Status and Perspective of Transport Biofuels in Korea · Nuclear Renewable Economic & Environmental 596 109 393 174 811 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 Petr- Coal oleum Renew-able Petr -Coal

Northeast Asia Petroleum Forum 2011, Seoul, October 18-19, 2011

Status and Perspective of Transport Biofuels in Korea

2011. 10. 19

Jin-Suk Lee

Korea Institute of Energy Research


Agenda

I. Introduction

II. Current status of transport biofuels in Korea

III. Research initiatives

IV. Summary


I. Introduction


Global CO2 Mitigation Scenario (IEA, 2010)


Blue Map Transport Fuel Demand (IEA, 2010)

Market share: Biofuels 27.0% Electricity 7.6% Hydrogen 6.0%


Bioenergy Use Scenario (IEA, 2010)

Energ

y u

se, ×

10

6 t

oe

Bioheat

Yean


II. Current Status of

Transport Biofuels in Korea


Green Energy Vision in Korea

• CO2 reduction target

By 2020, 30% CO2 reduction based on BAU scenario

• Implementation of Renewable Energy

By 2030, 11% of primary energy consumption will be

supplied by renewable energy

Bioenergy will play the key role for realizing the Green Energy Vision in Korea


Optimum Energy Mix

1. Optimum energy mix (consideration factors)

Environmental factor

Economic factor

Coal

Petroleum

LNG

Nuclear

Renewable

Economic & Environmental

596

109 393

174

811

0.8 1.1

0.6

0.0 0.2

Coal Petr- oleum

Renew- able

LNG Nuclear Coal Petr- oleum

Renew- able

Nuclear LNG

$ / TOE $ / TOE $ / TOE

Carbon Ton / TOE

Consideration factors: Economy and Environment


Fuels Consumption in Korea

• General aspects on the fuels for the transport

in Korea

- Gasoline consumption

1.0 x 107 ton/year

- Diesel consumption

2.0 x 107 ton/year

All crude oils are imported !


BD5 is subject to diesel fuel specification, and supplied only by refiners.

Bus and truck company can use BD20 on their own accord.

Distribution Infra of Biodiesel

BD100 BD5 BD5

BD20 1)

Biodiesel Suppliers (21 companies in 2009)

* 900,000kL/yr

Refiners (4 refiners )

Gas Station Customer

Bus, truck and construction equipment operators who are equipped with „certified storage tank‟ and „self-repair shop‟

1) 10% during winter season(11/1~3/13)

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://image.r114.co.kr/imgdata/bun/pp3906.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.r114.co.kr/z/board/news_detail.asp%3Fonly%3D0%26m_%3D1%26g_%3D%26bno%3D72%26addrcheck%3D%26num%3D383%26flag%3D%26kind%3D%26page%3D1%26startpage%3D1&usg=__L8TI3CGBFzdX0AxUw6tOnVWO4yc=&h=354&w=540&sz=43&hl=ko&start=2&um=1&tbnid=7nqjyAG33QuQDM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25EC%25A0%2595%25EC%259C%25A0%25EA%25B3%25B5%25EC%259E%25A5%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sisapress.com/news/photo/200708/44098_42087_415.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sisapress.com/news/articleView.html%3Fidxno%3D44098&usg=__jqBLwZ9mS27MUqnzDuSe7PBVnmw=&h=400&w=600&sz=222&hl=ko&start=1&um=1&tbnid=iNII5nqs2s4hVM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25EB%25B0%2594%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%2598%25A4%25EB%2594%2594%25EC%25A0%25A4%2B%25EA%25B3%25B5%25EC%259E%25A5%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kimgiza.com:8888/files/attach/images/73/11625/20080407_empas1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kimgiza.com:8888/11625&usg=__KMJYsp64lr5pI_TDZVHhvVb28zk=&h=240&w=327&sz=42&hl=ko&start=5&um=1&tbnid=WFFLmoA8qx056M:&tbnh=87&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259C%25A0%25EC%2586%258C%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://in.segye.com/attach/22/1204703895.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.isegye.com/5298&usg=__mk3Rb0ItHv0iyMqMJOlpQBegSf8=&h=399&w=600&sz=123&hl=ko&start=9&um=1&tbnid=pVLlFLfSEwLllM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25EC%259E%2590%25EB%258F%2599%25EC%25B0%25A8%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.andong.go.kr/upload/%EC%8B%9C%EC%B2%AD%EB%B2%84%EC%8A%A4%2520%EB%9E%A9%ED%95%91%EB%94%94%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B8%2520%EC%99%84%EC%84%B1%2520011(0).jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.andong.go.kr/open_content/ko/administrative/government/important_policy/%3Fcommand%3Dview%26page%3D1%26id%3D697EA199-B50E-4626-9235-E01F66FE1380&usg=__wmIBMaY7Iu0XDN-E1hcU-ERVLo4=&h=2472&w=3296&sz=1901&hl=ko&start=291&um=1&tbnid=MRsGENEKn314fM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25EB%25B2%2584%25EC%258A%25A4%26ndsp%3D20%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26start%3D280%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.autotimes.co.kr/showimg.php%3Fsubmenu%3D22%26fn%3D20200_2_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://car.donga.com/board/board.php%3Fbbs%3Dcar_news_0907%26no%3D118%26depth%3D0%26page%3D10%26s_work%3Dview&usg=__HFDK26wfuCf3-xahyHm8s-nsDeI=&h=385&w=580&sz=105&hl=ko&start=72&um=1&tbnid=MRNDR5pnlMB98M:&tbnh=89&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25ED%258A%25B8%25EB%259F%25AD%26ndsp%3D20%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://kr.gobizkorea.com/att/cat/worldkorea21/tp_html/img/worldkorea21_cat_1_small_img_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.digitalsme.com/search_result/search.jsp%3Fkwd%3D%25EB%2593%25B1%25EB%25A1%259D%25EC%259D%25BC&usg=__vshHHfAfwbUCpcQUefCj9hT2ziY=&h=400&w=600&sz=186&hl=ko&start=8&um=1&tbnid=soA1xv9KRBg9FM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25EA%25B1%25B4%25EC%2584%25A4%25EA%25B8%25B0%25EA%25B3%2584%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1


2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Biodiesel, ton

15 50 200 400 600

Biodiesel

Blending, % - 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0

X 103 toe

Action Plan for Biodiesel (MKE, 2007)


Began in 2002 as demonstration project.

Biodiesel is used 1.5% in 2009, and 3.0% in 2012 of total diesel consumption.

- 0.5% increases in each year

BD5 is commercialized in Korea in 2006, marked as the first country in Asia.

BD20 is limited on the vehicles enabling to repair in their own facilities due

to the technological problems.

Long Term 5.0% Mix Target

Tax Incentives

Feedstock

Infrastructure

Quality &

Technology

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

Exemption Support

Demo Plantation of Rapeseed

Feasibility Study of

Multi- feedstock

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

Tax Exemption

Standard

Reinforcement

The development of low-cost high-efficient biodiesel production technology

Review of

Dissemination

2013 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

- 10 -

Policy on Biodiesel


Demonstration Supply of Gasohol in Korea

Anhydrous bio-ethanol

Sub-octane gasoline

Line blending facility

Gas Stations

Project Period: August 2006 – July 2008


Blending bio-ethanol fuel

Consumption of a gas station : 7,000L/month Actual Consumer : City hall, provincial offices, and schools, etc

E3 Supplier of Honam

(광주 광산 흑석주유소)

Manufacturer of Anhydrous Ethanol

E5 Supplier of Gyeonggi

(용인 남동 행복주유소)

E5 Supplier of Chungcheong

(청주 흥덕 신봉주유소)

E3 Supplier of Yeongnam

(울산 울주 온산주유소)

Demonstration Supply of Gasohols (E3, E5)


Transport Biofuels from Waste

<CHP>

<Transport Biofuel>

Food waste,

Cattle

manure,

Sludge

Anaerobic Digestion

Energy Use Organic wastes

Biogas

CO2

<Cattle Manure>

<Co-digestion>


Demonstration Biodiesel plant empoying Solid Catalyst

Glycerin

Solid catalyst

Waste Fats

Classical Basic Catalyst

Glycerin

BD

BD

The first biodiesel plant adopted solid catalyst system in the world for waste fats (SMPOT)

(Courtesy of SM-POT Inc)


Target for Bioenergy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008)

BE : 0.34 x 106 toe BE : 10.18 x 106 toe

X 29.9

Other, 6.2%

Waste,

33.4% Bio

30.8%

Wind

12.6%

Ocean

4.7%

Water 4.4%

Solar

4.1% Geothermal

3.8%

Other

0.7%

Solar

0.5% Wind

1.6%

Bio

6.0% Water

16.4%

Waste

74.8%

In 2030 In 2007

RE : 5.61 x 106 toe RE : 33.3 x 106 toe

X 5.9


Targets for Bioenergy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008)


Challenging Issues

• Supporting Policy

Tax deficit due to biodiesel supply was 0.2 billion dollars in

2010, so considers the change of supporting policy from

“Tax Exemption” to “Mandatory Use”

• Stable supply of feedstocks

More than a half of total feedstocks needs to be supplied

domestically


RFS Consiered

• Due to high financial deficit, Korean government is now considering the introduction of mandatory use of biofuels in the transport sector (Renewable Fuel Standard, RFS)

• Now the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (MKE) is preparing the draft of the policy. It will be enacted soon and be effective from 2013

• The mid- and long-term implementation targets of the transport biofuels may be achieved


III. Research Initiatives


R&D on Biofuels Derived from Inedible Biomass

• Biofuels from Lignocellulosics

- Bio alcohols

• Biofuels from Aquatic Biomass

- Macroalgae

- Microalgae


Strategy for Securing Stable

Supply of Feedstocks

Utilization of Available Biomass

(Agricultural residues, Forest residues)

Identification and New Biomass

(Aquatic biomass,

Energy crops

Utilization of Foreign Biomass

(Plantation residues)

Stable Supply of Feedstocks for Transport biofuels


Lignocellulosic Biomass

Palm Plantation residues (Courtesy by Samsung C&T)

New Energy Crops (Courtesy by B.C. Koo)

Geodae-Eoksae


Process Flow of Cellulosic Alcohols

Lignocellulosics

Pretreatment Hydrolysis/ Fermentation

Ethanol

Cellulases

Butanol


F-T Fuel Synthesis

• Feed: Synthesis gas

• Capacity : 0.01 bbl oil/d

• Technology :

- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis - Fixed-bed reactor

• Reaction heat control

Compact heat-exchanger typed F-T reactor

• Target: Compact F-T reactor (GTL based)


(Adapted from Novozymes Inc)

Algal Biomass


Bio-alcohols from Macroalgae

Enzyme

Or Acid

Agar (Galactan)

Galactose

Ethanol

Acetone

Butanol Ethanol

Algae

Fibers (Cellulose)

Glucose

Mono Sugars Fermentation

Pretreatment

Pretreatment

Enzyme

Or Acid

Direct Saccharification

Utilization of anhydrogalactose (AHG) is the main challenging issue!


Biodiesel from Microalgae (I)

Coal power plant

Mass-cultivation

Biomass

Extraction

CO2 Lipid

Carbohydrate Biomass

Biodiesel

Biogasoline

Power / Heat

Hydrogen

Chemical conversion

Thermo-chemical

conversion

Mass cultivation of microalgae is the main challenging issue!


IV. Summary

- Transport biofuels will take the key role for realizing the sustainable society in Korea

- Identification of the suitable feedstocks is the major challenging issue

- Biofuels from non-conventional feedstocks may be a promising option to meet the target of the biofuels implementation


Thank You for Kind Attention!

Documents

Status and Perspective of Transport Biofuels in Korea · Nuclear Renewable Economic & Environmental 596 109 393 174 811 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 Petr- Coal oleum Renew-able Petr -Coal