StatisticsStatisticsStorage Volume (Billion m3)

Installed Power

Generation Capacity (Mw)

Total FloodIrrigation & Hyrdopower

Dead

Tigris Basin

Mosul Dam 14.45 3.34 8.16 2.95 1035

Dokan Dam 7.90 1.10 6.10 0.70 400

Derbend-i Khan Dam 3.80 0.80 2.54 0.46 240

Hemrin Dam 3.95 1.45 2.20 0.30 50

Tharthar Lake 85.00 17.00 27.70 40.30 --

Total 115.10 23.69 46.70 44.71 1725

Euphrates Basin

Haditha Dam 9.90 1.70 7.98 0.22 660

Habbaniyah Lake 3.30 0.40 2.05 0.85  

Razaza Lake 26.00 26.00 -- -- --

Sulaibat Depression 2.50 2.50 -- -- --

Total 41.70 30.60 10.03 1.07 660

Grand Total 156.80 54.29 56.73 45.78 2385

Area

Proportion (%) of Basin in:

Total Within

Area Iraq Turkey Iran Syria Iraq

km2 km2 % % % %

Tigris 471,158 235,000 17 29 0.2 54

Euphrates 444,000 177,000 28 -- 17 40

StatisticsStatistics

Annual Inflow Percentage of Inflow from:

 

Average Wet Dry

Turkey Iran Syria Iraq

km3 km3 km3

Tigris 49.4896.58 18.6

56 12 -- 32Year 1969 Year 1999

Euphrates 27.463.31 9.6

85 -- 12 3Year 1969 Year 2001

Total 76.88 159.89 28.2        

Water FactsWater Facts

• Over 70% of Iraq’s water comes from TurkeyOver 70% of Iraq’s water comes from Turkey• 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in

MayMay• No control or coordination of inflow from No control or coordination of inflow from

Turkey, Syria or IranTurkey, Syria or Iran• All reservoirs designed for carry-over storageAll reservoirs designed for carry-over storage• Over 100 water control structuresOver 100 water control structures• Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2• Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was

reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2

Where will water for marsh Where will water for marsh restoration come from?restoration come from?

• On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%)On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%)• Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%)Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%)• Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%)Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%)• Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%)Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%)• Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%)Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%)• Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%)Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%)• Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%)Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%)• Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%)Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%)• ““Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr)Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr) (sustains marsh ~ 150 km2)(sustains marsh ~ 150 km2)

IRAQ

KUWAIT

SAUDI ARABIA

JORDAN

SYRIA

TURKEY

IRAN

Gulf

Baghdad

Euphrates

Tigris

Karkheh

Tharthar

Basra

The Southern Marsh Region of Iraq

K U W A I T

Hammar

Euphrates

I R A Q

I R A NTigrisal-Gharraf

al-Muminah

Central

Amarah

Hawizeh

Shatt al Arab

The Destruction of the Marshes

Hawizeh

Basra

Main Outfall Drain (MOD)

Tigris Flow Diverted to Depression

“Prosperity” River

Levees

Flow Diverted to Bypass Marsh

1972

1990

1997

K U W A I T

Hammar

Euphrates

I R A Q

I R A N

Tigris

al-Gharraf

al-Muminah

Central

Amarah

Hawizeh

Shatt al Arab

Restoration Projects In Supplemental Request

Hawizeh

Basra

Construct Regulators To Control Outflow and Water Level in Marsh

Build Gates to AllowTidal Flushing ofBasra Canals

Install Large Culverts Through Embankments For Accessing Euphrates River

K U W A I T

Hammar

Euphrates

I R A Q

I R A NTigrisal-Gharraf

al-Muminah

Central

Amarah

Hawizeh

Shatt al Arab

Restoration Projects Under Study

Hawizeh

Basra

12 3

4

5

6

1. Prosperity River Option A

2. Prosperity River Option B

3. Prosperity River Option C

4. Tidal Canal Restoration

5. Restore Tidal Canals in lower Shatt Al-Arab

6. Dalmage Lake Brackish Water Marsh

7. Musharah River Dredging to Maintain flow to Hawizeh Marsh

8. Abu Zaragh Marsh

7

8

K U W A I T

Hammar

Euphrates

I R A Q

I R A NTigrisal-Gharraf

al-Muminah

Central

Amarah

Hawizeh

Shatt al Arab

Restoration in Progress

Hawizeh

Basra

1

2

3

4

5

6

1. Abu Zaragh Marsh2. Flooding 3. Flooding4. Levee breach5. Increased flow to

Hawizeh marsh6. Block Diversion

from Euphrates to MOD

Marsh

Rice

Marsh

Rice

Rice

Marsh

Marsh

Rice

Euphrates

OPTION: PROSPERITY RIVER MARSH/AGRICULTURE

95 km long

2 km wide

~100 km2 of rice

~100 km2 of marshWeirs

2 km

2 km

tributaries

Main Outfall Drain

CURRENT MARSHLAND STATUSCURRENT MARSHLAND STATUSMertes, L. A. K., 2004, Synoptic monitoring of water's return to Mesopotamian

marshlands: EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 33, p. 309-310NASA MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)