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State/Country- an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs
Nation- group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
ex. the Cherokee Nation, the Kurds, Inuit of Canada
Nation-State- when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
ex. Poland, Bangladesh
1) Population
2) Sovereignty
*freedom & power to decide on politics & actions
3) clearly defined territory
Size
*historically size was a measure of a country’s pride,
*Microstate- a country so small you can walk across it in a day
Shape
*compact nation- land areas not separated by large bodies of water or by territory of other countries
ex. Nigeria, Poland
*fragmented nation- nations that have land areas that are geographically separated from other parts of the country
ex. United States, New Zealand
Location- relative location is important
*landlocked- surrounded by land with no sea/ocean coastline
*coastline- brings trade
*hostile neighboring countries can limit economic potential
Boundaries- sets the limit of the territory
*Natural Boundaries- border based on a physical features such as rivers, lakes, or mountain chains
*Artificial Boundaries- a fixed line generally following a line of latitude or longitude
-border can be the result of a war or treaty agreement
4) a government
*Democracy- rule by the people
-constitutional monarchy- very limited power and role is symbolic
*Monarchy-monarch has the power, position is usually inherited
*Dictatorship- one person or group has control
*Communism- government and economic system in which the government owns and controls everything in the name of the people
5) economy- where the $ comes from, the production and exchange of goods and services
Market Economy (capitalism, free-enterprise system)- individuals and private corporations own most of the businesses, government has some regulations
Command Economy (communism, planned economy)- government owns almost all the businesses and controls the entire economy
Mixed economy (socialism)- government owns some or parts of businesses for the benefit of the people and individuals maintain basic right as consumers
Traditional economy (barter)- customs, habits, laws, & religion form the basis of economic activity goods and services still produced the same way for centuries agriculture is the main activity; trade is primary means of getting goods and services
6) recognition
A country must be officially recognized to be considered a country. Usually it is the United Nations.
4 levels of Economic Activity
1. Primary- gathering the raw materials for the making of finished products
2. Secondary- using the raw materials to make finished materials
3. Tertiary- service industries
4. Quaternary- providing information, management, and research services by highly trained persons
A large developed country will have all 4 levels of activities. A smaller developed country will not have much (if any) Primary Activities
Renewable- replaceable resources in a reasonable amount of time such as trees, soil, water, or seafood
Non-renewable- resources that cannot be replaced such as gold, iron, gemstones, oil, or natural gas
Inexhaustible energy sources- unlimited quantity such as wind, sunlight, or geothermal heat.
Per capita income- average amount of money earned by each person, the higher the income the better off the country is.
highest- Luxembourg $44,000
2nd place- US $ 37, 600
lowest- East Timor $500
GNP (gross national product)- total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year
GDP (gross domestic product)- total value of all goods and services produced WITHIN a country in a year
highest- US $ 10,400,000,000,000
lowest- Tokelau $1,500,000
Film Questions
• What are subsistent needs?• What are factors determining economic
activity?• What does technology consist of?