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1.0) INTRODUCTION What is Statistics? Statistics is the science that deals with the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of information/data in order to make decisions. Statistics is divided into 2 parts: 1. Descriptive statistics 2. Inferential statistics Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Process of data gathering, presentation and summary Concerns with making conclusions or inferences from samples about the populations from which they have been drawn. Example: A researcher collects on the amount students spent on food, leisure and academic requirements from their study loan. He then summarizes the data by finding the mean and Example: A researcher did an analysis to find out if it is true students spend less than 10% of their study loan text books. 1 | Page

Statistik Intro

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1.0) INTRODUCTIONWhat is Statistics?

Statistics is the science that deals with the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of information/data in order to make decisions.

Statistics is divided into 2 parts:

1. Descriptive statistics

2. Inferential statistics

Descriptive statisticsInferential statistics

Process of data gathering, presentation and summaryConcerns with making conclusions or inferences from samples about the populations from which they have been drawn.

Example: A researcher collects on the amount students spent on food, leisure and academic requirements from their study loan. He then summarizes the data by finding the mean and standard deviation of the data. He also did some graphs and charts to present his findings. Example:

A researcher did an analysis to find out if it is true students spend less than 10% of their study loan text books.

Measure of Central TendencyA ) Mean is the sum of the values, divided by the total number of values.

B ) Median is the most centrally located (middle) value.

M = C ) Mode is the value that occurs most often in the data set. It is said to be the most typical case. = L + C Variance and Standard deviation

-Variance is the average of the squares of the distance each value from the mean. The symbol for the population variance is , sigma square. Whereas for sample variance is .

= -Standard deviation measure the distance of each value from the mean. It is the square root of the variance. The symbol for the population variance is , sigma and s for sample standard deviation.

1.1) VariableNo.NameLast two digits of I.C number

lAhmad Farriz Bin Shahidan950107145031

2Ainur Anisha Binti Amijan950619145692

3Edriz Syahzrel Bin Zimi Hakiem950213035135

4Farrah Nuramanina Binti Mohd Anuar950830145452

5Juliza Binti Abu Bakar950921675010

6Khairul Fahmie Bin Nazree950324015815

7Mah Muddin Bin Amin950609126543

8Mohamad Hazwan Bin Tohid950909016071

9Mohamad Syazwi Akram Bin Ab Razak950203075571

10Mohamad Zaid Bin Mohd Sani950806016511

11Mohammad Asnizam Bin Ramdani950721015085

12Mohammad Azwan Bin Arifin950729015055

13Mohammad Shahrul Fahmy Bin Mohd azmi950914016869

14Mohd Haziq Bin Mazlan960121015751

15Mohd Nur Hafiz Bin Mahadi950501055173

16Muhamad Aiman Afiq Bin Jamal950831016169

17Muhamad Khairul Fitri Bin Sarimin910419015483

18Muhamad Nazmi Bin Mohamad Norrizal951208145107

19Muhamad Taufiq Bin A. Jalil891015235155

20Muhammad Amzar Bin Othman950201145003

21Muhammad Hambali Bin Md. Muidnudin950405015593

22Muhammad Irfan Syafri Bin Saifullizan950420105351

23Muhammad Najwan Bin Rusli951105015561

24Muhammad Nur Aiman Bin Adnan950805145813

25Muhammad Shahruzi Bin Mahadzir950924016117

26Norliyana Afiqah Binti Lakman950108015124

27Norliza Binti Sutrisman950921115670

28Nur Akiela Fathonah Binti Mohd Salleh950217115538

29Nur Amalin Binti Hishamuddin950831035570

30Nur Anis Natasha Binti Che Rahim950415145500

31Nur Shairah Binti Mohd Noah950921146074

32Nur Syahira Binti Zakaria951220115170

33Nur Syuhadah Binti Mohd Ramli950813055156

34Nuratikah Binti Ahmad950602015840

35Nurazmina Zafira Binti Abd Aziz950330015942

36Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak950729065220

37Nurul Hayati Binti Mat Rozi951115145888

38Nurul Nabiha Nadia Binti Abd. Aziz950312015316

39Siti Khadijah Binti Md. Ali Shifudin951104015762

40Siti Khalidah Binti Abd Aziz950203025064

41Siti Maziah Binti Mokhtar951021016698

42Siti Nadia Syuhada Binti Mohd Satti950203115182

43Siti Norazzah Azwa Binti Misman950213106194

44Syazwi Hakimi Bin Saaidin950707086469

45Syed Abd Hamid Bin Sd. Hassan950527016033

1.2) FILA Table.FactsIdeasLearning issuesAction

1) List of names of students in 2DAA_GA

2) I.C number of each students1. 2. M = 3. = L + C 4. =

1) What is the class limit?

2) What is the class midpoint?

3) How to calculate the variables from the formulae given?

1) Internet

2) Statistics module

3) Library books

1.3) Minutes of meeting

2.0) PROBLEM BACKGROUND

We have chosen the I.C number of each students of 2DAA as we choose to collect a numeric data for the tasks. A numerical data is also known as quantitative data which consists of numbers that can be used for calculations. A quantitative data can be divided by two parts, Continuous Data and Discrete Data. I.C number is considered as discrete data because the data is whole number. Based on the data that we have collected, all of I.C number of each students in the class appear to be in whole number.

3.0) Solution of variable

Class LimitLower Class BoundaryClass Midpoint,

Frequency, Cumulative Frequency, F

0-904.5313.520.2560.753

10-199.514.5687.0210.251261.59

20-2919.524.5249.0600.251200.511

30-3929.534.54138.01190.254761.015

40-4939.544.53133.51980.255940.7518

50-5949.554.56327.02970.2517821.524

60-6959.564.56387.04160.2524961.530

70-7969.574.57521.55550.2538851.7537

80-8979.584.54338.07140.2528561.041

90-9989.594.54378.08930.2535721.045

= 45= 2372.5=159141.25

Table 1.0 Frequency distribution of 46 students last two digits of I.C number in 2DAA_GA

a) Mean,

= b) Median, MM = = 49.5 + 10 = 57.0c) Mode, = L + C = 69.5 + 10 = 72.0

d) Standard Deviation, s

= = = 774.04

s = = 27.82

4.0) Result and discussionThe population that we used in this process of data gathering, presentation and summary is UTHM students. As for the sample for our research, we use the students in 2DAA_GA . The variable measures are the last two digits of IC number in 2DAA_GA. Our quantitative data is discrete data which it is a whole number.

After that we organize the data as our data is ungrouped data. The size of class is 9. After that, we build a table of frequency distribution with the size class of 5. So for our frequency, for class limit between 0-9 there is 3 frequency of students, 10-19 there is 6 frequency of students, 20-29 there is 2 frequency of students, 30-39 there is 4 frequency of students, 40-49 there is 3 frequency of students, 50-59 there is 6 frequency of students, 60-69 there is 6 frequency of students, 70-79 there is 7 frequency of students, 80-89 there is 4 frequency of students, 90-99 there is 4 frequency of students . For the sum of frequency, we got 45.Firstly, we need to search for the class midpoint , xi for the class limit between , 0-9 , we calculate like this , 0+9 and divide by 2 , so we get 4.5 . so for the other class limit , the value is , 14.5 , 24.5, 34.5 , 44.5, 54.5 , 64.5 , 74.5 , 84.5, 94.5 . So for the lower class boundary , how to calculate it , example for the class limit of 0-9 , the lower class boundary is 0 , but for the class limit of 10-19 , how to calculate it , 10 add with 9 and divide by 2 , so we get 9.5 . So for lower boundary of class limit , we get 0 , 9.5 , 19.5, 29.5, 39.5 , 49.5, 59.5 ,69.5 , 79.5 and 89.5.For the cumulative frequency, we just add the frequency of class limit before and the class limit of the data that you calculate. For example, for cumulative frequency of class 0-9 , the cumulative frequency is just 3 . Because, there is no value before 3 so we just add 3 plus 0 so we get 3 . For the next class limit, that is 10-19, the frequency that is 6 is added with frequency before that is 3 , so 6 plus 3 we got 9 .It is the same way to calculate the other cumulative frequency of class limit . So from the class limit 0 to 9 , 9 to 19 and after that , the value is 3,9,11,15,18,24,30,37,41 and 45 .

To measure of central tendency that is mean, mode and median, we need to gather all the information. In the nutshell , we get the class midpoint , it is 2372.5 . As we have shown, we the value of mean is 52.72 , median is 57.0 , mode is 72.0 . The variance is 774.04 and the standard deviation ,s is 27.82 . So mean for this case study of the last two digits of IC number in 2DAA_GA is 52.7252 which show for the girls and the median is 57.0 which is show the guy . So as the conclusion , we can conclude that the numbers of boys and the girls in the class is approximately .

5.0) References

Books

Nafisah@Kamariah Md. Kamaruddin el. Al. (2015). Statistics (DAS 20502) . Pusat Pengajian Diploma, UTHM Publisher .

Wadpole Mayer . Probability And Statistics For Engineers And Scientists. Prentice Hall .1993.

6.0)

Attachment a) Probability and Statistics For Engineers And Scientist

b) Statistics DAS 20502

Minutes of meeting 1

DATE: 19 March 2015

TIME: 10p.m-12p.m

PLACE : Taman Universiti

ATTENDANCE:

Fattiha

Syuhadah

Farrah

Azzah

ACTIVITIES

Discuss on the variables.

Divide the job scopes: Fattiha : Variables, minutes of meetings

Syuhadah: FILA Table, solutions

Farrah: Result and discussion, references

Azzah: Introduction, problem background

Verified by,

...........................................

( Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak) Date:

Minutes of Meeting 2

DATE: 24 March 2015

TIME: 10p.m-12p.m

PLACE : Taman Universiti

ATTENDANCE:

1)Fattiha

2)Syuhadah

3) Farrah

4) Azzah

ACTIVITIES

1)Discuss on the problem arises.

2)Collect parts of the report from every member and combine them.

3)Preparation for the presentation.

Verified by,

...........................................

( Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak) Date:

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