Upload
lamdan
View
216
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1,2,3... 1
State Regulation of Nuclear and Radiation Safety in
the Russian Federation
2011
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 2
Main objectives of nuclear and radiation safety regulation are:
Establishment and maintenance of conditions of
comprehensive protection of the society and state from
inadmissible radiation impact;
Prevention of uncontrolled propagation and use of
nuclear material and radioactive substance.
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 3
Status and Authorities of Rostechnadzor
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Rostechnadzor is subordinated to the
Government of the Russian Federation and
entrusted with the functions of elaboration and
implementation of the state policy and development
and enactment of regulations in the sphere of
nuclear and radiation supervision (civil atomic
energy use area).
1,2,3... 4
Status and Authorities of Rostechnadzor
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Rostechnadzor is:
- a body of state safety regulation in the civil atomic
energy use;
- a regulatory body in accordance with the Convention
on Nuclear Safety and the Joint Convention on the
Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of
Radioactive Waste Management, as well as a
competent body of the Russian Federation in
accordance with the Amendment to the Convention on
the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material.
1,2,3... 5
Main Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Regulatory Functions
1. Development and enactment of safety regulations in the field of atomic energy use
2. Licensing of activities in the field of atomic energy use
3. Supervision of nuclear and radiation safety of nuclear and radiation hazardous installations, including supervision of nuclear materials accounting, control and physical protection
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 6
Organizational Structure of Rostechnadzor
Interregional Territorial Departments for Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision
Technical Support Organizations
(2 in the field of nuclear supervision)
HEADQUARTERS
Interregional Territorial Departments for
Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Supervision
(7→6)
Departments for Industrial Supervision
(31)
Analytical laboratories
ORGANIZATIONS
Functional
Departments
(7)
Nuclear
Supervision
Departments
(2)
Industrial and
Energy Supervision
Departments
(6)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 7
Organizational Structure of Rostechnadzor (NRS)
Interregional Territorial Departments for Nuclear
and Radiation Safety Supervision (ITDs)
North-
European ITD
Siberian and
Far East ITD
HEADQUARTERS
Department for Safety
Regulation of Nuclear
Power Plants and
Research Nuclear
Installations
Department for Safety Regulation of Nuclear
Fuel Cycle Facilities, Nuclear Energy
Installations of Ships and Radiation
Hazardous Facilities, Supervision of
Account and Control of Nuclear Material and
Radioactive Substances and Physical Protection
Central ITD Don ITD Volga ITD Ural ITD
Far East ITD
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 8
FEITD
Khabarovsk
SITD
Novosibirsk
UITD
Ekaterinburg
NEITD
Saint Petersburg
DITD
Novovoronezh
CITD
Moscow
Balakovo
VITD
CITD - Central Interregional Territorial Department DITD - Don Interregional Territorial Department NEITD - North-European Interregional Territorial Department UITD - Ural Interregional Territorial Department VITD – Volga Interregional Territorial Department SITD - Siberian Interregional Territorial Department FEITD - Far-East Interregional Territorial Department (SITD and FEITD were joined in 2011)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 9
Leg
isla
tive A
cts
(no
rma
tive
le
ga
l a
cts
of
the R
ussia
n F
ed
era
tio
n)
Rec
om
-m
en
- d
ato
ry
Do
cu
-m
en
ts
Federal Norms and Rules
in the Field of Atomic Energy Use
Consti-
tution
International Agreements,
Federal Laws
Decrees of the President Government
Regulations
National Standards, Standards of Enterprise
Guiding Documents
Administrative Regulations
Technical Regulations
Safety Guides (Statutes)
Reg
ula
tory
D
ocu
men
ts
of
Ro
ste
ch
nad
zo
r Structure of the Russian Legislative
and Regulatory Documents in the Field of Atomic Energy Use
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 10
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
Convention on Nuclear Safety (Adopted by RF Government Regulation No. 377 dated 03.04.1996)
Joint Convention on Safe Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel and
Safe Management of Radioactive Waste (Ratified by Federal Law No. 139-FZ dated 04.11.1995)
Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Ratified by Decree of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium No. 9236-X dated
04.05.1983)
Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (Ratified by Federal Law No. 23-FZ dated 21.03.2005)
Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Ratified by Decree of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium No. 6035-XI dated
14.11.1986)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 11
Legislative basis in the field
of nuclear energy use
Federal Law “On the Use of Atomic Energy”
No. 170-FZ dated 21.11.1995
Federal Law “On Radiation Safety of
Population” No. 3-FZ
dated 09.01.1996
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 12
Federal Law «On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population» (No.52-FZ, dated 30.03.1999)
Federal Law «On Environmental Protection» (No. 7-FZ, dated 10.01. 2002)
Federal Law «On Environmental Review» (No. 174-FZ, dated 23.11.1995)
Federal Law «On Radioactive Waste Management» (No. 190-FZ, dated 11.07.2011)
Water Code of the RF (No. 74-FZ, dated 03.06.2006)
Federal Law «On Mineral Resources» (No. 2395-1, dated 21.02.1992)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 13
Normative Documents used for the State Regulation of Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Technical Regulations– include obligatory requirements to product characteristics applied by nuclear industry. Approved as Federal Law or RF Government Regulations
Federal Norms and Rules – include obligatory requirements to nuclear facilities and types of activities
Administrative Regulations – define a procedure for fulfilment of state functions on regulation of nuclear and radiation safety of nuclear facilities (obligatory to specialists of regulatory body)
Guiding Documents – specify a procedure for implementation of of state regulation (obligatory or advisory documents for regulatory body specialists)
Safety Guides (Statutes) – explain the implementation of obligatory requirements of technical regulations and Federal Norms and Rules (advisory)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 14
Federal Law of 21.11.1995, No. 170-FZ «On the
Use of Atomic Energy»
Federal norms and rules in the field
of nuclear energy use
The procedure for
development and
approval of federal
norms and rules as
well as their list is
established by the
Russian Government
Are obligatory for
all the legal entities
and individuals on
the territory of the
Russian Federation
Are approved and
implemented by the
state safety regulatory
bodies within their
competence
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 15
STRUCTURE
OF THE LIST OF FEDERAL NORMS AND RULES
IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE
Federal norms and rules in the field of nuclear
energy use
Rostechnadzor Ministry of the Russian
Federation for Civil
Defense, Emergencies
and Elimination of
Disaster Consequences
Ministry of
Health of the
Russian
Federation
Fire safety of
nuclear
facilities
Technical safety
of nuclear
facilities
Nuclear and
radiation safety
of nuclear
facilities
Radiation safety
of population
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Rostechnadzor
1,2,3... 16
Federal norms and rules
in the field of the nuclear energy use
21
2210
7
15
7
4
General (21)
Nuclear Power Plants (22)
Research Installations (10)
Nuclear installations of ships (7)
Nuclear fuel cycle facilities (15)
Radoactive waste (7)
Radiation sources (4)
TOTAL: 86
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
NPP
General
RI NI of ships
NFC
facilities
RW
RS
1,2,3... 17
Main Areas of Federal Norms and Rules on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
• Objectives, principles, criteria External impacts Layout, design Nuclear safety Radiation safety Operation Radioactive waste management Decommissioning Transportation (shipment) Accounting and control Physical protection Emergency preparedness
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Predisposal Management of Radwaste
Predisposal Management of Low and Intermediate
Level Radioactive Waste Safety Guide. WS-G-2.5.
Predisposal Management of High Level Radioactive
Waste Safety Guide. WS-G-2.6.
Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste,
Including Decommissioning Safety Requirements.
WS-R-2. Radwaste disposal. Principles,
Criteria and basic safety
requirements.
NP-055-04.
Near Surface Disposal of Radioactive
Waste. Safety Requirements. NP-
069-06.
GRW
Management.
Safety
requirements
. NP-021-
2000.
Collection,
reprocessing ,
storage and
conditioning
of LRW.
Safety
requirements.
NP-019-2000.
Collection,
reprocessing ,
storage and
conditioning
of SRW.
Safety
requirements.
NP-020-2000.
Safety Principles and Technical
Criteria for the Underground Disposal
of High Level Radioactive Wastes.
Safety Series No. 99. Geological
Disposal of Radioactive Waste Safety
Requirements.No. WS-R-4
Near Surface Disposal of Radioactive
Waste Safety Requirements. WS-R-1.
Principles of Radioactive Waste
Management Safety
Fundamentals
No. 111-F
Safety in Radioactive Waste
Management. General Provisions.
NP-058-04.
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Evolution of the system of federal norms and rules with account of IAEA standards
Harmonization of federal
norms and rules with
IAEA standards’
provisions
Improvement of the
structure of federal
norms and rules
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 20 20
32 nuclear fuel cycle plants (312 facilities):
15 production reactors, 30 nuclear material processing facilities,
12 SNF storage facilities, 44 nuclear material storage facilities,
190 solid RW storage facilities, 21 liquid RW storage facilities.
75 research nuclear installations; 6,176 radiation-hazardous facilities of national economy.
28 nuclear fleet facilities: 10 nuclear ice breakers, 5 nuclear service vessels, 2 nuclear material storage locations,
2 RW storage locations, 1 floating liquid RW processing plant,
1 floating power unit (under construction), 6 prototype benches.
32 operating NPP units;
4 NPP units under preparation for decommissioning;
9 NPP units under construction;
904 manufacturing plants;
540 facilities and organizations providing activities and services.
Nuclear Facilities under Supervision
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 21
Fuel Cycle Facilities
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
МСЗ
СХК
НЗХК
УЭХК
АЭХК
ГХК
ПО «Маяк»
ПО «ЭХЗ»
ВНИИНМ
ВНИИХТ
РНЦ «КИ»
ГНЦ ФЭИ
НПО Луч
РИ
Далур
ППГХО
Хиагда
ЧМЗ
НИИАР
ХМЗ
ОКБМ
ВНИПИЭ
Т
1,2,3... 22
Common situation in the Russian Federation regarding the civil nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities
decommissioning
More then 120 nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities (installations) are
shutdown (but not decommissioned) in the Russian Federation.
Among them:
4 NPP units;
13 Uranium-graphite production reactors;
11 Research nuclear reactors.
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 23
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
Urgent decisions should be elaborated regarding to the 20 open liquid RW storage
pools, including decommissioning of those located at FGUP “PO “Mayak” site as
containing the highest concentration and amount of liquid radioactive waste.
The decommissioning activities for fuel cycle facilities are foreseen (financially) by
the Federal Target Program on Nuclear and radiation safety in the Russian Federation.
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 24
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
JSC «Hydrometallurgical Enterprise»
(mines № 1, 2; dumps, slag-heaps )
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
• Mines isolation
• Decontamination and
decommissioning of buildings,
rehabilitation of the site territory
(physical and protection barriers for
the slag accumulators)
• Radioactive waste disposal on
special areas
1,2,3... 25
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
Kirovo-Chepetsky Chemical Combine
(territory rehabilitation)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
• Slag accumulators isolation
• Protection barriers creation
• Decontamination and
decommissioning of the buildings
on the site
• Special area creation for the
radioactive waste temporary storage
1,2,3... 26
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
Chemical-Metallurgical Enterprise
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
• Buildings decontamination and decommissioning on
the site
• Transportation of the dismantled and decontaminated
equipment to MCC
• Creation “brown” site.
1,2,3... 27
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
Uranium Graphite Production reactors decommissioning at
MCC, SCC and PO Mayak sites
(13 reactors)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
1,2,3... 28
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Categorization of radiation facilities according to their potential hazards. * (Principal Sanitary Rules on the Radiation Safety Ensuring, OSPORB-99/2010)
Category I. Radiation facilities where an accident can cause radiological impact on population. Population protection measures may be required.
Category II. Radiation facilities where accident radiological impact is restricted by the sanitary protected zone.
Category III. Radiation facilities where accident radiological impact is restricted by the site boundaries.
Category IV. Radiation facilities where accident radiological impact is restricted by the premises where the work with the radiation sources are conducted.
* Categorization should be developed at the design stage in coordination with
radiation safety supervision authorities. The operator is responsible for the categorization of
the already existing facilities. He should do this work in coordination with the state sanitary
and epidemiological supervision authority.
1,2,3... 29
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 1)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Development of decommissioning design for radiation facilities (radiation sources). * (Principal Sanitary Rules on the Radiation Safety Ensuring, OSPORB-99/2010)
Category I. not less than 5 years before A detailed decommissioning design should be developed not less than 5 years before a facility or its part operational life-time expiration. The design should be coordinated with the state radiation safety supervision authority.
Category II. not less than 3 years before A detailed decommissioning design should be developed not less than 3 years before a facility or its part operational life-time expiration. The design should be coordinated with the state radiation safety supervision authority.
Category III. not less than 1 years before A detailed decommissioning design should be developed not less than 1 years before a facility or its part operational life-time expiration. The design should be coordinated with the state radiation safety supervision authority.
Category IV. Is not regulated
* The issue of operational life-time extension of a radioactive source should be considered by an appointed commission. This commission should include the representatives of an operator, using the source, representatives of state radiation safety supervision authority, and the source manufacturer if necessary. The commission should make a decision on the possibility of radioactive source operational life-time extension for a certain period of time and the conditions of its use.
1,2,3... 30
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 2)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
«Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities Decommissioning Safety Rules».
NP-057-04
Safety requirements at
decommissioning
Requirements to the Decommissioning
program (plan)
Requirements to the Comprehensive technical engineering and radiation
investigation (survey)
Requirements to the Decommissioning
design
* This document is valid for the NFC Facilities under the design, operation or
decommissioning, apart from Uranium ore mining facilities.
1,2,3... 31
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 3)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Main decommissioning milestones
Shutdown (stop) for decommissioning
Preparation for decommissioning
Decommissioning
Decommissioning design
Putting into the nuclear (criticality) safe condition
Comprehensive engineering and radiation investigation (survey)
1,2,3... 32
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 4)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Main milestones for the decommissioning documentation development
Comprehensive engineering and radiation investigation (survey) of the facility and the site
Putting into the nuclear (criticality) safe condition
Precise sanitary
passport
Decommissioning program
Decommissioning project
Safety analysis report on decommissioning
Quality assurance
program
Decommissioning
concept
Technological (operation-technical) documentation
Technological reglament
Dismantling program and schedule
Emergency plan for the workers
protection in the case of accident
Instruction on accident liquidation
Instruction on the equipment and
system operation
Special
program
If the nuclear materials could not be removed using the existing standard technology, the special program is
necessary
1,2,3... 33
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 5)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Comprehensive technical engineering and radiation investigation (survey) of a facility and its site.
Radiation conditions (situation) investigation (survey) inside the premises, buildings, and on the site. Developing the maps of radioactive contaminated zones and (or) dose rates.
Tests, including probing and sampling with its subsequent analysis with the view to finding long-lived fission products activities, their location in the graphite stack of the reactor where there were operational incidents with the fuel.
Evaluation of radiation characteristics of spills and parts (fragments) of nuclear fuel inside the graphite stack originated from accidents, which were kept in the core.
Review of radionuclide composition, physical and chemical condition of radioactive materials, its activity, zones of its location, its origin (activation, coolant transfer, accidents, and so on).
Investigation (survey) of equipment, constructions, systems necessary for decommissioning in order to understand how reliable and operable they are for using them in the frame of the decommissioning activity.
Investigation (survey) of constructions, systems, equipment, and buildings planned for decommissioning in order to understand how robust they are, to evaluate their residual operational life-time taking into consideration data on the observed long-term environmental impact on the basements of these facilities including hydrological conditions on the site.
Performing the investigations on mass and location of nuclear fuel spills, to compile a written report on results and a conclusion on nuclear safety.
Conducting, if necessary, other testing and computation of nuclear, physical and radiation characteristics of equipment, materials, radioactive and non-radioactive wastes located within the reactor.
Inventory of mass, content and condition of fissile materials with the view to regulating nuclear safety of spent nuclear fuel pools and storage facilities, equipment with sediment of fissile materials, storage and disposal facilities for radioactive waste containing fissile materials different from the design.
Evaluation of volumes (mass) and radiation characteristics of radioactive and non-radioactive wastes.
1,2,3... 34
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 6)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Программа вывода из эксплуатации
Decommissioning Program
Brief description and justification of the decommissioning option chosen by the
operator.
Criteria on the required safety level achievement (for the facility) after implementation of each
decommissioning stage.
Main stages of decommissioning and
their time-frames.
Brief description of end-states of a facility under decommissioning
when every stage is finished.
Brief description and justification of safety measures at each decommissioning stage, including brief description and justification of the sequence of protective barriers integrity destruction. краткое описание и обоснование мер безопасности на каждом из этапов вывода из эксплуатации ПР, включая краткое описание и обоснование
Safety ensurance principles at each decommissioning
stage.
Brief characteristics of decommissioning process at each
stage.
Decommissioning concept
1,2,3... 35
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities (Cont. 7)
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)
Quality Assurance Program
Work performance in compliance with the general plan and general procedures of organizational and technical activity (implemented on a planning base).
Quality control system including: creation and certification of divisions (organizations),
responsible for quality control of work performance, items and services;
work performance controle procedures at every stage of decommissioning, quality control of items and services;
reporting procedures on the results of the control implementation;
measuring devices and metrological ensuring; data collection and evaluation system for accidents
(deviations) and their causes (reasons); other issues related to the organization and quality
assurance of the performing works. система контроля качества, включающая:
1,2,3... 36
Decommissioning of Fuel Cycle Facilities
THANK YOU
FOR
THE ATTENTION
Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Russian Federation)