Statistical Testing of Structural Model and Its Critical Factors (Recuperado)

8/18/2019 Statistical Testing of Structural Model and Its Critical Factors (Recuperado)

1/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) 1

DOI **.****/s*****-***-****-*

OI!I"A# A TI$#%

&tat'st'cal test'n of stuctual odel and 'ts c't'cal factos thouh a

s'ulated success latent fouth va'a+le fo 'ndust'al ,oectsanaeent.

. !aca M$10 D. A. alles10 D. J. &nche3!. Do'nue3ece'ved4 201 / Acce,ted4 201 / u+l'shed onl'ne4 2016 &,)'n(e)-1e)la( #ondon 201

A+stact4 The l'teatue and v'e7ed 'tes on th's su+ect

sho7 no stat'st'cal data e8a'nat'on ead'n the

elat'onsh', o a,,oach +et7een c't'cal factos ($9) andthe' assoc'at'on o s'n'f'cance fo ,oect evaluat'on and

coo+oate fo successful eal'3at'on.

%8ecut'ves: ,oect anaes and staff e+es have no

stat'st'cal data on the atte and ',otance ead'n $9

and the 'nfluence fo the ,oss'+le outcoes and scena'os

these factos and c'te'a ;'eld ne'the a +as'c stuctual

odel on ,oect anaeent and ach'eveent at'onale to

conduct the' t'e: ,ocess standads: effots and esouces.

. !a caM$

5of esso at Ind us t'al en 'ne e'n

de,a t*e

n

t

:

$' uda

d

Jua e

3

Inst'tut

e

o

f

Te chno lo

;

:

Av

e

.

Te cn ol


2/11


Methodology Meta-analysis

1-Defningthe

ResearchQuestion

2-Locationo Research

Studies .

3- Criteriaor itemselection

-!dentiying

Studies

"- Quality#ssessmento Studies

$-Summari%at

ion

Te cn ol


3/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) Bodel: conf''n 'ts val'd't;. Aon the stenths of &%M

's the a+'l't; to constuct latent va'a+les: that ae not

d'ectl; easued: +ut ae est'ated 'n the odel fo a

nu+e of va'a+les that cova'ance 7'th each othe. Th's

allo7s to e8,l'c'tl; ca,tue the el'a+'l't; of the odel.

9acto anal;s's: ,ath anal;s's and l'nea eess'on e,esent

s,ec'al cases of stuctual euat'on odel. FBG. It 's a stat'st'c

eant fo test'n and est'at'n causal elat'ons fo

stat'st'cal data and ual'tat've causal assu,t'ons at.

F=G.Th's def'n't'on has +een at'culated +; the enet'c'st

&e7all. FKG.

The stuctual euat'on odels 7ee +on fo the need to

,ov'de oe fle8'+'l't; 'n the eess'on odels. The; ae

less est'ct've than the eess'on odels allo7'n fo the

fact to 'nclude easueent eos 'n +oth c'te'on

va'a+les (de,endent) as the ,ed'cto ('nde,endent)

va'a+les. The &tuctual %uat'on Model'n ethodolo; 's

a ve; ;oun aea fo develo,'n stat'st'cs co,aed to

eess'on odels and facto anal;s's.

&%M has a conf'ato; natue oe than an e8,loato;H 't

's ,at of a elevant theoet'call; h;,othes's 'n the conte8t of

'nteest. A ao stenth fo th's a,,oach 's the a+'l't; to

develo, constucts that est'ate latent va'a+les +asedaound easua+le va'a+les.

2.2 A,,l;'n the stat'st'cal anal;s's ethodolo; &%M

These 1K c't'cal factos sho7 a coelat'on cova'ance ta+le

+et7een ,a's of factos fo each of the thee c'te'a to

evaluate4 finish on time the industrial project : fulfill the

budget of the industrial project and fulfill the quality of the

industrial project : 7'th a total of 25K coelat'ons fo each

evaluat'on c'te'a: 7hee the ost s'n'f'cant coelat'ons

7'th -value of L0.01 level ae 'nd'cated: as sho7n 'n

Ta+les 2.1: 2.2 and 2.B 'v'n a total of 11 c't'cal factos

cons'deed fo odel +u'ld'n. All these coelat'on valuesand cova'ance 7ee calculated 7'th &&& 22 stat'st'cal

soft7ae and the; ae sho7n +elo7 on ta+le 2.=.

Ta+le 2.1 $oelat'ons fo the latent va'a+le f'n'sh the

,oect on t'e

Ta+le 2.2 $oelat'ons fo the latent va'a+le fulfall the

ual't; of the 'ndust'al ,oect

Ta+le 2.B $oelat'ons fo the latent va'a+le Nfulall the

+udet of the 'ndust'al ,oect


4/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) =

Ta+le 2.= $'t'cal success factos accod'n to the +'va'ate

coelat'on value

2.B Develo,ent of a ood theoet'cal odel

Th's ae the ost ',otant c't'cal factos ,o,osed

esult'n fo the theoet'cal anal;s's of the factos found

thouh eta-anal;s's: class'f'ed +; feuenc; ethodolo;

and e,''cal esults o+ta'ned fo suve;s conducted 'n

co,an'es of the e'on: 7h'ch ae evaluated +; stat'st'cal

tools such as e8,loato; facto anal;s's and conf'ato;

facto anal;s's to dete'ne the stuctual euat'ons 7hee

the success c'te'a ae also elated. In the f'ue 2.1 7e can

see the f'st stuctual odel ,o,osed.

9'ue 2.2 ath D'aa o,osed &tuctual Models

2.= 9acto anal;s's

9acto anal;s's d'v'des the va'ance of each 'nd'cato

(de'ved fo the coelat'on at'8 and sa,le cova'ance)


5/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) 5'n t7o ,ats4 (1) Pcoon va'anceP: the va'ance e8,la'ned

+; the latent (s) va'a+le (s): 7h'ch 't 's est'ated on the

+as's of shaed va'ance 7'th othe 'nd'catos 'n the anal;s'sH

and (2) Pun'ue va'anceP 7h'ch 's a co+'nat'on of a

s,ec'f'c el'a+le va'ance fo the 'nd'cato and a ando

eo va'ance.

Thee ae t7o a'n t;,es of odel-+ased anal;s's of

coon factos4 %8,loato; facto anal;s's (%9A) and

conf'ato; facto anal;s's ($9A). Qoth tests ae des'ned

to e,oduce the o+seva+le elat'onsh',s +et7een a set of

'nd'catos 7'th a sall set of latent va'a+les. o7eve: %9Aand $9A d'ffe ,'a'l; 'n the nu+e and natue of a

,'o' s,ec'f'cat'ons and est'ct'ons ade 'n the

easueent odel of the latent va'a+le. %9A ('n't'all;) 's

data-d'ven so that no s,ec'f'cat'ons ade 'n elat'on to the

nu+e of coon factos o the ,atten of elat'onsh',s

+et7een coon factos a,,oach. athe: the eseache

uses the %9A as an e8,loato; o desc',t've techn'ue to

dete'ne the a,,o,'ate nu+e of coon factos: and to

checC 7h'ch easueent va'a+les ae easona+le

'nd'catos of va'ous latent d'ens'ons.

In $9A: the eseache s,ec'f'es 'n advance the nu+e of

factos and ,atten of load 'nd'catos factosH othe

,aaetes: such as those +ea'n 'nde,endence o cova'ance factos and un'ue va'ances and 'nd'catos

2.5 %8,loato; 9acto Anal;s's

The e8,loato; facto anal;s's (%9A) 's a stat'st'cal

a,,oach to dete'ne the coelat'on +et7een va'a+les 'n a

dataset. Th's t;,e of facto anal;s's ,ov'des a stuctue (a

ou,'n of va'a+les +ased on the ston coelat'ons). In

eneal: an %9A ,e,aes the va'a+les to +e used to clean

stuctual euat'on odels. An %9A should al7a;s +e

conducted fo ne7 datasets. The advantae of an %9A on a

$9A (conf'ato; facto anal;s's) 's that no theo; 's

a,,l'ed a ,'o' to 7h'ch eleents +elon to 7h'chconstucts. Th's eans that the %9A 's a+le to detect

,o+leat'c va'a+les uch oe eas'l; than the $9A. In

th's sect'on 7e 7'll develo, %9A fo th's seach.

2.5.1 %8,la'ned va'ance at'8 +; the ethod of ,'nc',al

co,onents

9o th's ,at Mat'8 va'ance 's e8,la'ned +; the ,'nc',al

co,onents ethod 7hee the left sect'on of the ta+le

d's,la;s the va'ance e8,la'ned +; the sho7n 'n't'al solut'on.

Onl; the ao factos 'n the 'n't'al solut'on ae eate than

1. Oveall e'envalues: e,esent'n alost K5R of the

va'ance fo the o''nal va'a+les. Th's suests that the

thee latent 'nfluences ae assoc'ated 7'th the use of the

sev'ce: +ut thee 's oo fo a lot of une8,la'ned va'at'on.

The second sect'on of the ta+le sho7s the va'ance e8,la'ned

+; the factos taCen +efoe otat'on. The cuulat'veva'a+'l't; e8,la'ned +; these thee factos 'n the e8tacted

solut'on 's a+out 55R: a d'ffeence of 10R of the 'n't'al

solut'on. Thus: a+out 10R of the va'at'on e8,la'ned +; the

'n't'al solut'on 's lost due to s'nle latent factos to the

o''nal va'a+les and va'a+'l't; that s',l; cannot +e

e8,la'ned +; the odel of factos.

The 'htost sect'on of th's ta+le sho7s the va'ance

e8,la'ned +; the factos e8tacted afte otat'on.

Ta+le 2.5 Total e8,la'ned va'ance at'8

2.5.2 EMO and Qaletts test


6/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) KTh's ta+le sho7s t7o tests 7h'ch 'nd'cate the su'ta+'l't; of

the data fo the detect'on of the stuctue. The sa,l'n

easue of adeuac; Ea'se-Me;e-OlC'n 's a stat'st'c that

'nd'cates the ,o,ot'on of va'ance 'n the va'a+les that a;

+e caused +; undel;'n factos. The h'h values (a+out 1.0)

eneall; 'nd'cate that an anal;s's of factos a; +e hel,ful

7'th ;ou data. If the value 's less than 0.50: the esults of

the facto anal;s's ae unl'Cel; to +e useful.

Ta+le 2.K In't'al EMO

Ta+le 2.S 9'nal EMO

2.5.B atten Mat'8

The eleents of th's at'8 ae called 7e'hts o loads.

Ind'cate the 7e'ht +et7een each o+seved va'a+le and

each facto. It should +e 'nte,eted as standad'3ed slo,es

(+eta) 'n a ult',le eess'on anal;s's.

Th's sect'on desc'+es the conf'uat'on ta+les tho7n

thouh anal;s's sho7s: as 7ell as the adustents ade

thouh the e8,loato; facto anal;s's.

Ta+le 2. In't'al ,atten at'8

Ta+le 2.> 9'nal ,atten at'8


7/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) S

To 'nte,et the facto solut'on the Mat'8 conf'uat'on

ust +e 'nte,eted. efoance ode 's s''la to the

at'8 'n the othoonal otated factos case. The o+l'ue

case (the ost ',otant of all at'ces o+ta'ned)H +; sett'n

Mat'8 and Mat'8 of coelat'on +et7een the factos. Thus

necessa'l; to +e 'ncluded 'n the esults anal;s's.

2.K $onf'ato; 9acto Anal;s's

P$onf'ato; 9acto Anal;s'sP ($9A) 's a t;,e of stuctual

euat'on odel'n that deals s,ec'f'call; 7'th easueent

odels: that 's: the elat'onsh', +et7een o+seva+le

easues o 'nd'catos and latent va'a+les o PfactosP. The

easueent o+ect've of the odels fo latent va'a+les sets

the nu+e and the natue of the factos cons'deed fo the

va'ance and cova'ance +; a set of 'nd'catos. One facto 's

an uno+seva+le va'a+le that has eate 'nfluence than an

o+seva+le easueent and 's cons'deed fo coelat'ons

acoss these o+seva+le easueents.

The load factos do,,ed +; the conf'uat'on at'8 'n the

e8,loato; facto anal;s's: 7h'ch ae used to constuct the

f'st odel us'n AMO&: sho7n 'n f'ue 2.2 fo the 'n't'al

,o,osed odel and f'ue 2.B fo the f'nal odel 7'th 'ts

cova'ance on eo va'a+les eB1 and eBB.

2.K.1 !oodness 9't 'nde8es

-value4 A ,-value of 0.05 's coon used 'n soc'olo'cal

eseach. The o+ta'ned eo can also +e addessed +;

'nceas'n the s'3e of the sa,le: educ'n the ,oss'+'l't;

that the o+ta'ned data 's co'nc'dentall; ae.

$o,aat've 9't Inde8 ($9I)4 A ule of thu+ fo $9I and

othe co,aat've f't 'nde8 fo a value eate than 0.>0 can

easona+l; 'nd'cate a ood f't 'n the eseaches odel FG.

oot Mean &uae %o of A,,o8'at'on (M&%A)4 The

M&%A 's an 'nde8 of P+adness of f'tP 'n 7h'ch a value of 0

'nd'cates +ette f't and h'he values 'nd'cate ,ooe

adustent.

M&%AU0.0K 'nd'cates close f't ,o8''t;. alues +et7een

0.0K and 0.0 suest a easona+le f't eo. And M&%AV1

suests a ,oo f't. FSG.

2.K.2 Mod'f'cat'on Ind'ces

%ach ,aaete has a ate a+ove ceta'n +e'nn'n

od'f'cat'on. "ot d's,la;ed od'f'cat'on 'nde8es 'nd'cate

that the; donWt e8ceeds the s,ec'f'ed theshold.

2.K.B In't'al esults.


8/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) At th's ,o'nt the 'n't'al ,o,osed odel 7'th 'ts eess'on

loads and the oodness f't 'nde8es ae sho7n 'n the f'ue

2.2.

9'ue 2.B In't'al odel and 'ts standad'3ed est'at'ons

Ta+le 2.10 In't'al -value

Ta+le 2.12 In't'al $9I

Ta+le 2.1= In't'al M&%A

Ta+le 2.1K In't'al od'f'cat'on 'nd'ces

2.K.= at'al esults

9o the ,at'al odel 7'th 'ts eess'on loads and the

oodness f't 'nde8es ae sho7n ne8t. 9o th's ,at'al odel

the va'a+les eo fo e31 and e33 7ee cova'ate as the

od'f'cat'on 'nde8es sho7ed the h'hest elat'on +et7een

the (ta+le 2.1K). Th's act'on eneate a +ette odel'n f'tco,aed 7'th the f'st odel: and conf'ed +; the ta+les

fo oodness f't 'nd'ces.

9'ue 2.= at'al odel and 'ts standad'3ed est'at'ons

Ta+le 2.11 at'al -value


9/11

Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015)Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2015) >

Ta+le 2.1B at'al $9I

Ta+le 2.15 at'al M&%A

Ta+le 2.1S at'al od'f'cat'on 'nd'ces

In ta+le 2.1S 7e can see the h'h elat'on aon eo

va'a+les e26 and e31: ho7eve to cova'ate the 's

',oss'+le +ecause the; ae 'n d'ffeent 'nd'catos set.

2.K.5 9'nal esults

9'ue 2.= sho7s the constuct'on fo a eess'on loads

odel 7'th foe latent factos: add'n an add't'onals'ulated latent va'a+le (success): on ta+le 2.2B 2.2=

'nd'cated the eess'on loads fo each elat'on 7'th 'n the

odel. Also the thee oodness of f't 'nd'catos sho7 an

',oved ,o,ot'on co,aed to the ,ev'ous odels.

9'ue 2.= eecc'ons #oads +et7een $'t'cal 9actos and

the o;ect &ucces $'te'a.

Ta+le 2.1 9'nal -value

Ta+le 2.1> 9'nal $9I

Ta+le 2.20 9'nal M&%A


10/11


Ta+le 2.22 9'nal od'f'cat'on 'nd'ces

If the anal;s's 's e,eated the d'sce,anc; +et7een eS and

e10 's educed at least 5.01B fo the cova'ance teatent as

a fee ,aaete.

The , alue o+ta'ns 0.1= fo ,at'al esults +ecause th's 's

an 'n't'al esult afte the cova'ance on eB1 and eBB ho7eve

the $9I and M&%A ',oved: and fo the s'ulated latentva'a+le un th's , value deceases to 0.0B2.

2.S ;,othet'cal eess'on stuctual euat'on odel'n

The tad't'onal a,,oach to 'nteat'n ult',le eess'on

anal;s's and facto anal;s's 'nvolves facto'n a set of

'nd'catos of one o oe ,ed'ctos and outcoes:

eneat'n facto scoes (7h'ch: as noted: ae 'ndete'nate)

o ceat'n un't-7e'hted co,os'ted of the h'hest-load'n

'nd'catos: then us'n these va'a+les as ,ed'ctos o

outcoes. &%M allo7s fo these t7o co,onents of the

anal;t'c state; to +e done s'ultaneousl;H that 's: the

elat'ons +et7een 'nd'catos and latent va'a+les and theelat'ons +et7een va'a+les ae evaluated 'n a s'nle odel

FSG. ee 7e develo, the euat'on odel fo th's eseach.

91 X Y1 #atent va'a+le N9'n'sh the oect on t'e

92 X Y2 #atent va'a+le N9ulf'll the ual't; of the Indust'al

oect.

9B X YB #atent va'a+le N9ulf'll the +udet of the Indust'al

oect

λ8 X $oeff'c'ent +et7een an o+seved va'a+le o +et7een a

latent va'a+le and an o+seved va'a+le.

+8 X $oeff'c'ent +et7een latent de,endent va'a+les.

eess'on euat'ons4

&tuctual odel4

&tandad'3ed eess'on 7e'hts4

The coelat'on est'ates and the standad'3ed eess'on

loads 's e-calculated: as an e8a,le 7hen ual't; 'ses 1 fo standad dev'at'on, Z.$OM"I$ATIO" 's adusted at

0.B02 standad dev'at'on on ta+le 2.2=.

Ta+le 2.2B

Ta+le 2.2=


11/11


B. $onclus'ons

As can +e seen: thee ae tests fo oodness of f't 7'th the

conf'ato; anal;s's of the eatest loads of 'nd'catos

(endoenous va'a+les): sho7'n 7h'ch of the should taCeoe cae: 'f 7e 7ant to od'f; the su+seuent esults

values of the latent va'a+les: 7'll +e ',oved cond't'ons

and conseuentl; endoenous va'a+les decease the s'3e of

the eo 'n each case.

Th's cont'+ut'on to the theo; of ,oect anaeent 's

novel +ecause +; eta-anal;s's of a lae nu+e of

'nd'catos tentat'vel; f'lteed the ost ',otant f'nal

'nd'catos ae o+ta'ned and stat'st'call; def'ned +; &%M

ethodolo; and 'ts elat'ons 7'th es,ect to the latent

va'a+les.

=. ecoendat'ons

Ind'cat'ons of 'nteest 7ee o+seved 'n the suve; of factos

and ost ',otant c'te'a: l'Ce the e8oenous va'a+le

custoe sat'sfact'on. It 's ecoended to cont'nue th's

eseach +; add'n the e8oenous latent va'a+le custoe

sat'sfact'on and the' es,ect've suve; and chane the

odel taecto'es.

It 's ecoended to a,,l; th's ethodolo; and e,l'cate

eseach 'n othe sectos and 'ndust'es to test the eneal't;

of the odel.

5. efeences

1. A"&I/MI >>-001-200= (200=): ". A. 9undaentos de laD'ecc'): D. %ve;th'n ;ou al7a;s 7anted to Cno7

a+out &%M (stuctual euat'on odel'n) +ut 7ee afa'd to

asC. Journal of Consumer Psychology 1" 200>: KSB\K0.

5. alles: A. (200) 9actoes de Ma;o Influenc'a en la

%fect'v'dad de T[cn'cas de la Manufactua %s+elta. Tes's

Doctoal: Inst'tuto Tecnolo'co de c'udad Juae3.

K. ]'ht: &. Anecdotal (1>>>): 'sto'cal and $'t'cal$oenta'es on !enet'cs. %d'ted = Jaes 9. $o7 and

]'ll'a 9. Dove.

S. o;le: . (2012) &tuctual %uat'on Model'n and+ooC.

. u and Qentle (200K): &tuctual euat'on and lo-l'nea odel'n4 a co,a'son of ethods 'n the anal;s's of a

stud; on cae'ves health.

Documents

Statistical Testing of Structural Model and Its Critical Factors (Recuperado)