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State of California: Governing in the Information Age
Invited as Keynote Speaker
Sacramento, CA
November 28, 2001
Larry SmarrDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSDDirector, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
Challenges of Emergency PreparednessThat the Future Internet Will Impact
• How Do We Know:– The Detailed Current State of the System NOW?– What the Future Evolution of the Situation is Likely to Be?
• How Can We Achieve:– An Overall Situational Awareness?– A Common Operational Picture?
• How Do We Communicate With:– Crisis Managers?– First Responders?
• How Can We Decide:– Which Problem to Attack First?– Which Assets Should Be Deployed Where and When?
Digital Government Will Be on the Front Lines!
Governor Davis Has Initiated Four New Institutes for Science and Innovation
UCSBUCLA
California NanoSystems Institute
UCSF UCB
California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,
and Quantitative Biomedical Research
UCI
UCSD
California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
Center for Information Technology Research
in the Interest of Society
UCSC
UCDUCM
www.ucop.edu/california-institutes
Cal-(IT)2
An Integrated Approach to the Future Internet
www.calit2.net
220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams
With Students, Industry, and the Community
Partnered With Over 50 Companies
How Can the “Future Internet” Enhance Capabilities for Emergency Preparedness?
• Enabled by Expansion of Internet Infrastructure– Wireless Extends Coverage Everywhere– Optical Backbone Provides High Bandwidth– New Generation of Sensors and Receivers
• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories– Collaborative Crisis Management Centers– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases
• Building a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border– Collaboration with City, County, and State Govts.
A Similar Layered Architecture is Needed for Defense and Civilian Emergency Response
www.ndia-sd.org/docs/NDIA_20June00.pdf
SPAWARSystemsCenter
San Diego
We Are About to Transition to a Mobile Internet
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Mobile Internet
Fixed Internet
Subscribers (millions)
Third Generation Cellular SystemsWill Add Mobility, QoS, and High Speeds
Source: Ericsson
Cellular Internet is Already Here At Experimental Sites
• UCSD Has Been First Beta Test Site – Qualcomm’s 1xEV Cellular Internet
• Optimized for Packet Data Services– Uses a 1.25 MHz channel
– 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate– Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family– Can Be Used as Stand-Alone
• Chipsets in Development Support– PacketVideo’s PVPlayer™ MPEG-4– gpsOne™ Global Positioning System– Bluetooth– MP3– MIDI– BREW
Rooftop HDR Access Point
Cal-(IT)2 Is Working on Interoperability of Wireless Internet LAN and WAN
Available Now
6 months
12 months
Wireless LANs
Wireless WANAll of 2001
The FCC Unlicensed Band Can be Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone
• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network
• A Cal-(IT)2
Academic Partner
• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications
• Enables Internet Deployment to Remote Locations
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html
NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone
HPWREN Project Demo of Fast Setup Wireless Internet for Crisis Response
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide26.JPG
A Cal-(IT)2
Academic Partner
Cal-(IT)2 Wireless Services Middleware: Emerging Pieces
Cal-(IT)2 Wireless Services Interface
UCI WirelessInfrastructures
UCSD WirelessInfrastructures
Cal-(IT)2 Applications
From Cal-(IT)2 Mobile Software Summit at UCI J. Pasquale, UCSD
Real-TimeServices
Mobile Code
LocationAwareness
PowerControl Security Data
Management
Integrating Wireless, Sensor and Data-Management Technologies
Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner
Cal-(IT)2 Plans Environmental SensorNets
• Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development– Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry– Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO
– Later Add CO2, Ozone, NOx
– Partnering with Graviton
• Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites – UCSD Campus– Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve
– Rapid Prototyping Site– Linked to UCSD via HPWREN
The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges
New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links
Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install
Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to
Crisis Management Control Rooms
Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
Data-Loggers
Se
nso
r
LocalData Hub
ControlCenter
PC104
WirelessInternet
Se
nso
r
Se
nso
r
UC
I
Users
UC
SD
Cal
tra
ns
Workstation
Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering
Real-Time Monitoring of BridgesThrough Wireless Internet
Fleets of Cars Will Become Wireless Sensor Platforms
• Cal-(IT)2 Autonet Concept– Car Becomes a Mobile Internet, Peer-to-Peer Platform– Enables Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control– Goal is Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control
• UC Irvine’s Institution of Transportation Studies– Creating a ZEVNET “Living Laboratory”
– Initially 50 Toyota Zero Emission Electric Cars
– Cal-(IT)2 Adds GPS Tracking, Wireless • Transforms UCI’s Caltrans Advanced Transportation
Management Systems Testbed into a Wireless SensorNet Testbed
Source: Will Recker, UCI
Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots
General Atomics Predator(Air Force, CIA)
300 Inches
UC Berkeley Aerobot(ARO, DARPA, ONR)
20 Inches
UC Berkeley Micromechanical
Flying Insect Project
1 Inch
(DARPA, ONR)
UC Berkeley29 Palms SensorWeb Experiment
• Goals– Deploy a Sensor Network Onto a Road From an
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)– Detect and Track Vehicles Passing Through the Network– Transfer Vehicle Track Information From the Ground
Network to the UAV– Transfer Vehicle Track Information From the UAV to an
Observer at the Base Camp
Smart Dust – UC Berkeley
Cal-(IT)2 Plans for Adding Wireless Sensorsto Systems-on-Chip
Memory
Protocol Processors
ProcessorsProcessors DSP
Applications
Sensors
Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE; Rajesh Gupta, UCI ICS
EmbeddedSoftware
Radio
Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems
Internet
Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors
Millions of Video Cameras Are Attaching to the Net
• London Underground– Initially 25,000 Video Cameras– Expansion to 250,000 Possible– British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec.
– Source: Telindus
• British CCTV System– Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times)
– Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day
– Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas
• Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA in 5-7 Years– Privacy International Prediction
Image Processing /
Analysis
Traffic Data
Parking Lot and Traffic Information
to User
User Submits Destination Parking Lot
Query
Handheld Device
Video Feed of Parking Lot to Server
Wireless Camera
Agents Will Intermediate Between Us and the Grid
UCI Campus Parking and Traffic AgentSharad Mehrotra, UCI
Database Repository
However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms are Needed for Managing Crisis Response
• Integrate– Situational Awareness– Common Operational Picture– Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access– AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases– Spatial Data Analysis – Consequences Assessment Tool Set
Source: Panoram Technologies
Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays for Seismic and Geosciences Monitoring
Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU
Building Metro Optical Laboratories to Evaluate Emergency Preparedness Systems
• High Resolution Visualization Facilities– Data Analysis– Crisis Management
• Distributed Collaboration– Optically Linked– Integrate Access Grid
• Data and Compute– PC Clusters– AI Data Mining
• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications– Civil Infrastructure– Environmental Systems– Medical Facilities
SDSCSIO
UCSD
Linking Control Rooms
Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM,TeraBurst Networks
UCSD HealthcareSD Telecom Council
California’s CENIC is Providing High Performance Optical Backbone Networks
CENIC Optical Network Infrastructure (ONI) Initiative
NSFTeraGrid
Cal-(IT)2 Metro Optical
Testbed
From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings
Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab
Creating a Virtual Crisis Management TeamUsing Broadband Optical Fiber
Web Browser - Portal Interface
Portal Engine User PreferencesState Values
Data Gather
XML HTML
Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature
Analysis Tools:- Pattern Recognition- GIS Queries- Data Mining- Multi-Sensor Fusion
Applications:- Epidemiology- Transportation Systems- ...
Common Portal ArchitectureCustomized for Crisis Management
Built on Prior SDSC and NCSA Work
Mediation of Information Using XMLAllows Federation of Heterogeneous Databases
Source: Gupta, Marciano, Zaslavsky, & Baru (SDSC)
Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step
CRIMINALJUSTICE
EMERGENCYRESPONSE
PUBLICHEALTH
SECURITY
INTEGRATEDINTELLIGENCE
SYSTEM
Local
State
Federal
INFORMATIONSOURCES
Cal-(IT)2 is Partnering With SAIC On Emergency Preparedness
The Salt Lake City Olympics SAIC Solution
GIS Based Crisis Management Software Tools--SAIC’s Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS)
• Prediction of Disaster Evolution– Hurricane, Earthquake, Terror
• Casualty Distribution Probabilities• Response Management
Source: SAIC
CATS California Governmental Users
• Burbank Fire Department
• Chino Valey Independent Fire District
• City of Anaheim
• City of Bakersfield Fire Department
• Colton Police Department
• Fremont Fire Department
• Kern County Fire Dept
• Idyllwild Fire Protection District
• Kings County Fire Department
• Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department
• Marin County Fire Department
• Metro Water District of Southern CA
• Red Bluff Police Department
• Sacramento Reg. Fire/EMS Comm Center
• San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Depart.
• San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District
• San Diego County of Environmental Health
• San Diego County Health and Human Services
• San Diego County Office of Disaster Preparedness
• San Diego Fire and Life Safety Services
• San Diego Police Department
• Shasta County Sherrif
• Yuba City Fire Department
HOTLINKs for Damage Locations using GPS and Digital Photos on
GIS
Integrate Remote Reconnaissance with Satellite Imagery and Ground SensorNets
Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering
HPWREN Can Provide High Speed Wireless Internet to Remote First Responders
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide24.JPG
California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention
Handheld Devices Can Have Supercomputers & Huge Databases “Inside Them”
802.11b Wireless
Interactive Access to:• State of Computer• Job Status• Application Codes
Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread Use of Wireless PDAs
• Makes Campus “Transparent”– See Into Departments, Labs, and Libraries
• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PC PDAs – Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and Engineering
• Software Developed– ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions– ActiveCampus: Geolocation and Resource Discovery– Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On
• Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002– Sixth College Will be “Born Wireless”– Theme: Art, Culture, and Technology– Study Adoption and Discover New Services
Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabrielle Wienhausen
ActiveCampus Explorer:PDA Roamer / FindMe Interface
Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE
Text/SMSText/SMS
Text/MailText/Mail
ImagesImagesMMSMMS
VideoVideoDownloadDownload
VideoVideoSteamingSteaming
The 3rd Generation Cellular InfrastructureWill Enable Broadband Personal Devices
Source: Ericsson
3G Is Estimated to Grow From 1.3% of the Wireless Market in 2002
to 23% in 2007
Cross Linking Fixed and Mobile Video Cameras--Making Collaboration Mobile
Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD
Researching the Use of Internet Robots in Disaster Assistance
Heads Up Displays for First Responders-Augmented Reality Overlaying the Physical and Cyber Realities
Source: Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT, Univ Washington, UCSD