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Statistics and Probability Study Guide: 7 th Grade Math Write each answer on a separate sheet of paper. Random and unbiased samples: 1.) Mr. Walker wants to learn more about students’ favorite lunch option. Decide whether each method for selecting his sample will be random and unbiased. Explain your answers. a. Mr. Walker selects 3 students from each homeroom roster, and surveys those students. b. Mr. Walker selects every student in line A of the cafeteria, and surveys those students. c. Mr. Walker uses the school directory to select ten students from each grade level. d. Mr. Walker places a survey in the school newspaper, asking students to complete the survey. 2.) A local reporter is doing a story on the communities’ response to a new WalMart being built in the area. Decide whether each conclusion is valid or not, and explain your answer. a. The reporter surveyed four people at a local gas station, and concluded that the majority of the residents are opposed to the new store. b. The reporter surveyed every 50th person from the town’s phone directory, and concluded that two times as many people opposed the store, than were in favor of it. c. The reporter surveyed 100 people at a rally protesting the store, and concluded that all of the residents are against the store being built. d. The reporter surveyed every third member of the city counsel and concluded that the town is evenly divided. Measures of Center: 3.) Calculate the mean, median, mode, range, and mean absolute deviation for each set of data. 4.) The tables below shows the amount of rain that two cities received in the given months. Calculate the mean absolute deviation for both sets of data. City A City B c. 8, 6, 12, 15, 5, 2 a. 5, 7, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 6 c. 185, 72, 94, 73 Month Inches of rain January 6 February 9 March 11 April 8 May 9 a. Calculate the MAD for both sets of data. What does the MAD tell us about city A and city B? b. Which cities MAD would be affect more if the month of May was taken out of the data? Explain.

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  • Statistics and Probability Study Guide: 7th Grade Math

    Write  each  answer  on  a  separate  sheet  of  paper.    

    Random and unbiased samples:

    1.)  Mr.  Walker  wants  to  learn  more  about  students’  favorite  lunch  option.    Decide  whether  each  method  for  selecting  his  sample  will  be  random  and  unbiased.    Explain  your  answers.  

    a. Mr.  Walker  selects  3  students  from  each  homeroom  roster,  and  surveys  those  students.  

    b. Mr.  Walker  selects  every  student  in  line  A  of  the  cafeteria,  and  surveys  those  students.  

    c. Mr.  Walker  uses  the  school  directory  to  select  ten  students  from  each  grade  level.  

    d. Mr.  Walker  places  a  survey  in  the  school  newspaper,  asking  students  to  complete  the  survey.  

    2.) A  local  reporter  is  doing  a  story  on  the  communities’  response  to  a  new  Wal-‐Mart  being  built  in  the  area.    Decide  whether  each  conclusion  is  valid  or  not,  and  explain  your  answer.  

    a. The  reporter  surveyed  four  people  at  a  local  gas  station,  and  concluded  that  the  majority  of  the  residents  are  opposed  to  the  new  store.  

    b. The  reporter  surveyed  every  50th  person  from  the  town’s  phone  directory,  and  concluded  that  two  times  as  many  people  opposed  the  store,  than  were  in  favor  of  it.  

    c. The  reporter  surveyed  100  people  at  a  rally  protesting  the  store,  and  concluded  that  all  of  the  residents  are  against  the  store  being  built.  

    d. The  reporter  surveyed  every  third  member  of  the  city  counsel  and  concluded  that  the  town  is  evenly  divided.  

    Measures of Center:

       3.)  Calculate  the  mean,  median,  mode,  range,  and  mean  absolute  deviation  for  each  set  of  data.

     

     

     

    4.)  The  tables  below  shows  the  amount  of  rain  that  two  cities  received  in  the  given  months.  Calculate  the  mean  absolute  deviation  for  both  sets  of  data.    

                                 City  A         City  B  

     

     

     

    c. 8,  6,  12,  15,  5,  2  

     

    a. -‐5,  7,  -‐2,  1,  5,  -‐6,  -‐2,  -‐6    

    b.    

     

    c.  -‐185,  -‐72,  -‐94,  -‐73    

       

     

    Month   Inches  of  rain  

    January                    6  

    February                  9  

    March                  11  

    April                  8  

    May                  9    

     

    a.  Calculate  the  MAD  for  both  sets  of  data.    What  does  the  MAD  tell  us  about  city  A  and  city  B?  

    b.  Which  cities  MAD  would  be  affect  more  if  the  month  of  May  was  taken  out  of  the  data?    Explain.  

  • Box-and-whisker plots:

    5.)  Use  the  box-‐and-‐whisker  plot  below  to  answer  the  following  questions:  

     

     

     

     

     

     

    6.)  Use  the  box-‐and-‐whisker  plot  below  to  decide  if  each  statement  is  true(t)  or  false(f).  

     

     

     

     

     

    7.)  Use  the  box-‐and-‐whisker  plot  below  to  decide  whether  Amy  or  Ed  is  the  answer  to  the  question:  

     

     

       

     

     

    How Likely:

    8.)  Use  the  spinner  to  decide  whether  each  event  is:    certain,  likely,  equally  likely  as  not,  unlikely,  or  impossible.    

     

     

     

     

     

    a  How  much  greater  is  the  median  salary  of  Worker  A  than  the  median  salary  of  Worker  b?  

    b.    What  is  the  inner-‐quartile  range  for  Worker  A?    Worker  B?  

    c.  What  percent  of  Worker  B’s  weekly  earnings  fell  between  $75  and  $100?  Between  $100  and  $175?  

    d.  What  percent  of  Worker  A’s  weekly  earnings  fell  between  $100  and  $200?    Between  $125  and  $175?      

     

    a.  Group  A’s  median  is  greater  than  Group  B’s  median.      

    b.  Group  A’s  range  is  greater  than  Group  B’s  range.    

    c.  75%  of  Group  A’s  data  falls  between  76  and  81.      

    d.  25%  of  Group  B’s  data  falls  between  77  and  80.      

    e.  The  inner-‐quartile  range  is  the  same  for  both  groups.      

     

    a. Who  has  a  greater  mean  absolute  deviation?  

    b. Who  has  a  greater  median?  

    c. Who  has  the  lower  extreme  of  76?  

    d. Who  has  a  greater  inner-‐quartile  range?    

    a. Spinning  a  number  less  than  3.  

    b. Spinning  a  factor  of  24.  

    c. Spinning  a  number  that  is  both  a  factor  of  12,  and  a  multiple  of  3.  

    d. Spinning  a  positive  number.  

    e. Spinning  a  number  less  than  10.  

    f. Spinning  a  number  that  is  a  multiple  of  2.  

    g. Spinning  a  prime  number.      

  • Making Predictions

    9.)  Zack  is  conducting  a  survey  to  learn  more  about  what  sports  students  in  his  school  prefer.    Assume  that  his  survey  was  random  and  unbiased.  Use  the  data  in  the  table  to  answer  the  given  questions.    

     

     10.)    Alaina  has  a  large  jar  that  contains  80  marbles.    She  took  a  scoop  of  16  marbles  from  the  jar,  and        recorded  their  color  in  the  frequency  table  below.    Assume  that  the  sample  of  16  marbles  was  a  good  representation  of  the  entire  jar.  

     

     

     

    Probability:

           11.)  Use  the  spinner  below  to  calculate  each  probability:  

     

     

     

     

    12.)  The  probability  tree  shows  the  possible  results  from  flipping  a  coin  and  rolling  a  dice.    Find  each  probability.  

     

     

     

    Sport     #  of  students    

    Basketball   8  

    Football   14  

    Soccer   6  

    Baseball   3  

    Volleyball   1  

    Tennis   2  

    Red   Blue   Green   Yellow   Purple  

    I  I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I   I  I  I   I  I  I  I  

    The  total  population  of  Zack’s  school  is  850  students,  and  he  surveyed  34  students.  

    a. How  many  students  in  the  school  would  you  expect  to  select  basketball  as  their  favorite  sport?  

    b. How  many  students  in  the  school  would  you  expect  to  select  football  as  their  favorite  sport?  

    c. How  many  students  in  the  school  would  you  expect  to  select  baseball  as  their  favorite  sport?  

    a. How  many  red  marbles  would  you  expect  to  find  in  the  entire  jar?  

    b. How  many  blue  or  green  marbles  would  you  expect  to  find  in  the  entire  jar?  

    c. How  many  Yellow  marbles  would  you  expect  to  find  in  the  entire  jar?  

    a. p(even)     d.  p  (8  then  5)  

    b. p  (3  or  less)     e.  p  (even  then  3)  

    c. p  (prime)     f.  p  (factor  of  48)  

    a.    The  probability  of  flipping  heads,  and  rolling  a  number  greater  than  four.  

    b.    The  probability  of  flipping  tails,  and  rolling  a  number  that  is  a  factor  of  12.  

    c.    The  probability  of  flipping  heads,  and  rolling  a  prime  number.      

  •  

    13.)  Brenda  flipped  a  coin  3  times.    The  possible  results  are  shown  in  the  probability  tree  below.          Calculate  each  probability:  

     

     

     

     

     

     

    14.)  Use  the  four  spinners  below  to  answer  the  following  questions.    

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    15.)    You  have  an  ace,  ten,  queen,  king,  and  jack  in  your  hand.    Answer  the  following  questions.  

     

     

     

     

     

       16.)  The  graph  below  shows  the  percent  chance  that  it  will  rain  Thursday  through  Monday.  

     

     

     

    a. What  is  the  probability  that  she  will  flip  at  least  two  heads?  

    b. What  is  the  probability  that  se  will  flip  exactly  one  head,  and  two  tails?  

    c. What  is  the  probability  that  she  will  flip  all  tails?  

    d. What  is  the  probability  that  she  will  flip  at  least  one  heads?    

         

     1.      2.  

             

             3.      4.  

    a.    If  you  spin  spinner  one  and  spinner  two,  what  is  the  probability  that  you  will  land  on  a  section  marked  “3”  on  both  spinners?  

    b.  If  you  spin  spinner  three  and  spinner  four,  what  is  the  probability  that  you  will  land  on  a  number  less  than  or  equal  to  5  on  both  spinners?  

    c.  If  you  spin  spinners  one,  two  and  three,  what  is  the  probability  that  you  will  land  on  a  number  less  than  3  on  all  three  of  the  spinners?  

    d.    If  you  spin  all  four  spinners,  what  is  the  probability  that  all  will  land  on  a  number  that  is  at  least  2?    

    a.  What  is  the  probability  that  you  randomly  select  a  queen  from  your  hand,  put  it  on  the  table,  then  randomly  select  the  jack?  

    b.  What  is  the  probability  that  you  randomly  select  a  ten  from  your  hand,  place  it  back  in  your  hand,  then  select  a  ten  again?  

    c.    What  is  the  probability  that  you  select  a  king  from  your  hand,  place  it  on  the  table,  then  select  the  ace  from  your  hand?  

     

     a.  What  is  the  probability  that  it  will  rain  on  both  Thursday  and  Friday?  

    b.    What  is  the  probability  that  it  will  rain  on  Saturday  and  Monday?  

    c.    What  is  the  probability  that  it  will  rain  on  all  five  days?    

  • Answer  Key  

    1.)  Mr.  Walker  wants  to  learn  more  about  students’  favorite  lunch  option.    Decide  whether  each  method  for  selecting  his  sample  will  be  random  and  unbiased.    Explain  your  answers.  

    a.  Mr.  Walker  selects  3  students  from  each  homeroom  roster,  and  surveys  those  students.  Yes,  this  method  is  random  and  unbiased.    Every  student  in  the  school  will  have  an  equal  chance  of  being  selected,  and  his  sample  will  be  large  enough.  

    b. Mr.  Walker  selects  every  student  in  line  A  of  the  cafeteria,  and  surveys  those  students.                  This  is  not  random  and  unbiased.    Line  A  may  serve  a  specific  type  of  food,  and  all  students  may  not  go  thorough  line  A.      

    c. Mr.  Walker  uses  the  school  directory  to  select  ten  students  from  each  grade  level.    Yes,  this  is  a  random  and  unbiased  way  to  select  students.  Each  student  is  equally  likely  to  be  selected.  

    d. Mr.  Walker  places  a  survey  in  the  school  newspaper,  asking  students  to  complete  the  survey.  This  is  not  unbiased,  because  not  all  students  read  the  newspaper,  or  would  repond  to  the  survey.  

    2.) A  local  reporter  is  doing  a  story  on  the  communities’  response  to  a  new  Wal-‐Mart  being  built  in  the  area.    Decide  whether  each  conclusion  is  valid  or  not,  and  explain  your  answer.  

    a. The  reporter  surveyed  four  people  at  a  local  gas  station,  and  concluded  that  the  majority  of  the  residents  are  opposed  to  the  new  store.    This  is  not  a  valid  conclusion,  b/c  four  people  is  not  a  large  enough  sample  size.      

    e. The  reporter  surveyed  every  50th  person  from  the  town’s  phone  directory,  and  concluded  that  two  times  as  many  people  opposed  the  store,  than  were  in  favor  of  it.  This  is  probably  valid  if  you  assume  that  the  majority  of  people  in  the  town  are  in  the  phone  directory.  

    f. The  reporter  surveyed  100  people  at  a  rally  protesting  the  store,  and  concluded  that  all  of  the  residents  are  against  the  store  being  built.    This  is  no  valid.    Anyone  who  is  at  a  rally  protesting  the  store,  is  going  to  oppose  the  store.      

    g. The  reporter  surveyed  every  third  member  of  the  city  counsel  and  concluded  that  the  town  is  evenly  divided.    This  is  not  valid,  because  only  members  of  city  counsel  have  a  chance  of  being  selected.      

    Measures of Center:

    3.) Calculate  the  mean,  median,  mode,  range,  and  mean  absolute  deviation  for  each  set  of  data.

     

     

    mean:    8       mean:    -‐1       mean:  -‐106                                                            median:  7       median:    -‐2               median:  -‐83  .5                                                        mode:  no  mode     mode:  -‐2  and  -‐6     mode:  no  mode                                                                    range:  13                                                         range:  13                 range:  113                                                                                  MAD:  3⅔       MAD:    4       MAD:    39.5  

                   

    a. 8,  6,  12,  15,  5,  2  

     

    b. -‐5,  7,  -‐2,  1,  5,  -‐6,  -‐2,  -‐6    

     

    c. -‐185,  -‐72,  -‐94,  -‐73    

     

  • 4.)  The  tables  below  shows  the  amount  of  rain  that  two  cities  received  in  the  given  months.  Calculate  the  mean  absolute  deviation  for  both  sets  of  data.    

                                 City  A       City  B  

     

     

     

    Box-and-whisker plots:

    5.  )    Use  the  box-‐and-‐whisker  plot  below  to  answer  the  following  questions:  

     

     

     

     

     

     

    6.) Use  the  box-‐and-‐whisker  plot  below  to  decide  if  each  statement  is  true(t)  or  false(f).  

     

     

     

     

     

    7.) Use  the  box-‐and-‐whisker  plot  below  to  decide  whether  Amy  or  Ed  is  the  answer  to  the  question:  

     

     

       

     

    Month   Inches  of  rain  

    January                    6  

    February                  9  

    March                  13  

    April                  8  

    May                  9    

     

    a  How  much  greater  is  the  median  salary  of  Worker  A  than  the  median  salary  of  Worker  b?    $50  

    b.    What  is  the  inner-‐quartile  range  for  Worker  A?    Worker  B?      A:  75      B:  75  

    c.  What  percent  of  Worker  B’s  weekly  earnings  fell  between  $75  and  $100?      25%  Between  $100  and  $175?      50%    

    d.  What  percent  of  Worker  A’s  weekly  earnings  fell  between  $100  and  $200?    75%    Between  $125  and  $175?    25%    

     

    a.  Group  A’s  median  is  greater  than  Group  B’s  median.    F    

    b.  Group  A’s  range  is  greater  than  Group  B’s  range.    T  

    c.  75%  of  Group  A’s  data  falls  between  76  and  81.    T  

    d.  25%  of  Group  B’s  data  falls  between  77  and  80.    F  

    e.  The  inner-‐quartile  range  is  the  same  for  both  groups.    T    

     

    e. Who  has  a  greater  mean  absolute  deviation?  Ed  

    f. Who  has  a  greater  median?  Amy  

    g. Who  has  the  lower  extreme  of  76?  Amy  

    h. Who  has  a  greater  inner-‐quartile  range?    Ed  

    a.  Calculate  the  MAD  for  both  sets  of  data.    What  does  the  MAD  tell  us  about  city  A  and  city  B?  

    City  A:    6.4                City  B:    1.28                City  B  has  a  smaller  MAD,  therefore,  the  data  must  be  less  spread  out.  

    b.  Which  cities  MAD  would  be  affect  more  if  the  month  of  May  was  taken  out  of  the  data?    Explain.  

    City  A’s  data  would  be  affected  more,  b/c  0  is  farther  away  from  the  mean  than  9.  

  •  

    How Likely:

    8.) Use  the  spinner  to  decide  whether  each  event  is:    certain,  likely,  equally  likely  as  not,  unlikely,  or  impossible.    

     

     

     

     

     

    Making Predictions

    9.) Zack  is  conducting  a  survey  to  learn  more  about  what  sports  students  in  his  school  prefer.    Assume  that  his  survey  was  random  and  unbiased.  Use  the  data  in  the  table  to  answer  the  given  questions.      

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    10.) Alaina  has  a  large  jar  that  contains  80  marbles.    She  took  a  scoop  of  16  marbles  from  the  jar,  and  recorded  their  color  in  the  frequency  table  below.    Assume  that  the  sample  of  16  marbles  was  a  good  representation  of  the  entire  jar.  

     

     

    Probability:

    11.) Use  the  spinner  below  to  calculate  each  probability:  

     

    Sport     #  of  students    

    Basketball   8  

    Football   14  

    Soccer   6  

    Baseball   3  

    Volleyball   1  

    Tennis   2  

    Red   Blue   Green   Yellow   Purple  

    I  I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I   I  I  I   I  I  I  I  

    h. Spinning  a  number  less  than  3.    unlikely  

    i. Spinning  a  factor  of  24.  likely  

    j. Spinning  a  number  that  is  both  a  factor  of  12,  and  a  multiple  of  3.  unlikely  

    k. Spinning  a  positive  number.    Certain  

    l. Spinning  a  number  less  than  10.    likely  

    m. Spinning  a  number  that  is  a  multiple  of  2.  equally  likely  as  not  

    n. Spinning  a  prime  number.    unlikely  

    The  total  population  of  Zack’s  school  is  850  students,  and  he  surveyed  34  students.  

    a.  How  many  students  in  the  school  would  you  expect  to  select  basketball  as  their  favorite  sport?    200  

    b. How  many  students  in  the  school  would  you  expect  to  select  football  as  their  favorite  sport?  350  

    c. How  many  students  in  the  school  would  you  expect  to  select  baseball  as  their  favorite  sport?    75  

    a. How  many  red  marbles  would  you  expect  to  find  in  the  entire  jar?    20  

    b. How  many  blue  or  green  marbles  would  you  expect  to  find  in  the  entire  jar?    25  

    c. How  many  Yellow  marbles  would  you  expect  to  find  in  the  entire  jar?    15  

    a. p(even)  :    e  as  not  ½       d.  p  (8  then  5)    1/  64  unlikely    

    b. p  (3  or  less):  3/8    unlikely   e.  p  (even  then  3):  1/16  unlikely  

    c. p  (prime):  ½    e  as  not     f.  p  (factor  of  48):    ¾    likely  

  • 12.) The  probability  tree  shows  the  possible  results  from  flipping  a  coin  and  rolling  a  dice.    Find  each  probability.  

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    13.) Brenda  flipped  a  coin  3  times.    The  possible  results  are  shown  in  the  probability  tree  below.    Calculate  each  probability:  

     

     

     

     

     

     

    14.) Use  the  four  spinners  below  to  answer  the  following  questions.    

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    a.    The  probability  of  flipping  heads,  and  rolling  a  number  greater  than  four.  1/6  

    b.    The  probability  of  flipping  tails,  and  rolling  a  number  that  is  a  factor  of  12.      5/12  

    c.    The  probability  of  flipping  heads,  and  rolling  a  prime  number.      

    ¼    

    a. What  is  the  probability  that  she  will  flip  at  least  two  heads?  ½    

    b. What  is  the  probability  that  se  will  flip  exactly  one  head,  and  two  tails?    3/8  

    c. What  is  the  probability  that  she  will  flip  all  tails?    1/8    

    d. What  is  the  probability  that  she  will  flip  at  least  one  heads?  7/8    

     

     1.   2.  

       3.   4.  

    a.    If  you  spin  spinner  one  and  spinner  two,  what  is  the  probability  that  you  will  land  on  a  section  marked  “3”  on  both  spinners?  1/50  

    b.  If  you  spin  spinner  three  and  spinner  four,  what  is  the  probability  that  you  will  land  on  a  number  less  than  or  equal  to  5  on  both  spinners?    25/48  

    c.  If  you  spin  spinners  one,  two  and  three,  what  is  the  probability  that  you  will  land  on  a  number  less  than  3  on  all  three  of  the  spinners?    1/25  

    d.    If  you  spin  all  four  spinners,  what  is  the  probability  that  all  will  land  on  a  number  that  is  at  least  2?      7/15  

  • 15.) You  have  an  ace,  ten,  queen,  king,  and  jack  in  your  hand.    Answer  the  following  questions.  

     

     

     

     

     

     

    16.) The  graph  below  shows  the  percent  chance  that  it  will  rain  Thursday  through  Monday.  

     

     

    a.  What  is  the  probability  that  you  randomly  select  a  queen  from  your  hand,  put  it  on  the  table,  then  randomly  select  the  jack?  1/20  

    b.  What  is  the  probability  that  you  randomly  select  a  ten  from  your  hand,  place  it  back  in  your  hand,  then  select  a  ten  again?  1/25  

    c.    What  is  the  probability  that  you  select  a  king  from  your  hand,  place  it  on  the  table,  then  select  the  ace  from  your  hand,  place  it  on  the  table,  then  select  a  queen?    1/20  

     

     

    a.  What  is  the  probability  that  it  will  rain  on  both  Thursday  and  Friday?    6%  

    b.    What  is  the  probability  that  it  will  rain  on  Saturday  and  Monday?  16%  

    c.    What  is  the  probability  that  it  will  rain  on  all  five  days?    

    0.384%