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State of the Program: NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry. Paula Bontempi NASA Headquarters Ocean Color Research Team Meeting 1 May 2008. Safety & Mission Assurance (P. Martin). Chief Engineer (K. Ledbetter). SMD Organization. Associate Administrator (AA) ( Ed Weiler, Act ) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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State of the Program: NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry
Paula BontempiNASA Headquarters
Ocean Color Research Team Meeting1 May 2008
SMD Organization
Chief Scientist (Paul Hertz)DCS for ES (Randy Friedl, moving)
DCS for SS (vacant)
Management &Policy DivisionDir. (R. Maizel)
Deputy (Vacant)
HeliophysicsDivision
Dir. (R. Fisher)Deputy (V. Elsbernd-Act)
AstrophysicsDivision
Dir. (J. Morse)Deputy (R. Howard)
Planetary ScienceDivision
Dir. (J. Green)Dep. (J. Adams)
Associate Administrator (AA) (Ed Weiler, Act)Deputy AA (Chuck Gay)
Deputy AA for Programs(Mike Luther)
Senior Advisor for R & A (Yvonne Pendleton, ?)
Earth ScienceDivision
Dir. (M. Freilich)Deputy (B. Cramer)
Dep - Programs (vacant)
Budget (C. Tupper)
Policy & Administration (G. Williams- Act) Applied Science
(T. Fryberger)
Research (J. Kaye)
Flight (S. Volz)
Mars Program(D. McCuistion)
Draft: March 3, 2008
Senior Advisor for Science Process & Ethics
(no)
Executive Officer(Jens Feeley)
Chief Engineer (K. Ledbetter)
Safety & Mission Assurance(P. Martin)
Special Asst for NEOs and Exploration (Dan Durda)
AAA for Strategy, Policy & International(Marc Allen)
Blue dashed boxes denote individuals who report to other organizations, but support SMD
Senior Advisor(Colleen Hartman, sabbatical)
Earth Science Division
Research Flight Programs Applied Sciences
Michael Freilich, Director
Bryant Cramer, Deputy Director
Vacant, Deputy Director for Programs
Jack Kaye, Associate Director
Lucia Tsaoussi, Deputy Associate Director
Steve Volz, Associate Director
Steve Neeck, Deputy Associate Director (Act.)
Teresa Fryberger, Associate Director
(Vacant), Deputy Associate Director
Nov. 29, 2007 pm
Earth Science Technology Office
(@ GSFC)
George Komar, Associate Director
Amy Walton, Deputy
1 CS Mgmt Analyst, 2 Program Support, 1 Secretary
15 CS Program Scientists, 5 IPA PS, 2 Detailee PS In, 1 Detailee PS Out, 1 Secretary, 1 Einstein Fellow
7 CS Program Executives, 1 IPA PE, 3 Detailee PE In
4 CS Program Officers 9 CS Technologists (badged to GSFC) 1 Secretary
New Measurements
6
Missions in Formulation and Implementation
OSTM6/2008
OCO12/2008
GLORY6/2009
NPP6/2010
AQUARIUS5/2010
LDCM7/2011
GPM6/2013, 11/2014
SMAP2012
ICESat-II2015
SOLAS?
7
Earth Science New Initiative
NEW vs. PREVIOUS (hatched) MISSION PROFILE
Advance Plan:Earth’s Living Ocean: The Unseen World
NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program
Team from April 2005: Michael Behrenfeld, Heidi Dierssen, Paul DiGiacomo, Steve Lohrenz, Chuck McClain, Frank Muller-Karger, Dave Siegel, (Paula Coble)May 2006-October 2006: Posted for Public Comment
Reviewers: Tony Freeman, Norm Nelson, Jim YoderMarch 2007: Briefed to NRC OSBApril 2007: Negotiations with NRC for review (OSB and SSB)September 2007: Comments incorporatedApril 2008: Briefed to NRC SSBApril 2008: Letter drafted for NASA SMAC review
Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program planning document identifies a global ocean mission with enhanced spectral resolution from the UV to SWIR as the top priority future mission.
Measurements will contribute greatly toward achieving all four ocean-related science objectives identified in the NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems roadmap (circled in red, right)
Future Science – A Blank SlateFuture Science – A Blank Slate
1. How are ocean ecosystems and the biodiversity they support influenced by climate and environmental variability and change, and how will these changes occur over time?
2. How do carbon and other elements transition between ocean pools and pass through the Earth System, and how do biogeochemical fluxes impact the ocean and Earth's climate over time?
3. How (and why) is the diversity and geographical distribution of coastal marine habitats changing, and what are the implications for the well-being of human society?
4. How do hazards and pollutants impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us,
and can we mitigate their effects?
Timeline
MissionThemes
Immediate(1 – 5 Years)
Long-Term(10 - 25 Years)
Near-Term(5 - 10 Years)
Global Separation ofIn-waterConstituents& AdvancedAtmosphericcorrection
High Spatial& TemporalResolutionCoastal
PlantPhysiology& Functional Composition
Mixed LayerDepth
Advanced radiometer & scattering lidar
• 5nm resolution from UV through visible
• Ozone & extended NIR atmosphere bands
• Atmosphere & subsurface particle scattering profiles
Ec
os
yste
ms
Bio
geo
ch
em
istr
y
Hab
itats
Hazard
s
Radiometry, aerosols, and physiology lidar
• Global radiometry system
• Aerosol height & species
• Midnight/noon obs of variable stimulated fluorescence
Ocean radiance and atmosphere aerosols• Advanced radiometer
• Scattering lidar for aerosol speciation
• Polarimeter for global aerosol coverage
•500 m passive resolution
Coastal carbon – GEO
Support analysis of current satellite data
Landsat DCM partnership
Development of suborbital sensor systems
Support analysis of global passive data
• Assess functional groups using hyperspectral data
• Estimate algal carbon & chlorophyll to characterize physiology
Support analysis of global & GEO data
Variable fluorescence lidar constellation•Map physiological provinces at different times of day
• Dawn/dusk variable fluorescence lidar
• Noon/midnight lidar
Synthesis/analysis of observational forecast fields & on orbit remote sensing
Mixed layer model development
Prototype mixed layer sensor development
• field testing of novel approaches for remote detection of mixed layer depth & light availability
Mixed layer depth mission •Space-borne proof-of-concept mission for global mixed layer depth mapping
How are ocean ecosystems and the biodiversity they support influenced by climate or environmental variability and change, and how will these changes occur over time?How do carbon and other elements transition between ocean pools and pass through the Earth System, and how do biogeochemical fluxes impact the ocean and Earth's climate over time?How (and why) is the diversity and geographical distribution of coastal marine habitats changing, and what are the implications for the well-being of human society?
How do hazards and pollutants impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us, and can we mitigate their effects?
Top Priority Science Question Color Code
Improved management of ecosystem goods and services
Information based policy on greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading
Mapping and assessment of coastal habitats for future development plans and tourism
National security and improved forecasting of natural and human-induced hazards
Example of Benefits to Society
Constellation of imaging spectrometers
• High temporal res
• LEO, MEO or GEO
• Include SAR
Continued deployment of suborbital systems
High-res coastal imager• 20 bands from UV - NIR
• 10 m res – 100 km swath
GEO carbon mission
Deployment of suborbital systems
Bold Green Text Represents Satellite MissionsBold Blue Text Represents Development Activities leading to Missions
Cross-hatch indicates secondary contribution to Mission Theme
GEO partnership
New Measurements
If ACE were to move to the top of the Tier II list of missions,
Launch Readiness Date (earliest) would be 2020.
Venture Class…
Science Questions translate to Observations
Systematic Measurements
NASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice Missions
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15NPOESS OPS
TOPEX/P.JASONOSTM
AQUARIUS
Directed
Competed
QuikSCAT
GRACE
Beyond OSTM (2008) and Aquarius (2010), there are no approved NASA oceanographic satellite missions
TodayPrimary MissionApproved Extended MissionConditionally Approved Extended Mission
ICESAT
SeaWiFSCommercial
AQUA/MODISTERRA/MODIS
NPP
NASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice Missions
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15NPOESS OPS
Directed
Competed
Beyond OSTM (2008) and Aquarius (2010), there are no approved NASA oceanographic satellite missions
TodayPrimary MissionApproved Extended MissionConditionally Approved Extended Mission
SeaWiFSCommercial
AQUA/MODIS
NPP
Safehold as of 1.3.2008
VIIRS ?
VIIRS Level 1 Requirements
Limits in NASA's role imposed by the Level-1 requirements (2003):
2.1.2.1 The SDS shall be designed with the assumption that the operational IPO IDPS generated NPP EDRs do not require reprocessing or re-computation in order to support climate research needs. Consequently, the SDS will not be designed to routinely generate climate data products which require long-term archival in ADS.
2.1.2.3 In developing the SDS, the Project shall assume that EDRs produced by the IDPS are climate quality and put in place the capability to test that hypothesis in order to contribute to improving the quality of future EDRs. The SDS shall provide suggested algorithm improvements to the IDPS.
Note:
1) The assumption underlying these requirements is demonstrably false, since no satellite sensor has ever produced research-quality data without reprocessing;
2) NASA NPP Project (SDS) funding will not support generation of better products (than the EDRs);
Calls in to question future systematic obs of ocean biological and biogeochemical properties
List not in priority order:1- VisNIR IFA Optical Crosstalk*2- VisNIR ROIC Static Electronic Crosstalk3- VisNIR Dynamic Crosstalk4- LWIR/SMWIR Static Crosstalk and/or
Ghosting5- Gain Switch Noise and Linearity6- Stray Light Contamination7- Reflective Bands Uniformity8- Emissive Bands Calibration9- Relative Spectral Response (RSR)
Measurements – characterization data receipt in a timely fashion
10- End-to-End Calibration (SD-SAS-SDSM)
11- Sensor Stability (Temperature, SC voltage, EMI/EMC)
12- Response Versus Scan (RVS) Angle13- Characterization of Polarization Sensitivity14- Ambient to T/V to On-orbit Spatial
Performance
VIIRS Science Issues
Delay in delivery of VIIRS FU-1 and launch for NPP (eight months)
Need an assessment of the impact the IFA replacement would have on the
new baseline; real technical risk associated with the replacement
procedure; FU-1 ability to meet the Ocean Color (and potentially
aerosol) requirements is severely compromised.
1. Should NPP be delayed, unable to seek changes to VIIRS due to unreasonable risk in opening up the optics module in which the filter resides.
2. Implement changes to VIIRS on NPOESS C1 (1330) to ensure radiometric performance for ocean color, pre-flight test data sets available in a timely/transparent manner.
3. European Space Agency (ESA) - easier access to MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data for U.S., resolve calibration, sensor performance, technical issues. Same for ESA's Sentinel-3, for applications in coastal waters; narrow swath/long revisit time of MERIS, attributes for Sentinel-3, limit utility.
4. Indian Space Research Organization’s (ISRO) Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-II) OceanSat-2 (Q3 2008). NOAA-NASA to ISRO 21 January. Design of OCM-II more potential for global climate research, details on sensor characterization and calibration
5. Ocean color free-flyer as single agency mission, multi-agency mission, commercial partnership/data-buy. Foreign data streams as supplements to a U.S. capability for climate-quality ocean color observations, but realistic concerning what can afford.
Recognize requirement for dedicated program for calibration/validation; algorithm development, evaluation; data processing, re-processing, distribution, archiving; support for research and operations
Ocean Color Community Letter & Response (NOAA) – December 2007
Systematic Measurements
NASA’s role in NPP Project ends Launch + 6 months
NASA’s Science Data System will only evaluate standard products for use as climate research products; can make
recommendations, but have no direct influence on program, no reprocessing, no data product(ion)
No lunar or vicarious calibration plan for NPP
No NASA NPP Science Team(no ROSES element or budget line)
No role for NASA in NPOESS
Climate Data Records v. Earth System Data Records
• Climate Data Record• A time series of measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change. (NRC, 2004)
The NRC further segmented satellite-based CDRs into:• fundamental CDRs (FCDRs), which are calibrated and quality-controlled sensor data that have
been improved over time, and• thematic CDRs (TCDRs), which are geophysical variables derived from the FCDRs, such as sea
surface temperature and cloud fraction.
• Earth System Data Record• Observations of a parameter of the Earth system optimized to meet requirements to address Earth science questions and to provide for applications.
• Low level and high level products are involved in ESDR’s• Higher level products depend on products such as reflectance and vegetation index.• Hierarchical organization is useful• Need to derive priority from the importance of the end use • Explicit attention to error, uncertainty, and precision is required in definition and production.• Issue of consistency between user sub-groups and ESDR’s – important for the modeling community• Need to consider what will be needed to create the retrospective data record
WHO DOES IT FOR SATELLITE DATA? – NOAA HAS THE FUNDS FY09
Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Focus Area Advance Planning (Management Operations Working Group)
Engage the broad NASA carbon cycle and ecosystems community to reevaluate NASA directions, goals, approaches, and priorities in carbon cycle and ecosystems research.
Responsive to and informing Agency strategic roadmapping considering the NRC Decadal Survey.
Focusing on key science questions for the CC&E focus area
Committee has had a recent meetings and is revising its charge, Co-Chairs selected by Focus Area Lead (Diane Wickland) are John Foley and Michael Behrenfeld (H. Sosik, D. Barber, J. Yoder, P. DiGiacomo, C. DelCastillo)
Vicarious Calibration/Validation Activities:Round Robins/Workshops
Redirection of Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Funds to support new instrumentation in sensor development, ocean color sensor calibration, and data
product validation: next generation research questions require equipment that does not exist (NOPP BAA in September 2007, closed December 2007, proposals
reviewed April 2008)
- Protocols- QA/QC Procedures for Data - Round robins
Ultimately, the international agencies are going to have to implement guidelines for quality assurance as well
• Ocean Optics Protocols – on-going activity• Uncertainties with methods
• IOP Instrument Uncertainties – Paula Bontempi/Stan Hooker/ PM Talk – Sept 2008• how PIs measure instrument performance and uncertainties• data processing• review existing protocols
• HPLC Quantitation in Coastal Waters – SeaHARRE-4 • Go beyond existing dynamic range of SH experiments (0.2-26.2 mg m-3)
• Common AOP Data Processing Interface• Automatic interface for submitting data in common format
• Vicarious Calibration Site Selection + alternatives – NOPP, DS studies• Revisit site selection since 1980’s, BOUSSOLE, BATS, HOT• Other approaches? – sync with ORION studies
** PIs funded via ROSES required to participate in workshops and meetings** •Workshops proposed by community members:
• P. Coble on CDOM – Chapman Conference Planned• Y. Gao on atmospheric deposition of iron to ocean – deferred until FY09?
Vicarious Calibration/Validation Activities:Round Robins/Workshops
ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements
http://nspires.nasaprs.com/- Solicitations- Open Solicitations - Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (20xx)- Click on link to read “Solicitation”- Look at Table 2 – program elements in order of Due Date
TABLE 2: SOLICITED RESEARCH PROGRAMS (IN ORDER OF PROPOSAL DUE DATES) [1]
APPENDIX PROGRAM NOI/ Step-1 DUE DATE [2] PROPOSAL DUE DATEB.5 Heliophysics Guest Investigators 3/14/2008 5/9/2008
C.9 Jupiter Data Analysis 3/20/2008 5/15/2008A.16 Hurricane Science Research 3/14/2008 5/16/2008C.2 Cosmochemistry [3][4] 3/21/2008 5/16/2008C.4 Planetary Geology and Geophysics [3][4]3/21/2008 5/16/2008A.7 Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction N/A 5/23/2008E.3 Origins of Solar Systems [4] 4/9/2008 5/23/2008C.10 Cassini Data Analysis 4/4/2008 5/30/2008
C.22 Fellowships for Early Career Researchers (current fellows) N/A5/30/2008D.4 Astrophysics Theory and Fundamental Physics 4/4/2008 5/30/2008A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry 4/1/2008 6/2/2008A.25 New Investigator Program in Earth Science Not solicited this yearB.4 Heliophysics Theory Not solicited this year
ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements
A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry1. Scope of Program = Boiler plate2. Description of Solicited Research
2.x – Subtopics that are solicited (e.g. Fisheries)2.x.x – Detailed within each subtopic (e.g., Cod lifecycle)
3. Programmatic Requirements
Read these very carefully! They are your key to not having your proposal thrown in to the Non-Responsive bin and taken out of consideration for funding.
Not standard, but specific to a research program element.
4. Summary of Key Information- Table with summary of duration of awards (up to 4 yrs), funds available,
general information, due dates, where to find key information and get answers on formatting, submission, POC, etc
Amendments are announced via E-mail: do not respond to the announcement text, read the full amendment and note where the paragraph reads," more information on this program element can be found at http://xxx.xx.xx.”
ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements
A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry3. Programmatic Requirements
- All proposals that respond to the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program element must utilize remotely sensed (e.g., ocean color) observations. Research supported under all Subelements is required to address uncertainties and quantify errors.
- Coordinated or linked projects should be proposed separately. Individual efforts may be linked with other projects, and these linkages must clearly and explicitly be called out by all involved proposals and investigators. Investigators should make clear any special requirements, e.g., ship time (investigators should make arrangements directly with ship sponsors), aircraft support (see
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/research/AirSci/), or high-end computing requirements (see Section I(d) of the ROSES Summary of Solicitation).- Funding for these tasks will begin in Fiscal Year 2009. All data collected will be subject to the
standard NASA Earth Science data policy (http://science.hq.nasa.gov/research/daac/datapolicy.html).- Investigators selected will be required to attend the annual NASA Ocean Color Research Team
meeting or equivalent within the United States (e.g., PIs should budget a four day trip to the farthest coast once per year, unless specified otherwise).
- Beginning with ROSES 2008, it will be required to participate in Round Robin/workshop activities if you make measurement such as IOPs, AOPs, etc. To be discussed this PM.
ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements
A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry
Of the required sections: please make sure to take care.
Budget justifications must be clear
Quotes for research equipment must be included
Data Submission Policy – remember the one-year requirement; Giulietta Fargion is the OB&B Data Manager and will work with each PI to help submission to SeaBASS within one year of data collection, also the contact for submitting HPLC samples to HPL for analyses