Statement of Significance - Queensland · Statement of Significance Criterion A The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history Harris House

Statement of Significance Criterion A

The place is important indemonstrating the evolution orpat tern of Queensland'shistory

Harris House (c1912), a Federation-era villa residence, isimportant in demonstrating the development of Toowoomba as theprincipal urban centre of the Darling Downs region in the 20thcentury. During the late 19th and early 20th century, wealthymembers of society in the region established substantial homes inToowoomba, such as Harris House, reflecting their financial andsocial position.

Through its setting, form, scale, high quality design, materials andaesthetic treatment, Harris House illustrates the lifestyle ofToowoomba’s prosperous residents.

Criterion D

The place is important indemonstrating the principalcharacteristics of a particularclass of cultural places

Harris House is important in demonstrating the principalcharacteristics of a substantial, early-20th century suburban villaresidence. A single storey, masonry house in a garden setting,Harris House is a fine and intact example of its type, displayinghigh quality workmanship and materials, and retaining its formalplan, with entrance portico, hierarchical arrangement of generouslysized rooms, and surrounding verandah.

Harris House demonstrates the principal characteristics ofFederation-era domestic architecture, and is a good and highlyintact example of a masonry house in a Federation style inQueensland. Characteristics of this type include: its lowest form;asymmetrical plan with protruding bays and rooms; red face brickconstruction; complex roof form clad in terracotta tiles; elaborateverandah detailing; leadlight glazing to principal windows; and useof a wide variety of ornamental features derived from historicalstyles. The high quality interior finishes and fittings demonstratepopular contemporary materials and patterns, including a range ofpressed metal ceilings and cornices, glazed tiles, and the use of artnouveau-style motifs for ceilings, mantelpieces and leadlightglazing.

Criterion E

The p lace i s impor tan tbecause of i ts aesthet icsignificance

Harris House is important for the beautiful attributes of itscomposition and fine architectural quality. The symmetrical eastfaçade is a well-proportioned composition of formal buildingelements including bay windows, ornamental gables and a tallprojecting portico, which, in combination with the house’s elevationabove street level and substantial front staircase, creates animpressive entrance sequence. Rooms are formally arrangedaround a wide central passageway, which is dramatically lit by aroof lantern. Largely intact, the generously sized rooms and spacesretain high quality fittings and finishes, including timber joinery,decorative plasterwork, ornate mantelpieces and pressed metalceilings.

A grand, Federation style residence, Harris House is important forthe picturesque qualities of its form, materials and aesthetictreatment, including: its asymmetrical plan with complex roof formpunctuated by gables, chimneys and a roof lantern; use of

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Assessment of significance

Prepared by Heritage, Department of Environment and Science_03-Jul-2019 2

contrasting materials and colours, such as red face brick, terracottatiles and light coloured concrete; and its richly detailedornamentation. Visually prominent on its elevated corner site andframed by mature trees, views of Harris House from Clifford andMargaret streets are enhanced by its attractive garden setting.

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History Harris House, a substantial Federation-era masonry residence, located at 1 Clifford Street inthe regional city of Toowoomba, was constructed c1912, probably by its owner, Toowoombabuilding contractor Montague Ivory. It is important in demonstrating the development ofToowoomba as the principal urban centre of the Darling Downs region in the 20th century.Harris House also demonstrates the principal characteristics of a substantial early 20thcentury suburban villa residence and of Federation-era domestic architecture, and hasaesthetic significance for its beautiful attributes, picturesque qualities and streetscapecontribution. European settlement of the Toowoomba area, traditional country of the Giabal and Jarowairpeople, commenced in 1840 when squatters occupied pastoral runs on the Darling Downs.The small settlement of Drayton evolved from 1842, but was soon surpassed by a moredesirable location six kilometres to the northeast, known as Toowoomba from the 1850s.Better suited to market gardening, with a more reliable water supply, and supported bysquatters and land speculators, Toowoomba was incorporated as a municipality in 1860. Itsrapid economic and social development was influenced by local residents who stronglypromoted the prospects of the town, and political representatives who successfully lobbiedfor government funding for civic improvements.[1] Toowoomba expanded rapidly from the late 1860s, becoming the main urban centre of theDarling Downs by 1888. The arrival of the railway in 1867 secured the town's developmentand subsequently made it the hub for the Southern and Western railways. The Selection Act1868 brought selectors to the district, improvements to freehold estates, and revived tradewith western areas. Toowoomba’s economy diversified to include numerous small-scalemanufacturing firms, while the majority of administrative, service and other government andeducation functions for the surrounding region were established in the town.[2] Its progresswas reflected in improvements to the physical environment, through important capital worksprojects, including the draining of its swamps, improved water supply, gasworks for lighting,extensive tree plantings and the initial development of Queen's Park. Earlier temporarystructures were replaced with more permanent and impressive buildings.[3] Toowoomba experienced an urban land boom throughout the 1870s and 1880s. Newtown,its first working-class suburb, was created in the 1880s, while speculators extended the‘shopkeepers’ residential areas to the north east of Ruthven, Russell and Margaret Streets,the commercial core of the town. Prosperous Darling Downs landowners, business-ownersand professionals established residences in Toowoomba; and from the 1880s, the townacted as a summer resort for those seeking a cooler climate, including QueenslandGovernors.[4] By the turn of the 20th century, Toowoomba had outstripped the development of every otherurban centre on the Darling Downs, with its population in 1901 equalling their combinedpopulations. After the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, Toowoomba became theTown of Toowoomba on 31 March 1903, and on 29 October 1904 was proclaimed the City ofToowoomba.[5] The 1910s were a period of commercial and social expansion for the newcity.[6] The land on which Harris House stands was purchased from the New South Walesgovernment in 1852 by ex-convict and Bull’s Head Inn publican William Horton, as part of anapproximately 32 acre [13ha] block.[7] Horton became Toowoomba’s ‘first, largest and mosteager purchaser of land’.[8] In 1868, he sold the block to pastoralist and parliamentarianJames Taylor, who was a major Toowoomba land speculator and advocate. FollowingTaylor’s demise in 1892, approximately 17.5 acres [7ha] of this land, bounded by Clifford,Margaret, West, and Hill Streets, was subdivided into 64 x 40 perch [1000sqm] allotments in

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1899. John Hugh Munro purchased subdivisions 1 to 3 of this estate, the site of HarrisHouse, but subsequently sold the land in 1909 to Toowoomba building contractor, MontagueIvory.[9] Earlier that year, Ivory had purchased adjoining allotments 4 and 5, while allotments6 to 8 had been purchased in his wife’s name.[10] Ivory was residing in Toowoomba and working as a building contractor by 1901.[11] Born in1861, he moved from Sydney to the Warrego region in Queensland c1892.[12] He lived inCharleville from about 1893, where he was a tobacconist and the treasurer of the CharlevilleBranch of the AWU, until c1900.[13] Ivory’s work as a building contractor in Toowoomba and Warwick during the first twodecades of the 20th century included regionally important projects. In Toowoomba, heconstructed a 75ft [23m] brick chimney stack at Perkins & Co. Brewery, Margaret St (1901)an additional storey on the Fire Brigade Building in Neil Street (1906); two additional wingsfor Crawford’s Freemason’s Hotel on the corner of Neil and Herries Streets (1906); andcompleted extensive alterations and additions to W Jones & Son’s malt house at Black Gullyin Toowoomba in 1907 [QHR600852 Toowoomba Maltings].[14] In 1908, Ivory won thetender for additions and alterations to the Toowoomba Post and Telegraph Office.[15] During1910-11 Ivory resided in Warwick for 12 months, constructing a brick department store forMessrs Barnes & Co [QHR 600956 Barnes and Co. Trading Place], before departing thetown in March 1911.[16] By 1913, Ivory was living in Harris House on the western corner of Clifford and MargaretStreets (1 Clifford Street) and remained there until c1919, when the house was sold.[17] Thedesigner and builder of the house are not known, but considering Ivory’s role in the buildingindustry, it is believed he built the house for himself, as well as the adjacent houses at 3Clifford Street and 256 Margaret Street. In 1919, Ivory reconfigured the allotments thatcomprised 1 and 3 Clifford Street to create three allotments, including an allotment to thewest, which became 256 Margaret Street.[18] Harris House was designed in an ornate style characteristic of the Federation-era.Federation style is a broad term used to describe the dominant style of Australia’s domesticarchitecture during the late 19th and early 20th century. This eclectic and highly decorativestyle, influenced by contemporary British and American examples, drew inspiration from avariety of historical styles, but most notably from Tudor or ‘Old English’ rural architecture.Sometimes described as ‘Queen Anne’ style, and more decorative than the concurrent ‘Artsand Crafts’ style, which focussed on honest expression of function and truthful use ofmaterials, Federation style was used most extensively in New South Wales and Victoria. Thetypical Federation villa residence was a free-standing, single storeyed bungalow set within agenerous garden. It had red face brick walls, with a complex roof form of hips and projectinggables, clad in terracotta Marseilles tiles, and often punctuated by picturesque chimneys.Floor plans were asymmetrical with protruding rooms, bays or towers, and the exteriors wereenlivened by a wide variety of window types and shapes, and elaborate verandah detailing.Gable ends were decorated with timber and stucco ornament, and leadlight windowsdisplayed coloured glass in flowing patterns, demonstrating the growing influence of ArtNouveau on decorative details. Regional variations of the style occurred, due to factors suchas localised building traditions, the availability of building materials and individual tastes. InQueensland, the style was often applied to traditional timber houses with corrugated ironroofs, influencing their roof forms, timber verandah detailing and other ornamentation. Non-domestic buildings too, at this time, adopted an eclectic ‘Free Style’ of architecture thatcombined elements and details from classical, Romanesque, Art Nouveau, Queen Anne andArts and Crafts styles, and utilised visually contrasting materials such as dark brick and lightstone or stucco.[19] Harris House was a substantial, red face brick, single storey villa residence with a terracotta

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Marseilles tile-clad roof featuring multiple gables, three chimneys and a central roof lantern.It was elevated by an earth embankment above street level and its front verandah wasaccessed by wide staircase that led to a tall, gabled entrance portico. The exterior washighly ornamented with concrete mouldings that contrasted with the red brick walls, includingquoins to wall corners, pilasters framing a pair of bay windows, and scrolled brackets toeaves and overhangs. The formal floor plan located principal rooms at the front (east) end ofthe house, accessed by a wide central passageway lit by the roof lantern, and service roomsat the rear (west). A rear entrance landing and laundry were, at some early stage, built upagainst the southwest corner of the house. In addition to the lantern, daylight to the centreand south-western parts of the house was maximised by high windows in the south and westwalls, and glazed fanlights to all doors.[20] The principal rooms were given high qualityfinishes and materials in popular contemporary materials and patterns. Surviving original orearly features include plaster walls, timber floors and joinery, a variety of Wunderlichpressed metal ceilings and cornices, fireplaces with vibrant glazed tiles and ornate timbermantlepieces, leadlight windows with Art Nouveau-style patterns, and semi-circular archeswith plasterwork ornamentation in the central passageway.[21] In 1919, Mary Kelly, wife of medical practitioner, Arthur F Kelly, purchased Harris House.[22]The house was known as ‘Cliffordene’ by the time the Kellys sold it in October 1921. Thepurchaser was John Mitchell Harris, who had recently married for the second time, toMalvena Sears.[23] Harris, born c1862, arrived in Australia from Scotland in the late 1880s.[24] By 1893, heowned a residence in Mary Street, Gympie.[25] He was residing in Winton at the time of hisfirst marriage in 1895.[26] In 1897, he was working as a journalist in Winton, while in 1898he was the proprietor of the Winton Herald newspaper.[27] Between about October 1901and 1905, Harris resided in Cairns, working as the manager of the drapery department ofBurns Philp & Co, and travelling widely in North Queensland.[28] In April 1906, Harrispurchased GP Merry’s drapery located in the Alexandra Building on Ruthven Street,Toowoomba. He built the business into one of the largest draperies on the Darling Downs,occupying the northern shop from 1906 until c1935.[29] He was a member of theQueensland Turf Club, Tattersall's Turf Club, and the Toowoomba Turf Club, and also a lifemember of the Toowoomba Royal Agricultural Society. Harris died on 12 July 1933 atSandgate, aged about 71 years. He was survived by his widow and daughter, Neva (born1925).[30] It is unknown if Harris made any major alterations to Harris House during his residencethere, but by 1934 a bathroom with shower and indoor WC had been constructed on thesouth verandah.[31] The grounds of Harris House were well established by the 1930s andcontained a number of features. A pre-1934 sewerage detail plan of the property shows thatan earth embankment ran around the north, east and south sides of the house. A widepathway led straight to the main entrance stairs from Clifford Street, and two smaller, parallelpathways led south from a Margaret Street entrance, past the rear of the house. A fernerywas located in the northwest corner of the grounds and a garage and earth closet in thesouthwest corner. A driveway to the garage ran along the southern boundary.[32] Following Harris’ death, the executors of his estate approved additions and alterations toHarris House to create a flat on the north side of the house. Architect William Hodgen drewup the plans in May 1934 and the work commenced on 26 November that year. By 24January 1935, contractor George Conrad Strohfeldt had completed the changes, for a costof £279.10, and the house had been repainted by his brother, Henry Martin Strohfeldt, for£24.10.[33] The flat occupied the original sitting room and dining room, which were linked by a newsleep-out built on the north verandah. The sleep-out was carefully detailed to preserve the

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existing verandah structure and balustrade, and featured arched leadlight panels abovebanks of casement windows. A section of verandah adjacent to the west side of the diningroom was demolished, and a timber, skillion-roofed structure built in its place, containing adining room, kitchenette and bathroom. This addition was clad in timber chamferboards andhad V-jointed (VJ) board and flat sheet linings. A door was inserted to link the flat’s diningroom with the service rooms of the original house, and a second laundry was created bydividing off part of the existing laundry.[34] The flat was tenanted by April 1935, when Mrs Cowan and her daughter, of Stanthorpe,were reported as having rented Mrs J M Harris's flat in Clifford Street. The flat was availablefor rental again in November 1938 when Mr and Mrs Harold Walsh stayed in the flat ‘forsome weeks’ holiday in Toowoomba’.[35] Mrs Harris continued to reside at 1 Clifford Streetuntil c1984. She passed away in 1988.[36] Aerial photographs show that by 1946 the gardens contained a dense grouping of trees andplantings in the northwest corner (in the vicinity of the fernery) and three mature Atlas cedars(Cedrus atlantica), along the Margaret Street boundary.[37] For a number of years leading up to 1990, the house was unoccupied and required repairsto cracked internal walls. Its picket fence had been removed and replaced with a metalfence.[38] In March 1991 plans were drawn by Anthony Kibble & Associates Architects to convert theresidence into multi-tenancy offices. Alterations and additions included: a new bitumendriveway and carpark in the southwest corner of the grounds; the replacement of theverandah rooms, laundry and landings along the south and west sides of the house with aconcrete verandah matching the existing front verandah; installation of toilets and akitchenette; removal of the 1935 sleepout on the north verandah; relocation of the windowsfrom the sleepout to the rear 1935 rooms; removal of the bathroom and kitchenette in the1935 rooms; and other repairs and renovations, including painting the exterior.[39] On 15 October 1994, after completion of these alterations, the Honourable Mr Justice JohnHarris Byrne RFD, grandson of John Mitchell Harris, opened 1 Clifford Street as HarrisHouse. A brass plaque adjacent to the front door commemorates the official opening. Thebuilding served as offices in subsequent years. After the death of its owner, Neva Byrne, nee Harris, on 14 August 2014, the house wasgifted to the National Trust of Australia (Queensland) (NTAQ).[40] By the end of May 2019,the NTAQ had retiled the roof, painted the building’s exterior, and plastered and painted theinterior for use as offices and meeting rooms.[41] In 2019, Harris House is no longer a private residence, but retains a high degree ofintactness. Its garden includes pathways and remnant mature trees. It is a good example ofa substantial early 20th century suburban villa residence from the Federation era, whichreflects the wealth and status of the major city of Toowoomba. Description Harris House is a substantial, single storey villa residence in a Federation-era style. Itoccupies a prominent 0.19ha site on the corner of Margaret and Clifford streets, locatedwithin a mixed residential and commercial area on the western side of the Toowoombacentral business district. Facing Clifford Street to the east, the house is elevated abovestreet level and a wide staircase leads to the main entrance. The house is set withinestablished gardens containing mature trees. In 2019 the property is undergoing repairs andrenovations.

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House (c1912, with 1935 and 1994 additions) The single storey house is of red face brick construction with a tiled roof, central roof lantern,and wide verandahs around most of its perimeter. The front (east) elevation is the mostornate, with a tall entrance portico the dominant feature. Rectangular bay windows aresymmetrically placed on either side of the main entrance door, which has a glazed surround.The red face brick contrasts with extensive concrete elements and ornamentation. The rooms are arranged in a hierarchy with principal rooms in the front (east) section of thehouse, and service rooms in the rear (west) section. The front section contains four rooms,an entrance vestibule, a wide central passageway lit by the roof lantern, and a side passageleading to a south entrance door. Rooms on the south side of the central passageway werelikely to have been bedrooms. The northeast corner room was likely a sitting or drawingroom, with the dining room adjacent. The rear section contains a central passageway that leads to a west entrance door, with theoriginal kitchen and a third bedroom on the south side. Former storage/servants rooms onthe north side of the passageway are fitted out as toilets and a kitchenette (1994). A skillion-roofed, timber-clad addition in the northwest corner of the house (1935) contains twointerconnected rooms. Features of state-level cultural heritage significance also include: Exterior · Concrete foundations · Double face brick exterior walls with pale tuck pointing · Timber-framed roof clad in terracotta Marseilles tiles with decorative finials and ridgecapping (replaced with new tiles in 2019 in similar profiles) · Complex roof form, including paired hipped ends; a north-facing gable over the diningroom; two matching east-facing gables; a projecting gable-roofed portico over the mainentrance; a square central roof lantern; and separate skillion verandah roofs · Roof lantern, including: timber framing; ogee roof form; corrugated metal sheetcladding; pyramid-roofed ventilation fleche supported by four small columns; four-light,timber-framed windows; and pressed metal internal linings · Face brick chimneys with arched caps · Concrete exterior ornamentation, including: roughcast render finish to portico, gablesand verandah arches; a variety of mouldings; star and swag details to principal gables;scrolled brackets; moulded quoins at wall corners; and classical-style pilasters framing thebay windows · Timber dentil bargeboard mouldings · Concrete door and window lintels · Timber, six-panel front door with timber moulding ornamentation, brass hardwareincluding knocker, round handle and lock, and a timber finger plate · Leadlight side panels and fanlight to the front door, featuring multi-coloured stylisedbirds on a clear oval background within a grid of green glass · Leadlight side panels to principal windows, featuring multi-coloured floral, leaf andheart motifs on a background of green and clear glass in a grid pattern · Original and early timber-framed windows, including: double-hung sash windows; two-light casement windows with two-light fanlight to the kitchen; and high-level windows in south

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and west walls · Original and early window hardware · Metal window hood over pair of windows in the north wall, including perforated metalfringe and two ornamental gables infilled with pressed metal · Verandahs to the northeast, east and southeast sides, including: timber floor; concretebalustrade with round balusters; tapered, square concrete verandah posts; arched concreteverandah beams; and coved ceiling lined with V-jointed (VJ) timber boards and edged withtimber mouldings · Main entrance stairs, including concrete balustrade · Evidence in the external brickwork of pre-1935 structures built against the southwestcorner of the house, including traces of paint, wall and ceiling lines and weathering Interior · Concrete internal partitions · Single-skin timber partitions lined with VJ boards in the western passageway andkitchenette · Clear-finished timber board floors · Plaster walls with rounded corners · Timber joinery, including: wide moulded skirting boards to principal rooms; narrowermoulded skirting boards to service rooms; moulded architraves, picture rails and dado rails;low-waisted, four-panel doors, some with timber finger plates; framed timber board door torear (west) entrance door; part-glazed doors with coloured, figured glass panes; andrectangular, horizontally centre-pivoting fanlights with figured glass · Original and early door hardware, including round timber handles · Semi-circular arches to the central passageway with plasterwork ornamentation · Arched openings to bay windows with plasterwork ornamentation · High ceilings lined with pressed metal in a variety of patterns that show the hierarchyof rooms, including: bold, large-scale geometric or floral patterns to ceilings in principalrooms, the entrance hall, central passageway and the roof lantern; detailed cornices andborders to principal rooms, particularly the dining room; round ceiling ventilation panels withsix-pointed star detail; and plainer, finer-grained patterned ceilings, borders and cornices toservice rooms and other spaces. · Traces of early paint schemes on walls and pressed metal ceilings and cornices · Arched openings to bay windows, with Classical-style plasterwork ornamentation · Corner fireplace to Main Bedroom, with an oak mantelpiece featuring a small inbuiltcabinet with an art nouveau-style motif carved into the door; an arched cast iron fireplaceinsert; and glazed tile-clad hearth · Fireplace to the Sitting Room, with timber mantelpiece and surround; square cast ironfireplace insert; glazed tiles with a poppy flower pattern; and a glazed tile-clad hearth · Fireplace to the Dining Room, with timber mantelpiece, cast iron fireplace, and blueglazed tiles cladding the surround and hearth. · Surviving Kitchen features, including a cast iron cooking range, tiled hearth, andglazed wall tiles (tiles on the wall in the southeast corner indicate the location of a formersink)

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· Ceiling mounted cords/pulls to operate lights · A wall mounted gas light fitting in the rear (west) passageway, and circular wall mounts(fittings removed) in other locations · Remnants of an early bell system · Early fringed velvet pelmets to windows and doors in principal rooms 1935 addition · Timber-framed, skillion-roofed form · Brick piers · Timber chamferboard cladding · Timber floor and joinery, including lambs tongue-profile timber skirtings · Part-glazed, panelled door and rectangular fanlight to the kitchenette, glazed with clearpatterned glass · Timber VJ board-lined walls with picture rail and narrow shelf · Flat sheet ceiling linings with batten cover strips · Two sets of relocated windows within arched frames, containing leadlight panels abovethree-light casement windows with figured glass Elements not of state-level cultural heritage significance include: non-original paint colourschemes; the 1994 verandah addition along the west side and western end of the southside; modern gutters and downpipes; tiles cladding the main entrance stairs; verandah floortiles in front of the main entrance door; modern timber reproduction doors and windows; tileddado in the entrance vestibule and central passageway; mirrors; modern light fittings; thekitchenette and toilet fit-outs; air-conditioning units; and modern carpet and other floorcoverings. Grounds and views Harris House is set back from Clifford and Margaret streets, and surrounded by gardens onthe east, north and northwest sides. The gardens contain a number of large, mature trees,open lawns and garden beds. The location of some early pathways has been retained, nowformed by modern materials. The house’s elevation above street level and corner locationmake it a prominent feature of the streetscape. Features of state-level cultural heritage significance also include: · Views of the house from Margaret and Clifford streets · Open, garden setting surrounding the house · Sloped earth embankment surrounding the eastern end of the house · Location of the pathway from Clifford Street to the main entrance stairs · Location of the steps and brick pathway from Margaret Street to the west verandah · Three large, mature Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) trees along the Margaret Streetboundary · A large, mature Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) on the eastern lawn · A mature bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.) near the northwest corner of the house · A mature mulberry tree (Morus sp.) near the centre of the western boundary fence Grounds elements not of state-level cultural heritage significance include: fences along the

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Margaret and Clifford Street boundaries; modern signs, lights and pathways; the entrancedriveway and carpark, and recent trees, plantings and structures. Non-significant features within the road reserve include: a street tree along Margaret Street,the footpath, road surface, kerb, signs, power poles, and all other services and roadinfrastructure.

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Illustrations

Figure 3: Northeast corner of Harris House (Queensland Government, 2019)

Figure 4: Southwest (rear) corner of Harris House (Queensland Government, 2019)

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Figure 5: North (Margaret Street) elevation of Harris House (Queensland Government, 2019)

Figure 6: Front door with leadlight glazing (QueenslandGovernment, 2019)

Figure 7: Central passageway lit by the roof lantern(Queensland Government, 2019)

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Figure 8: Dining room fireplace featuring glazed tiles (Queensland Government, 2019)

Figure 9: Sitting room fireplace and glazing (Queensland Government, 2019)

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Figure 10: Pressed metal ceiling in the sitting room (Queensland Government, 2019)

Figure 11: Mature bougainvillea and Atlas cedars along the Margaret Street boundary (Queensland Government, 2019)

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Figure 12: View of Harris House from Clifford Street (Queensland Government, 2019)

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Proposed heritage register boundary The heritage boundary encompasses all of Lot 1/SP102795 and part of Margaret StreetRoad Reserve.

Figure 13: Harris House boundary map 1 (Queensland Government, 2019)

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Figure 14: Harris House boundary map 2 (Queensland Government, 2019)

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References [1] Maurice French and Duncan Waterson, The Darling Downs: A Pictorial History 1850-1950, Darling Downs Institute Press, Toowoomba, 1982, p. 130. [2] DB Waterson, Squatter, Selector, and Storekeeper: A History of the Darling Downs,1859-93, p., Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1968, p. 81; Queensland Heritage Register(QHR) 602824 Toowoomba South SS; French and Waterson, The Darling Downs: APictorial History, p. 111; W Frederic Morrison, Aldine History of Queensland, Illustrated,embracing sketches and portraits of her noted people; the rise and progress of her variedenterprises, and illustrations of her boundless wealth, together with maps of latest survey,vol II, The Aldine Publishing Company, Sydney, 1888, p. 558. [3] French and Waterson, The Darling Downs: A Pictorial History, pp. 130-1; Ivan McDonaldArchitects in association with Mark Baker Town Planning Consultants Pty Ltd, 2001,Toowoomba City Centre Heritage Study, pp. 13-5 cited by QHR602824 Toowoomba SouthSS. [4] French and Waterson, The Darling Downs: A Pictorial History, pp. 130-1; QHR: 600854Smithfield House; 600869 Concordia College Administration Centre; 600850 Gabbinbar;600870 Weetwood; 600845 Bishop’s House. [5] French and Waterson, The Darling Downs: A Pictorial History, pp. 130-1. [6] QHR 600845 Bishop’s House. [7] New South Wales Deed of Grant dated 5 Jan 1852 cited by Department of NaturalResources Mines and Energy (DNRME), Certificate of Title [CoT] 11415025. [8] Maurice French, Pubs, Ploughs and ‘Peculiar People’: Towns, Farms and Social Life,University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 1991, p. 31. [9] DNRME: CoT 10125205; CoT 10923020; Survey Plan 16249; and CoT 10957086. [10] DNRME: CoT 10957086; CoT11007189. [11] NTAQ, Harris House file, TOOW 1/120, Toowoomba Historical Society notes onCliffordene, 1 Clifford Street, also Harris House notes by Beris Broderick from NTQ HarrisHouse file. [12] Evening News, [Sydney], 15 Dec 1891, p. 6; Queensland Electoral Rolls, Warrego, 1891and 1900. [13] Evening News, [Sydney], 15 Dec 1891, p. 6; Queensland Electoral Rolls, Warrego,1891; Queensland Electoral Roll, Warrego, 1893; Worker, 28 Jan 1899, p. 11; WesternChampion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts (WC&GA), 28 Feb 1899,p. 5; Watson and McKay, A Directory of Queensland Architects to 1940, p. 114; QueenslandElectoral Roll, Warrego, 1900 cited by applicant; Worker, 28 Jan 1899, p. 11. [14] ‘Local and General News’, Toowoomba Chronicle & Darling Downs Gazette andAdvertiser (TC&DDGA), 14 Sep 1901, p. 3; ‘Toowoomba & District’, Brisbane Courier (BC),8 Mar 1906, p. 6; ‘Crawford’s Freemason’s Hotel’, Darling Downs Gazette (DDG), 24 Jul1906, p. 5; ‘Toowoomba & District’, BC, 5 Oct 1906, p. 2; University of Queensland FryerLibrary, W Hodgen collection, UQFL116, Manuscript Finding Aid: Item A583 Alterations tobath rooms and lavatories, and sewerage connections at Fire Station, Neil Street for theToowoomba Fire Brigade Board, 19 Oct 1930, Job 587. [15] Toowoomba & District’, BC, 6 Oct 1908, p. 2. [16] ‘Barnes & Co’s New Trade Palace’, Warwick Examiner & Times (WE&T), 28 Jan 1911,p. 2; DDG, 27 Mar 1911, p. 8; Queensland Figaro, 6 Apr 1911, p. 17; QHR 600956 Barnesand Co. Trading Place. In 1923-24, Ivory designed the Queensland Brewery Ltd’s new four-storey brewery in Toowoomba after it took over Breheny Brewery. See: ‘Trade and Finance’, BC, 23 Feb 1923, p. 3; ‘Confidence in Toowoomba’, TC&DDG, 12 Apr 1924, p. 6; and‘Queensland Brewery’, TC&DDG, 3 Dec 1924, p. 7. [17] Queensland Post Office Directory (QPOD), 1913-20. [18] DNRME, Survey Plan RP16250. 3 Clifford Street was sold in 1920 and the purchaser

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was listed in the QPOD as resident in the house in the same year; while 256 Margaret Streetwas sold in 1924 and its new owner listed as resident in the QPOD, 1924. [19] Richard Apperley, Robert Irving and Peter Reynolds, A Pictorial Guide to IdentifyingAustralian Architecture, Sydney: Angus & Robertson in association with Mead & Beckett,1989, pp.132-43; Trevor Howells and Michael Nicholson, Towards the Dawn: FederationArchitecture in Australia 1890-1915, Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1989, pp.13-20, 108-27; IanEvans, The Federation House: a Restoration Guide, Glebe, N.S.W.: Flannel Flower Press,1986, pp.8-15, 31, 40-44, 51-53, 131-133; QHR 600283, Normanby Hotel. [20] Sewerage Detail Plan No.16, dated 15/9/11 (with later amendments), Toowoomba LocalHistory Library collection, Toowoomba City Library; UQFL116 W Hodgen & HodgenCollection, Series 116-J, Job C10, plan of Additions and Alterations Residence Margaret St,19 May 1934; UQFL116, Series 116-A, Box 8, Item A678 ‘Specification of Alterations andAdditions at Residence Corner of Margaret and Clifford Streets, Toowoomba for theExecutors in the Estate of the Late J.M. Harris Esq.’. [21] Evans, The Federation House, pp.51-130; Catalogues of Wunderlich pressed metalpatterns, accessed through the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences online collection<https://collection.maas.museum/>, accessed May 2019, including ‘Abridged GeneralCatalogue of Metal Ceilings, Wall Linings and Stamped Metal for Exterior and InteriorDecoration’, Wunderlich Limited, Redfern, New South Wales, Australia, September 1912,pp.16, 53-54; Analysis of comparable features between Harris House and 3 Clifford Street,which were both built by Ivory and share a similar plan. [22]DNRME, CoT 11415027. In 1920, Ivory also sold his property at 3 Clifford Street toCharlotte Isabella Rutledge, wife of Frank H Rutledge, Rutledge was listed as resident in thishouse (Carwoola) in the QPOD, 1924. Ivory resided at addresses in Margaret Street aftersale of 1 Clifford Street. Ivory appears to be living at 256 Mary Street according to the QPOD, 1920, p. 427, but by 1923 he was living further west on Margaret Street at the housecalled ‘Ias-To-Ne’. 256 Mary Street was sold to James Brown, Medical Practitioner inFebruary 1924.[see QPOD, 1923, p. 454 and DNRME, CoT 11415025.]– see: QPOD, 1920,p. 427; QPOD, 1921, Alpha listing, p. 715; QPOD, 1923, p. 454; QPOD, 1924, p. 474; QPOD, 1925, p. 482. [23] 'Bennett & Co's Sales’, DDG, 31 Oct 1921, p. 7; DNRME, CoT 11415027; ‘FamilyNotices’, Toowoomba Chronicle (TC), 3 Jun 1920, p. 2. Harris’ first wife had died in Feb1911 (see DDG, 1 June 1911, p. 4). Harris married Malvena Sears on 21 May 1920 (see:Queensland historical marriage index). The 1923 edition of the QPOD is the first to recordthe name ‘Cliffordene’ for this house. [24] NTAQ, file TOOW 1/120, notes from interview of Malvena Harris by Beris Broderick;Queensland Electoral Roll, Cairns, 1903. [25] Queensland Electoral Roll, Gympie, 1893, 1895, 1900. [26] BC, 20 Sep 1895, p. 6. [27] Queensland Electoral Roll, Gregory, 1897 cited by applicant; NTAQ file TOOW 1/120,Mary Rafferty, Toowoomba Historical Society notes, p. 1; Capricornian, 3 Sep 1898, p. 19. [28] The Week, 25 Apr 1902, p. 9; North Queensland (NQ) Register, 5 May 1902, p. 25; NQRegister, 1 Sep 1902, p. 26; Telegraph, 29 Aug 1902, p. 8; Morning Post, 28 Aug 1903, p. 2; Morning Post, 23 Sep 1904, p. 2; NQ Register, 21 Nov 1904, p. 12; Morning Post, 30 Jan1905, p. 2; Morning Post, 20 October 1905, p. 2; Telegraph, 9 Nov 1905, p. 8; DDG, 23 Mar1906, p. 6. [29] DDG, 21 Apr 1906, p. 4; Telegraph, 5 Apr 1906, p. 8; QHR 601317 Alexandra Building,Toowoomba. [30] BC, 13 Jul 1933, p. 5; TC, 13 Jul 1933, p. 6; NTAQ File, TOOW 1/120, notes by BerisBroderick. [31] UQFL116, Series 116-J, Job C10, plan of Additions and Alterations Residence MargaretSt, 19 May 1934; UQFL116, Series 116-A, Box 8, Item A678 ‘Specification’

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[32] Sewerage Detail Plan No.16, dated 15/9/11 (with later amendments), Toowoomba LocalHistory Library collection, Toowoomba City Library; [33] Fryer Library, UQFL116: Series 116-J, Job C10, plan of Additions and AlterationsResidence Margaret St, 19 May 1934; UQFL116, Series 116-A, Box 8, Item A678‘Specification’; UQFL116, Series 116-B, Box 19: Letter from W Hodgen to W Brose; Letterfrom W Hodgen to H M Strohfeldt, 2 Nov 1934; Letter from W Hodgen to Mrs J M Harris, 12Nov 1934; Letter from W Hodgen to the Executors in the Estate of the late J M Harris, 24Jan 1934. [34] UQFL116, Series 116-J, Job C10, plan of Additions and Alterations Residence MargaretSt, 19 May 1934; UQFL116, Series 116-A, Box 8, Item A678 ‘Specification’. [35] The Courier-Mail (CM), 20 April 1935, p. 18; CM, 15 November 1938, p. 2. [36] Telegraph: 22 Jun 1938, p. 19, 28 Sep 1946, p. 4; Queensland Electoral Roll, DarlingDowns Division, Toowoomba subdivision, p. 70. QPOD, 1938, p. 626; SLQ, QueenslandElectoral Roll: 1954 Division Darling Downs, Subdivision Toowoomba; 1964 Division DarlingDowns, Subdivision Toowoomba South; 1974 Seat of Darling Downs, SubdivisionToowoomba North; 1984 Seat of Groom, Subdivision Toowoomba. [37] 1946 aer ia l photo, accessed through TR Imagery Discovery Por ta l<https://maps.tr.qld.gov.au/WAB/IDP/>, accessed May 2019. [38] NTAQ, Harris House file, TOOW 1/120: Letter from Beris Broderick, Chairman, NationalTrust of Queensland to Leon Misfeld, Administrator, NTQ, 20 Mar 1990. [39] Plans of ‘Proposed Extension & Alterations to ‘Cliffordene’, Anthony Kibble & AssociatesArchitects, Toowoomba, March 1991, copies provided to DES by NTAQ. [40] Application HRN6502327. [41] NTAQ Toowoomba Branch e-newsletter, 30 May 2019; Stephanie Keays, architect, Pers. Comm., 4 Jun 2019.

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Documents

Statement of Significance - Queensland · Statement of Significance Criterion A The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history Harris House