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THE STATESMAN. AUSTIN. TEXAS. THUSRDAY APR. 12, 1883 Susan 1$. Anthony haa immi grated to east Tennessee and is now writing editorials for the columns of the Knoxville Chronicle. As the New York Sun says, free competition is the regulator of rail ways. Liberty is the solvent of all things in this world and the protec tory of the people. Tiieke can be no breach in the Democratic party on the tariff issue. The principle is as old as the party itself, that Democrats believe in a tariff for revenue only. His FitAUDi'LENCY signifies" that ' he to willing to be made governor of Ohio. Well, he may be willing, but his nomination would be a good - thing for the Democratic candidate. Tub Vernon Guard is terribly severe in its denunciation of Gov, I reland. It says it is Democratic, but that Deinocaac does not mean sub mission to personalism in govern ment Six years ago all the traffic in and out of Birmingham, Alabama, was done with six two-mul- e teams. Kow it has three railway stations and ships 1000 car loads of freight per month. Gen. Diaz said to a reporter in New York on Saturday that the story of his connection with a syndi cate of American railway operators is an "absolute TalsehiAxl." He is traveling in America "purely and simply for pleasure. At a meeting of Southern manufac- turers at Atlanta it was asserted Unit Southern cotton mills are so well es- tablished that they now control the market for coarse cotton goods every- - w here in the United States and even regulate the price of these fabrics iu New England. The abolition of the . three days grace on nofos, drafts, etc., is urged by business men in New York. It is contended that the necessity for the continuance of this undent custom has long since passed, and its abolition will simplify interest calculations and make payments fail regularly at the end of the month. Den Butler hopes to be the Dem- - CraUS 'presidential nominee in 1884, and he thinks as such he would be the ' successful candidate. He alre;idy counts on New England and New York and tho Catholic influence throughout the country, and he hopes of aid from Tilden. Besides, he is sure of the odds and ends of parties everywhere. A ouand inter-continent- al coidi-- tion, composed of France, Italy, Bel- gium, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland' Houmania, Servia, Brazil and nearly all of the Spanish-America- n states has been formed for the purpose of securing patent rights, designs and trademarks to inventors, equally binding on all the countries compos- - jrlhe confederation. president has finally settled ."question of Howe's successor. He ''has selected a western man, and one who, the dispatch states, is "thor oughly independent." Judge G res-ha- of Indiana, it is stated, has a brilliant war record, and, when call ed to the office of postmaster general, was on the federal bench. The nu merous aspirants for the position and its emoluments can now rest easy. a IT has been decided to change the color of the uniform of the British regular army from scarlet, which they have always worn, to the Con federate gray. It appears to have just been discovered, after an ex peri ence of several hundred years, that scarlet is too conspicuons a color to wear into batUe, for "death loves a shining mark. The attractions of the color for rustic recruits is said to be so great, howver, as to offer great temptations to enlistment, and for this reason it is to be retained for pa rade purposes, but in the field the sol dit r gray will be used. Tiieke seems to be some anxiety in banking circles as to whether the na- tional bank circulation will not fall off in the coming year to such an extent as to cause trouble. In a letter to a bank president who had made inqui- ries upon this matter. Comptroller Knox gives his reasons for believing Uiat there will not be any great re- duction in the amount of national bank notes in circulation in the next - year, ur JW.UW.UUU or 3". per cent londs outstanding on March 1, 1883, .. : .t i t v ii i i . .. iihuuuiu. uauKs uom omy aoout XJO.OOO, while they hold $198,000,000 of threes out of $21)7,000,000. Nearly three-quarte-rs of the 3 per cent bonds held by the banks are among the first bonds issued. " The 8curitiesrield by national banks will, therefore, not be affected to great extent during the-comln- g year by the payment of bonds. The comptroller then goes on to show th'ut. Uie greater part of the circula- tion is held by banks in geographical locations where the profit upon it is sufficient inducement for them to con- tinue to hold the high-price- d bonds, and to replace such small amounts as " may be called w ith others. ' An English newspaper especially ad- vises Britons, when they emigrate, to settle in British colonies, and though it does this in the very text para- graph, it alludes to the state of Michi gaa as. leing somewhat larger than England and "Wales combined, as being the ninth state of the Union in point of populaUon, having a coast line of 1600 miles along which vessels of 2000 tons may sail without losing sight of land, possessing a fertile soil, salubrious climate, exhaustlesa de- posits of iron, copper and salt, a boundless lumber trade and extensive manufactures, producing grain, wool, dairy products and fruits generously, ranking among the first states in ma- rine tonnage, free from debt and still holding large areas of wild lands for the immigrant. We find no such at- tractive showing claimed for any of thrt British colonies. The article is evidently "inspired by the very able work of the Michigan immigrant e .rnmi-vJon- , which has been doing a I l,j work in inducing energetic llrit-- f :is to try their fortune in a country i t, belonging to Eugland. In some re- - is a r t! e i t if The legislature is asked to make an appropriation lor ' maintaining a commission at the southern exposi tion, to begin at Louisville in August The Statesman has repeatedlv urged that the state take stock in these great exhibitions. The one at Louis ville will be attended not only by people from all the states of the Union, but by visitors from every civilized country on the globe. The state suffered by not being represented at the centennial exposition, by not making Texas known at Atlanta and at Boston and other points where great inter-stat- e and in ternational exhibits have been made. Certainly she has remained in the background long enough. The natur- al and industrial productions of Tex as are as varied as those of any coun try on the globe, and the credit to be derived from their exposition where vast throngs of inquiring people con gregate, is of no insignilicant nature, It is earnestly hoped that hereafter there will be displayed a determina- tion to make Texas known at such places, and to this end the legislature should direct its attention. Some time ago in discuss ing the exhibition at Boston we held that there should be a general and permanent provision for the state's representation at all the great exhibi tions of Europe and America. Out of the system of African slav ery, says Wilkeson, arose a practice of paving low wages in the south. 'Tree whites could not compete with black slaves. This condition of affairs pro- duced a race of poor whites in the south. In their competition with slave labor they learned to live eco nomically, and the consequence is that the southern mills can get opera tives at much less cost than the New England manufacturers. The whites could not compete with the negroes in field labor, and the cotton mills, in which no negroes are employed, were established at an opportune time lor them. The i who would have proph&iil twenty years ago that the emancipa tion of the slaves would suppress the cotton manufacturing industry of New England would have been re garded as a lunatic, but such a proph ecy now is safe. The southern cotton industry is based on the low wages of operatives. In 18S0, 15,209 operatives were employed in southern cotton mills. They were paid $2,517,347, or an average of $liS) each. During the same year the Massachusetts operatives were paid $259, and those of Maine $251 each. The northern operatives received an average sum of $85 vear more than those employed in the southern mills. There is doom in these figures. Notwithstanding an appearance of genenil prosperity in business cir cles the failures for the first quarter of the present year show a formidable increase over those of 1882 and 1881 both in regard to numbers and amounts involved. The total number of fail ures was 3189, an increase of sixty per cent over the same period in 1881 and forty-nin- e percent of 1882. The total liabilities foot up $12,135,535, an in crease of forty-tw- o per cent over last year. The assets are reported at $23,- - "153,828, an increase of fifty-fiv- e per cent over 1882. The average liabili ties for each failure amount to $13,- - 243: the average assets, 7542. The ratio of total assets to total lia bilities is 56.2 per cent. The lowest average liabilities to each failure was $7912, in the Pacific btates; the highest, $20,701, in the middle states. The mercantile agencies which have compiled the above statistics claim that the increased number of failures was a simple cleaning out of a lot of crippled firms which have been hang ing by the eyelids for a long time. Col..George L. Walton, a distin guished citizen of Louisiana, is in Austin, visiting his brother, Maj r Wm. M. Walton. CoL AValton is at this time president of the Louisiana state senate, in which position he has won the undivided respect and confi dence of e people of Louisiana. Many years CoL Walton was a resi dent of Austin, and, since leaving Texas, he has been engaged in planting on the Mississippi river. Not long ago considerable anxiety was felt as to the state of this gentleman's health, ana now, alter recovering irom a protracted and .severe attack of pneumonia, he is seeking change of place for the more perfect restoration of his health, and w ill, probably, be- fore his return to his state, extend his visit to California. TheSTATESMAN wishes him, as he certainly will have among his devoted relatives and friends, a pleasant sojourn in the Cap- ital City of Texas. Attention is called to a communi- cation regarding the proposed amend- ments to the city charter. When these amendments are secured, a new and brighter and more promising day will dawn in Austin's municipal history-King- s and cliques and agencies con. trolling the city administration will be among the things of the past. In the name of decency and of reform let the bill now before the legislature ' pass. What has become of the compul- sory vaccination scheme. It ought to be enacted as the distingishing feature of the state administration. The Russian Socialists declare for a constitution or the scalp of the czar. The southern exposition' at Louis- ville, Kentucky, opens August 1, and continues one hundred days. To In- dicate the purposes of this exposition the Statesman must be guided by a circular presented in its behalf. Over a quarter of a million dollars have been subscribed to make the enter- prise a grand success, and it is antici- pated not only in display, but in at- tendance, the occasion will be the grandest of its sort ever held in Uie south. It is set forth by the circular of Uie directory that cotton is to be the central feature of this exposition; and. never before was cotton more worthy the study of thinking men. The southern farmers are now more active in their investigations, more earnest in their efforts to im- prove their crops than they have ever been. They are quicker to take hold of new machines, prompter to res- pond to any denuind for new varieties of their producUons than thev have ever been before, it is especially im- portant for them to determine how they can realize something from Uie oil in the cotton seed, and at the same time give to the land the cotton seed at a fertilizer. It is claimed by sev eral manufacturers they are now making a plantation oil mill to meet this demand, ut a low price, and sev- eral of these will be on exhibition at I'll'' I t :it size of t," ! !.!, a v ' i: - ( t and mud in all its travels; it Is diff- icult to handle; it needs to be com pressed and sampled, all which de- tracts from the net result in the hands of the farmer. Another bide, corresponding to the small hay bales. has been introduced, and it has b jen approved by the cotton planter s as- sociation; still it makes little or no progress in displacing the other. One difficulty is the expense of the press; it is now said a cneaper press nas been secured which will do this work, and it will, we suppose, be seen in the fall. Other matters deserving attention and capable ot vast improvement, re late to the gin-nouse- s, in most sec- tions of the south these are of the crudest character, the power expens ive, and tne work unsatisfactory, in the gin-nous- es ine value or tne whole cotton crop deteriorates, because it is handled recklessly, is mixed with trash and dirt, is injured by the weather, and is treated with less con- sideration than any crop in the land. The Louisville exposition will be in complete unless we have some model gin-house- s. enough nas ieen said to indicate something of the possible usefulness to the cotton planter of this exposi tion, but the subject is Iar troru ex- hausted. Much may be done to im prove the fiber of the cotton, much to add to its productiveness. But the south and the west aro interested in other topics as well as in those which relate to cotton, and they are ot scarcely secondary importance. Sugar and sorghum have an interest for the agricultural community, and conse quently to all the people which they nave never oeiore nau. The display of sugar-makin- g ma chinery will be one of the features of the southern exposition atLiouisvilie, and no exposition of southern re sources would be complete which neg lected the sugar problem. With su gar-maki- very few of us are famil . . .. ! - l .1 a : i iar. e kiiow lue territory m xvuier- - ica where sugar cane can be success fully raised is very restricted. lie-- cent experiments, and we may now adil practical tests, indicate that the missing ingredient has been found at last, and that sugar of the best gr;uie can be made of sorghum. When the truth of this statement has been demonstrated to the satisfac tion of the great lody of American farmers, when at Louisville it is sub jected to the most scathing tests of skepticid scientists and we all see the sugar crystals, we will begin to real lze the vast importance of the dis covery, and instead of devoting a few thousand acres to sugar-raisin- g in Louisiana, the sugar belt becomes identical with the corn belt, and in stead of sending one hundred mil lions out of the country every year to pay lor sugar we Keep it at home. The importance of the culture of jute is just beginning to be appreciat ed. India raises and exports three million bales, and it enters largely . i r . . . f . r iulu tne iii.tuuiaeiure oi various aril cles. The difficulty is that its manipu tion is exceedingly costlv and labori ous, and it would be difficult, with the present raiichinery, for America to compete with India in its production But there have recently been invent ed a number ot machines for hand ling jute, and the indications no'w are that the new inventions will prov entirely successful. The soil and cli mate in many of the southern states are especially adapted for raising jute and the production per acre all that could be asked. V ith the introduc tion of new machinery, jute culture promises to become a leading indus try in the . south. The managers of the Louisville exposition hope to have this product of southern soil so fully illustrated at Louisville in the fall as to greatly advance the inter ests of all who are engiiged in it. Grape culture will also be treated in a comprehensive way. In many sections of the south wine-makin- g can become exceeding profitable. The scuppernong grape wine is steadily growing in popularity and improving in quality. We should have at Louis ville an exhibition of native wines which has never yet been equaled. Hemp, raimie, tobacco, grain, silk and nee will have ample room and space devoted to them, and it is quite certain that, as far as the farmers of the west and south are concerned this will be the most interesting exhi union ever neio. minerals in the south. Great Britain owes her commercial importance to cheap coal and cheap iron. If the south cannot make iron at prices as low as it can be produced in England, it can make iron. cheaper than it can be made anywhere else in America. This is becoming plainer and plainer each day; and every time there is dullness in the iron trade and prices decline, attention is directed to the coal and iron fields of the south era states. The display ot iron ore and ores of every kind, will therefore attract wide attention, not only among the capitalists of America, but of Europe. Especial care will be taken to make these exhibits the most comprehensive ever shown, and in this work the directors ot the exposi tion are assured of the active co-op- e- . . . . : A ll 1 i ratio i oi aii tue rauroau managers. The variety and value of the tim- ber lands in the south are but begin ning to be appreciated, and yet the soumern iorests are almost inex haustible. It is the purpose of the managers to leave nothing undone to have the display of woods, the infor- mation concerning . them and the prices of the timber tracts so com plete as to result in the opening of many oi tne iorests in the immediate future. The development of the wood and iron industries of the southern states is especially important to Louisville. lnis is to be both a great com mercial and manufacturing center, be cause we. can nave cheap lumber, cneap iron ana cneap coal. C'ommer-ci- al ascendency can only be obtained by expanding our manufacturing fa cilities. In the past ten. years the growth of the manufacturing inter- ests of Louisville has been extraor dinary, and this growth continues with increasing rapidity. It is evi dent that, with cheap fuel, cheap lumuer ana cneap coal, and unsur passed transportation faciliUes, the future of Louisville ... is assurred: . nence we consider, with much con cern, any movement tending to the development of iron and coal fields south of us, and to the building of any new roaas wnicn inaKe the wealth of the forests available. The Art Amateur For March contains admirable full- - sized working designs of clover, azal eas and water lilies tor china paint- ers; a South Kensington chair seat, and a chalice veil for embroideries; a score of delicious cupids, and a page of fresh and excellent monograms, twenty-si- x in number, giving the let- ter A in successive combinations with the entire alphabet. The re- maining letters ire to be similarly given in future numbers. The lead- ing article in Uiis issue is a capital notice of the AVater Color exhibi- tion, by Edward Strahan, with illus- trations of over thirty of the noteworthy pictures. Boughton's beau ti fid painting, "Snow in Spring," is finely reproduced, and there is a good portrait of Dore, with some well chosen examples of his work. Flower painters, fan painters, china painters and photograph portraits are remem- bered in the practical articles, and there is much pleasant and copiously illustrated talk about French furni- ture, Japanese art, new houses, old fashions and a variety of other art topics. On the whole, the March number is an excellent specimen of this always attracUve magazine. Price, 35 cents; $4 a year. Montague Marks, publisher, 23 Union Square, New York. In Foochow, China, a debtor who failed to come to time at the annual setUement, which, according to Chinese customs, takes place at or be- fore New Year, was set upon by his indignant creditors and drowned. The Foochow Herald says the officials seldom interfere in these cases, and according to Chinese ethics there is no reason why they should. In his native country a Chinaman who can- not meet his New Year settlement is rvtvd t: commit suieMf, i i y : " t i "j-- v i . We'll Kill Them. To the Editor of The Statesman: It is understood that certain inter- ested parties who wish to defeat the proposed amendments to the city charter are sending written communi- cations and verbal- - messages to the members of the judiciary committee for the purpose of preventing a favor- able report on the proposed amend- ments. It is stated also that the clerk of the committee having under con sideration the bill of the amendments replied to an inquiry as to how the amendments were getting on,"Oh,we'll kill them." Who constitutes the "we Inquirer. The Proposed Amendments to the Austin City Charter. To the Editor of The Statesman: There has long existed an earnest desire on the psirt of the intelligent and tax-pavi- citizens for such changes in the charter of this city as experience has proved to oe necessary. The opinion has been, and is, almost universal among the better class oi citizens that the salaries of city officials should be reduced, and should not be absolutely fixed by the charter but left within certain limits to the discretion of the city council; that the mayor should be relieved ot hold-io- n courts, and that the office of re corder should be created lor tnat pur- pose; that such conditions and inilu-enc- es should be thrown around the otlices of mayor and aldermen that these oilices would seek the men. and not the men the offices and that, consequently, the mayor and aldermen would generally be men who would serve at the request ot their lellow-citize- ns whose confidence and esteem they would possess, on account of their high standing and business qualifica tions; that to sucn men the selection of city officials could be more sal el y entrusted than to the corrupting in fluences of municipal elections; that the disbursement of the city revenues should be so strictly guarded as to prevent the possibility ot the creation of any floating debt, the bonded debt being already sufficiently guarded by the fact that it can only be increased by an act of the legislature, or by two-thir- vote of the tax payers. The amendments to the city charter now before the house are substan tially the embodiment of the provis ions above recited, anu a very large majority of the tax payers are anxious for the experiment of a city government conducted un der such provisions. A few individu ais are personally and pecuniarily in terested in the defeat of the proposed amendments, and are resorting to all the methods of lobbying within their reach to effect their purpose. Under these circumstances .will the legisla ture refuse to give the desired change in the management of the city gov ernment V . If any member of the house has any doubt as to the view and wishes of the great body of sub- stantial citizens in this matter, let him reflect that the amended charter passed the senate unanimously under the advocacy ot J udge Terrell, who, with a residice of nearly thirty years, knows the wants and wishes of the citizens of Austin, and that the changes proposed in the charter are no new subject. but have been a matter of mo; or less discussion. Let such doubting member also asK the local representa tives what character of citizens are represented by the memorials asking lor the passage or the amendments, and then wnat class of citizens are represented by the protest, after the withdrawal of a number of the best names originally obtained by misrep- resentation. May not the citizens of Austin confidently expect that the members of the house will refuse to listen to the little coterie of office- holders, office-seeker- s, demagogues and hired help, but will unite with the local representatives in the passage of tne bill ot amendments to the city charter as it came from the senate, not permitting amendments having for their object the defeat of the bill, or to nullify any of its principal pro visions. TAXPAYER. BIRTH AJiD DEATH OF WORLDS Some of the Geological Changes That Have Taken Place.. . Prof. Proctor in Belgravia. It has been shown that had past geological changes in the earth taken place at the same rate as those which are now in progress, 100,000,000 of years at the very least would have been required to produce those effects which have actually been produced, we find, since the earth's surface was fit to be the aliode of life. B.ut re- cently it has been pointed out, cor- rectly, in all probability, that under the greater tide-raisi- power of the moon in past ages, these changes would have taken place more rapidly, As, however, certainly 10,000,000 of years, ana probably a much longer time, must have elapsed since the moon was at that favorable distance for raising tides, we are by no means enabled, as some well-meani- but mistaken persons have imagined, to reduce the life-beari- ng stage of the earth from a duration 100,000,000 of years to a minute traction of such period. The short life, but exceeding ly lively one, which they desire to see established by geological or astronom ical reasoning, never can be demon strated. At the very least, we must assign 10,01)0,000 years to the life-be- ar ing stage of the earth a existence. 1 we now multiply thi3 period by seven lor Jupiter we get a period ot (50,000, 000 years longer. But take the stage preceding that of lite on the earth From the researches of Bischoff into the cooling oi masses of heated rock it seems to follow that a period of more than 300,000.000 years must have been required ior tne cooling of the earth from a temperature of 2000 centi grade to one of 200 degrees, a cooling which has certainly taked place. Sup pose, however, that these experiments, or tne calculations based on them, were vitiated by some error so con siderable as to increase the real dur; tion of the fiery stage of our earth'i history more than ten-fol- d, the real duration oi that period being only 30,OUO,000 years. Multiply this in turn by 7, and we get a period of 210,000,- 000, or 180,000,000 years longer. We ought next to consider the vaporous stage; but the evidence on which to form an opinion as to the duration of this stage oi a planet s history is t o slight to be the basis of actual calcu- lation. Here, as Tyndall has well re-- marKed, "conjecture must entirely cease." But, by considering only two stages the fiery stage and the life-- bearing, or rather that portion of the life-beari- stage through which the earth has hitherto passed we find the two monstrous time differences 00 and 60,000,000, or 240,000,000 years in all. . Xhey mi-a- that, if our assumption as the effect of Jupiter s superior mass is correct, then, supposing Jupiter and the earth to have started into existence as dis tinct orbs at the same or nearly the same time, 240,000,000 years must elapse before Jupiter will reach that stage of planetary life through which our earth is now passing. Whether the assumption be correct or not, the time differences between the stages of Jupiter's life and Uie earth's are of this order. They must be measured by tens of millions if not by hundreds of millions of years. We must note, however, that the 240,000,000 years correspond with only a seventh part of that time in Uie earth's history; so that we may say that, if our assump- tions are correct, Jupiter would now be in the state in which our earth was 34,000,000 years ago, or nearer the beginning than Uie end of the fiery stage. New York City is about to under- take another costly job. the state sen- ate having already passed a bill, which has the indorsement of all the ieading city officials, for the building ot a new aqueduct that will cost any where irom $io,ooo,oou to go,ooo,ouo. The water is to be drawn from the Croton valley. The whole work, in- cluding the necessary reservoirs, is to be performed by contract made after ublil letting, it is conceded that ;YVrli's w.tter supply is now al-t- insufficient, and that the ..'ys'.oulJte hurrie-- r;. he forfeits the respect cf his fel lows, and becomes an outlaw. The faithfulness to their money contracts of a majority of Chinese in this coun- try is often referred to by their apol- ogists as proving that the race is characterized by a childlike integrity, but it really proves nothing of the kind, because their commercial habits are the result of the barbarous debtor laws of their own country. They keep their contracts, not from in- grained honesty, but from fear of a aw that makes the life of the insolv ent debtor a forfeit. A Chinaman who will pay his debts with religious fidelity will cheat or rob mother ways without scruple. Special Correspondence.! OUR WASHINGTON LETTER. Washington, April 3. Knowing that President Arthur had intentions of making a prolonged southern tour, the representative of the Statesman called at the white house late Monday evening, and stated to Private Secretary Philips that he would like to know if the president-ha- d made up his mind to take in Texas, i'hilips has the repu tation among the newspaper men of being a supercilious, uncommunica tive "kind of cuss, to use a plain backwoods expression, and he did full justice to himself on this occasion Said the scribe: "I represent the Aus- tin Statesman, one of the leading dailies in the state of Texas and in the southwest, and I have called to see it Mr. Arthur has any intention of going to the Lone Star State while he is away from the city. You are in a position to know all of his move ments. "Now, really, you will have to excuse me; I know that his excel lency has the intention of making an extended southern tour, but whether he WILL REACH TEXAS I am not prepared to . say for a cer- tiinty." "That may be," said the reporter, "but do you think he will go to Texas is there any probability of his going there?" "You are too much tor me; 1 have heard Mr. Arthur talk a great deal about his 'trip, which he seemed to anticipate with much pleas ure, but 1 would not like to say what places he is going to, tor I may misrepresent his in tentions." "But. Mr. Philips. J simply want a definite answer, you gave it out that he was going to t londa and mentioned several other points that he intended to visit, did you not ? And yet you say that you don t Know whether or not he is going to Texas. Did you not hear the president say something about Texas? - "oung man." answered the fancy-lookin- g secretary, "I would not like to say anything- about the visit of the president down south, he might not like it. You just make up anything and send it to Texas." See- ing there was little to be gained by fooling with evasive I'hilips the scibe left, after blessing him for his unac commodating disposition. i rom other trustworthy sources it was ascer tained that Mr. Arthur had some in tentions of visiting Texas. He in quired alter the condition of the ho tels in Austin and other cities, and being informed that they wei e first class in every respect, said that he would like nothing better than to visit the state, and that he would, if possible, go there betore returning northward. There is no question but what a presidential visit to Texas would be productive of great good It would open the eyes of the entire country about the vast material and political importance of Texas in the galaxy of states; the leading part she is soon to play in the governmental affairs of of the great republic. Wherever the president goes he will be attended by a corps of some of the best journalists at the north, and the treatment he re- ceives and the country through which ne passes wm oe minutely described, PENSION CASES. Commissioner Dudley may feel very sanguine as to the number of pension cases he will be able to dis- pose of by the close of the present fis cal year, but the present outlook is. not very encouraging, a large class oi cases are in tne nanus ot the adiu tant general's division of the war of fice. These cases are those which re quire evidence to show the actual discharge of the soldier from the service, or time, place anu tne cause ot his death should he have been killed or died from disease in the service. The records of the adjutant general'; office, relating to such matters, are very complete and the desired mfor mation is generally furnished the commissioner of pensions promptly but recently there has been consider able delay, caused partly by clerical errors in the pension office whence the first call on the adjutant general'; office for data emanates, and also from the pressure brought to bear by congressmen and others urgent for that speedy settlement. Cases that were expected to have been acted upon by the late congress were thus postponed and lately it is stated, tne cause becoming more ap parent, oruers to tne end that the work shall be more' carefully prepared and examined, have been circulated in all the departments in which the pension work is being con- ducted. There are now on hand in the adjutant general's office a vast number of cases marked "special.' These cases are of the class known as c:ises to be rushed through at the in dividual request of certain congress- men. Ordinarily it requires about two days to put such a case through and return it to congress to be acted upon, but toward the close .of Uie last session the rush was so great that it was impossible to respond promptly to every request. The work of the mammoth pension office seems to in- crease daily, and next year's, estimates for the annual appropriation promise to be enormous. now TOM WINS. The famous Tom Ochiltree salary case that has caused so much talk in the country has at last been decided by Lawrence, first comp- troller of the treasury, after hearing a full argument. The United - States holds a judgment against Ochiltree for $U890. In November. 1882. he was elected representative in congress from Texas. On the 4th of April there will be due to him one month's salary, $417. The question to be de- cided was whether the salary should be held to apply on the judgment. In view of the explicit provision of the constitution, and the reasons on which it rests, it must be held that the salary must be actually paid to a representative, because the language of the constitution is imperative, "he shall receive a compensation for" his services as . fixed by law. If his compensation be not paid to him, and it is with- held, it cannot be said that he receives pay. There are otner provisions in the constitution making it still more plain that a congressman must be Eaid. so that after all Uie fuss made treasury officials it is evident that there was no other course to pur- sue but to give Tom his money and ignore the judgment held against him by the government. PRESIDENTIAL GALLANTRY. Upon the invitation of Presi- dent Arthur, Madame Chris- tine Nilsson, the celebrated singer, now in Washington, accompanied by several other ladies, visited the white house and dined with the president and his sister Mrs. Ainsworth. After dinner she was escosted by Chester through the various rooms (nineteen) of Uie executive mansion and intro- duced to the cabinet. The visitors then retired to the green parlor, where the singer played on a grand piano and sang a beautiful Italian air, which was heartily applauded. L.S. m Wants a Network ' IVernon Guard. What Texas needs is more rail- roads, and we say let them be encour- aged by all legitimate means until they form a perfect network through out the entire state, when the "vexed prowem" which has racked Uie brain of the average Texas solon, will set- tle itself in a manner that will be en- tirely satisfactory to the people and ro ula too. THE HIGHER COURTS. llALVKSTON TUX, 18&3.J Synopsis of Opinions of the Supreme Court REPORTED BV ED. J. HAXNKR. r Parties desiring Information unon matters concerning the higher courts will receive sucn by writing our court reporter.! Alexander vs. Holt: appeal from Walker county. For the principal question in controversy see Kennedy et al vs. Anderson county, already published. 13 Texas Law Review. 1 he district court did not err in grant ing the temporary injunction and on final hearing sustaining it. The law in force P. D. art. 6834 exempted the property in controversy. The cotton and corn crops were also exempt, they being necessary to the beneficial en- joyment of the homestead. 14 Tex. &ys.j Affirmed. Willie, CJ. Liewis et ai vs. Meisner: appeal from Austin county. This is a suit by ap- pellee against appellants for damages lor an alleged trespass, a. one ot the appellants, of the firm of A, B. & 0., being a resident ot JNew lork, nled his bond for removal of the cause to the federal court. Held. The suit being against all of the parties as joint trespassers, and the state courts hav ing j unsuicuon oi an tne otner ueieuu-ant- s, the motion to remove was prop- erly overruled; yet if A. fails in his efforts to remove and comes in against his will and is forced to trial, he waives no right by his defending in the state courts. Keversed and ren dered for Lewis et al. Opinion by Watts, J. Adopted. Grimes vs. AVatkins; from Mata gorda county. G rimes made a motion tor continuance in the lower court which was refused, and that error is the only one noticed. He had pled an amended answer, October 6, 1874, in which he set up an itemized account against Watkins; the account was duly sworn to under the act of 1874, page oz it. b. Art. Zbbj. A short time before the trial, which was had at the May term, 1877, Watkins filed his affidavit in dispute of the account. This imposed the burden of proof up- on Grimes. The continuance was ap plied tor, for the purpose of obtain ing the necessary proof to establish his account. Held, Under this state of facts the court erred in refusing the continuance. G. D. Art. 54,13 Tex. 22. lteversed and remanded. Opinion of Delaney, J. Dunman vs. Coleman et al., from Goliad county. A. owned a large stock of cattle, which he sold to C. x Vo by bill ot sale, they executing at the same time two instruments, which in effect were but one, which provided for the payment of the pur chase money, ihey stipulated in these instruments that A. was to gather 1000 head of catUe at a stipu- lated price, and upon ascertaining the amount they were to give A. their note for the balance of the purchase money due. They sold to appellees by bill ot sale the entire stock as they purchased it from A. Held. The in struments clearly evidence that they were but a mortgage in lavor ot A and must be so held. Reversed and remanded. Opinion of Walker, J., adopted. Houston et al vs. state; appeal from Gonzales county. A proceeding upon a forfeited bail bond is a suit upon the bond. The scire facias serves both as a petition and citation. To recover, the state must prove its cause of action as in a civil suit, by putting in evidence the bond, and the judg ment nisi declaring its lorieiture, Here the state having failed to show in evidence the judgment nisi, and it must be held that the verdict is not sufficiently supported by the evidence. lteversed and remanded. wilison, J The state vs. Arrington et al; from Gonzales county. comes the defend ants and move the court to dismiss the cause, because the state herein undertakes to appeal from a judg- ment quashing a bail bond, and be- cause the case is a criminal case and the state is prohibited the right of ap peal. Held, under previous decisions, both of the supreme court and .this court, this motion must, for the reasons stated, be retained. Consti tution, article o, Texas 26. The state vs. Ward, 9 court of appeals, 462 and citations. Hart vs. state, 10 Texas Law lteview. Appeal dismis sed. White, l . J. Arrington et al vs. state; from Gonzales county. The bail bond should not have been admitted in ev idence. It showed on its face that it had been taken and approved by a constable ot uonzaies county. The bond declared upon in the scire facias is described as one taken by the sher iff ot tronzaies county. There was, therefore, a variance between them which was fatal. The bond having been taken and approved by the con stable in open court, ana the defend ant having left then before the ad journment of the court, it will be pre sumed that the bond was taken with the knowledge and approval of the court, and was, in legal contempla- tion, taken by the court. The court is not required to approve bond. 0 j. r. Art. 61-s.- i lieversed and re manded. Wilison, J. Esher vs. the State; from Cass coun ty. A party must leave his bill of exceptions to the ruling of the lower court refusing his application for a continuance, or this court cannot re vise the action of the lower court, For the other questions presented see iNyiand vs. the state, 14 Tex. J,aw iteview.i as to the motion tor new trial on the ground of newly discov ered evidence, were the desired wit- ness present at the difficulty, appellant must have known it or by reasonable doigence could have known it. and therefore this evidence does not come within the rules of newly discovered evidence, nor does appellant show the necessary diligence as would entitle him to a new trial. Affirmed. White, r. J. Kemp vs. state; appeal from Erath county. This cause was before this court upon a former appeal 11 Tex. Ct. App. 174 and was then reversed and remanded because the evidence was insufficient to support the ver- dict. Upon the last trial additional evidence was adduced, but the con- viction was only for murder of the second degree. Held, All the errors assigned have been carefully noted, the charge is full, fair and impartial, clearly presenting the principles of law applicable to the case, and as there is no error apparent, the judg- ment is affirmed. Wilison, J. Houston vs. the state, from Gon- zales county. The court did not err in rendering and entering judgment final upon the judgment nisi, at a civil term of the court. The cases of Cassady vs. the state, 4 Ct. App., 16, and Carter vs. state. Idem 165, and Willis vs. the state, Idem 613, are all to the contrary, but these decisions were rendered before the revised statutes went into effect and are therefore not applicable. The law now declares that' after judgment nisi the procedure in these cases is on Uie civil side of the docket. Affirmed. Wilison, J. Arlington et al vs. State; from Gon- zales county. The offense named in the bond is stated as "theft of neat cattle." The complaint charges de- fendant with Uie theft of "one two year old steer, and two yearling." Held, as "theft of cattle" is an offense against the law, and as all cattle are neat cattle, and theft et a steer and yearlings would be theft of cattle, there is no variance between the bond and the complaint' Affirmed. Will-so- n, J. This is part of a sermon by a preacher in Colorado. The boys un- derstood it: "Boys, you'll find this life like a game of seven-u- p. You want to save your tens and look out for the game, an' never beg when yqu hold a good hand. Also, recollect in the long run low counts as much as high, if it is only a trump. The devil has stocked the cards, but jist play 'em honest, and when it comes your deal yer boun' to get a winnin' hand every time, and old split-hoo- f will jist have to jump Uie game and look after a softer snap. Also, if you happen to turn Jack, call it lucky, but don't for- get to remember that turniP"'-T'- ,r uncertain business, and T to bet on." Continued From First Page. Seventy-four- th Day's Proceedings. SENATE. Austin, April 6, 1883. The senate met at 10 o'clock a. m Lieut. Gov. Martin presiding and a quorum present. I'rayer was offered by tne cnapiam, Rev. Dr. Snioot Heading of the journal was dis pensed with. PETITIONS. Asking appropriation for services of veterans. REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES. State Affairs. The committee rec ommend that the bill ceding jurisdic tion to general government over premises upon which to build post- - ollice and court house at Dallas, be passed over the governor s veto. Mr. Davis introduced a bill to give Austin four months term of supreme court and Tyler two months term. &lr. Shannon: uoncurrent resolu tion fixing final adjournment at In-- d ty. April 13. Mr. .Matlock: substitute, nxmg day at Thursday, April 12. Substi- tute rejected, and Shannon's proposi tion adopted. Un motion of Mr. Harris senate concurred in house amendments to senate bill judicial dis- tricts. Mr. Patton. for committee on state affairs, presented adverse report on house bill granting attorney-gener- al enlarged powers, viz.: To bring and control suits against delinquent tax collectors. The committee say this duty and power is conferred in con stitution upon county attorneys. Mr. Johnson ot Collin, called up house bill to provide for investigat- ing alleged land frauds in sales of 50 cent lands, and authorize suits to can cel sales, and investigate general land ofhee and surveyor s office. .Dilatory action began, but tne issue was only delayed by speeches. Mr. uooch considered notwitnstanu ing the limitation in the law as to the amount ot land one person could pur chase, the policy had been to effect large Bales. Mr. i leming taiKed at great length in defense ot any fraud in the pur chase of lands in his district, and after the completion of his speech the senate adjurned to meet at a p. m. The resolution to submit a prohi bition constitution and resolution is a vote of the people. Senator Gibbs offered the following as his reasons for voting on the pro hibition resolution: 1. As-lon- as the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors is permit ted bv and made a source of revenue to the United States government, and that government continues to issue licenses to sell in prohibitory states. the enactment of such a provision would destroy the harmony which should exist between the general government and the state govern ments, and its eiiective eniorcement would be impracticable, if not impos sible, under these circumstances. 2. The resolution provides for an absolute, immediate and total prohi bition and destruction of a social evil which has grown with and lieen legalized by the civilization of years, and no law can be successfully en- forced which reouires so radical and sudden a change in the social habits ot so large a number of people. 3. In proportion to the number of qualified voters in Texas, the people have manifested no great disposition to have the question submitted at this time, and the recent elections in counties which have tried prohibition indicate that the people are opposed to it. 4. By this amendment it is proposed to deprive a large portion oi wnat they regard as a personal right and privilege, and the excitement neces- sarily incident to a vote on this amendment, at the time proposed weuld jeopardize the fate of the school and other important constitu tional amendments, which should be adopted or rejected, as the deliberate judgment or tne people may deter mine. AFTERNOON SESSION. Pending, substitution of the com mittee substitute. Mr. Farrar stated that he had fared largely in the preparation of the com mittee substitute. He thought the bill not perfect, but the ee had prepared as conservative a bill as they could. He thought the objects and purposes of the bill had been largely misapprehended. Ann ng them, the provision fixing the venue of all the land fraud suits at Austin, lie thought the provisions of the house bill fixing the venue at the place where the frauds had been com- mitted, rendered it impossible for the state to succeed in suits of that character. He thought therefore, the bill in this particular is not obnoxious to the objections urged against it. He called attention to the law locating the venue of suits of this character begun on behalf of the state, which fixes it at the seat of government. Mr. Gooch said: I object to the passage of this bil! for the reason that it lays the venue for the suits in the county of Travis, and will bring citi- zens from every quarter of the state, whether rich- - or poor, to refer their suits here, when the general policy of the state is and has always properly been to permit citizens to besued only in their own county, or theiocality of his residence. Another serious objec- tion is, and the only other that I have, that it is proposed to declare fraud- ulent the act of requisition of more than seven sections of pasture lands; notwithstanding we have had forty million acres of land which either was or might have been dedicated to pub- lic schools for forty years. Until the passage of this law, which now was much complained of, the schools re- ceived no benefit from it. Within the past forty years, under this law, the principal of the school fund has been increased four millions of dollars. At eight per cent interest thereon furnishes to the vailable school fund about $365,000 per an- num, or about $1.25 per capita. This bill proposes to cancel a very large proportion, and it is asserted about one-ha- lf of those sales, decreasing the permanent fund about $2,000,000 and the interest one-ha- lf that amount. These lands have brought their fair market value.and has induced the loca- tion of property on them, of various kinds, which have increased the reve- nue of the sections of the state in which the lands so disposed of are situ ated, about $20,000,000. I am in favor of utilizing these amounts for the present generation; and not keeping them perpetually, without benefit to the school children of this state, and of relieving tax- payers who have to pay a tax for a good system of education, unless we permit these lands to be sold and sus- tain the titles when capital is invested in them. The committee substitute was adopted, and after having tacked on to it many amendments passed to en- grossment. - The motion of Mr. Terrell to recon- sider the vote by which the bill was ordered engrossed, and lay it upon the table, was adopted. Mr. Stratton moved that regular order be suspended, and brought up house bill No. 543, Galveston harbor improvement bilL Passed to a third reading and final passage. Mr. Patton ' offered house bill 485, for the relief of certain parties of the Dawson massacre, granting tnem land certificates. Passed to a third read- ing. Mr. Gooch. offered joint resolution 33, proposing to amend the constitu- tion, with amendment. - Resolution ordered engrossed. On motiorrof Mr. Terrell, the senate adjourned till Saturday at a. m. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. House met at appointed hour, Speak- er Gibson and a quorum present. Prayer was offered by Uie chaplain. The report of the free conference committee was taken from the speak- er's table, and Uie accompanying reso- lution, fixing the state and district school taxes, reported by the commit-- son, Rogers, Cramer, Chambers, Up- ton, Townsend, Tucker, Durant and Caven. Mr. Tucker, notwithstanding he said he voted against the district sys- tem, would support the proposition in the shape which the resoluUon submitted it, as being more in accord with his own views when he offered the amendment to require a three- - fourths vote of the tax-pavi- voters of a district, voting on the question of the district tax. Mr. Caven said he was as before, a strong advocate of the state system, and wanted the question to be voted on separately by the people, but he ac- cepted the proposition as it was sub mitted, as tne best could now be ob tained, and would vote for the reso lution. The resolution was adopted bv a vote of 84 aves to 6 noes the latter being Messrs. Chambers of Collins, uavis oi wmp, Mcuaniei, liushing, Steel and Watkins. lhe resolution is as follows: Joint resolution to amend section 8. of article u oi tne coDttiluuon of the itate ol Texas. Sec. 1. Be it resolved by the state of Texas. That section 3, of article 7. of the constitution of the state of Texas be so amended as to hereafter read as follows bee. 3. One-fourt- h oi the revenue de rived from the state occupation taxes and a poll tax ol one dollar on every male lu- - nabllant ol tnls state between tne agesoi twenty-on- e and sixty years shall beset spurt annually lor the benefit ol the pub lic free schools and, in addition thereto, there shall be levied and collected an an- nual ad volorem state tax of such an amount not to exceed twenty cents on the one hundred dollars Valuation, as, with the available school fund arising from all the other sources will be sufficient to maintain and support the publlo free schools of this state for a period of not less than six months In ach year; and the legislature may also provide for the formation of school districts within all or any ot the counties ot this state, br general or special law, without the Iocs I notice required in otner cases or special legislation, and may authorize an addi- tional annual ad valorem tax to be levied and eolleeted within such school districts lor the further maintenance of public iree scnoois ana tne erecting or school buildings therein; provided, that two- - thirds of the quallfled property tax pay- ing voters of the district, voting al an election to be held for that purpose, shall vote such tax, not to exceed In any one year twenty cents on the one hundred dollars valuation of the property subject to taxation in such district, but tne nun tstlon upon the amount of district tax herein authorised shall not apply to In corporated cities or towns countitullng separata and independent school districts sec. x. mat me governor or tnis stats shall Istue bis proclsmation ordering an elet-tio- to be held on the second Tuesday In August, A. D. at which time the foregoing amendment shall be submitted or adoption dv me quaun d electors ol tnis state. Sec. S. That those voting for the adop tion ot the amendment to section a shall have wrUten or printed on their ballots the words lor amendment to sections, article 7, ol the constitution, school tax," anu inone vounic against tne adoption oi said amendment shall have written or printed on their ' ballots the words "against amendment to section S, article 7 of the constitution, school tax." Another conference committee re port was adopted and resolution pass ed, tlxing the state tax lor general revenue at 35c., instead of 33.c to be submitted to a vote of the people, By Mr. Stagner; A resolution that the committee on state affairs take into consideration, and report upon the propriety of sending a commis- sioner from the state to the Southern industrial exposition, which meets at Liouisville, Kentucky, August 1, 1884, Referred to said committee. GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Upton asked that a committee of conference be appointed on this bilL Motion carried. DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL The house resumed consideration of this bill as adopted by committee of the whole the dav previous. Mr. Foster, of Limestone, offered amendment to strike out in line twenty-on- e, page three, the words, "to be audited and paid by the comptrol ler the same as if not barred by the constitution, and insert as follows "provided, that alt claims barred by the statute of limitations, or which were not made out and presented in accordance with law, shall be rejected by the comptroller." Lost. By Mr. Nash: Strike out the ap- propriations to Executive Clerks O. M. Roberts, jr., W. W. Searcy, W. M. .amoy, j. v. Swindells and Jl. L, Spain. By Mr. Patton: Substitute striking out only those of Roberts and Spain. The substitute of Mr. Patton was adopted. By Mr. Arniistead: Strike out $35,000 appropriation to pay teachers and inspectors of public free schools for services rendered prior to July 1, 1873, etc., and insert $15,000. By Mr. Harrison: Strike out $35,-00- 0 The question was discussed by Messrs. Armistead, Harrison and others. Mr. Harrison argued that these old claims were fraudulent. Some of the schools were' never taught. In his county school claims had been passed over again on account of the original payments not having been cancelled. He wanted to strike out the appropri- ation and pay no such claims in this way. Let them be proved up and audited. Mr. Stout suggested that the law required the claims to be proved be- fore being paid. The question was further discussed by Messrs. Woods, McKinney, Upton, Stout and Armistead. Mr. Labatt called attention to the fact that the law requiring the claims to be filed in ninety days was never published, so as to give proper notice to the teachers. Mr. Stout contended that previous laws provided for proof of the claims and that the subsequent law referred to had reference to prior laws as to the mode of proof necessary. The substitute was lost. Mr. Armistead argued that $15,000 was sufficient to pay such of these claims as were just, lie asked mem- bers what unpaid claims they knew of. Mr. Smith, of Travis, said he knew of a claim of a widow teacher for $1350 which had not been paid. Mr. Durant knew of some claims in his county not paid, one for $172 due ntmseif, and there were some due others. Mr. McKinney thought the mem- bers could hardly know all who had been paid. Besides the claims had to be proved. Mr. Upton stated that the comptrol ler estimated there were about $22,000 oi uiese claims. , The Armistead amendment was adopted ayes 48, nays 30. Mr. Robertson, of Williamson, of- ferer: amendment reviving the appro- priation rejected in committee of the whole John K. Syle $541.40 for codify- ing statutes of 187U. Mr. Robertson and Mr. Labatt spoke in favor of Mr. Hill against the amendment. Mr. Hill said he bad no feeling in the matter, but the law, to his mind, was plain, and he approved the appro-tio- n from a sense of duty. Mr. Cravens argued that the house had Uie right to make the appropria- tion if it saw proper. It was quib- bling to deny payment to a party who had performed the service faithfully. Mr. Ftheridge said he proposed to confine the claim, as all others against the state, to the letter of the contract with the parties under the law. Mr. Frymier and Mr. Upton spoke in favor of the claim on general prin- ciples of right and justice for services peformed. The vote resulted, ayes 43, noes 32, so the amendment was adopted. By Mr. Foster, of Limestone:, Striking out the appropriations to sheriffs of Jack and Dupree for con- veying prisionere to Uie peniten- tiary; to Fleraiag for tak ing a convict to the penitentiary, and to W. E. Crosby for conveying Bob AVhittaker, charged with murder, from Red River to Wise county. 1 'ending consideration the ' house adjourned till 3 p. m. AFTERNOON SESSION. Speaker Gibson and a quorum. The house resumed consideration rf the deficiency appropriation bill, rending question beir-- t!" amendment to strike out, proposed by Mr. Foster, of Limestone, noted in our report of the proceedings of the morning session. l ne speaker appointed on the com- mittee of conference on the general appropriation bill, Messrs. Won, 1 r,nue hran. Ayere and Acker. Mr. Foster s moUon, after consid- erable discussion, was defeated. So the appropriations in favor of the sheriffs of Jack and Franklin coun- ties for conveying prisoners, and Hen- ry Fleming for taking convicts to the penitentiary, and W. E. Conly for fees due him for carrying Bob Whit- - taxer, cnargea with murder, from Red River to Wise county, remain unchanged. Amendment by Mr. Rushing to pay W. Fender 8500 for building a school house in Kaufman county, and one by Mr. Armistead to pay $500 for claims of the sheriff and district clerk of Marion county, were defeated. House adjourned till ii a. m. Satur day. Continued on Third Page. SGIKKTIFIC MATTERS. Dobbie and Hutcheson have ex perl. niented upon bleaching by the aid of . . nl .u t- i'ii i .i l.- - - V. Y. v. v. j Lim. J Ul 111 LB JUIHJB till? stuff is first dipped into sea water and then passed through hot rolls which are connected w ith the poles of a gal- vanic battery. In order to decom pose the hypochloride which is thus form- ed, the cloth is drawn through diluted acid and fully bleached. A firm in Pans. France, have pat ented an invention for the instantane- ous formation of steam which per mits for its use at once in the cylin- der of the engine. A pump sends the required quantity of liquid between two plate surfaces, which are heated, and between which there is only a ca pillary space. The liquid spreading in a thin layer evaporates at once, without going into the sphe roidal state, and this steam acts in the cylinder as fresh formed steam. The speed of the pump is regulated by the engine, the pump being con- nected with the shaft of the engine. At. a meeting of the academy of sciences at New York, experimental researcuea on me iormauon oi me peculiar crater in the moon were com- municated by Mr. Bergeron. He sends hot air though a brass tube into a melted but gradully cooling mass of Wood's alloy. The bubbling of the air forms a circular space, first like a circus ring and then like a crater. Soon, howev r, the mass becomes pasty, and forms a cone in the mid- dle. Some slightly different effects were had with other alloys, such as a more broken up aoearance on the side of the cone. An interruption of the current gave rise to the formation of two concentric craters. According to Huggins. comets emit a characteristic light which indicates, by spectral analysis, the presence of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, ele ments which are shown by the spectra of acetylene and cyandydric acid. Berthelot thinks that these results point to an electric origin of the light. He has alio wn that acetylene is form ed immediately and necessarily when- ever carbon and hydrogen come'under the inlluenee of the electric arc. When nitrogen is added to acetylene-th- e electric influence produces cyan- dydric acid. It seems scarcely possi- ble to conceive of a continuous com- bustion in cometary matter, but an. electric illumination may lie easily understood. Simple as such a thing may appear to be, it has, nevertheless, been found very difficult to determine the color of pure water, or at least scientists-diffe- r quite materially in their esti- mates. A special effort has re- cently been made by nerr Vic- tor Meyor to settle this question, and he has found that it is a shade be- tween blue and green. Taking two-glas- s tubes forty millimeters in di- ameter and about one and live-tent- meters in length, he connected them, by means of rubber tubing, forming a tube atxiut seven and one-ha- lf meters long. Both ends of this tube are fixed in glass plates and fitted with metal sockets, which are provided with brass nozzles for filling the tube.. All being arranged, the tule is placed, in a perfectly horizontal position and. covered with a black cloth. Upon: looking through the empty tube, the iiciu ui viaiuii appeals uoiuries, as mr metal sockets prevent the glass froini exerting any influence. As soon, however, as the tube is filled with dis- tilled water an intense bluish geen color is oliserved. The Ostrich Farm. hu Alleles Herald, March 23 Twenty-tw- o ostriches arrived yes- terday from South Africa, by the . L......L I,.. 11 i fuumeiu x ucuic rauroau, anu were taken to their new home, about three in Up from Costa station, on a farm of 640 ac es that was purchased for their residence. These rare and valuable birds tire valued at $3000 apiece, anil the whole band, occupying a baggage car, was insured for $20,000 in the Ac- cident Insurance company for the benefit of their owne... ;ii l not for their relatives, its is the manner of other birx-ds- . This lot of birds, the first of their kind to settle n thin coast, stand six and a half feel high without boots, and attract gr at at- tention. While wailing over ut the depot for the Anaheim tniiii. they amused the spectator about tho car oy swallowing some large, oianges that were given them, without the trouble of mastication. Their powers of deglutition were an astonishment to those who saw them exercised. Dr. C.J. Sketchlev.of South Africa, had charge of the birds, and we hope he will be successful in his efforts to raise them in our county. The Reign of the Dudes. INew York Klar-- Mrs. Langtry is singularly unfor-- . tun ate in the matter of chaperones or vice versa. She was accompanied to, the United States by her friend and dramatic teacher, Mrs. Laboucbere, and the course of their companion- ship ran smoothly enough until it split on the rock of Freddie's ob- trusive attentions. This professional beauty and mediocrectress Is said to have avenged herself by Intimating that envy and green-eye- d jealousy were at the root of Mrs. Labouchere a dissatisfaction. However, as soon as Cbaperone No. 1 took her departure, Chaperone No. 2 came across the ocean in the person of Miss Agnes Langtry, reputed to be the sister-in-la- w of the Lily. Two weeks ago Miss Agnes deserted her post of duty, shook the soil of the United States from off her boots, and slipped away to Canada under the protection of a dazzling dude from Toronto. If Mrs. Langtry is familiar with the Latin tongue, Bhe may well exclaim, quis custodiet ipsos custodes? She must now cable promptly to London for two new chaperones one for her- self and one for the fugitive Agnes. It was Sir John T. W. Herschel who advanced the following state- ment: For the benefit of those who diacuss the subjects of population, war, pestilence, famine, etc., it may be as well to mention that the num- ber of human beings living at the end of the hundredth generation, com- mencing from a single pair, doubling at each generation, (say in 30 years), and allowing for each man, woman and child and average space of 4 feet in height, and 1 foot square, would form a vertical column having for its base the whole surface of the earth and sea spread out Into a plane, and for its height 3474 times the sun's dis- tance from the earth. The number of human strata piled one on the other would amount to 4ijO,7UO,000- .- 000,000. New Orleans, April 6. Confed- erate graves and monuments were n .ndsomely decorated to-d-ay by the Association of the Army of Tennes- see, assisted by a delegation of the Association of the Army of Northern Virginia and Grand Army of the Re- public, and laid the corner-eton- e of the monument for the Army of Tenn- essee. Gen. Chaa. Hooker, of Missis- sippi, delivered an oration Tho Association of the Tennessee have their annr' and banquet at MaMonic is a

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Page 1: chroniclingamerica.loc.govchroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83021327/1883-04-12/ed-1/seq-2.pdf · THE STATESMAN. AUSTIN. TEXAS. THUSRDAY APR. 12, 1883 Susan 1$. Anthony haa immi grated

THE STATESMAN.

AUSTIN. TEXAS.

THUSRDAY APR. 12, 1883

Susan 1$. Anthony haa immigrated to east Tennessee and is nowwriting editorials for the columns of

the Knoxville Chronicle.

As the New York Sun says, freecompetition is the regulator of railways. Liberty is the solvent of all

things in this world and the protec

tory of the people.

Tiieke can be no breach in theDemocratic party on the tariff issue.

The principle is as old as the partyitself, that Democrats believe in atariff for revenue only.

His FitAUDi'LENCY signifies" that' he to willing to be made governor of

Ohio. Well, he may be willing, buthis nomination would be a good

- thing for the Democratic candidate.

Tub Vernon Guard is terriblysevere in its denunciation of Gov,

I reland. It says it is Democratic, butthat Deinocaac does not mean submission to personalism in government

Six years ago all the traffic in andout of Birmingham, Alabama, wasdone with six two-mul- e teams. Kowit has three railway stations andships 1000 car loads of freight permonth.

Gen. Diaz said to a reporter inNew York on Saturday that thestory of his connection with a syndicate of American railway operatorsis an "absolute TalsehiAxl." He istraveling in America "purely andsimply for pleasure.

At a meeting of Southern manufac-turers at Atlanta it was asserted UnitSouthern cotton mills are so well es-

tablished that they now control themarket for coarse cotton goods every- -

w here in the United States and evenregulate the price of these fabrics iuNew England.

The abolition of the . three daysgrace on nofos, drafts, etc., is urged bybusiness men in New York. It iscontended that the necessity for thecontinuance of this undent customhas long since passed, and its abolitionwill simplify interest calculationsand make payments fail regularly atthe end of the month.

Den Butler hopes to be the Dem- -

CraUS 'presidential nominee in 1884,

and he thinks as such he would be the' successful candidate. He alre;idycounts on New England and NewYork and tho Catholic influencethroughout the country, and he hopesof aid from Tilden. Besides, he issure of the odds and ends of partieseverywhere.

A ouand inter-continent- al coidi--tion, composed of France, Italy, Bel-

gium, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland'Houmania, Servia, Brazil and nearlyall of the Spanish-America- n stateshas been formed for the purpose ofsecuring patent rights, designs andtrademarks to inventors, equallybinding on all the countries compos- -

jrlhe confederation.

president has finally settled."question of Howe's successor. He

''has selected a western man, and onewho, the dispatch states, is "thoroughly independent." Judge G res-ha-

of Indiana, it is stated, has abrilliant war record, and, when call

ed to the office of postmaster general,was on the federal bench. The numerous aspirants for the position andits emoluments can now rest easy.a

IT has been decided to change thecolor of the uniform of the Britishregular army from scarlet, whichthey have always worn, to the Confederate gray. It appears to havejust been discovered, after an ex perience of several hundred years, thatscarlet is too conspicuons a color towear into batUe, for "death loves ashining mark. The attractions ofthe color for rustic recruits is said tobe so great, howver, as to offer greattemptations to enlistment, and forthis reason it is to be retained for parade purposes, but in the field the soldit r gray will be used.

Tiieke seems to be some anxiety inbanking circles as to whether the na-

tional bank circulation will not fall offin the coming year to such an extentas to cause trouble. In a letter to abank president who had made inqui-ries upon this matter. ComptrollerKnox gives his reasons for believingUiat there will not be any great re-

duction in the amount of nationalbank notes in circulation in the next

- year, ur JW.UW.UUU or 3". per centlonds outstanding on March 1, 1883,

.. : . t i t v ii i i . . .iihuuuiu. uauKs uom omy aooutXJO.OOO, while they hold $198,000,000

of threes out of $21)7,000,000. Nearlythree-quarte-rs of the 3 per cent bondsheld by the banks are among the firstbonds issued. " The 8curitiesrield bynational banks will, therefore, not beaffected to great extent during the-comln-g

year by the payment of bonds.The comptroller then goes on to showth'ut. Uie greater part of the circula-tion is held by banks in geographicallocations where the profit upon it issufficient inducement for them to con-

tinue to hold the high-price- d bonds,and to replace such small amounts as

" may be called w ith others.' An English newspaper especially ad-

vises Britons, when they emigrate, tosettle in British colonies, and thoughit does this in the very text para-graph, it alludes to the state of Michigaa as. leing somewhat larger thanEngland and "Wales combined, asbeing the ninth state of the Union inpoint of populaUon, having a coastline of 1600 miles along which vesselsof 2000 tons may sail without losingsight of land, possessing a fertile soil,salubrious climate, exhaustlesa de-posits of iron, copper and salt, aboundless lumber trade and extensivemanufactures, producing grain, wool,dairy products and fruits generously,ranking among the first states in ma-rine tonnage, free from debt and stillholding large areas of wild lands forthe immigrant. We find no such at-

tractive showing claimed for any ofthrt British colonies. The article isevidently "inspired by the very ablework of the Michigan immigrante .rnmi-vJon- , which has been doing aI l,j work in inducing energetic llrit-- f

:is to try their fortune in a countryi t, belonging to Eugland. In some re- -

is ar t! e i t if

The legislature is asked to makean appropriation lor ' maintaining acommission at the southern exposition, to begin at Louisville in AugustThe Statesman has repeatedlv urgedthat the state take stock in thesegreat exhibitions. The one at Louisville will be attended not only bypeople from all the states of theUnion, but by visitors from everycivilized country on the globe. Thestate suffered by not being representedat the centennial exposition, bynot making Texas known atAtlanta and at Boston and otherpoints where great inter-stat-e and international exhibits have been made.Certainly she has remained in thebackground long enough. The natur-al and industrial productions of Texas are as varied as those of any country on the globe, and the credit to bederived from their exposition wherevast throngs of inquiring people congregate, is of no insignilicant nature,It is earnestly hoped that hereafterthere will be displayed a determina-tion to make Texas known atsuch places, and to thisend the legislature should direct itsattention. Some time ago in discussing the exhibition at Boston we heldthat there should be a general andpermanent provision for the state'srepresentation at all the great exhibitions of Europe and America.

Out of the system of African slavery, says Wilkeson, arose a practice ofpaving low wages in the south. 'Treewhites could not compete with blackslaves. This condition of affairs pro-

duced a race of poor whites in thesouth. In their competition withslave labor they learned to live economically, and the consequence isthat the southern mills can get operatives at much less cost than the NewEngland manufacturers. The whitescould not compete with the negroesin field labor, and the cotton mills, inwhich no negroes are employed, wereestablished at an opportunetime lor them. The i

who would have proph&iiltwenty years ago that the emancipation of the slaves would suppress thecotton manufacturing industry ofNew England would have been regarded as a lunatic, but such a prophecy now is safe. The southern cottonindustry is based on the low wages ofoperatives. In 18S0, 15,209 operativeswere employed in southern cottonmills. They were paid $2,517,347, or anaverage of $liS) each. During the sameyear the Massachusetts operativeswere paid $259, and those of Maine$251 each. The northern operativesreceived an average sum of $85vear more than those employed inthe southern mills. There is doom inthese figures.

Notwithstanding an appearanceof genenil prosperity in business circles the failures for the first quarterof the present year show a formidableincrease over those of 1882 and 1881

both in regard to numbers and amountsinvolved. The total number of failures was 3189, an increase of sixty percent over the same period in 1881 andforty-nin- e percent of 1882. The totalliabilities foot up $12,135,535, an increase of forty-tw- o per cent over lastyear. The assets are reported at $23,- -

"153,828, an increase of fifty-fiv- e percent over 1882. The average liabilities for each failure amount to $13,--243: the average assets, 7542. Theratio of total assets to total liabilities is 56.2 per cent. The lowestaverage liabilities to each failurewas $7912, in the Pacific btates; thehighest, $20,701, in the middle states.The mercantile agencies which havecompiled the above statistics claimthat the increased number of failureswas a simple cleaning out of a lot ofcrippled firms which have been hanging by the eyelids for a long time.

Col..George L. Walton, a distinguished citizen of Louisiana, is inAustin, visiting his brother, Maj rWm. M. Walton. CoL AValton is atthis time president of the Louisianastate senate, in which position he haswon the undivided respect and confidence of e people of Louisiana.Many years CoL Walton was a resident of Austin, and, since leavingTexas,he has been engaged in plantingon the Mississippi river. Not longago considerable anxiety was felt asto the state of this gentleman's health,ana now, alter recovering irom aprotracted and .severe attack ofpneumonia, he is seeking change ofplace for the more perfect restorationof his health, and w ill, probably, be-

fore his return to his state, extend hisvisit to California. TheSTATESMANwishes him, as he certainly will haveamong his devoted relatives andfriends, a pleasant sojourn in the Cap-ital City of Texas.

Attention is called to a communi-cation regarding the proposed amend-ments to the city charter. When theseamendments are secured, a new andbrighter and more promising day willdawn in Austin's municipal history-King- s

and cliques and agencies con.trolling the city administration willbe among the things of the past. Inthe name of decency and of reformlet the bill now before the legislature

'pass.

What has become of the compul-sory vaccination scheme. It ought tobe enacted as the distingishing featureof the state administration.

The Russian Socialists declare fora constitution or the scalp of the czar.

The southern exposition' at Louis-ville, Kentucky, opens August 1, andcontinues one hundred days. To In-

dicate the purposes of this expositionthe Statesman must be guided by acircular presented in its behalf. Overa quarter of a million dollars havebeen subscribed to make the enter-prise a grand success, and it is antici-pated not only in display, but in at-tendance, the occasion will be thegrandest of its sort ever held in Uiesouth. It is set forth by the circularof Uie directory that cotton is to bethe central feature of this exposition;and. never before was cottonmore worthy the study of thinkingmen. The southern farmers are nowmore active in their investigations,more earnest in their efforts to im-prove their crops than they have everbeen. They are quicker to take holdof new machines, prompter to res-pond to any denuind for new varietiesof their producUons than thev haveever been before, it is especially im-portant for them to determine howthey can realize something from Uieoil in the cotton seed, and at the sametime give to the land the cotton seedat a fertilizer. It is claimed by several manufacturers they are nowmaking a plantation oil mill to meetthis demand, ut a low price, and sev-eral of these will be on exhibition at

I'll'' I t :it size of t," ! !.!,

a v ' i: - ( t

and mud in all its travels; it Is diff-icult to handle; it needs to be compressed and sampled, all which de-tracts from the net result in thehands of the farmer. Another bide,corresponding to the small hay bales.has been introduced, and it has b jenapproved by the cotton planter s as-sociation; still it makes little or noprogress in displacing the other. Onedifficulty is the expense of the press;it is now said a cneaper press nasbeen secured which will do this work,and it will, we suppose, be seen in thefall.

Other matters deserving attentionand capable ot vast improvement, relate to the gin-nouse- s, in most sec-tions of the south these are of thecrudest character, the power expensive, and tne work unsatisfactory, inthe gin-nous- es ine value or tne wholecotton crop deteriorates, because it ishandled recklessly, is mixed withtrash and dirt, is injured by theweather, and is treated with less con-sideration than any crop in the land.The Louisville exposition will be incomplete unless we have some modelgin-house- s.

enough nas ieen said to indicatesomething of the possible usefulnessto the cotton planter of this exposition, but the subject is Iar troru ex-

hausted. Much may be done to improve the fiber of the cotton, muchto add to its productiveness. But thesouth and the west aro interested inother topics as well as in those whichrelate to cotton, and they are otscarcely secondary importance. Sugarand sorghum have an interest for theagricultural community, and consequently to all the people which theynave never oeiore nau.

The display of sugar-makin- g machinery will be one of the features ofthe southern exposition atLiouisvilie,and no exposition of southern resources would be complete which neglected the sugar problem. With sugar-maki- very few of us are famil

. . ..! - l .1 a : iiar. e kiiow lue territory m xvuier--ica where sugar cane can be successfully raised is very restricted. lie--cent experiments, and we may nowadil practical tests, indicate that themissing ingredient has been found atlast, and that sugar of the best gr;uiecan be made of sorghum. Whenthe truth of this statement hasbeen demonstrated to the satisfaction of the great lody of Americanfarmers, when at Louisville it is subjected to the most scathing tests ofskepticid scientists and we all see thesugar crystals, we will begin to reallze the vast importance of the discovery, and instead of devoting a fewthousand acres to sugar-raisin- g inLouisiana, the sugar belt becomesidentical with the corn belt, and instead of sending one hundred millions out of the country every year topay lor sugar we Keep it at home.

The importance of the culture ofjute is just beginning to be appreciated. India raises and exports threemillion bales, and it enters largely. i r . . . f . riulu tne iii.tuuiaeiure oi various arilcles. The difficulty is that its manipution is exceedingly costlv and laborious, and it would be difficult, with thepresent raiichinery, for America tocompete with India in its productionBut there have recently been invented a number ot machines for handling jute, and the indications no'w arethat the new inventions will proventirely successful. The soil and climate in many of the southern statesare especially adapted for raising juteand the production per acre all thatcould be asked. V ith the introduction of new machinery, jute culturepromises to become a leading industry in the . south. The managers ofthe Louisville exposition hope tohave this product of southern soil sofully illustrated at Louisville in thefall as to greatly advance the interests of all who are engiiged in it.

Grape culture will also be treatedin a comprehensive way. In manysections of the south wine-makin- g

can become exceeding profitable. Thescuppernong grape wine is steadilygrowing in popularity and improvingin quality. We should have at Louisville an exhibition of native wineswhich has never yet been equaled.

Hemp, raimie, tobacco, grain, silkand nee will have ample room andspace devoted to them, and it is quitecertain that, as far as the farmers ofthe west and south are concernedthis will be the most interesting exhiunion ever neio.

minerals in the south.Great Britain owes her commercial

importance to cheap coal and cheapiron. If the south cannot make ironat prices as low as it can be producedin England, it can make iron.cheaperthan it can be made anywhere elsein America. This is becoming plainerand plainer each day; and every timethere is dullness in the iron trade andprices decline, attention is directed tothe coal and iron fields of the southera states. The display ot iron oreand ores of every kind, will thereforeattract wide attention, not onlyamong the capitalists of America, butof Europe. Especial care will betaken to make these exhibits the mostcomprehensive ever shown, and inthis work the directors ot the exposition are assured of the active co-op- e-. . . .: A ll 1 iratio i oi aii tue rauroau managers.

The variety and value of the tim-ber lands in the south are but beginning to be appreciated, and yet thesoumern iorests are almost inexhaustible. It is the purpose of themanagers to leave nothing undone tohave the display of woods, the infor-mation concerning . them and theprices of the timber tracts so complete as to result in the opening ofmany oi tne iorests in the immediatefuture.

The development of the wood andiron industries of the southern statesis especially important to Louisville.lnis is to be both a great commercial and manufacturing center, because we. can nave cheap lumber,cneap iron ana cneap coal. C'ommer-ci- al

ascendency can only be obtainedby expanding our manufacturing facilities. In the past ten. years thegrowth of the manufacturing inter-ests of Louisville has been extraordinary, and this growth continueswith increasing rapidity. It is evident that, with cheap fuel, cheaplumuer ana cneap coal, and unsurpassed transportation faciliUes, thefuture of Louisville ...is assurred:.nence we consider, with much concern, any movement tending to thedevelopment of iron and coal fieldssouth of us, and to the building ofany new roaas wnicn inaKe the wealthof the forests available.

The Art AmateurFor March contains admirable full- -

sized working designs of clover, azaleas and water lilies tor china paint-ers; a South Kensington chair seat,and a chalice veil for embroideries; ascore of delicious cupids, and a pageof fresh and excellent monograms,twenty-si-x in number, giving the let-ter A in successive combinationswith the entire alphabet. The re-maining letters ire to be similarlygiven in future numbers. The lead-ing article in Uiis issue is a capitalnotice of the AVater Color exhibi-tion, by Edward Strahan, with illus-trations of over thirty of thenoteworthy pictures. Boughton'sbeau ti fid painting, "Snow in Spring,"is finely reproduced, and there is agood portrait of Dore, with some wellchosen examples of his work. Flowerpainters, fan painters, china paintersand photograph portraits are remem-bered in the practical articles, andthere is much pleasant and copiouslyillustrated talk about French furni-ture, Japanese art, new houses, oldfashions and a variety of other arttopics. On the whole, the Marchnumber is an excellent specimen ofthis always attracUve magazine.Price, 35 cents; $4 a year. MontagueMarks, publisher, 23 Union Square,New York.

In Foochow, China, a debtor whofailed to come to time at the annualsetUement, which, according toChinese customs, takes place at or be-fore New Year, was set upon by hisindignant creditors and drowned.The Foochow Herald says the officialsseldom interfere in these cases, andaccording to Chinese ethics there isno reason why they should. In hisnative country a Chinaman who can-not meet his New Year settlement is

rvtvd t: commit suieMf,i i y : " t i "j-- v i .

We'll Kill Them.

To the Editor of The Statesman:It is understood that certain inter-

ested parties who wish to defeat theproposed amendments to the citycharter are sending written communi-cations and verbal- - messages to themembers of the judiciary committeefor the purpose of preventing a favor-able report on the proposed amend-ments. It is stated also that the clerkof the committee having under consideration the bill of the amendmentsreplied to an inquiry as to how theamendments were getting on,"Oh,we'llkill them." Who constitutes the "we

Inquirer.The Proposed Amendments to the

Austin City Charter.To the Editor of The Statesman:

There has long existed an earnestdesire on the psirt of the intelligentand tax-pavi- citizens for suchchanges in the charter of this city asexperience has proved to oe necessary.The opinion has been, and is, almostuniversal among the better class oicitizens that the salaries of cityofficials should be reduced, and shouldnot be absolutely fixed by the charterbut left within certain limits to thediscretion of the city council; thatthe mayor should be relieved ot hold-io- n

courts, and that the office of recorder should be created lor tnat pur-pose; that such conditions and inilu-enc- es

should be thrown around theotlices of mayor and aldermen thatthese oilices would seek themen. and not the men the officesand that, consequently, themayor and aldermen wouldgenerally be men who would serve atthe request ot their lellow-citize- ns

whose confidence and esteem theywould possess, on account of theirhigh standing and business qualifications; that to sucn men the selectionof city officials could be more sal el yentrusted than to the corrupting influences of municipal elections; thatthe disbursement of the city revenuesshould be so strictly guarded as toprevent the possibility ot the creationof any floating debt, the bonded debtbeing already sufficiently guarded bythe fact that it can only be increasedby an act of the legislature, or bytwo-thir- vote of the tax payers.

The amendments to the city charternow before the house are substantially the embodiment of the provisions above recited, anu a verylarge majority of the tax payersare anxious for the experimentof a city government conducted under such provisions. A few individuais are personally and pecuniarily interested in the defeat of the proposedamendments, and are resorting to allthe methods of lobbying within theirreach to effect their purpose. Underthese circumstances .will the legislature refuse to give the desired changein the management of the city government V

. If any member of thehouse has any doubt as to the viewand wishes of the great body of sub-stantial citizens in this matter, lethim reflect that the amended charterpassed the senate unanimously underthe advocacy ot J udge Terrell, who,with a residice of nearly thirtyyears, knows the wants and wishes ofthe citizens of Austin, andthat the changes proposed inthe charter are no new subject.but have been a matter of mo;or less discussion. Let such doubtingmember also asK the local representatives what character of citizens arerepresented by the memorials askinglor the passage or the amendments,and then wnat class of citizens arerepresented by the protest, after thewithdrawal of a number of the bestnames originally obtained by misrep-resentation. May not the citizens ofAustin confidently expect that themembers of the house will refuse tolisten to the little coterie of office-holders, office-seeker- s, demagogues andhired help, but will unite with thelocal representatives in the passage oftne bill ot amendments to the citycharter as it came from the senate, notpermitting amendments having fortheir object the defeat of the bill, orto nullify any of its principal provisions. TAXPAYER.

BIRTH AJiD DEATH OF WORLDS

Some of the Geological Changes ThatHave Taken Place.. .

Prof. Proctor in Belgravia.It has been shown that had past

geological changes in the earth takenplace at the same rate as those whichare now in progress, 100,000,000 ofyears at the very least would havebeen required to produce those effectswhich have actually been produced,we find, since the earth's surface wasfit to be the aliode of life. B.ut re-cently it has been pointed out, cor-rectly, in all probability, that underthe greater tide-raisi- power of themoon in past ages, these changeswould have taken place more rapidly,As, however, certainly 10,000,000 ofyears, ana probably a much longertime, must have elapsed since themoon was at that favorable distancefor raising tides, we are by no meansenabled, as some well-meani- butmistaken persons have imagined, toreduce the life-beari- ng stage of theearth from a duration 100,000,000 ofyears to a minute traction of suchperiod. The short life, but exceedingly lively one, which they desire to seeestablished by geological or astronomical reasoning, never can be demonstrated. At the very least, we mustassign 10,01)0,000 years to the life-be- ar

ing stage of the earth a existence. 1

we now multiply thi3 period by sevenlor Jupiter we get a period ot (50,000,000 years longer. But take the stagepreceding that of lite on the earthFrom the researches of Bischoff intothe cooling oi masses of heated rockit seems to follow that a period ofmore than 300,000.000 years must havebeen required ior tne cooling of theearth from a temperature of 2000 centigrade to one of 200 degrees, a coolingwhich has certainly taked place. Suppose, however, that these experiments,or tne calculations based on them,were vitiated by some error so considerable as to increase the real dur;tion of the fiery stage of our earth'ihistory more than ten-fol- d, the realduration oi that period being only30,OUO,000 years. Multiply this in turnby 7, and we get a period of 210,000,-000, or 180,000,000 years longer. Weought next to consider the vaporousstage; but the evidence on which toform an opinion as to the duration ofthis stage oi a planet s history is t oslight to be the basis of actual calcu-lation. Here, as Tyndall has well re--marKed, "conjecture must entirelycease." But, by considering only twostages the fiery stage and the life--bearing, or rather that portion of thelife-beari- stage through which theearth has hitherto passed we find thetwo monstrous time differences 00

and 60,000,000, or 240,000,000years in all. . Xhey mi-a-

that, if our assumption as the effectof Jupiter s superior mass is correct,then, supposing Jupiter and the earthto have started into existence as distinct orbs at the same or nearly thesame time, 240,000,000 years mustelapse before Jupiter will reach thatstage of planetary life through whichour earth is now passing. Whetherthe assumption be correct or not, thetime differences between the stages ofJupiter's life and Uie earth's are ofthis order. They must be measuredby tens of millions if not by hundredsof millions of years. We must note,however, that the 240,000,000 yearscorrespond with only a seventh partof that time in Uie earth's history; sothat we may say that, if our assump-tions are correct, Jupiter would nowbe in the state in which our earthwas 34,000,000 years ago, or nearer thebeginning than Uie end of the fierystage.

New York City is about to under-take another costly job. the state sen-ate having already passed a bill,which has the indorsement of all theieading city officials, for the buildingot a new aqueduct that will cost anywhere irom $io,ooo,oou to go,ooo,ouo.The water is to be drawn from theCroton valley. The whole work, in-cluding the necessary reservoirs, is tobe performed by contract made afterublil letting, it is conceded that

;YVrli's w.tter supply is now al-t-

insufficient, and that the..'ys'.oulJte hurrie-- r;.

he forfeits the respect cf his fellows, and becomes an outlaw. Thefaithfulness to their money contractsof a majority of Chinese in this coun-try is often referred to by their apol-ogists as proving that the race ischaracterized by a childlike integrity,but it really proves nothing of thekind, because their commercial habitsare the result of the barbarous debtorlaws of their own country. Theykeep their contracts, not from in-grained honesty, but from fear of aaw that makes the life of the insolv

ent debtor a forfeit. A Chinamanwho will pay his debts with religiousfidelity will cheat or rob mother wayswithout scruple.

Special Correspondence.!OUR WASHINGTON LETTER.

Washington, April 3.Knowing that President Arthur

had intentions of making a prolongedsouthern tour, the representative ofthe Statesman called at the whitehouse late Monday evening, andstated to Private Secretary Philipsthat he would like to know if thepresident-ha- d made up his mind totake in Texas, i'hilips has the reputation among the newspaper men ofbeing a supercilious, uncommunicative "kind of cuss, to use a plainbackwoods expression, and he did fulljustice to himself on this occasionSaid the scribe: "I represent the Aus-tin Statesman, one of the leadingdailies in the state of Texas and inthe southwest, and I have called to seeit Mr. Arthur has any intentionof going to the Lone Star State whilehe is away from the city. You arein a position to know all of his movements. "Now, really, you will have toexcuse me; I know that his excellency has the intention of making anextended southern tour, but whetherhe

WILL REACH TEXASI am not prepared to . say for a cer-tiinty." "That may be," said thereporter, "but do you think he will goto Texas is there any probability ofhis going there?" "You are too muchtor me; 1 have heard Mr. Arthur talka great deal about his 'trip, which heseemed to anticipate with much pleasure, but 1 would not like to say whatplaces he is going to,tor I may misrepresent his intentions." "But. Mr. Philips. J

simply want a definite answer, yougave it out that he was going tot londa and mentioned several otherpoints that he intended to visit, didyou not ? And yet you say that youdon t Know whether or not he isgoing to Texas. Did you not hearthe president say something aboutTexas? - "oung man." answeredthe fancy-lookin- g secretary, "I wouldnot like to say anything- about thevisit of the president down south, hemight not like it. You just make upanything and send it to Texas." See-ing there was little to be gained byfooling with evasive I'hilips the scibeleft, after blessing him for his unaccommodating disposition. i rom othertrustworthy sources it was ascertained that Mr. Arthur had some intentions of visiting Texas. He inquired alter the condition of the hotels in Austin and other cities, andbeing informed that they wei e firstclass in every respect, said that hewould like nothing better than tovisit the state, and that he would, ifpossible, go there betore returningnorthward. There is no question butwhat a presidential visit to Texaswould be productive of great goodIt would open the eyes of the entirecountry about the vast material andpolitical importance of Texas inthe galaxy of states; the leadingpart she is soon to playin the governmental affairs ofof the great republic. Wherever thepresident goes he will be attended bya corps of some of the best journalistsat the north, and the treatment he re-ceives and the country through whichne passes wm oe minutely described,

PENSION CASES.

Commissioner Dudley may feelvery sanguine as to the number ofpension cases he will be able to dis-pose of by the close of the present fiscal year, but the present outlook is.not very encouraging, a large classoi cases are in tne nanus ot the adiutant general's division of the war office. These cases are those which require evidence to show the actualdischarge of the soldier fromthe service, or time, placeanu tne cause ot his deathshould he have been killed or diedfrom disease in the service. Therecords of the adjutant general';office, relating to such matters, arevery complete and the desired mformation is generally furnished thecommissioner of pensions promptlybut recently there has been considerable delay, caused partly by clericalerrors in the pension office whencethe first call on the adjutant general';office for data emanates, and alsofrom the pressure brought to bear bycongressmen and others urgent forthat speedy settlement. Cases thatwere expected to have been actedupon by the late congress were thuspostponed and lately it is stated,tne cause becoming more apparent, oruers to tne end thatthe work shall be more' carefullyprepared and examined, have beencirculated in all the departments inwhich the pension work is being con-ducted. There are now on hand inthe adjutant general's office a vastnumber of cases marked "special.'These cases are of the class known asc:ises to be rushed through at the individual request of certain congress-men. Ordinarily it requires abouttwo days to put such a case throughand return it to congress to be actedupon, but toward the close .of Uie lastsession the rush was so great that itwas impossible to respond promptlyto every request. The work of themammoth pension office seems to in-crease daily, and next year's, estimatesfor the annual appropriation promiseto be enormous.

now TOM WINS.The famous Tom Ochiltree salary

case that has caused so muchtalk in the country has at last beendecided by Lawrence, first comp-troller of the treasury, after hearing afull argument. The United - Statesholds a judgment against Ochiltreefor $U890. In November. 1882. hewas elected representative in congressfrom Texas. On the 4th of Aprilthere will be due to him one month'ssalary, $417. The question to be de-cided was whether the salary shouldbe held to apply on the judgment. Inview of the explicit provision of theconstitution, and the reasons onwhich it rests, it must be held thatthe salary must be actually paid to arepresentative, because the languageof the constitution is imperative, "heshall receive a compensation for"his services as . fixed bylaw. If his compensationbe not paid to him, and it is with-held, it cannot be said that he receivespay. There are otner provisions inthe constitution making it still moreplain that a congressman must beEaid. so that after all Uie fuss made

treasury officials it is evidentthat there was no other course to pur-sue but to give Tom his money andignore the judgment held against himby the government.

PRESIDENTIAL GALLANTRY.Upon the invitation of Presi-

dent Arthur, Madame Chris-tine Nilsson, the celebrated singer,now in Washington, accompanied byseveral other ladies, visited the whitehouse and dined with the presidentand his sister Mrs. Ainsworth. Afterdinner she was escosted by Chesterthrough the various rooms (nineteen)of Uie executive mansion and intro-duced to the cabinet. The visitorsthen retired to the green parlor,where the singer played on a grandpiano and sang a beautiful Italianair, which was heartily applauded.

L.S.m

Wants a Network '

IVernon Guard.What Texas needs is more rail-

roads, and we say let them be encour-aged by all legitimate means untilthey form a perfect network throughout the entire state, when the "vexedprowem" which has racked Uie brainof the average Texas solon, will set-tle itself in a manner that will be en-tirely satisfactory to the people andro ula too.

THE HIGHER COURTS.

llALVKSTON TUX, 18&3.J

Synopsis of Opinions of the SupremeCourt

REPORTED BV ED. J. HAXNKR.r Parties desiring Information unon matters

concerning the higher courts will receive sucnby writing our court reporter.!

Alexander vs. Holt: appeal fromWalker county. For the principalquestion in controversy see Kennedyet al vs. Anderson county, alreadypublished. 13 Texas Law Review.1 he district court did not err in granting the temporary injunction and onfinal hearing sustaining it. The lawin force P. D. art. 6834 exempted theproperty in controversy. The cottonand corn crops were also exempt, theybeing necessary to the beneficial en-joyment of the homestead. 14 Tex.&ys.j Affirmed. Willie, CJ.

Liewis et ai vs. Meisner: appeal fromAustin county. This is a suit by ap-pellee against appellants for damageslor an alleged trespass, a. one ot theappellants, of the firm of A, B. & 0.,being a resident ot JNew lork, nledhis bond for removal of the cause tothe federal court. Held. The suitbeing against all of the parties as jointtrespassers, and the state courts having j unsuicuon oi an tne otner ueieuu-ant- s,

the motion to remove was prop-erly overruled; yet if A. fails in hisefforts to remove and comes in againsthis will and is forced to trial, hewaives no right by his defending inthe state courts. Keversed and rendered for Lewis et al. Opinion byWatts, J. Adopted.

Grimes vs. AVatkins; from Matagorda county. G rimes made a motiontor continuance in the lower courtwhich was refused, and that error isthe only one noticed. He had pled anamended answer, October 6, 1874, inwhich he set up an itemized accountagainst Watkins; the account wasduly sworn to under the act of 1874,page oz it. b. Art. Zbbj. A shorttime before the trial, which was hadat the May term, 1877, Watkins filedhis affidavit in dispute of the account.This imposed the burden of proof up-on Grimes. The continuance was applied tor, for the purpose of obtaining the necessary proof to establishhis account. Held, Under this stateof facts the court erred in refusingthe continuance. G. D. Art. 54,13Tex. 22. lteversed and remanded.Opinion of Delaney, J.

Dunman vs. Coleman et al., fromGoliad county. A. owned a largestock of cattle, which he sold to C.x Vo by bill ot sale, they executingat the same time two instruments,which in effect were but one, whichprovided for the payment of the purchase money, ihey stipulated inthese instruments that A. was togather 1000 head of catUe at a stipu-lated price, and upon ascertaining theamount they were to give A. theirnote for the balance of the purchasemoney due. They sold to appelleesby bill ot sale the entire stock as theypurchased it from A. Held. The instruments clearly evidence that theywere but a mortgage in lavor ot Aand must be so held. Reversed andremanded. Opinion of Walker, J.,adopted.

Houston et al vs. state; appeal fromGonzales county. A proceeding upona forfeited bail bond is a suit uponthe bond. The scire facias servesboth as a petition and citation. Torecover, the state must prove its causeof action as in a civil suit, by puttingin evidence the bond, and the judgment nisi declaring its lorieiture,Here the state having failed to showin evidence the judgment nisi, and itmust be held that the verdict is notsufficiently supported by the evidence.lteversed and remanded. wilison, J

The state vs. Arrington et al; fromGonzales county. comes the defendants and move the court to dismissthe cause, because the state hereinundertakes to appeal from a judg-ment quashing a bail bond, and be-cause the case is a criminal case andthe state is prohibited the right of appeal. Held, under previous decisions,both of the supreme court and .thiscourt, this motion must, for thereasons stated, be retained. Constitution, article o, Texas 26. Thestate vs. Ward, 9 court of appeals, 462and citations. Hart vs. state, 10Texas Law lteview. Appeal dismissed. White, l . J.

Arrington et al vs. state; fromGonzales county. The bail bondshould not have been admitted in evidence. It showed on its face that ithad been taken and approved by aconstable ot uonzaies county. Thebond declared upon in the scire faciasis described as one taken by the sheriff ot tronzaies county. There was,therefore, a variance between themwhich was fatal. The bond havingbeen taken and approved by the constable in open court, ana the defendant having left then before the adjournment of the court, it will be presumed that the bond was taken withthe knowledge and approval of thecourt, and was, in legal contempla-tion, taken by the court. The courtis not required to approve bond. 0j. r. Art. 61-s.- i lieversed and remanded. Wilison, J.

Esher vs. the State; from Cass county. A party must leave his bill ofexceptions to the ruling of the lowercourt refusing his application for acontinuance, or this court cannot revise the action of the lower court,For the other questions presented seeiNyiand vs. the state, 14 Tex. J,awiteview.i as to the motion tor newtrial on the ground of newly discovered evidence, were the desired wit-ness present at the difficulty, appellantmust have known it or by reasonabledoigence could have known it. andtherefore this evidence does not comewithin the rules of newly discoveredevidence, nor does appellant show thenecessary diligence as would entitlehim to a new trial. Affirmed. White,r. J.

Kemp vs. state; appeal from Erathcounty. This cause was before thiscourt upon a former appeal 11 Tex.Ct. App. 174 and was then reversedand remanded because the evidencewas insufficient to support the ver-dict. Upon the last trial additionalevidence was adduced, but the con-viction was only for murder of thesecond degree. Held, All the errorsassigned have been carefully noted,the charge is full, fair and impartial,clearly presenting the principles oflaw applicable to the case, and asthere is no error apparent, the judg-ment is affirmed. Wilison, J.

Houston vs. the state, from Gon-zales county. The court did not errin rendering and entering judgmentfinal upon the judgment nisi, at acivil term of the court. The cases ofCassady vs. the state, 4 Ct. App., 16,and Carter vs. state. Idem 165, andWillis vs. the state, Idem 613, are allto the contrary, but these decisionswere rendered before the revisedstatutes went into effect and aretherefore not applicable. The lawnow declares that' after judgmentnisi the procedure in these cases is onUie civil side of the docket.Affirmed. Wilison, J.

Arlington et al vs. State; from Gon-zales county. The offense named inthe bond is stated as "theft of neatcattle." The complaint charges de-fendant with Uie theft of "one twoyear old steer, and two yearling."Held, as "theft of cattle" is an offenseagainst the law, and as all cattle areneat cattle, and theft et a steer andyearlings would be theft of cattle,there is no variance between the bondand the complaint' Affirmed. Will-so- n,

J.

This is part of a sermon by apreacher in Colorado. The boys un-derstood it: "Boys, you'll find thislife like a game of seven-u- p. Youwant to save your tens and look outfor the game, an' never beg when yquhold a good hand. Also, recollect inthe long run low counts as much ashigh, if it is only a trump. The devilhas stocked the cards, but jist play'em honest, and when it comes yourdeal yer boun' to get a winnin' handevery time, and old split-hoo- f will jisthave to jump Uie game and look aftera softer snap. Also, if you happen toturn Jack, call it lucky, but don't for-get to remember that turniP"'-T'- ,r

uncertain business, and Tto bet on."

Continued From First Page.

Seventy-four- th Day's Proceedings.

SENATE.Austin, April 6, 1883.

The senate met at 10 o'clock a. mLieut. Gov. Martin presiding and aquorum present.

I'rayer was offered by tne cnapiam,Rev. Dr. Snioot

Heading of the journal was dispensed with.

PETITIONS.Asking appropriation for services

of veterans.REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES.

State Affairs. The committee recommend that the bill ceding jurisdiction to general government overpremises upon which to build post- -ollice and court house at Dallas, bepassed over the governor s veto.

Mr. Davis introduced a bill to giveAustin four months term of supremecourt and Tyler two months term.

&lr. Shannon: uoncurrent resolution fixing final adjournment at In-- d

ty. April 13.Mr. .Matlock: substitute, nxmg

day at Thursday, April 12. Substi-tute rejected, and Shannon's proposition adopted.

Un motion of Mr. Harris senateconcurred in house amendments tosenate bill judicial dis-tricts.

Mr. Patton. for committee on stateaffairs, presented adverse report onhouse bill granting attorney-gener- al

enlarged powers, viz.: To bring andcontrol suits against delinquent taxcollectors. The committee say thisduty and power is conferred in constitution upon county attorneys.

Mr. Johnson ot Collin, called uphouse bill to provide for investigat-ing alleged land frauds in sales of 50cent lands, and authorize suits to cancel sales, and investigate general landofhee and surveyor s office.

.Dilatory action began, but tne issuewas only delayed by speeches.

Mr. uooch considered notwitnstanuing the limitation in the law as to theamount ot land one person could purchase, the policy had been to effectlarge Bales.

Mr. i leming taiKed at great lengthin defense ot any fraud in the purchase of lands in his district, andafter the completion of his speech thesenate adjurned to meet at a p. m.

The resolution to submit a prohibition constitution and resolutionis a vote of the people.

Senator Gibbs offered the followingas his reasons for voting on the prohibition resolution:

1. As-lon- as the manufacture andsale of intoxicating liquors is permitted bv and made a source of revenueto the United States government, andthat government continues to issuelicenses to sell in prohibitory states.the enactment of such a provisionwould destroy the harmony whichshould exist between the generalgovernment and the state governments, and its eiiective eniorcementwould be impracticable, if not impossible, under these circumstances.

2. The resolution provides for anabsolute, immediate and total prohibition and destruction of a social evilwhich has grown with and lieenlegalized by the civilization of years,and no law can be successfully en-forced which reouires so radical andsudden a change in the social habitsot so large a number of people.

3. In proportion to the number ofqualified voters in Texas, the peoplehave manifested no great dispositionto have the question submitted at thistime, and the recent elections incounties which have tried prohibitionindicate that the people are opposedto it.

4. By this amendment it is proposedto deprive a large portion oi wnatthey regard as a personal right andprivilege, and the excitement neces-sarily incident to a vote on thisamendment, at the time proposedweuld jeopardize the fate of theschool and other important constitutional amendments, which should beadopted or rejected, as the deliberatejudgment or tne people may determine.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

Pending, substitution of the committee substitute.

Mr. Farrar stated that he had faredlargely in the preparation of the committee substitute. He thought thebill not perfect, but the ee

had prepared as conservative abill as they could. He thought theobjects and purposes of the bill hadbeen largely misapprehended. Ann ngthem, the provision fixing the venueof all the land fraud suits at Austin,lie thought the provisions of thehouse bill fixing the venue at theplace where the frauds had been com-mitted, rendered it impossible forthe state to succeed in suitsof that character. He thoughttherefore, the bill in this particular isnot obnoxious to the objections urgedagainst it. He called attention to thelaw locating the venue of suits ofthis character begun on behalf of thestate, which fixes it at the seat ofgovernment.

Mr. Gooch said: I object to thepassage of this bil! for the reason thatit lays the venue for the suits in thecounty of Travis, and will bring citi-zens from every quarter of the state,whether rich-- or poor, to refer theirsuits here, when the general policy ofthe state is and has always properlybeen to permit citizens to besued onlyin their own county, or theiocality ofhis residence. Another serious objec-tion is, and the only other that I have,that it is proposed to declare fraud-ulent the act of requisition of morethan seven sections of pasture lands;notwithstanding we have had fortymillion acres of land which either wasor might have been dedicated to pub-lic schools for forty years. Until thepassage of this law, which now wasmuch complained of, the schools re-

ceived no benefit from it.Within the past forty years, under

this law, the principal of the schoolfund has been increased four millionsof dollars. At eight per cent interestthereon furnishes to the vailableschool fund about $365,000 per an-num, or about $1.25 per capita. Thisbill proposes to cancel a very largeproportion, and it is asserted aboutone-ha- lf of those sales, decreasing thepermanent fund about $2,000,000 andthe interest one-ha- lf that amount.These lands have brought their fairmarket value.and has induced the loca-tion of property on them, of variouskinds, which have increased the reve-nue of the sections of the state inwhich the lands so disposed of are situated, about $20,000,000.

I am in favor of utilizing theseamounts for the present generation;and not keeping them perpetually,without benefit to the school childrenof this state, and of relieving tax-payers who have to pay a tax for agood system of education, unless wepermit these lands to be sold and sus-tain the titles when capital is investedin them.

The committee substitute wasadopted, and after having tacked onto it many amendments passed to en-grossment. -

The motion of Mr. Terrell to recon-sider the vote by which the bill wasordered engrossed, and lay it uponthe table, was adopted.

Mr. Stratton moved that regularorder be suspended, and brought uphouse bill No. 543, Galveston harborimprovement bilL Passed to a thirdreading and final passage.

Mr. Patton ' offered house bill 485,for the relief of certain parties of theDawson massacre, granting tnem landcertificates. Passed to a third read-ing.

Mr. Gooch. offered joint resolution33, proposing to amend the constitu-tion, with amendment. - Resolutionordered engrossed.

On motiorrof Mr. Terrell, the senateadjourned till Saturday at a. m.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

House met at appointed hour, Speak-er Gibson and a quorum present.

Prayer was offered by Uie chaplain.The report of the free conference

committee was taken from the speak-er's table, and Uie accompanying reso-lution, fixing the state and districtschool taxes, reported by the commit--

son, Rogers, Cramer, Chambers, Up-ton, Townsend, Tucker, Durant andCaven.

Mr. Tucker, notwithstanding hesaid he voted against the district sys-tem, would support the propositionin the shape which the resoluUonsubmitted it, as being more in accordwith his own views when he offeredthe amendment to require a three--fourths vote of the tax-pavi- votersof a district, voting on the questionof the district tax.

Mr. Caven said he was as before, astrong advocate of the state system,and wanted the question to be votedon separately by the people, but he ac-cepted the proposition as it was submitted, as tne best could now be obtained, and would vote for the resolution.

The resolution was adopted bv avote of 84 aves to 6 noes the latterbeing Messrs. Chambers of Collins,uavis oi wmp, Mcuaniei, liushing,Steel and Watkins.

lhe resolution is as follows:Joint resolution to amend section 8. of

article u oi tne coDttiluuon of the itateol Texas.Sec. 1. Be it resolved by the state of

Texas. That section 3, of article 7. of theconstitution of the state of Texas be soamended as to hereafter read as follows

bee. 3. One-fourt- h oi the revenue derived from the state occupation taxes anda poll tax ol one dollar on every male lu--nabllant ol tnls state between tne agesoitwenty-on- e and sixty years shall besetspurt annually lor the benefit ol the public free schools and, in addition thereto,there shall be levied and collected an an-nual ad volorem state tax of such anamount not to exceed twenty cents on theone hundred dollars Valuation, as, withthe available school fund arising from allthe other sources will be sufficient tomaintain and support the publlo freeschools of this state for a period of notless than six months In ach year; andthe legislature may also provide for theformation of school districts within all orany ot the counties ot this state, brgeneral or special law, without the Iocs I

notice required in otner cases or speciallegislation, and may authorize an addi-tional annual ad valorem tax to be leviedand eolleeted within such school districtslor the further maintenance of publiciree scnoois ana tne erecting or schoolbuildings therein; provided, that two- -thirds of the quallfled property tax pay-ing voters of the district, voting al anelection to be held for that purpose, shallvote such tax, not to exceed In any oneyear twenty cents on the one hundreddollars valuation of the property subjectto taxation in such district, but tne nuntstlon upon the amount of district taxherein authorised shall not apply to Incorporated cities or towns countitullngseparata and independent school districts

sec. x. mat me governor or tnis statsshall Istue bis proclsmation ordering anelet-tio- to be held on the second TuesdayIn August, A. D. at which time theforegoing amendment shall be submittedor adoption dv me quaun d electors ol

tnis state.Sec. S. That those voting for the adop

tion ot the amendment to section a shallhave wrUten or printed on their ballotsthe words lor amendment to sections,article 7, ol the constitution, school tax,"anu inone vounic against tne adoption oisaid amendment shall have written orprinted on their ' ballots the words"against amendment to section S, article7 of the constitution, school tax."

Another conference committee report was adopted and resolution passed, tlxing the state tax lor generalrevenue at 35c., instead of 33.c tobe submitted to a vote of the people,

By Mr. Stagner; A resolution thatthe committee on state affairs takeinto consideration, and report uponthe propriety of sending a commis-sioner from the state to the Southernindustrial exposition, which meets atLiouisville, Kentucky, August 1, 1884,Referred to said committee.

GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL.Mr. Upton asked that a committee

of conference be appointed on thisbilL Motion carried.DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL

The house resumed consideration ofthis bill as adopted by committee ofthe whole the dav previous.

Mr. Foster, of Limestone, offeredamendment to strike out in linetwenty-on- e, page three, the words, "tobe audited and paid by the comptroller the same as if not barred by theconstitution, and insert as follows"provided, that alt claims barred bythe statute of limitations, or whichwere not made out and presented inaccordance with law, shall be rejectedby the comptroller." Lost.

By Mr. Nash: Strike out the ap-propriations to Executive Clerks O.M. Roberts, jr., W. W. Searcy, W. M..amoy, j. v. Swindells and Jl. L,Spain.

By Mr. Patton: Substitute strikingout only those of Roberts and Spain.

The substitute of Mr. Patton wasadopted.

By Mr. Arniistead: Strike out$35,000 appropriation to pay teachersand inspectors of public free schoolsfor services rendered prior to July 1,1873, etc., and insert $15,000.

By Mr. Harrison: Strike out $35,-00- 0

The question was discussed byMessrs. Armistead, Harrison andothers.

Mr. Harrison argued that these oldclaims were fraudulent. Some of theschools were' never taught. In hiscounty school claims had been passedover again on account of the originalpayments not having been cancelled.He wanted to strike out the appropri-ation and pay no such claims in thisway. Let them be proved up andaudited.

Mr. Stout suggested that the lawrequired the claims to be proved be-fore being paid.

The question was further discussedby Messrs. Woods, McKinney, Upton,Stout and Armistead.

Mr. Labatt called attention to thefact that the law requiring the claimsto be filed in ninety days was neverpublished, so as to give proper noticeto the teachers.

Mr. Stout contended that previouslaws provided for proof of theclaims and that the subsequentlaw referred to had reference toprior laws as to the mode of proofnecessary.

The substitute was lost.Mr. Armistead argued that $15,000

was sufficient to pay such of theseclaims as were just, lie asked mem-bers what unpaid claims they knewof.

Mr. Smith, of Travis, said he knewof a claim of a widow teacher for$1350 which had not been paid.

Mr. Durant knew of some claims inhis county not paid, one for $172 duentmseif, and there were some dueothers.

Mr. McKinney thought the mem-bers could hardly know all who hadbeen paid. Besides the claims had tobe proved.

Mr. Upton stated that the comptroller estimated there were about $22,000oi uiese claims., The Armistead amendment wasadopted ayes 48, nays 30.

Mr. Robertson, of Williamson, of-ferer: amendment reviving the appro-priation rejected in committee of thewhole John K. Syle $541.40 for codify-ing statutes of 187U.

Mr. Robertson and Mr. Labattspoke in favor of Mr. Hill against theamendment.

Mr. Hill said he bad no feeling inthe matter, but the law, to his mind,was plain, and he approved the appro-tio- n

from a sense of duty.Mr. Cravens argued that the house

had Uie right to make the appropria-tion if it saw proper. It was quib-bling to deny payment to a party whohad performed the service faithfully.

Mr. Ftheridge said he proposed toconfine the claim, as all others againstthe state, to the letter of the contractwith the parties under the law.

Mr. Frymier and Mr. Upton spokein favor of the claim on general prin-ciples of right and justice for servicespeformed.

The vote resulted, ayes 43, noes 32,so the amendment was adopted.

By Mr. Foster, of Limestone:,Striking out the appropriations tosheriffs of Jack and Dupree for con-veying prisionere to Uie peniten-tiary; to Fleraiag for taking a convict to the penitentiary, andto W. E. Crosby for conveying BobAVhittaker, charged with murder, fromRed River to Wise county.

1 'ending consideration the ' houseadjourned till 3 p. m.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

Speaker Gibson and a quorum.The house resumed consideration

rf the deficiency appropriation bill,rending question beir-- t!"

amendment to strike out, proposedby Mr. Foster, of Limestone, noted inour report of the proceedings of themorning session.

l ne speaker appointed on the com-mittee of conference on the generalappropriation bill, Messrs. Won,1 r,nue hran. Ayere and Acker.

Mr. Foster s moUon, after consid-erable discussion, was defeated. Sothe appropriations in favor of thesheriffs of Jack and Franklin coun-ties for conveying prisoners, and Hen-ry Fleming for taking convicts to thepenitentiary, and W. E. Conly forfees due him for carrying Bob Whit--taxer, cnargea with murder, fromRed River to Wise county, remainunchanged.

Amendment by Mr. Rushing to payW. Fender 8500 for building a

school house in Kaufman county, andone by Mr. Armistead to pay $500 forclaims of the sheriff and districtclerk of Marion county, were defeated.

House adjourned till ii a. m. Saturday.

Continued on Third Page.

SGIKKTIFIC MATTERS.

Dobbie and Hutcheson have ex perl.niented upon bleaching by the aid of. .nl .u t- i'ii i .i l.-- - V. Y.v. v.j Lim. J Ul 111 LB JUIHJB till?stuff is first dipped into sea water andthen passed through hot rolls whichare connected w ith the poles of a gal-vanic battery. In order to decom posethe hypochloride which is thus form-ed, the cloth is drawn through dilutedacid and fully bleached.

A firm in Pans. France, have patented an invention for the instantane-ous formation of steam which permits for its use at once in the cylin-der of the engine. A pump sends therequired quantity of liquid betweentwo plate surfaces, which are heated,and between which there is only a capillary space. The liquid spreadingin a thin layer evaporates at once,without going into the spheroidal state, and this steam acts inthe cylinder as fresh formed steam.The speed of the pump is regulatedby the engine, the pump being con-nected with the shaft of the engine.

At. a meeting of the academy ofsciences at New York, experimentalresearcuea on me iormauon oi mepeculiar crater in the moon were com-municated by Mr. Bergeron. Hesends hot air though a brass tube intoa melted but gradully cooling massof Wood's alloy. The bubbling of theair forms a circular space, first like acircus ring and then like a crater.Soon, howev r, the mass becomespasty, and forms a cone in the mid-dle. Some slightly different effectswere had with other alloys, such as amore broken up aoearance on theside of the cone. An interruption ofthe current gave rise to the formationof two concentric craters.

According to Huggins. comets emita characteristic light which indicates,by spectral analysis, the presence ofcarbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, elements which are shown by the spectraof acetylene and cyandydric acid.Berthelot thinks that these resultspoint to an electric origin of the light.He has alio wn that acetylene is formed immediately and necessarily when-ever carbon and hydrogen come'underthe inlluenee of the electric arc.When nitrogen is added to acetylene-th- e

electric influence produces cyan-dydric acid. It seems scarcely possi-ble to conceive of a continuous com-bustion in cometary matter, but an.electric illumination may lie easilyunderstood.

Simple as such a thing may appearto be, it has, nevertheless, been foundvery difficult to determine the colorof pure water, or at least scientists-diffe- r

quite materially in their esti-mates. A special effort has re-cently been made by nerr Vic-tor Meyor to settle this question, andhe has found that it is a shade be-tween blue and green. Taking two-glas- s

tubes forty millimeters in di-

ameter and about one and live-tent-

meters in length, he connected them,by means of rubber tubing, forming atube atxiut seven and one-ha- lf meterslong. Both ends of this tube arefixed in glass plates and fitted withmetal sockets, which are providedwith brass nozzles for filling the tube..All being arranged, the tule is placed,in a perfectly horizontal position and.covered with a black cloth. Upon:looking through the empty tube, theiiciu ui viaiuii appeals uoiuries, as mrmetal sockets prevent the glass froiniexerting any influence. As soon,however, as the tube is filled with dis-tilled water an intense bluish geencolor is oliserved.

The Ostrich Farm.hu Alleles Herald, March 23

Twenty-tw- o ostriches arrived yes-terday from South Africa, by the

.L......L I,.. 11 ifuumeiu x ucuic rauroau, anu weretaken to their new home, about threein Up from Costa station, on a farm of640 ac es that was purchased for theirresidence. These rare and valuablebirds tire valued at $3000 apiece, anilthe whole band, occupying a baggagecar, was insured for $20,000 in the Ac-cident Insurance company for thebenefit of their owne... ;ii l not fortheir relatives, its is the manner ofother birx-ds- . This lot of birds, thefirst of their kind to settle n thincoast, stand six and a half feel highwithout boots, and attract gr at at-tention. While wailing over ut thedepot for the Anaheim tniiii. theyamused the spectator about tho caroy swallowing some large, oiangesthat were given them, without thetrouble of mastication. Their powersof deglutition were an astonishmentto those who saw them exercised.Dr. C.J. Sketchlev.of South Africa,had charge of the birds, and we hopehe will be successful in his efforts toraise them in our county.

The Reign of the Dudes.INew York Klar--

Mrs. Langtry is singularly unfor--.tun ate in the matter of chaperonesor vice versa. She was accompaniedto, the United States by her friend anddramatic teacher, Mrs. Laboucbere,and the course of their companion-ship ran smoothly enough until itsplit on the rock of Freddie's ob-trusive attentions. This professionalbeauty and mediocrectress Is said tohave avenged herself by Intimatingthat envy and green-eye- d jealousywere at the root of Mrs. Labouchere adissatisfaction. However, as soonas Cbaperone No. 1 took herdeparture, Chaperone No. 2 cameacross the ocean in the person of MissAgnes Langtry, reputed to be thesister-in-la- w of the Lily. Two weeksago Miss Agnes deserted her post ofduty, shook the soil of the UnitedStates from off her boots, and slippedaway to Canada under the protectionof a dazzling dude from Toronto. IfMrs. Langtry is familiar with theLatin tongue, Bhe may well exclaim,quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Shemust now cable promptly to Londonfor two new chaperones one for her-self and one for the fugitive Agnes.

It was Sir John T. W. Herschelwho advanced the following state-ment: For the benefit of those whodiacuss the subjects of population,war, pestilence, famine, etc., it maybe as well to mention that the num-ber of human beings living at the endof the hundredth generation, com-mencing from a single pair, doublingat each generation, (say in 30 years),and allowing for each man, womanand child and average space of 4 feetin height, and 1 foot square, wouldform a vertical column having forits base the whole surface of the earthand sea spread out Into a plane, andfor its height 3474 times the sun's dis-tance from the earth. The numberof human strata piled one on theother would amount to 4ijO,7UO,000- .-

000,000.

New Orleans, April 6. Confed-erate graves and monuments weren .ndsomely decorated to-d-ay by theAssociation of the Army of Tennes-see, assisted by a delegation of theAssociation of the Army of NorthernVirginia and Grand Army of the Re-public, and laid the corner-eton- e ofthe monument for the Army of Tenn-essee. Gen. Chaa. Hooker, of Missis-sippi, delivered an orationTho Association of theTennessee have their annr'and banquet at MaMonic

is a

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