De La Salle UniversitySCIENCE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Manila

ELM510M(Exercise No. 2)

Directions: Solve the following statistical problems manually and using the SPSS. Show all pertinent steps in your manual solutions. Further, submit the data view display of you analysis apart from the SPSS outputs.

I. One-Factor ANOVA

1. A clinical psychologist is interested in evaluating treatments for panic attacks. The number of reported panic attacks during the 6-month program of treatment is used as the dependent variable. Fifteen clients suffering from panic disorder are randomly assigned to three conditions. In the Breathing condition, clients are taught how to breathe slowly and deeply at the first sign of attack. Clients in the Medication condition are given 1 mg of a medicine, three times a day. Clients in the Control condition are not provided with any treatment. The data are presented in the following table. Determine mean differences, if any, using the ANOVA and the most appropriate multiple comparison procedure and write a sound non-statistical interpretation of the statistical results.

Breathing Medication Control1622159

13

1215131812

912161810

2. A clinical psychologist hypothesizes that tension procedure by frustration can be relieved if the person is allowed to respond aggressively. However, it is unknown what form the aggression must take in order for tension reduction to occur. All subjects in the experiment are asked to complete an intellectually demanding task. While working on the task, the experiment keeps interrupting the subject, correcting mistakes, offering advice, and slowing the progress of the subject. After this phase of the experiment, the independent variable is defined by the opportunity afforded the subject to express aggression. In the Overt Aggression condition, subjects become a “teacher” and are required to administer a loud, noxious noise when a confederate-learner makes a mistake on a memory task. In the Verbal

Aggression condition, subjects are asked to write an evaluation of the experiment, which will be made available to the experimenter’s supervisor. In the Fantasy Aggression condition, subjects are given the Thematic Apperception Test. This test is compared to several pictures depicting, for the most part, interpersonal scenes. The subject is asked to make up a story for each card, thus allowing for the expression of aggressive fantasies. The dependent variable is the change in systolic blood pressure from just after the frustration induction experience to just after the opportunity for subjects to express aggression.

Use α = 0.05 to test the null hypothesis. Conduct all possible post hoc comparisons if the F test is significant.

Opportunity for AggressionOvert Verbal Fantasy

-10 -5-8-3

-11+3-15+3+4-12-3+6

-2+20-1-5+1-9-10-3-5-1

0-40

+50-20-2-6-2-40

3. Researchers have noted that chronic severe muscle-contraction headaches respond quite well to antidepressant medication, as well as biofeedback for relaxing the muscles of the forehead. A health psychologist is interested in making direct comparison between these two modes of treatment. Forty-five headache sufferers are randomly assigned to three conditions: Medication, Biofeedback and No Treatment control. Treatment lasts for 5 months, during which time the number of weekly headaches is recorded. Conduct an F test (α = 0.05) and post hoc comparisons to determine the relative effects of these three treatment conditions. The raw scores are the average number of headaches per week, over the 5-month period of treatment.

Medication Biofeedback Control212678632012045

423542740305123

578

1082882516218

II. Two-Factor ANOVA

1. An educational psychologist is interested in the effects of delayed feedback on learning, and if delayed feedback operates differently as a function of educational level. All subjects, comprised of freshmen and seniors, are administered a 15-question test; after answering the questions, the subjects are given the correct answers at various intervals, depending on which experimental condition they are assigned. All subjects are given the same test four days later. The dependent variable is how many questions they answer correctly. Set alpha at 0.05.

Source Factor BNo Delay 2-Hr Delay 1-Day Delay

Factor A

Freshmen

1512131011

79588

46777

Seniors

1315131010

65696

85567

2. An experimental psychologist hypothesizes that a High-drive state will increase errors on a mental arithmetic task in comparison to a Low-drive state. Drive state is experimentally manipulated by telling half the subjects that performance on the task is related to intelligence (High-drive state). Subjects in the Low-drive condition are told that their answers to the problems are to be used as normative data for a future study. The researcher also hypothesizes that drive state will interact with the difficulty of the task. More specifically, subjects experiencing high drive will not perform as well the task is difficult rather than easy. Subjects in the Difficult condition receive more complicated problems than those subjects in the Easy condition. The researcher is predicting a main effect for drive, and an interaction between task difficulty and level of drive state. The dependent variable is the number of errors made over a long series of mental arithmetic problems. Perform a two-factor ANOVA on the following data, with alpha set at 0.05. You will find that there are main effects for both factors, in addition to a significant interaction. Answer the following questions.a. What accounts for the interaction?b. How should the main effects be interpreted in view of the significant

interaction?

Source Task Difficulty: Factor BEasy Difficult

Drive State: Factor A

High drive

1810191520

1216151222

1518201717

2830353725

2015303729

1915272930

Low drive

1612102220

1429273016

1520202519

1520101819

1725161312

1816251116