STATES OF STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESSCONSCIOUSNESS

Chapter 5Chapter 5

PSYCH IN THE NEWSPSYCH IN THE NEWS

Why would an esteemed Why would an esteemed university president jeopardize university president jeopardize his family’s comfortable upper-his family’s comfortable upper-

middle class life to grow middle class life to grow marijuana?marijuana?

PSYCH IN THE NEWSPSYCH IN THE NEWS

What is so alluring about What is so alluring about marijuana or drugs in marijuana or drugs in

general?general?

PSYCH IN THE NEWSPSYCH IN THE NEWS

Is marijuana as dangerous as Is marijuana as dangerous as some allege? some allege?

Does it have the benefits its Does it have the benefits its advocates claim?advocates claim?

PSYCH IN THE NEWSPSYCH IN THE NEWS

Why do some people try to Why do some people try to deliberately alter their ordinary deliberately alter their ordinary

state of consciousness?state of consciousness?

PSYCH IN THE NEWSPSYCH IN THE NEWS

What are 3 things you are What are 3 things you are interested in learning about interested in learning about

regarding states of regarding states of consciousness?consciousness?

WHICH STATE OF WHICH STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS?CONSCIOUSNESS?

Fully Aware (Waking Conscious)Fully Aware (Waking Conscious) HypnotizedHypnotized Asleep DreamingAsleep Dreaming Day DreamingDay Dreaming HallucinatingHallucinating MeditativeMeditative IntoxicatedIntoxicated

States of ConsciousnessStates of Consciousness WHAT IS IT?WHAT IS IT?

Can be altered deliberately or Can be altered deliberately or unintentionallyunintentionally

BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMSBIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS►►Periodic, fairly Periodic, fairly

regular ups and regular ups and downs in a downs in a biological systembiological system

►► Knowledge ofKnowledge of them can lead tothem can lead to more effectivemore effective timing of dailytiming of daily activities.activities.

FOR EXAMPLEFOR EXAMPLE

BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMSBIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS _________________________: Biological _________________________: Biological

rhythm that occurs approximately rhythm that occurs approximately every 24 hoursevery 24 hours

Regulated by the releaseRegulated by the releaseof __________________of __________________

BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMSBIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS Examples IncludeExamples Include

• Body TemperatureBody Temperature• Menstrual CycleMenstrual Cycle

THE BEST KNOWN CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IS THE

_________________________

_________________________

QUESTIONQUESTIONSince your circadian rhythms can Since your circadian rhythms can

be affected by your be affected by your environment…environment…

……What would happen if you were What would happen if you were removed from all sunlight, removed from all sunlight,

clocks, environmental sounds, clocks, environmental sounds, and all other time cues? Would and all other time cues? Would you still follow a 24 hour sleep-you still follow a 24 hour sleep-

wake cycle?wake cycle?

ANSWERANSWER Some people alter their “day” by Some people alter their “day” by

several hoursseveral hours

MOST MOST people, however, continue to people, however, continue to follow a ___________ day (or very follow a ___________ day (or very close to it)close to it)

DETAILED RESULTSDETAILED RESULTSEarly research in the 1960s and 1970s had concluded that Early research in the 1960s and 1970s had concluded that the natural “free-running” circadian period of human beings the natural “free-running” circadian period of human beings was around 25 hours, not the expected 24 hours. However, was around 25 hours, not the expected 24 hours. However, later research showed that these experiments were flawed, later research showed that these experiments were flawed, and that even the presence of electric lighting was enough to and that even the presence of electric lighting was enough to skew the results. It is now clear that, although individual skew the results. It is now clear that, although individual circadian periods do vary - ranging between 23.5 and 24.5 circadian periods do vary - ranging between 23.5 and 24.5 hours in humans - they have a mean of around 24.2 hours, hours in humans - they have a mean of around 24.2 hours, just slightly more than the Earth’s rotation. just slightly more than the Earth’s rotation. About 25% of About 25% of people have a circadian period which is people have a circadian period which is slightly less than the 24-hour day, and 75% slightly less than the 24-hour day, and 75% have a circadian period slightly more than 24 have a circadian period slightly more than 24 hours.hours.

Roosters know when to crow, even when removed from sunlight, based on circadian rhythms!

How Do Scientists Know?How Do Scientists Know?Cave StudiesCave Studies

Stefania Follini spent 4 months in a New Stefania Follini spent 4 months in a New Mexico cave, 30 feet underground. Her Mexico cave, 30 feet underground. Her only companions were a computer and only companions were a computer and

2 friendly mice. In the absence of 2 friendly mice. In the absence of clocks, natural light, or changes in clocks, natural light, or changes in

temperature, she tended to stay awake temperature, she tended to stay awake for 20-25 hours and then sleep for 10. for 20-25 hours and then sleep for 10.

Because her days were longer than Because her days were longer than usual, when she emerged she thought usual, when she emerged she thought

she had been in the cave for only 2 she had been in the cave for only 2 months.months.

HMMM?HMMM? Our biological rhythms follow a routine, Our biological rhythms follow a routine,

BUT it IS possible to throw your BUT it IS possible to throw your biological clock out of sync!biological clock out of sync!

_____________________________: Causes jet _____________________________: Causes jet lag whichlag whichaffects energy levels,affects energy levels,mental skills, andmental skills, andcoordinationcoordination

RecapRecap

RecapRecap1) __________ are biological rhythms that occur on 1) __________ are biological rhythms that occur on

a 24 hour cyclea 24 hour cycle

2) What chemical controls our circadian rhythms?2) What chemical controls our circadian rhythms?

3) The best-known circadian rhythm is the 3) The best-known circadian rhythm is the __________.__________.

4) What have cave studies shown (with the 4) What have cave studies shown (with the exception of Stefania Follini)?exception of Stefania Follini)?

5) Is it possible to desynchronize your circadian 5) Is it possible to desynchronize your circadian rhythms? Describe at least one way.rhythms? Describe at least one way.

LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING PICTURES…WHICH STATE OF PICTURES…WHICH STATE OF

CONSCIOUSNESS AM I?CONSCIOUSNESS AM I? WAKING CONSCIOUS STATE?WAKING CONSCIOUS STATE?

ALTERED STATE? (DELIBERATELY)ALTERED STATE? (DELIBERATELY)

SLEEP STATE?SLEEP STATE?

HOW CAN YOU TELL?HOW CAN YOU TELL?