State of Power Engineering Education in the U.S. and Canada

Preliminary Results of the 2014 PEEC Survey

Presentation at PEEC-NSF Workshop, Washington D.C., July 26-27, 2014

PEEC Survey Team:Sukumar Brahma, New Mexico State University

Henry Louie, Seattle UniversityDennis Ray, PSERC

Overview• Objective: Describe the state of power engineering programs in

the U.S. and Canada– Students– Faculty and staff– Courses, research, etc.

• Data source: 2014 PEEC Survey– Online survey– With revised and new questions from previous surveys

• Preliminary analysis: These results should be considered as tentative. The survey data are still being collected and examined.

• Survey website: http://www.ieee-pes.org/professional-development/education/peec-survey

2

Uses of Survey Data

• Website for parents, students, recruiters, faculty, others looking for university program information– Organized by University– On PES website:

http://www.ieee-pes.org/professional-development/education/university-power-programs

• State of Power Engineering Education Publications– Report, Transactions paper, etc.

3

Universities Responding to PEEC Surveys(as of 7/15/2014)

Year of Survey U.S. Responses

Canadian Responses

2005/6 112 82010 57 52012 45 12014 100 9

4

Faculty and Staff Delivering Course Instruction

5

Canada USRank/Title N % N %Professor 22 53.7% 173 43.4%Associate Professor 8 19.5% 75 18.8%Assistant Professor 8 19.5% 83 20.8%Adjunct Professor 0 0.0% 32 8.0%Emeritus Professor 1 2.4% 16 4.0%Instructor/Lecturer 2 4.9% 20 5.0%Total 41 100.0% 399 100.0%

In the 2005/6 Survey, 380 faculty and staff were reported for the U.S. and Canada combined. 339 were faculty (full, associate, assistant).

Historical Professorial Title Trends(% of all Reported Faculty and Staff)

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

1969

-70

1971

-72

1973

-74

1975

-76

1977

-78

1979

-80

1981

-82

1983

-84

1985

-86

1987

-88

1989

-90

1991

-92

1993

-94

1995

-96

1997

-98

1998

-99

2001

-02

2003

-04

2005

-06

Academic Years

Per

cen

tag

e (%

)

Professors

Associate

Assistant

US and Canada combined. Comparables for 2014 Survey:

6

Rank/TitleProfessor 195 44.3%Associate Professor 83 18.9%Assistant Professor 91 20.7% Total 369 83.9%

Highest Degree for Faculty/Staff

7

Canada USHighest Degree N % N %PhD 39 95.1% 381 95.5%Masters 2 4.9% 14 3.5%Bachelors 0 0.0% 4 1.0%Other 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

41 100.0% 399 100.0%

In 2005/6 Survey, 95.8% of faculty and staff has received PhD’s.

Faculty/Staff who are IEEE PES Membersand/or IEEE Fellows

8

Canada USN % N %

IEEE PES Member 33 80.5% 326 81.7%IEEE Fellow 10 24.4% 105 26.3%

In 2005/6 Survey, 91.8% of faculty and staff were PES members.

Years in Academia

9

Canada USYears in

Academia N % N %0-10 12 29.3% 161 40.4%

11-20 9 22.0% 77 19.3%21-30 16 39.0% 90 22.6%31-40 2 4.9% 49 12.3%41-50 1 2.4% 17 4.3%

>50 1 2.4% 5 1.3%Total 41 100.0% 399 100.0%

Average 19.85 17.90Median 20.00 16.00

Average reported power industry experience was 2.9 years in Canada and 3.9 years in the US. Due to survey response inconsistencies, these are only estimates by the Survey Team.

In 2005/6 Survey, the average reported academic experience was 20.5 years and the average power industry experience was 4.14 years.

Full-time Personnel Changes in Reporting Year and their Current Retirement

Eligibility Status

10

Canada USN % N %

Faculty/Staff Left 2 4.9% 48 12.0%Faculty/Staff Hired 3 7.3% 66 16.5%Retirement Eligible Now 2 4.9% 43 10.8% In 1-5 years 6 14.6% 44 11.0% In 6-10 years 8 19.5% 84 21.1%

In 10 years, up to 42.9% of faculty/staff in the U.S. and 39.0% in Canada may need to be replaced due to retirements alone.

Education Statistics

11

Canada USN % N %

Schools Offering Masters 9 100% 85 78.0%Schools Offering PhD 9 100% 71 65.1%Reported Graduate Rates No. of Undergrads 308 1909 No. of Masters 164 974 No. of PhD 67 282Average Undergraduate% who are Domestic

78% 81%

Undergraduate Program Options

12

Canada US

N % N %

Mandatory courses for all students 5 55.6% 42 42.0%

Mandatory course for all students in a special track, minor, certificate, etc. 2 22.2% 38 38.0%

Elective courses 9 100.0% 92 92.0%

Special track 4 44.4% 25 25.0%

Minor 1 11.1% 4 4.0%

Certificate 0 0.0% 9 9.0%

Coop Available (optional) 7 77.8% 69 69.0% Available (mandatory) 2 22.2% 1 1.0% Not available 0 0.0% 30 30.0%

Number of Reported Undergraduate Course Offerings (based on words in course titles)

• Electronics (84 occurrences)• Renewable (17), Sustainable (8), Wind (7), Solar (5),

Green (1)• Smart (13) {e.g., smart “grid”, smart “power system”}• Communication (1)

13

Notes: (1) Total courses reported: 564 undergraduate (courses offered in past academic years were reported in some cases)(2) 4 faculty/staff reported to have taught power electronics in Canada in the last two years (undergrad and/or grad)(3) 43 faculty/staff reported to have taught power electronics in the U.S. in the last two years (undergrad and/or grad)

Number of Reported Graduate Course Offerings (based on words in course titles)

• Electronics (72 occurrences)• Renewable (19), Sustainable (9), Wind (11), Solar (2),

Green (0)• Smart (27) {e.g., smart “grid”, smart “power system”}• Communication (3)

14

Total courses reported: 631 graduate (courses offered in past academic years were reported in some cases)

Graduate Degree Delivery Options

15

Number of Degrees Offered by:

In Class 166Distance Education 10Both 39

Courses with distance education students:•Graduate: 31.7% of all reported courses•Undergraduate: 13.3% of all reported courses

Full-Time (FT) and Part-time (PT) Graduate Student Enrollments

16

Canada US

Masters FT Domestic 85 50.3% 550 32.0%Masters FT International 84 49.7% 1167 68.0%Total Masters FT 169 100.0% 1717 100.0%

Masters PT Domestic 121 96.0% 352 79.6%Masters PT International 5 4.0% 90 20.4%Total Masters PT 126 100.0% 442 100.0%

PhD FT Domestic 40 32.0% 236 22.4%PhD FT International 85 68.0% 818 77.6%Total PhD FT 125 100.0% 1054 100.0%

PhD PT Domestic 2 100.0% 83 73.5%PhD PT International 0 0.0% 30 26.5%Total PhD PT 2 100.0% 113 100.0%

Average Number of Enrolled Graduate Students per Institution – Masters and PhD

17

02468

101214161820

1969

-70

1971

-72

1973

-74

1975

-76

1977

-78

1979

-80

1981

-82

1983

-84

1985

-86

1987

-88

1989

-90

1991

-92

1993

-94

1995

-96

1997

-98

1998

-99

2001

-02

2003

-04

2005

-06

Academic Year

Stu

den

ts

Masters

Doctorate

2014 Survey •Average Number of Masters: 22.5 •Average Number of PhD: 11.9

Average Number of Domestic and International Grad Students per Institution

18

2014 Survey •Average Number. of Domestic: 13.5 •Average Number of International: 20.9

02468

1012141618

1969

-70

1971

-72

1973

-74

1975

-76

1977

-78

1979

-80

1981

-82

1983

-84

1985

-86

1987

-88

1989

-90

1991

-92

1993

-94

1995

-96

1997

-98

1998

-99

2001

-02

2003

-04

2005

-06

Academic Year

Stu

den

ts

Domestic

International

Research Expenditures ($)

19

Canada USGovernment - Non-Equipment $6,120,300 65.7% $82,200,448 82.8%Domestic Utility - Non-Equipment $1,923,500 20.7% $8,047,550 8.1%Other Dom. Industry - Non-Equipment $1,266,000 13.6% $9,003,321 9.1% Total Non-Equipment $9,309,800 100.0% $99,251,319 100.0%

Median Non-Equipment* $570,000 $600,000

Government - Equipment $2,262,875 81.0% $15,436,682 70.0%

Domestic Utility - Equipment $340,000 12.2% $1,649,200 7.5%

Other Dom. Industry - Non-Equipment $192,500 6.9% $4,965,353 22.5% Total Equipment $2,795,375 100.0% $22,051,235 100.0%

Median Equipment* $267,500 $70,000

*A number of universities reported zero research expenditures. 16 universities reported zero non-equipment research expenditures and 37 universities reported zero equipment research expenditures. These responses may be valid or they may indicate missing data. The median values reported above ignore zero responses; thus, they are the median values for universities reporting non-zero expenditures. If zero responses are included, the median total research expenditures are $930,000 for Canada and $530,500 for the U.S.

Reported Research Funding Outlook for Next 3 Years

20

All Institutions

47 Institutions Above $600K in Non-equipment Expenditures

Funding Outlook N % Rising 14 29.8% Stable 25 53.2% Declining 8 17.0%

47 100.0%

Canada US Funding Outlook N % N % Rising 5 55.6% 33 33.0% Stable 4 44.4% 53 53.0% Declining 0 0.0% 14 14.0%

9 100.0% 100 100.0%

Number of universities at which faculty participated in events designed to attract K-12 students to power engineering or to help K-12 teachers.

21

Canada US

5 (56%) 72 (66%)

Some Preliminary Conclusions

• Strong growth in student interest• Healthier balance within faculty ranks with more

assistant professor hires• High potential for faculty/staff retirements in next 10

years• More diverse course topics, but traditional topics seem

to dominate (may be more diversity of material in the traditional courses)

• Distance/online education options exist• Generally positive outlook for research $

22