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States of India (Gnv64)

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Ser Gift You Ge You also Ge f Tota Vaue Yo Pay oOfes  e MeWhy of Offer Oy SaveSilver  2 Issues Encycopedia Bitannca Panet Eath � 639/- � 40/- � 399/Git Offe wor � 24 Woh Glden 24 ssus ncycopedia Bitannca Nate � 128/- � 449/- � 829/-Gf Offe wor � 4 Panet ah Woth < 7atinum ssues ncycopedia Bitannca dent � 914/- � 649/- � 126/Gf Offe � Libay Wod each wo

SU SU FFSSue No. of ota Vae ou ay Oy Yo Sae CooseDscou Ofes Isses of Offe Scemver  2 e � 240/ 99/ � 4/-Dint Ofe

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Platinum  36 Issues  � 720 /-  499 /- � 221 /-nt Oer 

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re a o_ L_'-_-L._-L1 Expy ae_eae eoe eqe /· o a or � aUg PaoFlim and a ths coupon to: Manoraa Tell Me Sbrpton vs M. blaon td., P8 No 226Kottayam, Kerala-686 001  Tel: 04812563721 Fax: 0481·26439, Emai [email protected] !' Jnl -e ion 10 w mnramnne ; 'P ad I /· as bk cags l ua t�eQues pya at �t. S & F SCIf gfts s t ay ,

f pp o p u� o R he wa amu w rcve h t t h "

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MM P P.B. No. 226 Kayam Pin - 001.Kerala, India el 048 -256372 2223Fax: ++9 4 25393Emal: [email protected]@mmp.n

NEW DELHI Malayala Manama C tdAndra Vanita Mandai Bidng 2 Azad BaanRad, ndrarasta state, Nw i 10002ne: 011 233778 23377, 2337720 

UBAI alayala anoama,A404 aathon nnoa A Win 4th Fof Ganpat ao Kadam a, Opp PeninsulaCopoate Pak Lwer Pael (West)Mumai4 013. Tel 022 2491693249523249033/ 24238

KOKATA alayala anoama,14 Paasa oad Nea ak aktKlta 7 02 033 248233 2418048a: 033   241848

PATNA aayala anoama608 Jaat Trade Cente Faza oadPatna 001 Tel 0612 -2233809

JAPUR alayaa anoama,C Rya sn Cnt Usa Paza 8uldngNa apu Tower, oad, Japu  302 001.Tel014 -236836, b94616 28972

HYDERABAD aayala noamaCia  D. B.C atu 2-629/1/B, oad No.2Banjara Hils ydabad 500 034.el 2331468 23324692

Fax 040 23322970 BANGALORE aayaa anoamaN 32 Kanta Cout 3rd aag RdBanao   560 027 Tel 22247735 36 

HENNAI alayaa anoama,2nd Fl' 74 Anna Sala, Cnnai600 2T 28542607 Cculatn-Diect, 2854260to (Boad Lne) Fax ++ 91-0-28542610252607 (ol )OIBATORE alayala anama0 Sunshin Buldin 056, Anash oad Ngri Maet Cmbatoe 641 018.l 224112245470 Fax 2245367

UKNOW alayaa anorama B-1657,ndira Nagar nw226 06e: 0522234576 

HANDIGARH aayala anorama, No. 824 Top Foo Sect 22B,Canda -60 022.Tel0172-272469 ob 0941730727

BHOPA alayala anoama t N.61Gopa Bhawan Zon .P. Naar Bopal.el. 0755 -2557937

THRUANANTHAPURAaayaa anoama P.B No 160amanr ast rvanantaram65 00

Tel 232898 Fax ++ -4712327886 OHNPB. No. 58 alayala anoama8dgs anamily Naga Cn 682 036 KeralaTe 236285 Fax++91-4 235745

• • V: • :

S Ihen a uted ndependet da

was bor it was ot without pains. Before the Brtsh let our great ountrywas divided nto a large nuber ofprovines any of the under the

rule of loa pres. he Halayantask ofjoiig al l the dverse regios ofInda to for a strong uted aton fe lupon Sardar Va l labha Patel who wasknown as the 'ro an of Ida Hewas asssted by V.P. Meno seretaryof the Mnstry of States. hers was n-deed a task rdde wth hallegesbeause deret provna kgdosreated dferetly to the appealhough ohi oed the union easly Hyderabad the Ida Ary had totakle the Nas ary before reevg a yes'.

Later the aton was divded to a

uber of states based on ther lan-guages. hrough all these brth pangsa great naton was beg bor ready toake ts presee fet n the oderworld and reate history his ssue ofel Me Why tel ls about our states.

The sketches of places given in tis issue are not dawn

to scae, and not maps drawn according to cartogapcnorms. Te bondares ae not to scae and may not eaccurate.

ROM THE HOE O MAGC OT MANORAMA YEAR BK AN THA THE EEK AND THE MAAYAA MANORAMA DAY 

Fo 5�bsUpOn equires: Please ca our tofee nme - 180042 002ewee o o workng days)To SCrIe o e Me Wh onne, ogo o  

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Why do we say that Indi ais a un io n of states?

You know that ndia is aunon of twentyeght statesand seven union teitoresbut do you know why andwhen they were fomed? Ind ia won ndependence fomthe Brtsh on August 5 947 and the Brtish systemof provinces and princeystates was abo shed in 1 956New states wee then createdon the bass of ethn c ty and

language.Snce some of the states

that were fomed in 1 956 weevery bg they were sp lit i ntosma ler states late. BombayState was dvided into thestates of Gujaat and Mahar-

ashtra n 960 In 1 962 theformer Pouguese and Fenchcolones were ncorporatednto the Indan Republic asthe Un ion Tetores of Pon-dcherry Dadra and NagaHave, and Daman and Du

Nagaland became a state n1 963 whie Punjab was spitup and the new Hndi speak

Tell Me Why

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ing state of Haryana wasfomed n 966.

he yea 97 saw HimachaPadesh ecome a state whi eManp Meghalaya andrpa ecame states the nextyear he ingdom of ikkimjoined the India Union n 1975while Anachal Pradesh andMzoam ecame states n 987 foowed y oa.

he yea 2000 saw the creation of thee new states Chattsgah Uttarancha and

Jhakhand

Oh, ou aefom United States of

Ameca? I am fomUnted States of

Inda!

States f India

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Wy is a-y Aaas ia?

ndhra Pradesh islocated n outh Inda, ounded yamil Nadu n thesouth, Maharashtra nthe north and northwest, MadhyaPradesh and Orissa inthe northeast, arna-taka in the west, andy the ay of engalin the east It s situated on the Deccan plateau, and s one of the

an agtaton in 953,eleven dstrcts of theMadras state wee takento form a new Andhrastate wth urnool as itscaptal. Nne distrctsunder the Nzam were

later added to form theenlarged state of And-hra Pradesh n 956.

tates India

Vkpm epo

oldest geologcal formations of thecountry. he odavar and rshnarivers cut through the state, formnglarge deltas efore join ing the ay ofengal.

he state can e d ivded i nto threeimportant regons ased on its geography the coastal region, the n-teror reg ion, known as Rayalseema,

and the elengana regon, and nneadoinng distrcts. Andhra Pradeshhas a wde varety of wildlife andhas natural eauty he state s hometo India's la rgest tger reserve, n theNa llamala forest.

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H/s aHich man woking

n HITECH ciy!

Wy s Kucpud cnsddAnda ads's f wld?

uchpud s a classical danceform from Andhra Pradesh. t isknown for its g racefu l movementsstrong narrative and dramaticcharacter. he credt for the exstng dance form of uchpud goesto iddhendra Yogi he style s alend offolk and classica dance.

uchipud dance drama has aperfect lend of rhythm mime andpure dance. hs art form has somevery comp icated tems of origna lfootwork such as tracng out anoutne ofa lon or an elephant withthe feet on the foor or dancng

wth the feet on the edges of a c ircular rass tray or with a water pot

HE HIEC sands f Hyda

bad Infan cnly Ennn Cnsulancy Cy. I s las n-fan cnly pakn nda, and s wld

class, safa I nfasucu und nf. s spad v 1 51

delicately and precariousyalanced on the head.

uch pudi flourished as a

dramatc form of dance forKcp

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HITE

aces land in te sububs Hydeabad. is tecnl-y twnsi as made Hy-deabad and Andaades ne te mst im

ant centes te in-matin tecnly in-dusty in te wld.

hdreds o years t was held ih igh esteem y the rlers o theDecca ad is today cosid-ered to e Adhra Pradeshs gitto the wo arts.

Wow! Ths Guinnssbook s ddicad o

Andha Padsh

Wy is Anda ades

called te state uinnessecds?dhra Pradesh has wo

iess records i may iedsIt has dias largest ad Asiassecod largest road cm raiwayridge at Rajahmdry ad thestate owed Road rasport

Corporatio is the argest soperator i the world I ciemait holds the record or the argestilm prodctio acility i theword while Dr rahmaadamholds the record or actig i themost mer oelg ms i

the role o a comedia.D. Ramaaid is isted as themost prolic prodcer whie2800 chipdi dacers perormed chipdi to create a-otheriess record Recetya hge 7g 'Iadd prepared

or the recet aesh estiva i Adhra Pradesh also eteredthe iess word records

9

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Wy is Aacal

as call a f Hialayaais?

rnachal Padeshmeans land of thedawnlt montansn anskrt. Mch ofArnachal Padesh iscoveed y the Hmalayas Howeve partsof Loht Chang langand rap are coveredy the Patka hlls.angto Nyegi angsang the man

aptal Iaaa

Dstrcts 1 6fical Langage Elistate d a Hbil ltate Anmal ayal (Mi)tate Flower Fxai l Oci

oichen peak and the Eastern ochen

peak are some of the hghest peaks inths egon of the H malayasAt the lowest elevatons yo wi ll fnd

semevergreen forests Mch of thestate conssts of Eastern Himalayanoadleafforests. owards the northernorderwth Ch ina wth increasng elevaton comes a mixtre of Eastern andNortheasten Himalayan salpneconfer forests followed y EasternHi malayan al pne sh and meadowsina l ly thee i s jst rock and ce on thehighest peaks.

ucl Pes

Te cpe

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Ig pl fucl Pe

y s sy

aa as sa ys a s?

he histoy o ArnachaPradesh is rich i n myths and leg-ends. he and is mentioned in theliteratre o Kalika Prana andMahaharata. his pace is the

Prah Montains o Pranas Itwas herethatthesage Parash ramatoned or h i s sins and the sageVyasa meditated. his was theand where King hi smaka ond-ed h is kingdom and Lord Krishnamarried h is consort Rkmini

he recorded history o Arnacha Pradesh is avaiale onyrom the sixteenth centry on-wards. Its m with the imposition o the ritishre in Assam in

Twg M e ucl Pe

constittionaly a pat o As-

sam . he Mini stry o ExternaAairs administered it nti965, and sseqently theMinisty o Home Aairsth rogh the overnor o As-sam In 972, it was constitted as a Union erritory,

and renamed ArnachalPradesh . On 20 Feray in987, i t ecame the 24 stateothe ndian U nion

Sag Vyasamdiad h.

826 eore 962,Arnacha l was pop

larly cal led the.;���'J!North Eastern F :tier Agency and was

tates f India 1

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Wy s l f Aa I s iq?runachal Pradesh has a

grea culural ackground ands peope ceerae nu merousfesvas round he year o-geher wih hei r own se of rua ls musc and dance he saehas 20 major ries and nu mer-ous sures vng n he v-lages across he sae Dferen

ra g roups have hei r own seof elefs and noons aouheir reigon he people ofArunachal Pradesh form hreecuura g rou ps and each g rouppracces s own region hepeope of he frs group are

usualy ud dh iss while peopleof he second group pracceDonyi Poloism or worshp of

2

he un and Moon ods Chrisian iy and H ndusm he h irdgrou p pracces Chrsianiyand Hind usm

he peope of Arunachalmake eauiful masks and periodica y sage panomimes andmasked dances. hey specia izen carving semirel ig ious moifson wood and make exquisiecarpes paned wooden ves-

sels and s ver arcles hey areexper workers n cane andamoo and weave ariclesha hey commonly use n herdaly lves ke shawls jackesshouder ags and coas pecfic res have cras excus ve

o her area of experse Sue f u Twg

ucl Pes

Te Me Why

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Hw is Assa i-

vi aial-ly?

ssam s ocated atthe gateway of North-east Inda It s srro nded y states l keArnachal Pradesh n

the North, Nagalandn the east, Mzoramand rpra n thesoth, and West enga l n the west Assamcan e roadly dvded nto three dstnct

physcal nts, therahmaptra Val ley nthe north, the arakValey n the narrowprotrdng soth, andthe states h l ly regonseparatng the twovalleys Assam hasstnn ng scenc grander, wth densetracts of tropcal for

tates of ndia

apta Disu

strcts 27pl Languages: Assaese, odo, KariState rd : Whitewined Wood DuckState Anmal : Onehoned RhinState Flower Foxtai Ochid

Re mpu

ests, nterspersed wth emerald patchwork qlts o paddy, and lsh tea gar-dens enrched y the flow of the rah-maptra Rver he a lva plans of theAssam val ey enjoy an andance of natral rches he state s the largest prodcer o tmer and tea n the contry,and t has the odest o l refnery n I nda.d yo know that Assam s the only regon n the world that has ts own varetyof tea, cal led amel la Assamca?

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W wasAssa f?

he ancient and of Assam

AssaTa

A s s a mas a tea naed after it tamllia Assamica is ta isknown fo a fullbodied flavouand stron brit colour etea laves oriinate fobuses in t Assam Vally inIndia, were te ramautra

river flows e river as d-osited a ic oam over tevalley, ad te aea exeienc-es bot ot monsoon seasonsand cool, dry wintes, wicar idal conditios for te As-sa tea bus Assam tea is veyoula s a brakfast ta

was known as amaaoPragyotish in the eics he early h istory o As-sam s e ieved to e of the Vaman dynasty.he reign of th s dynasty extended om 400 AD to

the 13 centry. y the 5 centry the kngdoms ofAhom and och wee estal shed. n the late at o the8 centy the Ahom ngdom was weakened de to n-ternal stife he mese sezed owe which omtedthe it ish to intervene he rtsh sded the mese andset ot to ogane the admini stration as well as to mrovetransot and commn caton

Ate Indan Indeendence Assam wtnessed several seaa-tons of teitores Arnachal Padesh Nagaland Megha laya andMoam wee al carved ot ofAssam and ecame seaate statesove the years

14 Te Me Why

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BiThe Bihus are the na-

tional festivals of Assa,and there are three suchfestivals Each Bihu coin-cides with a distinctivephase in the faring calendar. The Bohaag Bihuarks the New Year atthe advent of seedingtie, the Kaati Bihu

arks the copletion ofthe sowing and trans-planting of paddies, andthe Maagh Bihu arksthe end of the harvestingperiod. A Assaesepeople, irrespective ofcaste, creed, religion,

faith and belief, celebratethe  Bihu  festivals with 

great fun and joy.

tates f ndia

Wy is Assa said to e ric inltre?

ssam s the meetg grod ofderet cltres. he state has alarge mer of tries eachiqe i its tradto cltredress ad exotc way of l f. romtime immemoral the people ofAssam have tradtoally eecrasme. Artsts sclptors masos weavers spers potters

goldsmths ad workers of vorywood amoo cae ad hidehave florshed Assam from aciettmes Weavg i sa tradtoalcrat that every Assamese womatakes prde i. he Assamesewome prodce slk ad cotto

cloth of exqiste desigs therlooms. Assam is reowed for tsexqste slks cldig the worldfamos Mga s lk.

o sm p Assamese c ltre is arich led of eth ic practices adacet e liefs

I hav no moh o giv you foyou onamns!

5

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MbTemple

aptal Patna

Dstrcts 37Prcipal Laguages Hindi, UrduState id Indian RollerState Amal GaurState Flower Wite Orcidtree

Wy w ay a B ia a a aiiiy?

iha has see the i th of acet civlzatiosad moder da histoy. Hdu uddhistJa i Musm ad S kh shies aoud this acet lad where d as frst maor emp re osead fel iha is the l ad of ot oly geat rei

gious preaches t also of mighty emperorsad va lat waiors Aciet ihar was kow asMagadha ad was the cetre of powe ea rgad culture I dia fo 000 yeas Idias fstempe the Mauya Emp re as we l as oe ofthe wods great relgios uddhism aosei what s ow har Oe of the frst kow

repuics the wold Lcchavi existed the egio. he classica l Gupta dyasty ofha was kow to have ee apeiod of great culture adlear g ad is i fact cal ledthe Golde Age of Idia

Duig the medieva perodexcept for the ref period ofSher Shah s reig the poviceof ihar ever ejoyed the status of a idepedet state

Te Me Why

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How ca w dscri tgogray of Bia r?

iha r is located in the easternpart of the contry. It ies mid-way etween West enga inthe east and Uttar Pradesh inthe west. It is onded y Nepain the noth and y J harkhandin the soth he ihar pain isdivided into two neqal

Ppl f

In 652 the ritish startedsiness from Patna andsoon they took over ihar. heritish rled ihar from 1765to 947.

When ndia ecame inde-pendentiharecameastate

nder the Union of ndia n2000, the state of Jhakhandwas carved ot of ihar.

tates of India

ha lves y the riveranga whichfows throgh the midd e fromWest to East.

ihar is mainly a vast stretchof very ferti e flat and . It can egroped into three regionshey are the northern mon-tainos region the Indo-angetic Pain and the othern Plain. Many rivers like theanga osi amla rhi an-

dak ay and others fowthrogh the state he apaarHis Mandargiri His are someof the montains in the state.

You know,onc Biha had aGoldn Ag

7

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Rus fe ce fVsl

Wy a r fstivals in Biar a rflction of t cltr an d traditions oft popl?

har is seeped n h soy and has arch rad on of fesva ls he mos fa-mos fesival is Chhah Pa whch sceeraed wce a year. amaChakeva

s anoher fesival celeraed in ha

Maata Gand StT Maata Gandi St

(bridg) ovr t rivr Ganga inPatna is India's longst rivrbridg. T bridg spans ovr

5.575 k fro Hajipur at tno nd to Patna at t soutnd. Bfor t bridg was con-structd popl wo wantd togo to t nort of Biar ad tocross t rivr using boats orsall sips stars or tak alongr rai rout. T bridg was

inagratd in May 1982 by ttn Pri Ministr Mrs. IndiraGandi.

especialy in Mihi a. Na-vaahi is a en day fesval whee he peopeof ihar worshp oddess Dga fo ninedays. On he enh dayhe idol of he goddesss aken o he rve an dcas no . Maker ank-rani maks he end ofwine and he egin

ning ofhe smmer sea-son Mahav ayanwhch i s celeraed wihgea pomp and DeoDiwali whch maks hefnal lieraon of LordMahava ae mpoan

Jan fesvals n ha.Ramnavam Nagpancham hla are someof he oher fesvalsceleaed n iha

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Capal : Raipr

Dscs : 8Prcpal Laguag Hindi Chhattisgarhiae Bd : Hill Mynaae Anma : Wild Balo

Why is Chha ttisgarh a nw statwith an a ncint history?

n ancen mes, Chhasgahwas caled Dakshn osaa Accodng o myhology, Ram sayed nDaksh n osaa d ng h s exe. ae, Chhasgah emaned pa ofevey em pe ha led he cony,gh fom he days of he geaMagadha Empe. he Engsh ec

ognzed he mneal wealh of heland, and esa shed a vas newoko mnes and away ack h ogho he aea hs maked he egn-nng o a new phase n he egons

ko Wefllssg

Don' wasany soi A l l h minals

a o b sh ippd oLondon!

hsoy. n ecen mes, he sae of .I'» I·-�'Chhasgah has een caved o

of Mad hya Padesh o ecome he26 sae of he ndan Unon onNoveme 2000.

tates India 9

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Vek S

Wy is attisga cal a laof opp ot ity'?

hhaisgah has ee caed a ladof oppo iy ecase he sae hasim mese mi ea l ad fores resoces. saia l deposis of imesoe,iroore, coppeoe, rock phosphae,magaeseore, axie, coal, asesos a d m ica exis i he ewy fomed

sae. While he avai ai l iy of coa hasheped he sae o ecome a majopodce of power, a adace ofi roore deposis have he ped he se-ig p of a large mer of iro a dseel i d sies. Aohe ig sorce oficome for he sae is fores eve e,

fo2%

of Id ias foess ae i Chhaisgah . Agiclral ly, i is a vey fei learea. he soi ad climae here aesiae for rice, which is grow heei arge qaiies. Chhaisgah sp-plies food grai o almos 600 ricemi ls. Did yo kow ha Chhaisgahis he r iches sae i ems of m ieralwealh? weyEigh varieies of mao mi eals icld ig diamods, a efod hee.

20

Wy o w say tatattisga as acolorfl clt?

hhaisgah oassof a cra heiagerich wih vira daces, melodios msic,magifice as adcas, ad coorflfais ad fesivas. hemaoriy of he saes

poplaio eog orial commiies.he rial people loveo ado hemselveswih oames madefom cowries, eads,shels, oes ad

feahes. Apar fromhe ials, may people of Chhaisgarh ac-aly eog o heeigho ig saes

Chhaisgah is doedy a eservoir of

ale. ice ages,dace ad perfomigars have ee pac-iced here. While RaNacha is he fok dace

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Museum sg

of cowherds Panthi arma andoowa dance foms ae popla a l l

ove the state. Msic foms a n nseparae part of the states cl-te. he rich tradtional fok songsthat are famos nc lde soha -hav and pathoni. he ats andcrats of Chhattisgarh are trlyamazing Wood carvings amoo

work and fntre ell metalhandicrats figres of terracottatral jewely paintings and clay

peces are some ofthespecialtes from thestate.

Puku Mukg Museum sg

Ctrakot FallsThe Chitrakot Fallsis a waterfall locatedn the Bastar districtof Chhattisgarhon the Indravati River.It is about 29 metresigh. The breadthvaries as the waterleve n the river goesdown during summer.Most of the area thatsurround the falls is

forest.

Wow,wha a coloufu l

bufly!

2

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G Puguese Vll

How cln wt describe Goa's geog-raphy?

a s cated n te westen castf Ind ia n te Knkan casta bet Testate s separated fm Maaastraby te Teekl ver in te nt Kar-nataka in te st te Westen Gatsn te east and te Araban Sea in te

West Ga as a egin can be dvdednt fdvs ns Tey aete EastenHill regn cmprisng aeas n teWestern Gats te entral Vaey

aThe city of Morgao in

Goa state is sitated on thewest coast of ndia. Morgao Harbor is very pictrese, and is one of theregion's ost ipressivenatral ports The Po ofMorgao was an iportant trading centre for theBritish t was also the capital of the Portgese Epire in ndia.

24

Lands te Fld lanscmprising te castalpans and rl ling pands

and te asta la ns Te Sayadi angesae spread ve an a rea fabt 600 sq km. wt anaveage eevatn f 800metes Te ental regn f Ga as plateasangng between ati-tdes f 30 m t 00 mTe rves f Mandv an dZari dran t e majr prtins f te pains Gascastl ine is a scenc cmbinatn f bays andeadlands bken by

large estaies f teMandvi and Za verscped wt mnrstreams

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pit : Gandhinagaristricts : 26Principl ngg : GujaratiStt Bi rd : Gratr FlaingoStt Anim : Asiatic LionStt lwr : Marigold

W G ?

istry f Grt gsbck t t Inds Vl y civil iz-

tin. rvid in tribs wrt rigin l in bitnts f trgin. Grt sw n Aryninvsin fllwd by brifprid f Grk r. Ltrtr ws sccssin f H indkingdms inclding t r f

t Gpts. is r ndd int rign ft Snkis cntry witnssd t mrgnc f t Ms ims in t p

tates India

Sbm m

litic rn f t stt.

r f t Mg ls lstd frtw cntris bfr t Mr-ts ndd it in t 8 cntry.

Britis cm t Grt in 803 Atr indpndnc Grt ws inc ldd n

dr t d Bmby stt.Bm bywsfi nl lydividd inttw sprt stts G rtnd Mrstr.

25

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Gujaatat F

MvtGujaat play a lea

ig ole i Iia's stug-

gle of Iepeece Itwas the bihplace fay feo fighteslike th legeay Ma-hatma Gahi, SaaVallabhbhai Patel, aothes Se of theost popula evolts

agaist Bitish ue, iketheSaltSatyagaha,alsooigiate i Gujaat.

Wat w kw abut t gg-aphy f Guja at?

arat is sitated n te west castf Ind ia. e state is bnd by te Aa-bian ea n te west Pakistan and aastan in te nrt and nrteastMadya Pades in te steast andMaarastra in te st. t as a vey

lng cast ine extending t mretan1290 kms Gjarat is made p f teegegrapical egins. Te peninstaditinally knwn as aastra

essentially a iy tact spinked witw mntain s Ktc n te nrteast is baren and cky and incdes

te fams an n Desert Te tid regin extends fm te an n f Ktcand te Aravali ils t te veDamanganga. lt is n te wle a evelplan f a via si l e frest cver i n

V

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M, meb

Gaat is eatively ttle witly 96 % aea cveed wit est. Hweve it still spptsme ta 40 species aimasicdig te ae Asiatic wild ass ad backbck Te

ives te state aemsty seasal

Wadvopng ou conomywh an Agriculural In-

duriaRvouon!

Why is Gjaratsg rowth iprssiv?steams ad teigest pt iGaat is ite GiaHi l s .

aat s e te mst pspes states dia wig t its agi

cltal pdctivity ad idstial devepmet Te state eads te cty i vais

idstial sects amey texties atmbies

egieeig cem ical s petcemicals dgs adpamaceticals daiy cemet ceamcs gems adeweley Ma agicltal pdcts iclde ctt

gdts dates sga cae milk ad mik pdctsTe wds lagest gass t eey s te i eey i

a maga Te wds agest si p beakig yad i s i Gaatad Ga at is te ly state dia t ave a statewide gas

g d 2200kms. Gaat aks ist i te at i gas basedtemal eectcty geeati. Dig te past ew yeas m

994 t 20 1 Gaats as ad a aveage gwt ate 1 2.4 %pe am wic is a vey mpessive gwt ate ideed

tates ndia 27

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Wy ws rt al to o i stril powr?

jaat as ic nata esces a vast esev sk led man-pwe and ne te mst deve-

ped ndstial inastctes inte cnty. Its ank amng testates as stead y sen m 8 n960, and it is nw vying tetp slt

Fm ts tadtina textie baseGjaat as dvesed nt ieds

lke cemicals petcemicalsengineeing pamaceticalsdyes dye intemedates dpcessng agbased ndsties

r Bi i

Gjarat is faous for itsgarba ac, ad badiiwork. Garba is a popularfolk dac tat is associatwit Lord KrisaBadi i is a acit atat ivolvs tyig addyig pics of cotto or

silk, wit atral colours

Gb Dce

28

meb

da y edible il s an d a st te sects Te pl ic iespsed by te state aveeslted n inceasing em-plyment pptnitiespmting entepenesbenging t weake sec-tns and as n impvingte expt pemance te state Te state as been

able t attact sbstantalw investment t te in -dstial sect ding astcpe decades.

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Wy s Ha yaa

a a q placi I a sty?

ayana as been acradle f ndan cltre and civi zatin. Itwas ere 5000 ngyeas ag tat Lrd

Wlcom oh cad of was

Soy cadl ofIndian civil izaion

aita : Cadigah

stricts : 20Princal Langage : HidiState Bd : Black FacoliState Anma : BlackuckState Flwer : Lotus

Kisna reaced te gsel f dty t

Arna e regn as been te scene fmany a war becase f ts being a gateway t Nt Ind ia.

As years r led by sccessive streamsf te ns te ks and te g laqsinvaded Inda and decisve battles weefgt n ts land At te end f te 4

centry im r ed an army tg tisaea t Del i Later te Mgal sdefeatedte Ld i s n te istic battle f anat in te year 526wads te m idd lef te 8 centry te Maratas ad estabsed tei sway ver Haryana eaea was ceded t te Bits n 80. In 82 t was tansferred t te ten

Fm f H

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Mu Mufcug Pl Gug

NrtWestern Prvices and i 858,ayaa became a part f Pab, re-

ma in ig as sc afer te partitin f ndia i 947.Te demand fr Hayaa as a sepa rate

state, wever, was raised even befredias idepedence i 947, and ay-aa became Id ias 7 state st N-vember 966. Haryana was carved t fte msty Hidispeaking easter pr-tin f P ab, wie te mstly Pnab ispeakig western prti remained ascrret day Pnab. Te city f and igar, was made a n in territy t serveas capital f bt tese states.

Te Tll Ge Nl Hgw

Gug Te lges s

Wat ar tigligts Har-yaas ggrapy?

aryaa is smallstate, bded byUttar Prades it e east, Pa b i t e west, i maca Prades in tert, ad aas-

ta i te stMst f aryaa isin te pais, witte Araval i mtai rae startingits westward rey frm ere. Inadditin t teSivalik i ls, tedry irregar Arav-a i i s ad teGaggar YamaPlai, parts f ary

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a of BattlsHaryana has ben th st-

ting for any grat battsbeginning with the epicbattle of th Mahabhar-atha. Th rgion has witnsse ajor decisiv

battls like the threeBattls of Panipat

that changed thehistory of In

dia. .l!

ana ae made p a semdeset sady pa n tat bdesajastan.

e Yamna s te ny mave tat passes tg tissma l state wic s e f tegeeest in te cnty. Teancent ive Saaswati wastgt t ave ws tg

Muscp Illus f ele f Kuukse

Ha yana bt t as nw disappeaed Te ve Gagga s tsmain seasa ve t ses p tete Hma ayas betwee

te Yamna ad te Stej andt en entes ayaa

Re Ymu

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apital Shila

strcts 2Princpal angages Hindi, PahariState Brd : Western TragopanState Anmal Snow LeopardState Fwer Bell Rhododendron

Why is Hiahal Prashs

history said to e steped iatiqity?

macal Prades as beeninabted by man beingssnce te dawn f civiatn.Abt 2 mllin years ag teftills f imacal Prades

were na bted by peple frmte nds valey civiatnwc flrised between 225and 1 750 B Te peple f teInds valey civiatn psedt te rginal inabitantsw came and setted in wat is

nw imaca PradesRsp Nwsulg Sml

Accrding t te Maabar

ata te present day state wasmade p f nmber f smal re-pblcs ater te regn camender te rle fte Gpta Empi re and aer ts cl la pse teMga ls rled ere n fact teciefs f te regin and te

Mgal rers ad made smejnt settlements. anjit Singcnqered sme parts f tearea drng te nineteentcentry. Te Grkas were npwer fr a w il e ntil t e B ritis sbjgated te Grka

trbe and cnqered smeparts f te regn Aer ndependence imaca Pradescame int beng as a Un in er

rtry wen mre tan30 princey states werentegrated in 1 948. Latern 1 966, te ly areas f

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r

una were meredwth the state, increasn its size Himachalrades ecame the1 8 state of ndia on25th Januay, 1 97 1

I hav a5000 yaod knif!

Wy is t gogpy o HiclPs vy intsting?

he state of Hi mach

al radesh has ound-ares wt Jammu andKashmr n the Noth,Uttar radesh in theSoutheast, China nthe east, Haryana nthe south, and unan the west The eorahy of Hmachalrades is very nterestn as the state s

tates India

Dl Lke Hmcl Pecomosed a most entirely of mountainsthat rane from 350 metres to 6,975 metres aove sea leve t is a art of the ndian imaayas, and has wde vaeys,imosin snow caed mountans , md aes, rivers, and ushn streams

The state can e dvided into treezones They are the outer Hma ayas orte Shvais, the nner or te middeHmaayas, and the reater Hma layas orthe Aines More than half of te state sunder thck foest cover There are around1 200 secies of bi rds and 359 seces of

an ima ls n H imacha radesh Tere areseveral maor rvers runnin th rouh thestate, nc ludn the eas Rver, wch flowsthrouh the Kullu Valey, the CenaRiver in ahaul, and the Siti Rver, whichons the S ute Rver n Knnaur

Wy is S i l popl toist s

tintion?hmla, thecatal ofHmacha radeshs a eautiful hll station It derves tsname from 'Goddess Shyama', who issuosed to e an avatar of Goddess

Sml Cpl /Hmcl Pe

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Te KlkSml Rlw

Kal i Shi ml a was the summer caital ofnd a u nder the rtish rue and s todaya ouar tourst destination for vsitorsfrom other states and aroad

Sh imla is referred to as 'the q ueen ofthe h i l ls t s draed in forests of nerhododendron and oa and is sur

roun ded y snow caed eas. Wth inthe town are a host of slendid coonialedifces q uant cottaes and charmnwas Amon the attractons are thestatey Vcerea ode charm in i ronlam osts and AnloSaxon namesThe Ma l aced with shos and eateres is the centre of attraction of thetown and Scanda ont offers a view ofdstant snow cad eas The snowfaldurin the wnters attracts many tour

K'lka lwayThe KalkaShila

Railway was bilt toconne Shila theser capital of

India dring the pe-riod of the BritishRaj with the Indianrailway syste The9654 kiloetre linebilt on a 2 feet sixinches gage was

opened for traffic onNoveber 9 1903.Spectaclar sceneryalong the wholerote and the arvels of its constrc-tion keeps the trav-eller on this line spell

bond It rnsthrogh 1 02 tnnelsand has 864 bridges

ists and Shmla thenecomes home to wintersorts and an ice

satin carniva Nowdont you feel l e visitin Shmla too?

el l Me Why

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Catal Srinagar (Summer), Ja (Winter)

istrcts : 22Pricipal Lagags: Urd Kashmiri DogriState rd Blacknckd CranState Animal Kashmir stagState Fowe : Lots

Hw was a a Kasi?

n te stoy of Jammu andKasm the Mauya dynastytoo control of the reionaound the 3 Kn Asoa

uled te land for a consdera eeod of time and uddsmwas widey ractced. uinthe time of the Muhals Islamwas wde ly racticed and Aahad a ston nfluence n the re-ion for many yeas

ate te contro of te Kasmrvaley was assed tote conquer-n S amies Gua Sn wasmade te Raja of Jammu n 1820.

States of India

Dl ke Sg

In 846, Jammu and Kashmcame into exstence as a un itedstate. Ate ndeendence Maaaja Hai Sinh the uler of

Jammu and Kashm was venthe feedom to ot to ecome aart of eter India or aistanIn Octoe 947 the asthunsfom astan invaded theKasm valey and te Rajasout assistance from I nd ia nreturn for Indias he te Rajasined te I nstrument of Acces-sion man Jammu and Kasmi a at of l nda

35

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Tlip rkh Indir Gndhi Tlip Prk inSringr is thlrgst of itskind in Asi. Thtlips covr nr of ovr 1 2crs nd thgrdn rinsin fll loo for onth Rowpon row of tlip ds 50 trs long nd 2.5

wid strtchfr into th horizon in yllow nd rd tulips r followdy loos in llcolours iginl vn lck!

Itistrlyrth tkingsight

Wht do w know ot J ndKshir?

au and Kashir is the northenoststate of the nd ian unon t is ounded yAfhan istan aistan and China . The statecan e divded nto three reons Jauthe Kash ir Val ey and adah. t has two

caitals Jau the wnter caita andinaar the suer caitaJau and Kashr s faous fo ts nat-

ural eauty and has een desced as'heaven on earth Touis s a vey ortant industry here and soe aor attrac-

Is it wnto summ ? Iwant to go to

Kashm

tions are Gularaha a eh atnto and adah.The cty ofJau snown as the city ofteles while rnaa is faous forits l aes and house-oats and Kashr

s nown for tsanfcent scen=ey. n fact the - '

el Me Why

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Pc

Kashmir Valey is surrounded y some of theh est mou ntan ranesn the world. hetwo mostimortant ilrmaecenters are the AmarnathCaves and the Vaishn-odev Srne.

Arculture s the mostmortant occuaton ofthe eole here Eventhose enaed in otherndustries deend on a-rculture for raw materal

Most of the eole folowIslam H ndu ism and uddhsm.

>tates o ndia

Kgl

Wat are te geograpical fea-tres of Ja a nd Kasi r?

e state of Jammu and Kashmi r smanly h y and mountainous withvaeys and stretches of lains. hearea i s ful l of natural eauty wth thcforests fast flowin rvers and wind

n streams. he man rvers are Jheum Neelum and oonch he statecan e divided nto four major reions.hey are the sumountanous andsemimountainous ain nown asandi or dry elt the Sh val i ranesthe h mountanous zone and themddle run ofthe Indus Rver.

In Jammu the fora ranes from thethorny uses tye of the ar id ainto the temerate and a lne flora ofthe hiher alttudes. Kashm r is alsoreslendent wth forests. he mostmanfcent of the Kashmr trees isthe ch inar he mountai n ranes n

the valey have dense deodar ineand fr. he hhest eevatons haveno veetation just snow and ce.

37

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ata : Ranchi

strcts : 22Prncal anuae : HindiState rd : Asian KoelState Anma : Indian ElehantState Flower Parrot Tree

Wy was aa

as a sa a sa?he state of Jharkhand exsted, an d was d stnct n ts den-tty from ancent tmes . Raja Ja nh eo of Orssa was acceted as the ruerof Jharkhandy ts eole n the 1 3 century

The local tral heads had deveoed nto ararc dctators,and so, the eole of th s statearoached the more owerfu lru lers of the nehourn stateho n to e ruled more justlyThs ecame the turnn ontn the h story of the reon.

urn the Muha erod,the Jharkhand area was known

as Kukara Aer the year 1765, t

came under the contro of thertsh Em re, and ecame formally known under ts resentttle, 'Jharkhand' the land ofjunes and jhars or ushes

Tg Rlw S

Ba Sl laThe Bokaro Steel Plant in

Jharkhand, is the argeststee ill in Asia. It is art ofBokaro Stee City, one of theost iortant industria

cities in ndia. The city is welllanned, and faous for itsexcellent education syste.

Tel l Me Why

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owever, the advass ofJharhand ean whatwould ecome a seres ofreeated revolts aanst

rtsh colonal ru le WhenInda ecame ndeendent, Jharhand was a artof ha r

he Jharhand MutMorcha started a movement for a searate state,

whch cauht the nterestof a are secton of theeoe of ths area, andeventua l y emered nto aoltcal ataton In Au

l me b

ust 2000, the arlamentof Inda assed the harReoranzaton ll, whchcarved 1 8 d strcts out ofhar to form Jharhand

state On 1 5 Novemer2000, Jharhand ecamethe 28 state of Inda

tates of Ida

Wy s aka a Ta ss?

lmostone thrd of Jh arhand scovered y forests. Most of the

forests of Jharhand were rvately owned unt the zamndarsystem was aolshed under thehar and Reforms Act, 950.These everreen forests aoundwth wldl fe sanctuares, laes, andwaterfa lls. They are also a source of

many forest roducts that are ofreat economc va lue to the state.Jharhand s aso lessed wthnatura resources such as coer,coal, ron, mananese, mca, chromte, and auxte AlthouhJharhand s endowed wth vast

and rch natural resources, ma n lymneras and forests, 80 er centof ts ou laton deends man lyon arculture and alled actvtesfor a l vn

Com with mr am goi ng to my

own jungl!

39

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S Fls Rc

The Ganes, the amodar,the Mayuaksh, the araka,the Koel, the Sankh, theSone, the Aurana, theKhaka, the Swarnarekha,

the Gum an and the ataneare the rves that nourshthis land Most of theJhakhand reon s art ofthe Chota Nau lateauand aasnath Hll, at aheht of 3655 metes, is

the h hest eakofthe stateIt s a major Jain lrmaecentre

l Isue fTeclg

Wy Is uur ofJ rk ndarumofri siri?

he culture of Jhakhandhas been shaed by the trba lcomm un ites that abound nth is reon The oldest caveantins in Inda are beleved to have been the wokof a Jharkhand tribe calledthe Shabas When the trbes

of Jha khand ather to celebrate a secal occason, themusc and dance are a eflecton of the rhythm of theirl ives Many tyes of ecusson instumentsare ou la ,esecially the naara ance

foms echo the warior lkemovements of battles fouhtlon ao Some of the mostfamous dances of the eonare the aka and the ChhauThe dffeent cras ofJharkhand, which fom an

motant art of the eole's lves, culture and festivals include wood cras,bamboo cas, aitka antns and metal woks

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BglI ttl A

The ew Bengalr IternatialArrt is a state f the a facilty tht

is the ctrys first gree field inter

Wy Kt ll l gghl ity

anataa is the eighth ag-

est state in ndia. t is situatedon the westen edge o the eccan ateau, and is surroundedy Mahaashta and Goa on thenorth, Andha adesh on theeast, and ami l Nadu and Kealaon the south On the west, it

oens out on the Aaian Sea.Kanataa occuies three natu-ra egions ie the Coastal Sti,the Sahyadris, and the eccanlateau hey are nown in Kannada as aschima Karavali,

Ykg

42 

Re Ke

Malnad and Maidan resectiveyKarnataa has chains o

mountains, the highest eingthe Mu layyana Gir i he Sahyadi is coveed with evegeenoests. hey dro arutly to-

wards the Aaian Sea, thusoming a natua arier etween the lateau and thecoastal egions he lateau re-gion is dained y the two rin-cia l rives namey the Krishna,and the Kaveri. he average el evation o the lateau is aout60 metes aove sealevelWith mountains, ateaus, anda lush coasta region, Karnataa

Te MeWhy

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national airpo. Greenfield airpos are those that are iltfro srath in a new loation. Bengalr International Air-po is srronded y soe of the ost eofriendly settle-ents and no developent wi ll e allowed on the natral

river valleys in the area.

s indeed a land of reat eoa hica dversty

Wy ar Benalr andMysor iortant ities in

Karatka?ena luru ( analore s the

fh l arest cty n nd ia t is o-cated 1 000 metres aove sealevel and has a refreshin clmate enaluru s a erfectlend of natural eauty man

I Iue f Scece

made marves and technooyt is oen caled the l icon Val-ley of ndia ecause ofthe la renumer of sofware coman ies

that have set u sho and oerate out of stateoftheart fac l tes enauru lays host to nternationalclass conferencesworshos and exh iitions devoted to the sofware cause

Mysore s ofen cal led the cty

of alaces. t was the caita l ofthe former rulers of Mysoretate and contans many arch-tectural ems Mysore s thesecond arest cty in the stateof Karnataa and s famous forthe festvtes that tae acedurn the Dassera festval hedevery year. esdes ts numerous alaces and royal u l dinsMysore Cty s also nown forroxmity to several other laces of interest such as rranaatna Krishnaraja aar Damand hivanasamudra alls. n

addition to its many attractionsMysore City is also nown forts sanda lwood roducts

43 

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Why is Karnataka a cltral trasr hos?

anataa has a dstnctcu ture that reflects ts o-ous ast and virantesent In dance art sculture iteratu e and cassca

m usc Kanataa leads theway. It has the oldest literay tradition amon theDavdian lanuaes Ev-dence of this i s found in the9 centuy teatse on oetry called the 'Kava-

amara' where referencesae made to ealier wrtns. he three 'ems ofKannada l terature are theoets ama onna andRanna hey ved durnthe 1 and 1 2 centures.

Carnatc music s difer

hatam and violns usua y accomanya vocal musc ectal . Kanataahas a aticuarly ich cul ture of fotheatre. he most famous foms a reYashaana which features a s inenaato and ayalata which hasmu lt e naatve voces. he lesse-

nown foms are the Dasaata andan nata and the Dodatta. A vey famous craf of Kanataa is drware.Orina l ly roduced in the town ofida th s metal cra is made y in layin siver or old n acenedmeta s it any wonder then that

Kanataa s consideed to e a cu tura teasure house?

Sa ee ga ma

ent fom thatofHndustanimusic. he strned tanpu-=a the midanam the

T Why

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atal Thiruananthapura

strcts 1 4Prncal ana MalayalaStat Brd Great HornbillStat Anmal Indian ElephantStat Flowr Golden Shower Tree

has Keralas ggrahicalpsiti gin it an identity f itsow?

eraa s a smal state stated onthe soth west coast of nda. t s on lyarond 550 ms lon and 1 20 ms wdeand s ordered y land on three sdesand y the Araan Sea on the west.Krala shares ts orders wth Karnataa n th north and northeast andwth Tam l Nad n the east and sothts orahcal oston tween theAraan Sea and the Western Ghatshas rotectd t from nvadrs, and

ven t a dstnct dentty of ts own.

o Rce Kel

mdlands,andthecoastalareas The hhlands sloedown from the WesternGhats. Ths s the area of

Kerala s dvded nto thr orahcal reons t lhlands States of India

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Kerala Legislative Assembly

majo a naons l e ea, cofee, ruer,and var ious sices. The mid ands lie eween he mouna ns and he owlands,and ae made u of undu lan hi ll s andvaeys Th is is an aea of inensve cu l-vaon Cashew, coconu, a ecanu, a

oca, anana and veeales of deenvaeies are rown in hs aea. Thecoasal area s made u of numeousshalow aoons, ver delas, acwaes, and he shores ofhe Araian Sea.

Even houh Kerala is a smal l sae, 44rvers waer he and, of which 4 are

wes flown, and 3 flow easwad Keaa s also esowed wh a nume oflaes and acwae laoons whch addo he eauy ofhe land

Coconut Trees in Keral�

Wy is t isty Kala s itst-ig?

he hsory of Keraaoes ac o ancenimes, and much of i iscloaed in myhs andleends. Wha snown houh, s haade flouished hereas early as 3000 n

fac, Muzris, alsonown as Kodunaoo o Cananore,was reued o e heancen worlds ea-es radn cenre inhe eas. Aound he

firs cenury AD, Jewish mm rans aivedhere, and S. Thomashe Aose alsorouh Chrsian yohese shores aroundha me. aer, sl am

was ouh o Keraay Aa rades, eween he 6 and 8cenues AD.

Ti l around he 5cenu y AD, Keraa wasconoed y he eas

ern andya, Cho la, andChea dynases. Theerod eween 800AD and 1 1 00 AD s

Tel l Me Why

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Kalaipayaalaipayau is an anient maial a of

Keala. It is pehaps the most anient andmost sientifi of all maial as systems and

is taught in enes known as kalais' that aealso plaes of eligious woship.

nown as the erod of ' SecondChea Em ire With the readown of the Chea Emi re, thenext hase of Keraa h stoy e

an h is was the eiod of theovincia ruers. These rov-nces wee once at of theChera Emie he rovncalrulers were confned to smalareas, ut they frequentyfouht each othe fo domina

tionhe otuuese arrved n

1498, and dominated tade nthe reon unt the arrval ofthe utch, n the 17h centuryKin Marthanda Varma of theindom ofTravancore defeat-

ed the utch and exanded theoundaries of hs indom.Howeve, y 1806, oth ravancoe and Cochn ecame

Kovalam Beac

ttes of Ind

Wh canw m God nhis Gods own

couny?

suect states unde rtshcontrol. At the time of nda'sindeendence n 1947, theewee three seaate territoiesn the eion that is now Keraahey wee Malaar, Cochn,

andTravancore.n 1949, Cochnand ravancore meed, andater, Malaa was added, andthe new state of Keala wason on Noveme 1 st 1956.

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the eeents o oea, alet, asque and antoeSoe o the othe uniquedance ors ae Kishnan-atto, Koodiyatto, Mo-hniyatto,Thua,Oanaand Chavittunataka

The tadtiona usic oKeala is Soana, which isal so used as a ackoundscore du in Kathaka e

orances The inuenceo Canatic usic statedo the 1 9 century, whenthe Kin o Travancoe,Swathi Th iruna Raa Vara ouaized t Othethan Soana, Mea is

widely eroed in theteles across the stateduin the tele estvals

Keraa i s renowned or itscavins n rosewood andsandalwood. The state oasts

Miniyaa

o an aound n tadit ion o a tsts

Who has not head o the eatanter Raa Ravi Vara? The trad-tonal Kerala uas disay a dstnct stye and coour code doinated y oches and reensTheestivas ceerated with dance,u sc and assion ae aso a sin o

the culture Ona s one o the a-or estvals o the state, and a tieor thanksivn with sutuouseasts, oat races, and other sorts

Triur Pra

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Kajurao

Captal : Bhopal

strcts : 50rncpa anuae : Hinditate rd : Asian Paradis Flycatchrtate Anma : Barasinghatate Fower : Parrot Tr

Wic is t scod largst stat n

Iia?adya rades te second larest

state n te nation les in te centre ofndia t sares ts orders wt sevenneiourn states. Tey are Rajastanand Uttar rades Maarastra and Gu-ja rat Andra rades Cattisar and

Jarand. Forests cover a major part ofMadya rades and te cu ltvated areaamounts to almost alf of te total a rea.Te state covers a wide area ofte nd anplateau reon Te Cama l one et-wa and oter rvers fow from te westto te east Te asns of tese rvers d

vide ts state nto two parts. Te nortern part drains into te Ganes wlete soutern part drans nto te rversystems of te Maanad and te Godavar riers.

Why do w say that th history ofMadhya Pradsh is on of kingdosand pi rs?

Madya rades as een ome tomany empres and tese nclude teMau ryan Empire te Muals and ater

T M Why

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Vidn Sb dy Prdes

y te rts Ts s a land of emresand kndoms, of reat warrors andu ders, oets and muscans, sants and

osohers Hndusm, Islam, ud-dh sm and Jan sm were al n urtured andfoursed here Dynastes lke tat ofSunas, Andras, Satavaanas, Ksatraas, Naas and te Gutas ruled overthsland Durn, and aer the 1 Q century,dfferent reons of the state were ru ed

y dfferent dynastesWen te rts took over, te statewas declared as te Central rovnce Af-ter Inda aned er ndeendence,Mad hya radesh was ven te status ofa fu l fleded state wth efect from 1 Novemer 1956.

H!Wha knd of

cu lu s hs?

State of Inda

S SasTh Epror

Asoka built anystupas in honour ofLord Buddha. Stu-

pas ar towringston structurs inwhich th rlics ofBuddha wrplacd. Th stu pasat Sanchi a sallvillag in MadhyaPradsh ar r

Snci Stup

arkabl in thatthy trac th dvlopnt of Bud-dhist architcturand sculptur froth 3 cntury toth 2 cntury

5

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Wy is l Maya as all a i i ls?

adhya adesh has een

home to Hindus Jains uddhists Musims and vaiousties and al of them have ean inde li e ma in the fom oftemes stuas aaces and

Bansagar Dam

othe ach itectua l and mashis is why the state is caed a

meltin ot of diffeent cu-tues.Madhya adesh has a ich

h istoy i n music his land sawthe i th of two eat si nes ofhistoy ansen and aiuawa aiu awa ceated aniche fo h imself in esian andsu n in the Muhal in Humayun's cout while ansen whosucceeded him ecame a

52 

sine in Aas cou t he e-ion saw the ise of two maohaanas of music that weeon and nutued hee. Just

l ie the m usic of the eion thedance of this state is equalyuni que and vaied. Dom inatedy the tial ou lace the fodance ofthe state is tia in na

Forest in Madya Prades

tue. Madhya adesh is host tothe wod famous Khauaho

Dance estiva. Mastes of di f-feent dances ie Kuchiudihaatnatyam Odissi Kathaand many othe classica dancesefom heewith the acdoof foodit Khauaho temesesides these dances a fotheateca led Macch showcasesthe eends of ins and wai-os thouh taditional sonsand dances

Tel Me Why

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Wy w say tat vslay a at l aya as

Madhya radesh les at theheart of nd a, and oasts oftenrver asns. he Narmada andat Rvers, and ther asns d vde the state n two. he northern art drans nto the Ganaasn, and the southern art nto the Godavar and Mahanadsystems he Chamal, one,etwa, Mahanad and ndravatrvers flow from the westernsde of the state to the east,wh le Narmada and at flowsfrom te eastern sde to thewest. A maor trutary of the

Gana, the on, s orn n thsstate, as are te Narmada andMahanad Rvers

Godavari

Bil Tribal Girls

he Narmada, Cam a, et-wa, h ra, one, Maanad, ndrawat and at a re a l l rversave layed a consdera le rolen man Madhya radeshwat t s today. n fact, the Narmada s also referred to as tefene of Madhya radeshOrnatn n Amaranta, the

hhest ea of the VndhyaRane, t flows westwardtrouh Madya rades andGuarat efore fna y endn tso urney n the Gu f of Kamat

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atal : Mbai

trct 35Princial anae : MarathiState rd : Green I perial PigeonState Anmal : Indian Giant SirreState Flower : Jarl

What do we know a bot thebi rth of Ma harashtra?

he name Maharahtra firtaeared n a centry ncri-ton and may have orinatedfrom the word rath meann

'cha riot drver' t robably referto the bilder and driver ofcharot who formed the maharathi or a 'fhtin force' Theword 'Maharahtra' alo mean 'reat naton' The reon wafirt r led by the hind and

later by mlmShivaji hoe fonder of theMaratha Emire wa born n27 At the ae of he too

5

Pune

an oath to mae the land free ofthe Mhal Th wa the tartof h lfelon trle aantthe Mha and other M lm

ower y 73 he had controlover mot of wetern Maharahtra and wa ceremonolycrowned a a overein n in73 At the tme of ndeendence n 947 the tate of ombay wa born n 90 ombay

tate wa dvded into two tateon the ba of lanae wthGarat n the north and Maharahtra n the oth

e MeWhy

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Hy . . I ammaking a map ofMahaasha

Why is th ahyari kow asth acko of Maharashtra?

aharashtra is the th rd areststate in the cntry The SahyadrRane frms the bacbne f thestate. Ths rane has an averaeheht f 1 m, and fa s in stee

cs, t the Knan n the westEastwards, the hi cntry fa s nstes thrh a transtna areat the atea eve The Knan,yin between the Arabian Seaand the Sahyadr Rane, s a narrw casta wand. The Sat

das, h s an the nrthern br-der, and the hamraadChr-Gahr Ranes n the easternbrder, frm hysca barrers re-ventn easy mvement, bt a sserve as natra mits t the state

FstialsaharashtraMaharashtra is a stat

whr all rligios coxisti pacful haroy, aso, all th ai fstivalslik Holi, Christas, Diwali

a Ei ar clrat joyously Thr ar also sv-ral rgioal fstivals likth Pu Fstival, GashChaturthi, th ElphataFstival, a Ellora Fsti-val Howvr, th iggstfstival of Maharashtra isuoutly GashChaturthi It is clrattw August a Sp-tr, a lasts for 8 to10 ays Iols of LorGash ar worshipp,a th is ark y

th spctacular procssiothat culiats at th Ara-ia Sa, whr th iolsar irs i th watr

Nm o

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Ajanta Caves

Why are the Ajanta

and E ora caves a triuteto ancient Indian art?

ocated near the cty ofAuranaad n Maharashtra, the Ajanta and Elloracaves are word famousfor the cave shrnes that

are cut out of rock all yhand here are 34 cavesat Elora, and 29 caves atAanta, and all are out-standn secimens of In-dian archtectura exce-lence hey were ui lt us

n smle tools, and contan some of the most dvnesculturesandmaesof uddha's reachn.he Ajanta caves e deen the semard Sahayadrhlls, aove the Wahora

Rver Aout30

kms northwest o Auranaad, the34 El lora caves are carvednto the sdes of a h l l

56

Rivers ofaharashtraThe ain

rivers of Maharashtra are theGodavari, the Krishna, and theTapti The Godavari and Krishnafow eastwards into the Bay ofBenga, irrigating ost of centra and eastern Maharashtrao the north, the rivers Tapi and

Narada fow into the AraianSea To the east, are ajor riversike Wainganga that fow to thesouth

e Me Why

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oweroseharashtra is the

indstrial powerose of India with a contribtion

of 1 3% towards the national econ-o Cheical and allied prodctselectrical and nonelectrical a-cinery textiles petrole andallied prodcts are the ain indus-tries in Maharashtra

Cp Sj po

Wy is M ba one of the ost

portant cities n ndia?he resent day dynamic and v

bant city of Mumba was orinayan achelao of seven smal l s landsn the 3 centuy these islandscame unde Maurya Emie rued byEm eor Asoa

Afte indeendence Mumbai hasbeen one of the most oessive cites It is econzed as the seat of domestic and internatonal tade The

Sas f ndia

city s the home to ndia'stwo laest stoc maretsthe ombay Stoc Exchane and the NationalStoc Exchane t is thefnancial heart of Indiaone of the world's to 0commercia centres and

the entetanment catalof the nation eole flocto the cty in doves forMumbai is truy the city ofoden ootunties

57

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Wt w w

M i s isty?he hstory o the re-

on o Manr oesbac to the 1 centyA It was a ndomormed by the ncaton o ten cans ts

modern h storystartedn 1 81 9 A when KnMarjeet red overManr. The rmesedeeated hm andChahTaret Khntaa became the n. I n

1825 Gambr nhled the Man rs n an

Cata : Iphal

strcts : 9Prncal anae : Maiitate rd : s H's Phasattate Anmal : Sangaitate lower : Sioi Lily

attac over the rmese and declaredhmsel as the rer. The rtsh conqered Manr on 27 Arl 1 89 1 A.Maharaja Chrachand nh was na medas raja and the admnstraton was con-dcted nder rtsh servson orsome years. Aer Inda became nde-endent on Ast 1 5 1 947 the Ma-

nr Consttton Act estabshed ademocratc orm o overnment wththe Maharaja as the exectve head anda leslatre consttted by eecton on

adlt ranchse. n 1 949Manr mered wth n-deendent Inda and on

2 1 Janary 1 972 Manrwas ranted statehood.

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lDid you know that Manipu is the bihplace of the

gae of pol? Polo can be best descibed as hockey

played on hseback! It was hweve, the Bit-ish who populaized it woldwide. Theytansfoed the Manipui gae of

pulu' int the intenational

Wy i Mni ll tl ofwl

an iu oasts of an exotc landscaewth ently unduatin hi ls, emeadeen va leys, ue aes, and dense fo-ests. Manu means the and of jewes,and it s wel named ecause MotheNatue has een exta eneou s n heeauty n ths land Naaland, M izoam,Assam and uma eoahcay o-

de the esent state of Ma ni u . Aout90% of the and is mountainous, and tsmao ve s known as mhal, aewhch the catal cty was named Ma-nu is famous fo ts ochi ds and asofo ts ae and eautfu l, an d exqu is itehand cas. ts cutue s a fne lend of

cooufu festivals, ch hstoy, vantcustoms, wondeful achtectue, en

spot of plo.

r amfom h lando jwls

chantn music, andexctn dance foms.he favoute sot of

the eole of Manius achey

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Rs Ll

Wy ar fstivals a i portat partof lif i Maipr?

estivas fom an imortant at ofMa niu i ife in fact, ady a montasses y witout a festival of some indein ceeated. Tese festival s oect

te cu tual, social and eiious asi a-tions of te eoe. Tee is te festivalof aiaaoa tat eesents te wos i of taditiona deities an d ancestosYaosan is te most i mortant Hi nd ufestival in Maniu. t is a fiveday onfestival wic eins on a fu l l moon day

in te mont of a un, tat is, Feuary and Mac. Kut is an autum n festivaof KuiCinMizo ou of Maniuities Tis festival celeates te oun

Hy Tb

tifu food stoc, and isa tansivin ceemony.

Ote festivas in-cude Ninol Caou-a, wic is one of temao festivas in Maniu. t is a socia festi-val wee te womenae i nvited to a feast attei aenta ouse.Holi is anote maofestiva of Maniu,and is ceeated fofive days statin fomte full moon of al-una Gan Nai is afestival of te Kaui

Naas. t eins witan oat tain cee-mony and asts fo fivedays Ceiaoa ceeates te ManiuiNew Yea. Duin tistime of te yea, te

eoe cean teiouses, decoatetem, and start evey-tin afes. Te cele-ation of t is festivalincudes cl imin teneaest i in wit te

eief tat suc an actwoud el a eson toconque new eitsin eal l ife.

el l Me Why

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st SpaatilvrBri

ThJadukataBridg is thelongst spancantilvrbridg in India.Th bridge has acentral span of40 metres, andstrtches acrossthe Jadulata Riv-r, about 30kms away fromShil long, thecapital of Mg-halaya. lt forms

a vital link on anim poant roadin this border _stat.

aes f a

aital : Shillongstrcts : 7rl Lagag Khasi,Garo,EnglishState rd : Hill MynaState Amal Clouded LeopardState Fowe Lady's Slippr Orchid

k in Mly

Hw wa s Mhalaya fr?ehalaya was once u led y the ancient

tres known as the Khass aintas andGaos Each had itsown kndom n the1 9 centuy these

kndoms cameunder the admin is-traton othe rtshand durn the itsh Ra Mehalayawas annexed underthe rtsh Emre

Further n 1935Mehalaya ecamea art of AssamHoweve Meha

6

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MwsyTh cav of Maw-

syra i Mghalayais a popular touristdstiatio across I-dia as wll as th -

tir world It is faousfor th gigatic foratio of a staag-it, which rs-bs th shap of aShivaliga Th araalso holds th rcordfor big th wttstplac o Eah with aaual raifa of1 1 ,873 i litrs

laya enjoyed a semiinde-endent status due to te

teaty tat was sned e-tween Mealaya and teits Cown. Wen ndaecame indeendent teeon was ncluded n testate of Assam fo admin is-tatve easons. Tis led to

an atation y te ocaoulaton. Te eion wasaccoded ful stateood onJanuay 2 1 972.

Why is Mly ll tl o ls?

aved out ofte fome state ofAssam Mealaya is one of teseven siste states of te NotEasten eion odeed y As-sam in te not and anladesn te sout. t is eoaica lynown as te 'Mealaya la-teau' o te 'Silon ateau'.

Te aea s made of te odestocfomations Mealayaconssts of te Gao Kas andJaintia H ls aon wit te As-sam anes. Te Meaayaateau's elevation vaies e-tween 1 5 metes to 1961

metes aove sea level Telateau is ily dssectedand as an eu a teann te westen and notensde

GoCous 

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Rvers fom an mortant art of theeorahy of Me

halaya In the GaroHls the majo v-ers ae the RnKalu Ajaa andaan and msann the eastern andcental ats of the

Mehaaya lateauthe major rvers arethe aru Um khKynchan andMyntdu he wordMehalaya meansthe land of cloudsn anskrt and thename s most arorate fo thsland of h l s and la-teaus that seem totouch the couds.

W Fll

Tr nMyMeghalaya

is a tourists

paradise andis hoe tosoe of theost pristineforests in India. With itsany nation

al parks deepval ley arching waterfalls andcharing villages it is a greatgetaway destination indeed.The second wettest pace onEah Cherrapunjee is in Meg-halaya. It gets over 1,430 il-lietres of rain every year in-

undating viually the entirearea for onths at a tie andtourists floc here for the expe-rience.

6

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Wy was t MoNational Frontfo?

ot much of Mzorams early history srecorded. It s beevedthat the Mizos mgrated to ths regon hundreds of years ago The

ear lest Mzos who m

64

Look at MyMizo ochids!

aptal Aizawl

Dstrts 8Princpal anguages Mio, EnglisState Brd Mrs. Hue's PasantState Anmal Hoolock GibbonState Flower Red anda

zwl Mzom

grated to ndia were known as Kukis.During the period 1 7501 850, mgratons ed to settlements in the h l s. Thetriba groups were governed under aheredtary chieftanshp Mizoram became a part of the territory of ritsh I nda n 1 89 , though the adm n istration

of the v l lages was le to the ocal ch ief-tans. Aer nda became ndependent,Mizoram contnued to be part of Assam.n 1961, the Mizo Natonal Front wasformed wth the goal of ach ievng nde-pendence for Greater Mzoram. As a re-su lt, the di strict was carved out of Assam,

and rased to the status of a un on terr-tory on January 2 1 , 1 972 In 987, Mizo-ram became the 23fu l fledged state ofthe cou ntry.

e MeWhy

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ZwlI n th prBritish dys

Mizo yoths ovr th g of1 5 hd to sty in chlorsdoritoris known s Z-wlk whr thy rcivdtrining in tril wlfrwrstling hnting nd villg govrnnt Th oys

who wnt to th Zwlk rgd scopt n Th trining ws intn-

siv nd strnos nd strict disciplinws intind in ths doritoris

Wy is Mizor considrdto tifl stt?

ioram a state stated onthe extreme soth o North-

Eastern ndia s a land o nend-n natra beaty. It s a and ohi s the hihest bein BleMontain a t 2 1 5 metres hehis here are covered withbamboo and banana treesalon with a wonderl array o

pne trees. he orests in thi s re-ion also hose some o therarest varetes o orchids

LscpMzom

ond on ly in thi s reion o thecontry he presence o somemaor rvers ike a awnirn erl i and Mat and some

pictresqe lakes is also a hh-pont o Morams beaty.

Wt r t trditionldn cs of Mizor ?

he dances o Mioram ettheir inspration rom the nat-ra beaty o the h ll y terrains.

he Khalam dance o Mioram s known as the dance othe ests. Ma les wear in a tradtonal costme caled Pan-dm perorm t Both maes andemaes perorm the Cheraw

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mb Dne

da nce The use of bam boo staves is au nque trat of ths dance. arlam kas an ancent dance that was performed by the warrors of yore. oysand g irls perform Chhe h am dance

using bamboo tubes and drumsangtaam is another fascinatngdance that is accompanied by detdrummers Dd you know that whena wfe des the husband perormsthe dance of Chawnga iawn?

66

This sa spea danetem. . .

aaTiRsv

Th apa Ti R-sv th bigst wild-life sanctuay in Mizo-a is situatd in thwesten pa of Mizo-a stat on th int-national bode withBangladsh It has a va-iety of a and ndanged anials in abun-danc includin ofcous tigs! He v-egen and deciduousfoests ae foundalong with steep p-

cipitous hi lls deep val-leys, jungle stasippling ivults andnatual salts licks.

Tel l e Why

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e know very ittea bout the ea rly hi storyof agaand. Durngthe early 1 9 century,present day agaandwas und er the controlof Myanmar. Whenthe ritsh East ndaCompany took overAssam, agaland became a part of ritishInda.

Aer Inda got herndependene n1947, the area underagaland and Assamwere combned toform a snge state,known as Assam utas demand for a sepa-rate poltca entity

from the aga trbesntensifed the Gov

Capta : Kohia Dstrcts 8

Pcal Laguages: ngam, , Chang,nak, ha, angam, ma an CakhangState rd : TragopanState Anma : MithnState Flower Rhododndron

ernment of ndia decided to make aga-

land a sngle admnistrative unt It became a u nion terrtory in 1 957, and wasgoverned directy by the centre. ow

Mu

ever, th is d id not sats the aga trbes.They wanted ther own state.

Fnal ly, on December 1 963, aga-land became the 6 state of nda.

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What do w knowabotthgography of Nagaan d?

agaand s located on theetreme north east, just beow

Arunacha radesh. he terrans h l ly, rugged, and mountanous. he hghest peak s aramat n the Twensang dstrct,wh ch s 3840 metres above sealeve he average heght o thepeaks s between 900 and 1 200

metres The hllsdes are cov-ered wth green orests. n act,20 percent o the total and areao the state s covered wthwooded orest, rch n lora andauna. he only wel known lakes acham.

he state o Nagaland sdraned by our che rvers oDoyang, hanj, Dhansr andDkhu. he rvers are the trbu-tares o the mghty Brahmaputra Rver, wth ther sources nthe mountan ranges o thestate

l 's Tgop

68

Wy o w say tat Nagaland s r ltrlhrtag?

he peope o Nagaandare dvded nto severatrbes. he socal structure oeach and every Naga trbe sderent rom the other. heNaga trbes stl perormther war da nces, that are respendent wth colouruand tradtona headd resses,costumes, war pant, and

weapons lke spears. Weav-ng s a tradtona cratpassed down the genera

Te Me Why

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I Hroy wth thEirot

For centuries the Naga tribeshave lied in harony with thirenironent. They have alwaysben self sufficint producingtheir own food clothing and

shltr Their culture andlifestyle show their dep

respect for Natur .• Aravind Bhat

Tece Culo Ngl

e ndia

Don't beafaid ! He is a

dance!

ion Almo vry rura lhom ha a oom Naahawl hav hr ownclan moif and arbrihly colourd hrbal mn mak dcorav par and bam boohid. hy ar xclln woodcarvr Bak makn anohrcra a whch h Naaar kld h radiional ornamn of Na

aand alo rflc hrich cu lura hria ofh popl

69

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aptal Bhubaneshwar

strcts 30Prncpal Languages OriyaState Brd Male Inian PeafowlState Anal Inian ElephantState Flower Lotus

Kok Su mpl Co Wl

Why i the Kalinga war have ag reat i pact on the h istory of Ois-ha?

n a ncent tes, Odsha was knownas Utkala, al nga and Oda esa at df-feent ponts n ts hstoy. or anycentures, a nga was a very owerfu kngdo he faous war that the Eeor Asoka waged aganst alngaroved to be a turn ng ont n h s lfe.

70

he bloodshed and kl-

ng of wa sckened h,and ed h to renouncevolence, and turn toBuddhs.

hs wa had a greatpact on the h stoy ofth s egon too, fo under

Asoka's benevolentgudance, lteature,language, usc, anddance fourshed heedung ancent tes In 8 th e last Hndu rulewas overthown by aMusl genera, and f-nally, Odsha was annexed by Akba n 92he Mughas uled t l1 803 when Odsha caento Btsh possessonollowng nda's ndeendence, the 2 rnceystates n the regon weeerged nto odernstate of Od sha

e e

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Wat d w know a but tgaphy f Odsha?

disa es on the eastencoast of ndia . t s bounded by

West Bengal n notheastJaand in te not Mad hyaadesh in te west Andaadesh n the sout and theBay of Benga n te east Ossacan be dvded nto tee boadegions te coastal ains the

mdde mountainous countyand te ateaus. Te egon ofthe coastal ans s a combnaton of seveal deltas fomed bythe majo ves of Odisa sucas te ubanaea te Budhabaanga the Bataan te

Bamani te Mahanadi andte usiulya. The middemountainous egion coves

Odisha is faous

fo th a of sandscuptus Accod-ing to bif, a fa-

about theefou ts of the ente state and comises te lsand mountans of te EastenGats. The ateaus a e mostly

eoded tab leands foming tewesten sloes of te EastenGats.

To sum u the state oes divese abitats fom lu s g eenand ily tean to coastaains and oling ive valeys

csscossed by ves tat include te Bah man i te M a- nad and te Bansadaa.

It s bette touse some cementto fix ths

ous pot Baaa Das wantd tocib od Jagannath's chaiot duing th Rath Yata, but was not "

al lowed. Saddened, he then went  · ft� tothebeach,andcarved

�heimages . ,  � . '.-  1.2 

of od Jagannath, Dv Subhada ': ' .,  '  . 

and LordBalabhadra onthegoldn  ' , : 5"

sand and payd to ths iags.

States of Inia 7

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Wy t ts ts Os spl?

ue to the regns of many dferentrulers, the culture, arts and cras of

Odsha underwent many changes,from time to time Yet, the artstc sl lof the Oriya artsts remans unparal-leled From tradtonal tmes, Odshahas been considered a state blessedwith taent for arts Rght from pameaves writng, to applique wor, the

crasmen of Odsha have peected tal l Severa art forms that have ded outover tme n many parts of the countryare st l l practced n parts ofOdsha

he crafsmen create breath tangwors n s lver f lgree, wood cra, appl que wor, brass, and bel l metal wor.

hey also excel n horn wor, papermache creatons, terracotta figures,and tie and dye textles. n fact, eversnce the Mauryans set textle worshops here, Odisha has been an impor-tant hu b for the cra of weavi ng . hereare now nu merous weavng commu ni

tes, whch have more than 3 ahweavers. When t comes to music anddance, Odissi musc s charmng, coouul, and mutisplendoured ln add-tion to the word renowned Odiss andhhau dance forms, Odisha boats ofanumber offo dances too

Kok Su Tmpl

Kk stlThe Konrk Sun Tple in Odisa was builtin the 3 century. Itwas conivd as a gi-ganti sola cariotwith twlve pairs of ex-

uisitelyonaentedwheels dagged byseven aing hoss.Th xuisite nataandi' o the daninghall' o tis shine is anarchittual wonde.The Knak Dane Fes-tival is ld in Dce-be evy yer againstthe bautiul backdrpf tis tple.A host o celebatdclassial dans foall ove te untry

peror in t opnaiauditiu. T estival pvids a platfofor bot th prfor-ing rtists and tedanc nnoisseurs toppeite th essnceo vaious classicaldane os of tecounty.

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apital : Chandigarh

Dstrcts 22Princpal Language : PunjabState Brd : Eastern Goshawk

State Anmal : Blackbuck

T

The holiest shrine of theSikhs is the Goden Tepleat Aritsar. The location ofthe Goden Tepe wasoriginaly a sal lake in a

deep forest. t has long beenrecognized as a place ofspiritual significance It issaid that Buddha spentsoe tie there, and later,the first Sikh Guru edi-tated at the lake. The archi-

teure of the Golden te-pe represents a uniueharony beeen Musliand Hindu styles.

States Inda

Gole Temple

ms

ion i it h t?

unab the lad o ive rves was oe o the centres o

the preh istoic du s val ley ivilization. Aer 1 500 t wasthe ste othe earl est Ayan settlements In the past Puabwas occuped by Aexander theGreat and the by the Mau yanmpire Musl ims occuped WestPunjab by the 8 cetuy andusheed n slam. Not untl thelate 1 2 centuy did they conquer East Punjab which even

7

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Pujb Ues

afterward, remained pedom

nanty H ndu . n te late 1 8centuy, te iks ose to dom-nance. ey came nto conflctwit te B rts durng te early 9 century. n 1 849, te Btsannexed most of te unjab,and made t a povnce, toug

some of te prncey stateswee retai nedWit te creation of akstan

n 1 947, unjab was parttonedaccording to te prevaence ofMus m and te Hndu popula-tons. e westen portion became pat of akistan e east-ern pat stayed wt ndia. endian unjab was d ivided intotee dferent states on a lin-guistic basis on Novembe 11 966 . e Hnd speakng aeasformed te new state ofHayana,w lete Notern most disticts

wee transfered to Himacalades. e emanng egionsform pesent day unjab.

74

unjab s bounded on te

west by akstan, on te notby ammu and Kasm r, on tenorteast by imacal rades,and on te sout by Haryanaand Rajastan Due to te pesence of a large numbe of rivers,most of te land of unjab s

fetile pla n.However, te souteast egon s semarid, and unjabsard soutern border edges tear Deset. A belt of swelngills extends along te nort-east at te foot of te imaayas, and te ival k Range isessapy n te nort of te state.eaing summes, toentamonsoons, and coo winters arete clmatc condtons of tisland.

Mo g Ple, Pl

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National institute of PharmaceuticalEducation and Research

W i nja nn a Telan ve river?

he name Punjab means landof five rivers,' and is derived fromthe Persian words panj,' meaningfive, and aab, meaning water Thefive rivers of Punjab are the Beas,Chenab, helum, Ravi, and Sutej.These rvers begin as various sma akes in Himalayas. The Beasmerges into the Sutlej at Harikenear Ferozepur n Punjab just be

fore crossng the border into westPunjab or Pakistan, where it eventuay merges nto the river Indus.

The and between the Beas andthe Sutej is caled the DoabaMany important cties a re locatedhere The region between the Beas

and Chenab is the heart of Punjab,and i s caed Majha. The area beyond the Chenab River and aroundthe River Jheum is Pothohar.Rachna Doab is the name given tothe and between the Ravi andChenab rivers, whie east of the

rver Beas s the area known asMawa. Th s region gets its namefrom a can caled Moois or Ma-awis tha t once rued this area.

States of India

Bharaamh Bhara Da m is I n-dia's biggest hydro lc-tric projct It is ocated nar the orer of un-jab ith H imachalPradsh. Te am hasn constrct acrossth prnnial rivr St-lj, which flos don thShivali rangs that surrounds th rgion, and isan nginering marvl Itis on of th highest

gravity dams in thworld, and it has creatda hug rservoir knonas th Goin Sagar rs-rvoir Thi am is vi-ally th central nervoussystm of nohrn India,as it supplies eectricityto th ntir region

• NinuDixit

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Captal Jaipur

istcts 33Prncpa Languages Hi di RajathaiState Bd Great Idia ButardState Animal ChikaraState lwer Rohida

Why i Raah d y

hi a?heancienthistryfRajasthan

dates back t 200 A when twas a pat f dierent dynastiesncuding the glrius MauyanEmpire It wasnt until the mdsixth century that the brave Ra

jputs warrirs pa excellencecame t dmnate the regin

Rajasthan was dvded intkngdms and the valiant Rajputs kept themselves busywith skirmshes amngst theneighburng kingdms r

else they faced the Turks themghty Sutans f eh s last Su ltanate and late the GreatMughals. It was aund thistime that Rajasthan came t becaled as Rajputana. Rana UdaySingh hs sn Rana Pratap

Bhappa Rawa Rana Kumbhaand Pthviraj Chauhan were

Meg Fo

sme f the mst famus Ra-jput warrs fthis tme

Late mst f the regins

came under Mughal ule fl-lwed by the Maathas wever between 1 8 7 and 1 81 8,al mst a l l the pincely states inthe regin entered int al l ances wth the Brtish On Nvembe 1 956, the state f present

day Rajasthan came nt existence

Jpu

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l I Rjst s gt trditio of folk m-

ic, d tir istmts c dividd itopcio istrmts, wid istmts,

d stig istmts. dol, dolk, d g r populprcssio istrumts, wil t commo wid stts t si d flut, t poogi, t lgo, d t t.Stig itrmts icld kid of srgi, wil t tli,wic i mtl pltt, is t poplr folk istt.

Hw Ml Plce

W i f -j cidd iq

ajasthan s ocated n north

west Ind a It borders Punjab nthe north Haryana and UttarPadesh n the northeast Madhya Padesh n the east andGujarat n the south H ugeaeasof the state of Rajasthan cons stof the bggest Indan deset

the ha Desert. The ard Tha

aso boasts of Mount Abu famous for ts flora and faunaWh le the Araval Hl l s povdethe muchneeded elef to thsard land the wde spread sanddunes of the desert and ard eg on mae t one of the tough

est teans n the wod.The oldest chan of fold

mountans the Aava Rangesplts the state nto two geographca zones the deserton one sde and the foest belton the othe. The ocy range of

Amber hly range of Mewathe rve basn of Bharatpur andfertle Arava range all combne to mae the geography ofRaasthan tuly un que

Hlls o Jp

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a• t tol h Dt tol P Rajt ot

d ctuy. h pa codd ot oly thlagt th tt o Rajath but mog thlagt Id. It mad up o xtct lt l dthoy cub d a codbl aa cot od du. h dt hah plc to ut l ad thu mot o th aua ad lo lv o th

dg. vthl th plac attact lg loc omgatoy bd.

Why do w y tht dut hv plyd vtl ol Rjth' gowth?

eposts of zc, coppe ad

othe mieal s have helped thegrowth ofidusty ajasthahe Kheti oppe omplex isthe biggest coppe pat Idia Mii g i s a vey mportatdusty, ad there are about 42mao, ad 28 mior mes that

provde em poymet to aoudI

deposited hee 10 Kg coppe!

78

2 m l o people. Some agrcul-tual poducts aso help dus-tral g owth.

I geeral, idustry ajas-

tha is made up of heavy, medum, ad sma scae idustries,as wel as cottage idustes adthe servce dustry. he heavyidustres clude the poductio of ball bea rgs ad cemet,as wel as the Natioa hemal

ower lat i Kota. Small scaedustries cude ceamcs,textiles, block prit g, woollead carpet idustry, marble adgraite, gems ad jewelery. Ishort, though agriculture s themai occupatio of the people,the dustra sector is also verympotat, as t accouts forabout 32.5 per cet of the totalshae e states ecoomy.

Tel l e Why

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Sue oGuu

Rpoe

Ts Lasogo Lae issituatd at an ati-tude of 3657 me-tres in Siim. heae is about ong ova in sha15 res depand is considered

sacred by the loalple. 

States India

apital Gangto

Distits 4l Lgg Lepcha, Bhutia, mbu, NepalStat Bi d Bood PheasantStat Anima Rd PandaStat Flw obe Orci

Wy is Siis isty irnt tat t stats

ikkim was inhabitd in phisti timsby th tibs. Thy w absbd by appl knwn as th pha wh ntdSikkim smtim at. Th dit fganizing thm int sm st f a sity gst a psn ad Tuv Pa n Buddh ismth maj ligin in th stat aivd fmTibt in th 3 ntuy. t tk its distin-

tiv Sikkims fm fu ntuis atwhn th Tibtan mnks wnt t Gang-tk lking f a tain psn whm thy

79

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No Madaspatanam, onMadas

stt

t st Tl s tt ts?

y 300 B TamlNau was ule bythee majo ynastesthe holas thePanya� an theCheas. his was the cassical peod  of 

Tam l l iteature- the 

aes of Ina

apital Chnnai

Dstrcts 2Prncpal anguage ailState Br Emeald DvState Anmal Nilgii ahState Flower Gly lily

anga Age that contnue unt

aroun AD 300he Pallava ynasty ose to power n

the 7 an 8th centures n the 13 centuy wth threats of Muslim nvasonsfrom the noth the southern H n u ynasties came togethe to form the empi re of Vijayanaga whch covee al l of

outh I na However by the 1 7 centu-ry the Vayanagar Em pi e broke up In 640 th e Brtsh negotate the use ofMaaspatnam now known as henna-as a traing post. Afte nepenencethe Maas Presiency was sbanean amil Nau was estabshe as an

autonomous state in 1 956.Fo S. Gog

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MlMhlipurm s hr-

our town ounded in te7 century y the llvs

in the Kncheeprm dis-trict The hror o M-hliurm trded withte dstnt kingdos oSoutEst Asi It s -mos tody o its ockscultures nd temles

wic wee constructedetween 630 nd 728 ndis wold hertge site

Wy is Til d clled ngrcltul stte

ai Na was hisoiallyow o is ail oai is o isi has a l alo o o hsas wih a ia poa i aia po-io O aso o his isha h as a aivyo sposiv a piv

o hai hoois aa os vy p

c n vl l ai a as oh ioa l a iios

siva s os o h sival s a aaia i awhi ohs hav yhooial siiia oa a

havs siva is h os ipoa o a sivas h oa siva is la o o osivays i aay op o pays i hoo o h o i Wa a Eah hy pay o a ooop a pospiy a oo a a a oa

a o i il a ay h ayaaiDa sival i s ia o o hiva i h

o o aaaa hosi a h sival als i h oh

Nm

82

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oeeoleiamiNauaeegagei agicu lue. Bo oo cos a cascos ae gow i e sae e maooo cos ae ice, owa, agi aamaize a uses e cas cos gowicue coo, suga cae, cocou eaa coee Oe oicu ua l oucsli ke aaas a magoes ae a lso cu-ivae. e Deame o gicuueas ake u e ca ege o acieve aige go ae i agicuue y im-

lemeig seveal eveomescemes

o euay i e eme ciy oCiamaameKaigaiDeeamesiva is e esiva o igs

e alikau Bu esiva is cee

ae o e 4 ay o oga, i iuci aal i . Navaai i a Dee-avai ae ceeae wi gea eusiasm a zea e C ii a i esiva is e i e amous auaiem es ee is a so a amous u-sic a Dace esiva e i Ce-

ai i Deceme

Slk S W Kpm

StKachua scat th ala

Rv Ta auIt s as call thct a thusats.Kacua saus ts sst Th s wavs Kachua

sttl h tha 400 as aga s wavgctus t b tha ccuat th lvgh I a

th sls Kachvaaa ut t b thcut's ist

83

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stvlh Jmpui Hills aehe highes hi llane ofipua,nd oangs aeown in plenyhe. vey yeathe uniueane andouism Fsivalha is held inNovmb cle-

bas h bounyof ohe Naue • i

ptl : Agahaa

stts 4l Laguages Benli okbookStte Anml : Phays LnuStte B : Gen mpi PieonStte Flowe Naeshwa

Wh h physic feus of

ipu?pu s one ofthe seven sttes n the

noth esten pt of n t hs Bngl-esh s ts boe on ts noth west nsouth. Assm n Mzom boe theesten pt ofthe stte. pu s lnof hgh h l s tht e ntespese wth

ve vl leys. In the noth t hs fou vl-leys tht hve been septe by hllswth heghts of bout 1000 metes Inthe south thee s open foestln coveng ge e A we vety of pnt

Lspe- Tpu

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W t l s Ti s itsti

pua has ove 1 9 dieettibal commuities as wel as

Begai ad Mapu commuites Each commuity has its owdace foms whch ae famousth oug hout the couty.

The Gaia dace is peomedae sowg seeds i the mothof Apil It is a time whe Tipuis

oe payes to the deity Gaafo a bumpe havest Oce theGaa festval eds the Tipuis

Tpu Lscpe

stat waitig fo the mosoo

Duig this peod umeous colouful isects caed ebagswam the h il l slopes seach ofseeds.These i sectsa ewecomedby Tipus wth the ebagBooma Dace

The peope of the Chakma commuty pefom the Bzy dace towelcome the ew Yea The daces accompaied by the soud offutes kow as Kheggaag

86

ad Dhukuk The ai Hakdace s pefomed at theed o f the ha vesti g seaso by the alam commu

ty of Tpu a The peoplesg ad d ace the WagalaDace afte a good havestWomefol k da ce a d thetheme s eheasa l fo waThe Hozag dace s adace which baacg

pay s a key oe a d t s veydffeet fom othe tibaldaces

Tipua has cotbuted a

lot to Ida cu ltue i temsof fol k m usc Dfeet typesof muscal istumets suchas the kham made of woodad amal sk the sumawhch s a fute made ofbamboo sada chogpegdagdu ad cymbas aeused The state is aso welkow fo ts cae ad bamboo hadcas.

Tel Me Why

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ptl Deradun

Dtrct 1 3l Lagags ini, Garai, aniStt Brd Himalayan MonalStt Anm Himalayan Musk deerStt Fowr Brama ama

Wy s te istoy o ttaa

kand linked to tat oaral and uaon ?

h h tory of Uttrkhnd ctuly th htory of two rgon Grhwl nd KumonGrhwl w onc prt of thMuyn mpr In th 1 5 cn

tury Kng Aj mrgd th 52rncp t of th Grhw r-gon to form nw kngdomGrhwl rmnd conodtd kngdom for bout 300 yrh ry mdvl htory ofKumon ttd wth th Ktyur

dynty tht rud from 7 to

th 1 1 cntury In 1 791 thGurkh took control of Kumon nd n 1 03 Grhwl ofl to th Gu rkh

In th 1 9 cntury th Brthnnxd th Gurkh mprnd long wth t th r tht

now form ttrkhnd Utt-rkhnd w t of Uttrrdh nd on 9 Novmbr2000 t bcm th 2] tt ofndn unon

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . �,.• ." ' ,

Valley o oerse Valey o loers is a National

Park cated in te Cami district o Uttarakand. Spread over an area 87.5 sq kms, te

Valley o loers oers te visitor te memorable sigto over 500 species o id oers blooming in al teir

glory. is unsua vaey is lanked in eiter side by ypeaks tat remain snocapped rond te year. From Novem-

ber to May, te valley remains under tick layers o sn.

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g Re Ggo

Wt t ggl ts ttd

he state Uttaakhand s su-unded by Hmachal adesh in thenthwest, and Utta adesh n thesuth. It shaes its intenatinal b

des with Nepal and Ch na. he nth-en pat the state Uttaakhand isshuded by Himalayan anges andgacies, wheeas the lwe pats the state a e thcky ested.

Situated at the heght 786 mabve sea level, Nanda Devi n the

distict Chamli s the hghest pintin the state. w Ind as biggestves, the Ganga and the Yamunaignate n the glaces Uttaa-khandhegegaphyUttaakhands such that t s usuay divded nttw pats, the westen ha knwn asGahwa, and the easten egin asuman Dd yu knw that the wdUttaakhand s the Sanskit tem nth cunty'?

88

Mollg Mose

That s NothKhand and this isSouth Khand

e Me Why

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ada vi atioal Parkhe Nanda Devi Natioal Park is on of the

most spectacular wilderess aras in th Himalayas. t is dominated by the pak of Nanda

vi. It is th habitat of svral endangrd mammals, speciallyth snow lopard, Himalaya musk dr, and th bharal. he parkncompasses th Nanda Dvi sanctuary, a glacial basin surroundedby a ring of peaks he spctacular viws, sylvan environment, andrichnss of th biosphere make it uit diffrnt from othr parksh park has been declared a world heritag sit by UNSCO

Why do tourists flok tottarakhad?

Uarakhad is oe cal ledhe abode of he gods ad s a popular ours desia-o I is he hol ies of a l H i du pil grimage ceres as he

lad is home o four grea re-gious ses Gagor Yam uor Badrah ad Kedarah. Ths apar Uarakhadboass of prse auralbeauy saely mouaisawe isprg glacers ad

gu rgl ig hi l brooks rare wi ldlfe ad opporues ga lorefor adeure spors

Nl ke

Naial locaed i he Kumaofoohls s oe of Idas mospcuresque hil saios surouded by mouas o hreesdes Mussoore is ocaed heGarhwal h il ls Dehradu is wdely

kow as a impora base forrekkg ad adeure aciiesGagor is a mus for eery soras s locaed a he source of heholy er GagesUarakhad also has seera l g lacers ad wild fesacuares whch are ery fa

mous l ke he Jim orbe Naoal Park Rajaji Naoal ParkMakol Gacier Nada De Groupof Glaciers ad P idar Glacer

89

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a aiclt

ad idst imotat to t coomof tta ads?

tta Padesh has thesecond agest economy in nd ia . gicutueand industy ae whee

the ea assets o thestate ie he eti e soi o the state, inceaseduse o eti izes, ettei igation aci ities, andusage o dieent vaieties o high yieding

seeds make it one othe mao oduces oood gains he maoagicutua cutivations ae wheat, ice,pu ses, oi seeds, sugacane, and uits ike

mangoes and appeshe mao industies

ae ased on mineas,cement manuactu

90

Capita : Lcow

Disticts : 74Pincipa Languages : Hdi dState Bid : Sas CaState nima : Swam State owe : alas

Seco Ymu ge ll

i ng, and sma scae un its he egion hasa age eseve o mi nea s hee ae auminum units in Banda and Sonhada a

ea, coppe pants in Pitho gah, moaChamo i and ehi Gahwa, coa esevesin the Singaui, and imestone depositsin i zapu aea o the state Sma scaein dustis aso pay a mao oe in theeconomy o the state.

V

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i i v iii

ttar radesh s the ad o te ep-cs te Maabaratha ad Raayaa. The epre o Chadra GuptaMaurya exteded eary over thewoe o Uttar rades Du rig theGupta perod the culture ad arctecture o Uttar rades reached itspeak. Te declie o the G uptas coi-cded with the rse o the H us roCetra Asa. The 7 cetury wit-essed the takg over o Kaau byHarsavardhaa

Kk

1 526 Babur lad the oudatoo the Mughal dyasty. The g lghto the Muga rule cae whe E-peror Akbar chose te cities o Agraad Fatehpur Sikr as h i s captal cties.The Mugha l reig saw te costruc-

tio o soe othe ost ag icet

llb Ues

ouets Uttarrades Wt te eer-gece o te East diaCopay the woe rego was captu red by theBritsh . Moderday Uttar

rades saw the rse oportat reedo ghters o the atoa sce-ario al Bahad u r SastrJawahara Nehru St.Idi ra Gadh ad CharaSgh a re o y a ew o the

portat aes wopayed a sg icat role Idias reedo oveet Durig the days othe Brtish Epire testate was aed Uitedrovices i 1 935 This

was later cha ged to Uttarradesh 1 950 ater I-dia becae idepedet

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MlTe j Ml4� one of te most

��'VfU"·lbeutiful monu-

- ments in teworld is situted t Agr in UttrPrdes t ws built by te EmperorS Jn in memory of is belovedwife Mumt Ml e ml sbeen designted s UNESCO Worlderitge site

How would we desrie te geogry of Uttr des

ttar radesh s the ou rth largeststate of Ind a It is bounded by Nepal,Himachal radesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Mad hya radesh and B har. The

Gangetc lain occupies three qua rters o the state The entire alluva plan can be divded i nto th ree subregons the eastern, centra andwestern tracts. he Gangetic pain swatered by the Jam una, the Ganga,and ts major tributares. he Vndhya

Hi l l s and pateau n the southern partconsists of hard rock strata, wth avaried landscape of h ls, pla ns, vaeys and pateau. Uttar radesh canlay clam to be the o dest seat f ndias cuture and civization. Thefndings of the archaeologca exca

Fepu Sk

Al l thesebooks ae aboutUtta Padesh

vations from varous places o the state l n k Uttar

radesh to the early toneAge and Ha rappan era.

he classca danceKathak, folk arts lke BrajRasl a, Ramli la andCharkua a re very amousart forms of Uttar

radesh

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ptl okaastrcts 9Pncpl Lnguge engaiStte Bd ieToaed ingiseStte Anml Roya enga TigeStte Flower Nigoweing Jasmine

Kolk Hg CouWt t

t t Wt Bln the edc Age Bengl ws

clled ng' urng the Mhbhth peod ths re wsdvded nto smll kngdoms

nd pncpl tes ruled by cheftns Aound the 3century theMuryn nd the Gupts estb-l shed ther rule. The Pls estb-lshed the strong ule frombout800Atl the centuyer whch the Sens uled. In

th e begnnng of th e 3 centu-y Bengl becme pt of theDelhi Su ltanate  and  later  the 

Mughal Empire. 

States of India

he neness to the se lsosw mny foregners rechngthese shores the Portuguesethe utch the rench the nsh nd the Btsh The Btshultmtely cptued power nBengl In 905 they pttoned Bengl on the bss ofelgon Kolkt remned thecptl t l l 9 . In 947 whennd becme ndependentBengl ws prttoned be-tween Ind nd Pkstn nd's shre cme to be knowns West Beng l nd Pkstn's

shre ws cl led Est Pkstn

93

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Wy i Bgal o o iti ltal itag?

es engas cuure s dsngushed by s fesals mu-sc cnema drama and era-ure. eng he land of ankmChandra Rabndranah andAurobndo Wes engal s sado be he brh ace of modernIndan l eraure

The heare n enga daesback o 18 cenury Theareganed romnence durng hefreedom sruggle of Ind a hen

as used as a oo of exresson Grshchandra Ghosh Rab

ll I Ro Kolk

E Gs Sum

Roy sr hadur adal rcarhobha en and oumra Cha-erjeearesomeofheromnennames n enga heare When comes o conem orary cne-ma he mmense conrbuonof he grea engal drecorayaj Ray canno be gnored.Musc and dances are also ne-gral ars of he enga cu lure.The eole of engal are coseyassocaed h Rabndra an-

gee Rabndra Nrya Nayahch consss of songs andsongdance sequences com-osed by Tagore and NarulGee or songs by Ka Narul ls-lam. Folk dances and songs areaso oular. ankura's famed

handmade oery esecalyhe decoraed horse s a rad-onal cra The bgges fesaln he sae s Durga Pua.

Tel l Me Why

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Why is th ggrahy WstBgal a varid ?

est Benga sretches rm heHmaayas t the Bay Benga. Thestate s surrunded by he hee intenatna nters in the nrh,namey, Bhutan, Nepa, and Bangadesh. On its ntheast, es the geenvaey Assam On the eas iesBangadesh. B har es n he westensde. T the suthwest, es Orssa,

and the Bay Benga ies thesuh West Benga

West Benga , theere, es a vaiey gegraphica eaues. Thetae has the a uva p ai ns knwn asthe Dars n the suth, and hemunainus Hmaayan egin in

the nrth.The dense wded eginsn the Das have ich and vaeda and auna. The Mada egn, igated by he rive Mahananda cnsttutes he erte m d sectn.

The a uvia pans n he suth arethe basin the River Damda, as

How ge

No moePond OnyPuduchey!

knwn as the iver Bengas srrw The namewas cned ae a numbe

ds in the reginwere atbued he river. The the main riversare he Ganga and HgyThe distct 24 arganashas p stine rests knwnas he undarbans

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Nx u

Mvt w Stthe man movements today fo sepa

ate statehood ae the Teanganamovement, and the movement fo thesepaate state of Gokhaland The Telangana Movement efes to a move

ment to su ppot the ceaton of a newstate of Telangana fom the exstingstate of Andha adesh Fo moe than400 yeas, Telangana was pat of Hydeabad state. Teangana became apat of And ha adesh n 956

Gokhaland s the name gven to the

aea aound Daeelng and the Dooasn noth West Bengal. Duing the 1 980sSubash Ghsngh ased the demand fothe ceation of the county called

96

Gokha In 2008, a newpaty caled GokhaJanmukt Mocha hasased the demand foGokhaand once agan

Lakshadweepdoesn' have aakh o Isand

Te Me Why

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Chan d iga rhhe Union eitoy o

Chandigah is the 1lanned moden city oIndia.

Chandigah seves asthe joint caital o bothPunjab and Hayana.

D

Delhi is dieent omothe union teitoiesthat it was ceated by the

National Caital eitoyAct o 1 99, which maesit a National Caital teitoy o NC. Delhi has al-ways been a histoic cityin ancient medieval andmoden times.

Union Territories

Andaman and Nicobar Islands2 Chandgarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli4 Dama and Du

Lakshadweep Puducherry7 Delh ( Natona Capta Territory)

States Inda

IFIS ,

IS

It s our polcy to correct errors,

and present derng vews andclarcatons about the contentsn prevous ssues . lease send nyourfeedback mentonng thettle and page number

jaa ivedi a teachefom Mumbai has poited

out a eo i ou ebuayissue Evoutio he wites that o Page 6

it is give that the duc bi ledpatypus is a stage ooigbid' which is ot coect.he duc biled platypus is

cosideed as a mammal thatlays eggshe also povides a add-

o ifomatio a itea-tioa cosotium of scietists has decoded the ge-ome of the duc bi l led platy-pus his gee map poves

that patypus is pat bidmamma ad eptie

A aa lysis of the geomepublished i the joual Na-tue' ca hep scieti sts piecetogethe a moe completepictue of the evolutio of al l

mammals icudig humasank yo Anjana for yorvaa fack.

-Etor97

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I wnderwh ? q usti f t t

rent there many little things you have wondered about, but didnt know whom toask? end us your questions and we will gve you the fasinatng reasons behind theinredible mysteries of lfe

Wy s il i l vl ut ili t st

obably due to te at moecu es n mi k he at seaates

rom the tnner watey liqu idand as te wate n te mlkbos te steam ises and tsm k at layer moves u. You canevent te boiling ove oblem by lowerng te heat henmi k is boiled a mem banel ike

im contanng cream and casein s omed en mk begns to bol the eat enegy isused othe conversion owatento steam As a esult the essue below te lm nceasessuddenly and te rising bubbes o steam makes te milkovelow

e maor comonent o mi lks water (83%) Its oter consttuents ae roten (5%) sugar(5%) and at (7%). en eat

ed at being lgter tan waterloats as a creamy aye on teto and wate vaou in theorm o steam bubbles istaed under it. urter heat

ing results n te omation omore n umber o bubb es hesebubbles exand and l theceamy laye causng t to ove-ow In the case o water thesteam bubbes break as theyreach te suace. o bong

water does not overlow• uu

t's ouluk, i isoveflowing

MANORAA TELL W - STATES OF NDIA

Editor: Au Mahew Edior-inChage N.M Mohanan*

Prined and Pubished by V Sajeev George, on behalf ofM M Pubicaions Ld,PB No. Koayam - a M M Pubicaions Ld PB . No Koayam

and Maayaa Manorama Press, Koayam - and pbished omMM Publcaions Ld PB No Koayam -

* Responsibe for selecion of news nder he PR Ac

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Tiles pubished s ',

1 Soar Systm 23. Comut 45. World Cu Footbal2. ids 24. Egytian Cvizations 46 Anit G3 Invntions 25. 100 Grat Sintsts 47. Story o Fsts4. Oans 26. Contnts 48. Natura Wods5. Annt Wod 27. Rvoutons 49. Endangrd Animals6 Cikt 28. Great Medical Discoveries 50. 00 Grat Wts7 Animals 29. Th Moon 51 Roman Civiizaton

8. Pants 30. Grat Dsastrs 52. Poar Rgios9 Transortaton 3 . nsts 53. 100 Gat Pantrs10 00 Grat Evnts 32 Mtals 54. World Wars1 1 Th Eart 33. Mony 55. Mammas12 Communatio 34 Mythology 56. Parlamts13. Indian Hstory 35 Th Mughals 57. Rts14. Fstvals 36. Mountains 58. Grat Womn1 5. Wonds of th World 37. Uivrs 59. ost Civizatos

1 . Gat Exlors 38 Mystrs 60. Acent World's Commaders7. 100 Gat vs 39 Sos 6 Amibas8. Wathr 40 Dsass 62. Voaos9. Intenatona Organizaons 41 Amal haviour 63. Countrs oft World20. Dsrts 42 Watr . Hstoi asts2 . Waons 43. Wars 65 Evolutio

hi

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MAAMALL M WHY I 5 ·

KEREN// R R N KLKT/· KLRKTPP · ·cese t pst tt pepyet

You r chi d is rowin

up i n the mouse ae.

Br orld o

wodr worldo G O

An age in which even play is a del iberate ac ofgrowing up. n age in which the mouse payssupreme Yet, here are hings which he eectronic

ouse is not capable of

I cannot enjoy a sory read aoud or he nth ime;• run abou wih a jus-earnt rhyme on the lips• ge excited over a puzzle solved• spash coours an d yel wih joy

Where fanasy mergeswih reatime enjoymen& earningnd growing up