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States of Matter

Chemistry

The Four States of Matter

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States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

Four States

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

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States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

Basis of Classification of the Four Types

Based upon particle arrangement

Based upon energy of particles

Based upon distance between particles

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States of Matter

SolidsParticles of solids are tightly packed,

vibrating about a fixed position.

Solids have a definite shape and a definite

volume.Crystalline solids molecules are arranged

in a geometric pattern (ex. Table salt)

Amorphous solids molecules do not have

a set pattern of arrangement (ex. Gels)

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States of Matter

Solids

Particle Movement Examples

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States of Matter

LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly packed,

but are far enough apart to slide over

one another.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and

a definite volume.

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States of Matter

Liquids

Particle Movement Examples

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States of Matter

GasesParticles of gases are very far apart

and move freely.

Gases have an indefinite shape and

an indefinite volume.

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Gases

Particle Movement Examples

States of Matter

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States of Matter

Plasma

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor ofelectricity and is affected by magnetic fields.

Plasma, like gases have an indefiniteshape and an indefinite volume.

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States of Matter

Plasma

ParticlesThe negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streamingthrough the positively charged ions (blue).

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States of Matter

Plasma

Examples

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States of Matter

Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volumebecause the particles are locked into place

Solids are not easily compressible because thereis little free space between particles

Solids do not flow easily because the particlescannot move/slide past one another

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States of Matter

Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids

Liquids have an indefinite shape because theparticles can slide past one another.

Liquids are not easily compressible and have adefinite volume because there is little free space

between particles.

Liquids flow easily because the particles canmove/slide past one another.

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Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinitevolume because the particles can move past oneanother.Gases are easily compressible because there is agreat deal of free space between particles.

Gases flow very easily because the particlesrandomly move past one another.Collisions between molecules and with the sidesof a container are elastic (energy is conserved)

States of Matter

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States of Matter

Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Plasmas

Plasmas have an indefinite shape and anindefinite volume because the particles can move

past one another.

Plasmas are easily compressible because there isa great deal of free space between particles.

Plasmas are good conductors of electricity andare affected by magnetic fields because they arecomposed of ions (negatively charged electronsand positively charged nuclei).

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States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

The Classification and Properties of MatterDepend Upon Microscopic Structure

Particle arrangement

Particle energy

Particle to particle distance