated by public
broadcaster (Doordarshan) and private TV broadcasters. The survey has covered all
kinds of AV collections including questions for detailed data. The aim is to get an
overview of the managerial activities, measures already taken towards preservation and
to get suggestions for further developments of the library operation which may be
considered in the context of Doordarshan Kendra (DDK) libraries, Guwahati.
The field survey has been carried out by means of personal visit and by sending
questionnaires to some selected media libraries in both public and private broadcasters.
Discussions with the library professionals and sharing different views regarding
management and preservation aspects of the library collections has given me immense
ideas which have been considered in operations of DDK libraries, Guwahati.
It may be mentioned that the private broadcasters i.e. the private satellite channels are
more reserved in allowing the researcher to visit their libraries. Despite of sending
letters and e-mails asking for permission to visit their libraries, no reply was received
from any of them. Only Guwahati based private media houses have been visited with
the help of library professionals working in those libraries. Unless and until the library
professionals are personally known, it would have not been possible to enter into these
libraries also. There may be some reasons for not allowing outsiders to observe their
AV (hidden) collections, due to tough competition among the channels in the present
society. However, the sending of questionnaires would indirectly support the
importance of AV preservation and management in the minds of those who did not
respond.
79
The public service broadcaster i.e. libraries of the DDKs have responded well, however
some answers are found not logically matching the questions arranged systematically.
This may be due to their not putting much attention during filling up of the
questionnaires. Still the compilation of the data is logically and analysis is made along
with graphical presentation.
It is found that the nature of library operations in DDKs is almost identical as these
kendras are governed by the same Directorate of Doordarshan, New Delhi. All total
sixty four numbers of kendras have formed the whole network of Doordarshan in India
comprising of five zones. Questionnaires have been sent to the kendras scattered over
the five zones.
Data quality was largely dependent upon the accuracy of the figures reported by the
respondents. In my survey, not all the respondents were library and information science
professionals; as a result some illogical replies were received which have been rectified
by discussing over phone.
The data received, have been combined with desk research and analyzed below:
5.2 Evaluation of Results
5.2.1 Response Rate
The survey was intended to make among selected 40 libraries of TV media houses
located at different parts of the country and accordingly questionnaires were sent.
Among these 40 libraries, 29 numbers are of DDKs and 11 numbers are of private
broadcasting houses. The responses received from DDKs are 16 out of 29, the
percentage is 55 and from private broadcasting houses responses are 05 out of 11, the
percentage is 45. The total responses are 52.5%.
Table: 5.2.1- Questionnaires sent out and responses received
Broadcaster Total no. of
Questionnaires
sent
Number of
Responses
received
Response
Rate
Indian Public Service
Broadcaster i.e. Doordarshan
Kendras
29
16
55%
80
Private Broadcaster i.e. Private
Satellite Channels
11 05 45%
Total 40 21 52.5%
The response rate is found neither good nor bad. Of the respondents, almost all of them
have reported the queries as asked. A few incomplete replies to some questions were
clarified over phone which have been rectified and edited logically.
5.2.2 Tape Libraries of Different Purposes
The TV media consist of Tape libraries of different kinds. The main Tape library serves
the general purposes of the media house. Apart from this main Tape library, Tape
library (News), Tape library (Commercial), Tape library (Commissioned), Tape library
(For a particular channel) etc. are organized separately for the sake of prompt service to
the users. The survey shows that 19 Tape libraries (General) i.e. the main libraries have
responded; so response is 90.5%. The 11 Tape libraries (News) have responded; so
response is 52.4%.
Table : 5.2.2 – Tape libraries with different purposes
Different Tape Libraries
DDKs N=16
Private Broadcasters N=5
Total N=21
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
General 16 100.0 3 60.0 19 90.5
News 8 50.0 3 60.0 11 52.4
Commercial 1 6.3 1 20.0 2 9.5
Satellite Channel 1 6.3 0 0.0 1 4.8
Commissioned 1 6.3 0 0.0 1 4.8
HD-DVD 0 00 1 20.0 1 4.8
It is seen that some private broadcasters are established as News channels only. Hence
they have reported only about their Tape library (News). One private broadcaster
"Prime News" has reported that it has Tape less library, i.e. library for DVD and Hard
Disk.
81
5.2.3 Variety of AV Materials Possessed by TV Media Libraries
It is found that the Betacam tape is the highest rating format which is reported by 20
libraries out of 21, i.e. 95.2% libraries. This format is very popular among the media
producers and the librarians, but now this type is on the verge of obsolescence.
Although this format is still in use, no new recording in this format is encouraged.
The DVC PRO is being used in 57.1% libraries, Mini DV in 71.4% libraries, DV Cam
in 14.3% libraries, and D-9 in 14.3% libraries. These are the digital tapes. DVC PRO
tapes are found in all regional DDKs whereas the D-9 tapes are being used by the local
kendras of Doordarshan in North East. DV Cam is reported by 14.3% libraries only.
Mini DV is reported by 71.4% libraries, which is a very small tape and are used for
news gathering purposes.
Tables : 5.2.3- Variety of AV materials
Format of AV Materials
DDKs N=16
Private Broadcasters N=5
Total N=21
Total collection
No. of libraries
%
Total collecti
on
No. of libraries
%
Total collectio
n
No. of librarie
s
%
Digital Format DVC PRO 71796 11 68.8 12000 1 20.0 83796 12 57.1 Mini DV 2637 11 68.8 25747 4 80.0 28384 15 71.4 DV CAM 274 1 6.3 286 2 40.0 560 3 14.3 D-9 6192 4 25.0 0. 0 0.0 6192 4 19.0
Magnetic Format Betacam 139622 16 100.0 1678 4 80.0 141300 20 95.2 Umatic 50623 12 75.0 500 1 20.0 51123 13 61.9 BCN 10959 11 68.8 0. 0 0.0 10959 11 52.4
Optical Format CD 13035 8 50.0 1050 3 60.0 14085 11 52.4 DVD 6084 9 56.3 5595 4 80.0 11679 13 61.9
Others Audio Magnetic 95 1 6.3 0. 0 0.0 95 1 4.8 DAT 0. 0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 Gramophone 410 5 31.3 0. 0 0.0 410 5 23.8 Cassette 3×2 291 1 6.3 0. 0 0.0 291 1 4.8 VHS 6214 4 25.0 0. 0 0.0 6214 4 19.0 Photograph 11042 2 12.5 0. 0 0.0 11042 2 9.5 Hard Disk 0. 0 0.0 24 3 60.0 24 3 14.3
82
Although the BCN, Umatic H/b, L/b are reported by 52.4% and 61.9% libraries
respectively, these are the legacy formats and stored in the libraries. Because no BCN,
Umatic tapes are found existing today, even the playback equipments have also
vanished from the market except in a few places like Doordarshan Central Archives
where these play back machines are conserved for recovering the old valued
programmes. The Umatic and BCN formats as reported by the respondent libraries are
being stored as legacy formats only.
The responses in case of optical media is found satisfactory. Out of 21 libraries, 52.4%
libraries use CDs and 61.9% libraries use DVDs. The responses for other formats are
very less which signifies that these are less essential AV materials in the libraries.
Fig: 5.2.3- Variety of AV Materials
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DV
C P
RO
Min
i D
V
DV
CA
M
D-9
Be
tac
am
Um
ati
c
BC
N
CD
DV
D
Au
dio
Mag
ne
tic
DA
T
Gram
op
ho
ne
Ca
sse
tte
3×
2
VH
S
Ph
oto
gra
ph
Ha
rd
Dis
k
Digital Format Magnetic
Format
Optical
Format
Others
In P
erce
nt
Variety of AV materials possessed by TV media libraries
83
5.2.4 Library Staff : Professional and Non Professional
It is found that the professional library staff are very less in DDKs. Out of 16 libraries,
02 libraries do not have professional staff, 07 libraries i.e. 43.8% have reported 01
professional staff, 04 libraries i.e. 25% have reported 02 professionals, 02 libraries i.e.
12.5% have reported 03 professionals and only 01 library i.e. 6.3% has reported
maximum 04 professional staff in their libraries.
The personal enquiry into the libraries of the DDKs of North East India shows that, out
of 12 kendras in total, only the DDK, Guwahati and PPC(NE):DD, Guwahati are having
one professional staff each. The remaining 10 kendras’ libraries are run by other non
professional staff. The recruitment was in 1994 for the last time, since then no library
professional staff are recruited. On the other hand, some of the vacant posts of Library
and Information Assistant have been abolished.
Tables: 5.2.4- Library staff : Professional and Non-Professional
Staff category No. of
staff
DDKs
Private Broadcasters
Total
No. of
libraries % No. of
libraries % No. of
libraries %
Professional Staff Nil 2
12.5
0
0.0
2 9.5
1 7 43.8 0 0.0 7 33.3
2 4 25.0 1 20.0 5 23.8
3 2 12.5 4 80.0 6 28.6
4 1 6.3 0 0.0 1 4.8
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
Non-Professional Staff
Nil
0 0.0
3
60.0
3 14.3
1 8 50.0 1 20.0 9 42.9
2 4 25.0 1 20.0 5 23.8
3 2 12.5 0 0.0 2 9.5
4 2 12.5 0 0.0 2 9.5
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
The private broadcasters show that they are having more professional staff in
comparison to DDKs. Out of 05 libraries, 04 have reported to have 03 professional staff
and 01 library has reported 02 professional staff. On the other hand, existence of non-
84
professional staff in public broadcasters is found more than in the private broadcasters.
All the 16 public broadcasters' libraries are having non-professional staff whereas only
02 libraries out of 05 libraries of private broadcasters have reported to have their non-
professional staff.
Fig: 5.2.4- Library staff : Professional and Non-Professional
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Public
Broadcaster
Private
Broadcaster
Public
Broadcaster
Private
Broadcaster
Professional Non-Professional
In P
erc
en
t
Number of Library Staff
Nill
1
2
3
4
Overall staff position is found inadequate.
5.2.5 Acquisition of AV Materials
It is found that the libraries of DDKs receive new (blank) tapes 100% from their Central
Purchase and Stores (CP&S) at New Delhi. The CP&S purchases centrally and
distributes the materials on demand to all the DDKs throughout the country. The private
satellite channels purchase their new AV materials 100% from the market. The AV
programmes are recorded in the blank tapes and are deposited in the libraries.
Moreover, the libraries acquire programmed tapes from outside producers who produces
sponsored programmes, commercial spots and commissioned programmes, etc. on
certain agreement with them. Some tapes containing news items are received from news
stringers. Of course some of the tapes are returnable after telecast.
85
Table: 5.2.5 Acquisition of AV materials
Mode of Acquisition
DDKs N=16
Private Broadcasters
N=5
Total N=21
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
Office purchase directly 0 0.0 5 100.0 5 23.8
Received from Central Store 16 100.0 0 0.0 16 76.2
Commissioned 4 25.0 0 0.0 4 19.0
Sponsored 3 18.8 1 20.0 4 19.0
Commercial 3 18.8 1 20.0 4 19.0
5.2.6 Accessioning of AV Materials
All the responded libraries reported that they put accession no. (Acc no.) to each tape.
But it becomes evident that in true sense, it is not an Acc no, rather it is a tape no only.
Because Acc no is always unique no, but in these libraries, most of them put this no
according to format of tapes i.e. the Betacam, DVC-PRO, Mini DV etc all formats are
serially numbered starting from 1. One of the purposes of accessioning, i.e. to reveal
statistics of the library holdings will be served only after adding all the numbers, which
are given according to format of tapes in case of these TV media libraries.
Table :5.2.6 – Method of accessioning of AV materials
Method of Accessioning
DDKs Private
Broadcasters Total No. of
libraries %
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
According to types of Tapes 8 50.0 5 100.0 13 61.9
According to duration of Tapes
5 31.3 0 0 5 23.8
According to Types and Duration of Tapes
3 18.8 0 0 3 14.3
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
Secondly, 05 DDK libraries have reported accessioning according to duration of tapes
and 03 DDK libraries have stated that the Acc no is put according to types and duration
of tapes. It signifies that the tapes are subdivided again under one format according to
their duration, as for e.g. the Betacam tapes are of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90
86
minutes duration. These tapes of different duration are given numbers separately from 1.
In such cases, to get the total number of Betacam tapes, all the types of different
duration must be summed up. Like wise the other formats are also numbered according
to their duration of tapes.
Moreover this number is preceded by some alpha numeric numbers. As for example a
tape of DDK, Guwahati contains number like DDK/GHY/BETA/30/001 or
DDK/GHY/DVC-PRO/64/001 and so on which identifies Kendra name, type of tape
format, duration and at last the serial number. So it can not be treated as an Acc no.
5.2.7 Classification of AV Materials
Out of 21 libraries, 17 libraries have reported to have no classification. On the other
hand, 04 libraries have stated that they have classification systems of their own. Out of
these 04 libraries, 02 libraries are of DDKs and 02 libraries are of private broadcasters.
Table : 5.2.7 – Classification of AV Materials
Classification system
DDKs Private broadcaster Total
No. of libraries
% No. of
libraries %
No. of libraries
%
Yes 2 12.5 2 40.0 4 19.0
No
14 87.5 3 60.0 17 81.0
Total
16 100 5 100 21 100
In practical field, the AV materials are not classified under any classification scheme.
However, the four libraries have reported about their classification of the holdings, they
might keep their AV materials together according to subjects, but no classified numbers
are put on the tapes, so far the researcher’s knowledge is concerned.
87
Fig : 5.2.7 – Classification of AV Materials
19%
81%
Classification of AV materials
Yes
No
Of course there are certain problems of classification of the AV materials which have
been discussed earlier in Chapter 4 under the heading of Physical Arrangement.
5.2.8 Cataloguing of AV Materials
Out of 21 libraries, 14 have reported to have no cataloguing whereas 07 libraries have
reported to have some cataloguing systems in their libraries. Out of these 07 libraries,
05 libraries are from DDKs and 02 libraries are from private broadcasters.
Table: 5.2.8 – Cataloguing of AV Materials
Cataloguing System
DDKs Private Total
No. of libraries
% No. of
libraries %
No. of libraries
%
Yes 5 31.3 2 40.0 7 33.3
No 11 68.8 3 60.0 14 66.7
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
88
Fig: 5.2.8 – Cataloguing of AV Materials
33.3%
66.7%
Cataloguing of AV materials
Yes
No
These libraries are found not maintaining catalogues under any cataloguing code
whereas the records of library holdings are maintained either in registers or in
computers.
5.2.9 Stages of Library Automation
Table :5.2.9 – Stages of library automation
Stages of Automation
DDKs Private Total
No. of libraries
% No. of
libraries %
No. of libraries
%
Fully automated 0 0 0 0 0 0
Partially automated 7 43.8 4 80.0 11 52.4
Automation in progress 5 31.3 1 20.0 6 28.6
Still not starting 4 25.0 0 0 4 19.0
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
It is found that no libraries are fully automated. Out of 21 libraries, 52.4% libraries have
reported about partial automation. 28.6% libraries have reported automation in progress
and 19% libraries have reported that they have not started their automation process.
These 19% libraries are found from public broadcasters only.
89
5.2.10 Use of Library Software
The libraries have reported the software they are using as below:
Table: 5.2.10 Use of Software in the Libraries
Software
DDKs Private Broadcasters Total
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
ARCLIB 8 66.7 0 0 8 47.1
CDS-ISIS 0 0 3 60.0 3 17.6
LIBRARIAN 1 8.3 0 0 1 5.9
Not mentioned 3 25.0 1 20.0 4 23.5
In Excel/Access Format 0 0 1 20.0 1 5.9
Total 12 100.0 5 100.0 17 100.0
Fig: 5.2.10 Use of Software in the Libraries
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
ARCLIB CDS-ISIS LIBRARIAN Not
mentioned
In
Excel/Access
Format
47.1
17.6
5.9
23.5
5.9
In P
erc
en
t
Use of Software in the Libraries
ARCLIB is a tape database management software (66.7%) used in the DDK libraries. It
has been developed to meet the needs of the DDK libraries. But the DDK, Jalandhar
library has reported that they use the “Librarian” software. CDS/ISIS is reported by
90
60% libraries of private broadcasters. The library of the Prime News Channel has
reported tape less and they use Microsoft Access and Excel for database management.
These are not library software. The librarian has programmed so as to utilize in the
library activities.
It is found that the private broadcasters' libraries choose their software according to their
own choice whereas the DDK libraries are provided the ARCLIB by their Directorate
only. The library of Jalandhar DDK has used “Librarian” since a time before the
ARCLIB came.
5.2.11 Record Management Technique
Table : 5.2.11 – Record management technique
Record Management Technique
DDKs Private
Broadcasters Total
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
Maintaining register only
10 62.5 1 20.0 11 52.4
Maintaining computer record
2 12.5 1 20.0 3 14.3
Both
4 25.0 3 60.0 7 33.3
Total
16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
The analysis shows that there is no fully automated library. Hence, libraries maintain
registers. It is found 62.5% libraries from DDKs and 20% library from private
broadcasters have maintained registers. On the other hand, out of total 21 libraries,
14.3% maintain computer record and 33.3% have maintained registers as well as
computer records.
5.2.12 Tape Dope Sheet in Libraries
Tape Dope sheet is a slip of paper, contains some essential information of the
programme recorded in a tape and it is kept inside that particular tape.
Table : 5.2.12 – Use of Tape Dope Sheet in the libraries
Dope Sheet use DDKs Private Broadcasters Total
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
Yes
15 93.8 4 80.0 19 90.5
91
No
1 6.3 1 20.0 2 9.5
Total
16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
Only except two libraries, one of which is the tape less library, all the responded
libraries (90.5%) maintain dope sheets inside the tapes. The tape number is
compulsorily be written at the top and the important information of the programme
contained in the particular tape are noted in the dope sheet. Hence, an user find a tape
and see the dope sheet first and get all details about the programme content.
It is found that the preferential sequence of the record fields of the dope sheet in a
decreasing order is : programme title, programme duration, producer's name, telecast
date, recording date, channels, tape reading, artist and technical team names, notes on
special programme.
5.2.13 Arrangement of AV Materials on Shelves
The arranging order of the AV materials in the library shelves is a vital question from
the point of their easy retrieval. The AV materials are of different shape and size, these
cannot be arranged serially in a line. The libraries must arrange them serially but tapes
of format wise, which has been reflected in the survey results.
68.8% of DDKs and 80% libraries of private broadcasters have arranged their materials
according to Acc no, 68.8% libraries of DDKs and 60% libraries of private broadcasters
have reported the arrangement according to the format of tapes. Only 6.3% libraries
from DDKs and 60% libraries from private broadcaster have reported that they arrange
tapes according to the classification number.
Table: 5.2.13—Arrangement of AV materials in Shelves.
Arranging Order
DDKs N=16
Private Broadcasters
N=5 Total N=21
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
According to Acc no
11 68.8 4 80.0 15 71.4
According to format of Tapes
11 68.8 3 60.0 14 66.7
According to Classification No.
1 6.3 3 60.0 4 19.0
Title of the Programmes 0 0 1 20.0 1 4.8
92
Fig: 5.2.13—Arrangement of AV materials in Shelves.
20% libraries of private broadcasters have reported their arrangement of AV materials
according to title of the programme.
5.2.14 Users’ Approach
The study shows that, the users approaches are on multiple choices. Maximum
approaches i.e. 85.7% are found with programme title.
Table 5.2.14 : Users’ approach in the libraries
Approaches according to
DDKs
Private Broadcaster
Total N=21
No. of libraries
No. of libraries
No. of libraries
%
Tape No.
12 2 14 66.7
Programme Title
14 4 18 85.7
Subject of programme
2 0 2 9.5
Stock shot/Footage
2 1 3 14.3
Director/Producer's name
1 1 2 9.5
Artist name
2 1 3 14.3
Telecast date
0 2 2 9.5
93
Fig. 5.2.14 - Users’ approach in the libraries
66.7
85.7
9.5
14.39.5
14.3 9.5
Users approaches
Tape No.
Programme Title
Subject of programme
Stock shot/Footage
Director/Producer's name
Artist name
Telecast date
Also they come searching for tape numbers (66.7%), programme titles (85.7%),
particular subjects (9.5%), particular shots/footage (14.3%), producer / director’s name
(9.5%), artist’s name (14.3%), date of telecast (9.5%), etc.
5.2.15 Archives Cell
Out of 21, 17 libraries have reported about their archives cell in their respective
libraries. The percentage is 81.
Table: 5.2.15- Archives Cell in the libraries
Archive Cell
DDKs Private Broadcasters Total
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
Yes 13 81.3 4 80.0 17 81.0
No 3 18.8 1 20.0 4 19.0
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
The media archives intend to store different formats of tapes containing valued
programmes for future active use. Generally the media librarians are found to be
interested to keep their good programmes with their best effort and care and thereby it
seems to have obligation towards preserving of such programme. This sense of
94
preserving a programme for long future use, may be regarded as basic motto of
archiving. Keeping this idea in mind, most of the responded libraries have mentioned
that they are having archives cells. But there may not be physically a separate building
or other infrastructure meant for an archives. The valued programmes are kept separated
inside the library itself and may be treated as an archive cell. Autonomous AV archives
are very rare. Generally they have a high awareness of preservation problems and their
solutions. The Doordarshan have a Central Archives at New Delhi.
5.2.16 Damage Factors of AV Materials
The factors for damage of AV materials are found maximum 81% from fungus, 57.1%
from dust, 47.6% from temperature/humidity, 19% from poor physical facility, 9.5%
from mishandling and 4.8% from overuse as reported by the responded libraries.
The table below has been extracted according to the age of the libraries. The analysis
has been done under three age groups of 1-15, 16-30 years and above 30 years.
Table 5.2.16 : Damage factors of AV materials and no. of libraries.
Damage Factors
Age of Library
Total N=21
1 - 15 years
16 - 30 years
Above 30 years
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
No. of libraries %
Fungus
2 9.5 9 42.9 6 28.6 17 81.0
Temperature/Humidity
3 14.3 6 28.6 1 4.8 10 47.6
Dust
3 14.3 7 33.3 2 9.5 12 57.1
Poor Physical facilities
0 0.0 4 19.0 0 0.0 4 19.0
Mishandling
1 4.8 1 4.8 0 0.0 2 9.5
Over use
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 4.8 1 4.8
Growth of moulds or fungus is the main enemy of the tapes. Once it is formed in a tape,
it contaminates other tapes and ramifies to all adjacent tapes. The variation of
temperature and humidity is also a big factor for damaging the AV materials. Because
the libraries do not maintain 24 hours air conditioning. Dust is also a very harmful
factor. Close access may reduce dust problem but it may again create inconvenience to
the users.
95
Fig: 5.2.16 : Damage factors of AV materials and no. of libraries.
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Fu
ng
us
Te
mp
era
ture
/
Hu
mid
ity Du
st
Po
or
Ph
ysi
cal
faci
litie
s
Mis
ha
nd
ling
Ov
er
use
81.0
47.657.1
19.09.5
4.8
In P
erc
en
tDamage factors of AV materials
The problems of mishandling, over use and VTR machine can be over come by
transferring the tape contents into digital computer files. It is anticipated to have the
tape less and file based AV media libraries in a near future.
5.2.17 Preservation Measures of AV Materials
On enquiry into some primary measures of preservation, it is found that the libraries
have very less effort/initiative to preserve the AV materials.
Table 5.2.17 Measures for preservation of AV materials
Preservation Measures
No. of libraries
1 - 15 years
16 - 30 years
Above 30 years
Total N=21
%
Chemicals 3 1 0 4 19.0
Regular rewind 1 3 4 8 38.1
Transferring to new tapes 2 8 5 15 71.4
Dust Cleaning 1 1 1 3 14.3
Maintaining AC 1 1 0 2 9.5
96
Fig 5.2.17 Measures for preservation of AV libraries
Chemicals Regular
rewind
Transferring
to new
tapes
Dust
Cleaning
Maintaining
AC
19.0
38.1
71.4
14.39.5
Preservation Measures of AV materials
Out of 21, 15 nos. of libraries (71.4%) have reported that they transfer the programme
from old tapes to new format of tapes. 08 libraries (38.1%) reported that they regularly
rewind and forwarded the less used tapes. 04 libraries (19%) stated, they use chemicals-
mainly the silica gel. On the other hand, 03 libraries (14.3%) have practices of dust
cleaning and 02 libraries (9.5%) maintain air conditioning of their libraries.
5.2.18 Shelving System in the Libraries
The wooden racks were predominantly used by the media libraries for shelving the AV
materials which were mainly the magnetic video tapes. It was stated that the moisture
can seep into woods and thereby help the AV materials from certain harm from
moisture. But the seepage of moisture into wooden racks cause them rot.
Table: 5.2.18- Types of shelves and no. of libraries
Kinds of Shelves
Age of Library
1 - 15 years 16 - 30 years Above 30
years Total
No. of
libraries
%
No. of
libraries
%
No. of
libraries
%
No. of
libraries
%
Wooden racks
3 14.3 0 0 0 0 3 14.3
Steel racks 0 0 5 23.8 3 14.3 8 38.1
97
Compactor shelving
0 0 1 4.8 2 9.5 3 14.3
Wooden racks and Steel racks
0 0 2 9.5 0 0 2 9.5
Wooden racks and Compactor shelving
0 0 2 9.5 0 0 2 9.5
Wooden racks and Glass racks
1 4.8 0 0 0 0 1 4.8
Wooden racks, Steel racks and Compactor shelving
0 0 0 0 1 4.8 1 4.8
Wooden racks, Steel racks and Compactor shelving and Glass racks
0 0 1 4.8 0 0 1 4.8
Total
4 19.0 11 52.4 6 28.6 21 100.0
Fig: 5.2.18 Types of shelves and no. of libraries
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Wooden racks, Steel racks and …
Wooden racks, Steel racks and …
Wooden racks and Glass racks
Wooden racks and Compactor shelving
Wooden racks and Steel racks
Compactor shelving
Steel racks
Wooden racks
4.8
4.8
4.8
9.5
9.5
14.3
38.1
14.3
In Percent
Shelving system in the libraries
Gradually the wooden racks have been replaced by the metal racks as they are durable
and perform their function well. Now the AV materials have changed tremendously into
mini formats and the shelves’ design also have changed according to the requirement.
The metallic compactor shelving system is useful for saving the library space. It is
reported by 07 libraries of DDKs. The DDK libraries are found encouraging the
compactor shelving system.
98
5.2.19 Infrastructure Facility
The replies to the queries relating to the infrastructure facility have been found as
below.
Table 5.2.19- Infrastructure facility
Ratings on Infrastructure facilities
DDKs Private Broadcasters Total
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
No. of libraries
%
Excellent 2 12.5 2 40.0 4 19.0
Satisfactory 12 75.0 2 40.0 14 66.7
Average 2 12.5 1 20.0 3 14.3
Total 16 100.0 5 100.0 21 100.0
Fig: 5.2.19- Infrastructure facility
19.0%
66.7%
14.3%
Infrastructure Facility
Excellent
Satisfactory
Average
The infrastructure is a key component for achieving the library's goal. Out of all
responded libraries, 19% have reported to have excellent infrastructure facility in their
libraries. 66.7% libraries have replied that their infrastructure facility is satisfactory and
14.3% libraries rated as average.
99
5.3 Conclusion
The survey has been made to get the ongoing practices relating to organization,
management and preservation of the AV materials in the TV media libraries. The
comparative results are found very interesting, however some ambiguous results have
been found in answers to the logically arranged questions. It may be treated as a high
level awareness programme among them who responded and a general awareness
programme may be resulted in them who did not respond.
The tables and figures derived from the survey has exposed an interesting ongoing
scenario of the TV media libraries in India. The variations in the library operations,
organization system, library management, preservation procedures, etc. have become
conspicuous in the survey. The survey could not find any digitization programme in the
libraries. However, the Central Archives, Doordarshan has been doing digitization of
their analog contents of the valued programmes.
After completion of the survey, it becomes clear that the management and preservation
practices are still lagging far behind and staff position is inadequate in the TV media
libraries. It appears that there is no co-ordination among the constituent DDK libraries
under a central library authority in each of the DDKs.
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