State: MAHARASHTRA Agriculture Contingency Plan for ... · Horticultural crops – Fruits Total Area (‘000’ha) Mango 23.9 Cashew 4.3 Sapota 10.8 Other fruit crops 6.8 Flowers

State: MAHARASHTRAAgriculture Contingency Plan for District: Palghar

1.0 District Agriculture profile

District agriculture profile

1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone

Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Western Ghats And Coastal Plain, Hot Humid-Perhumid Eco-Region (19.1)Western Ghats And Coastal Plain, Hot Humid-Perhumid Eco-Region (19.3)

Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) West Coast Plains And Ghat Region (XII)

Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Konkan Coastal Zone (MH-2)

List all the districts or part there of fallingunder the NARP Zone

Thane and Raigad

Geographic coordinates of districtheadquarters

Latitude Longitude Altitude

19º10'54.21" N 72º57'38.59 "E 20 MSL

Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS

Dr. B.L. Thaware, Associate Director of Research,Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karjat- 410 201, Dist. Raigad

Mention the KVK located in the district Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kosbad hills, Tal- Dhanu, Dist. Thane (M.S.)- 401 703

Name and address of the nearest AgrometField Unit for agro- advisories in the zone

Technical Officer, Integrated Agro Advisory Services, Department of Agronomy, Dr. B.S. Konkan KrishiVidyapeeth, Dapoli - 415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.)

1.2 Rainfall NormalRF (mm)

Normal Rainydays (number)

Normal Onset(specify week and month)

Normal Cessation(specify week and month)

SW monsoon (June-Sep): 2471.7 77 1st week of June 2nd week of October

NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): - - - -

Post rainy showers (Oct-Dec): 104.8 7 - -

Winter (Jan- March) 3.3 - - -

Summer (Apr-May) 17.7 2 - -

Annual 2597.5 86 - -

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1.3 Land usepattern of thedistrict (lateststatistics)

Geographicalarea

Cultivablearea

Forestarea

Land undernon-agriculturaluse

Permanentpastures

Cultivablewasteland

Land underMisc. treecrops andgroves

Barren anduncultivableland

Currentfallows

Otherfallows

Area (‘000’ ha) 934 356 330 90 46 21 24 39 17 11Source -District Socio-economic Review -2010 (Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Govt. of Maharashtra)1. 4 Major Soils (Medium black soils) Area (‘000’ha) Percent (%) of total

Shallow Red soils 708.4 75.8Medium Red deep soils 221.9 23.7Deep soils 3.6 0.3

Source: - NBSS & LUP, Nagpur1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000’ha) Cropping intensity %

Net sown area 356

110.1Area sown more than once 36Gross cropped area 392

Source: District Socio-economic Review -2009 (Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Govt. of Maharashtra)

1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000’ha)

Net irrigated area 19.2Gross irrigated area 21.3Rainfed area 336.8Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000’ ha) Percentage of total irrigated areaCanals 15.0 78.1Tanks - - -Open wells 15967 2.0 10.4Bore wells 178

2.2 11.5Lift irrigation schemes 78Micro-irrigationOther sources (please specify)Total Irrigated Area 19.2 100.0Pump sets 21099No. of Tractors 2465

Source: District Socio-economic Review -2010 (Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Govt. of Maharashtra )

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1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2009-10)

1.7 Major Field crops cultivated Area (‘000’ ha)Kharif Rabi Summer Total

Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated RainfedRice - 136 3 - - 139Finger millet - 16 - - - 16

Proso millet - 11 - - - 11.0Pulses (Cowpea, blackgram, pigeonpea, chick pea, etc. )

- 12 9.7 - - 21.7

Groundnut - 3 0.1 - - 3.7Other oilseeds - 0.6 - -Horticultural crops – Fruits Total Area (‘000’ha)Mango 23.9Cashew 4.3Sapota 10.8Other fruit crops 6.8Flowers 0.4*

Groundwater availability and use* (Data source:State/Central Ground water Department /Board)

No. of blocks/Tahsils

(%) area Quality of water (specify the problemsuch as high levels of arsenic,fluoride, saline etc)

Over exploited - - -Critical - - -Semi- critical - - -Safe - - -Wastewater availability and use - - -Ground water quality

*over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70%

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Horticulture crops – VegetablesOkra, Brinjal, Chilli and Leafyvegetables etc.

7.2*

Plantation cropsCoconut 2.5Fodder crops -

Source: - Krishi Utpadan Karyakramachi Rupresha, Kharif and Rabi Hangam - 2010-11, Vibhagiy Sabha, Konkan Mahsul Vibhag.Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Maharashtra

*District Krishi Utpadan Aarakhda, Joint Director of Agriculture, Konkan Division, Thane1.8 Livestock Male Female Total

Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 288721 192005 480726Crossbred cattle 4093 8887 12980Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 2164 7059 9223Graded Buffaloes 0 0 0Goat 57853 173380 231233Sheep 78 58 136Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.)Commercial dairy farms (Number)

1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birdsCommercial - 3889813Backyard - 1717259

Source: Maharashtra Animal and Fisheries Science University, Nagpur1.10 Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer)

A. Capturei) Marine (Data Source: FisheriesDepartment)

No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storage facilities (Iceplants etc.)

Number of processingunit

Mechanized Non-mechanized

Mechanized(Trawl nets,

Gill nets)

Non-mechanized(Shore Seines,Stake & trap

nets)

101042 3002 1185 113160 16325 142

ii) Inland (Data Source: FisheriesDepartment)

No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks

63 35 237

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B. CultureWater Spread Area (‘000’ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (MT)

i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/Fisheries Department)

1.1 1.0 1147.0

ii) Fresh water (Data Source: FisheriesDepartment)

5.6 0.5 3197.7

1.11 Production and Productivity of major crops (Average of last 5 years: 2004, 05, 06, 07, 08; specify)

1.11 Name ofcrop

Kharif Rabi Summer Total Crop residue asfodder (‘000 tons)

Production (‘000 t)

Productivity (kg/ha)

Production (‘000t)

Productivity (kg/ha)

Production (‘000t)

Productivity

(kg/ha)

Production

(‘000t)

Productivity

(kg/ha)Major Field crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)

Rice 297.3 2156 6.0 2400 - - 303.3 2160 -

Finger millet 13.5 8540.4 1000

- -

20.2 726.6

-

Othercereals andmillets

6.3 543 - - -

Pulses 7.0 686 5.3 570 - - 12.3 630.8 -

Groundnut1.0 357

0.4 2000 - -1.6

2000 -

Other oilseed

0.2 333 333 -

Source: - Krishi Utpadan Karyakramachi Rupresha, Kharif and Rabi Hangam - 2010-11, Vibhagiy Sabha, Konkan Mahsul Vibhag.Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Maharashtra

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Major Horticultural crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)Mango 94.0 1.60 MT/haCashew 4.0 0.50 MT/haCoconuts 178 Lakh nuts 8000 nuts/haSapota 830.0 10.00 MT/haVegetables 846.0 12.00 MT/ha

Source: - District Krishi Utpadan Aarakhda, Joint Director of Agriculture, Konkan Division, Thane

1.12 Sowing window for 5 majorfield crops(start and end of normalsowing period)

Rice Finger millets Prosomillet Groundnut Sesame

Kharif- Rainfed 10th June to 10th July 2nd fortnight of June 2nd fortnight ofJune

- 2nd fortnight of July

Kharif-IrrigatedRabi- RainfedRabi-Irrigated 2nd fortnight of December - 2nd fortnight of

December2nd fortnight of November

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1.13 What is the major contingency the district is prone to? (Tick mark) Regular Occasional None

Drought

Flood

Cyclone

Hail storm

Heat wave

Cold wave

Frost

Sea water intrusion

Pests and disease outbreak (specify)1. Rice :- : Stem borer, bacterial blight, blast2. Finger millet :- Bacterial blight, blast3. Groundnut :- Early and late leaf spot

4. Mango: - Mealy bug, thrips, fruit fly, anthracnose, powdery mildew

5. Cashew :- Tea mosquito bug, thrips, aphids

6. Areca nut: - Koleroga and ganoderma rot

7. Sapota : Seed borer, bud borer, fruit drop

8. Coconut :- Rhinoceros beetle, eriophyid mite, black headed caterpillar

9. Okra : Fruit & shoot borer, white fly, yellow vein mosaic

10. Cucurbits: - Red pumpkin beetle, fruit fly, thrips, powdery & downy mildew

11. Brinjal :- Fruit & shoot borer, bacterial wilt

Others (specify) - - -

1.14 Include Digital maps of thedistrict for

Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: Yes

Mean monthly rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes

Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes

Annexure 1: Location Map of Palghar

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Annexure – 2

Annexure -3

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Soil map Palghar district (Source: - NBSS & LUP, Nagpur)

2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies2.1 Drought2.1.1 Rainfed situationCondition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)

Major Farming situation Normal Crop / Croppingsystem

Change in crop /cropping systemincluding variety

Agronomicmeasures

Remarks onImplementation

Delay by 2 weeks(3rd week of June)

Upland

medium deep to shallow soils

Rice No change Direct seeding/sowing of sproutedseeds

-

Finger millet -do-

Vegetable crops (Chilli,okra, bitter gourd, snakegourd)

-do- --

Sesame -do- -

Mid-land

medium deep soils

Rice -do- Sowing of sproutedseeds /grow nurseryby sowing sproutedseeds

Low land

deep soils

Rice -do- Sowing of sproutedseeds /grow nurseryby sowing sproutedseeds

Hill slope

shallow soils

Finger millet -do- -

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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)

Major Farming situation Normal Crop /Cropping system

Change in crop /cropping systemIncluding variety

Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation

**Delay by 4weeks (1st week ofJuly)

Upland farmingmedium deep to shallow soils

Rice Prefer early varieties

(Ratnagiri -73, Karjat-184, Karjat -3)

Sowing of sproutedseeds

Source of Seed :Maharashtra State Seedcorporation

Finger millet Short duration variety(H.R. 374)

--

Sesamum No Change -Vegetable crops (Chilli,okra, bitter gourd, snakegourd)

- --

Mid-land farmingmedium deep soils

Rice Prefer early varieties

(Ratnagiri -73, Karjat-184, Karjat -3)

Sowing of sproutedseeds.

Low land farmingdeep soils

Rice Mid-late duration variety

(Palghar- 1, Palghar- 2,Karjat- 5 etc)

Sowing of sproutedseeds /Grow nurseryby sowing sprouted

seeds.

Soils on hill slopeshallow soils

Finger millet Cowpea (Variety- KonkanSadabahar)., Black gram(Variety- TPU –4)

--

** Generally such type of situation has not occurred during past years

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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)




**Delay by 6weeks(3rd Week of July)

Uplandmedium deep to shallow soils

Not applicable

Note :- ** Generally such type of situation has not occurred during past yearsMid-landmedium deep soils

Low landdeep soilsHill slope

shallow soils

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early seasondrought (delayedonset)




**Delay by 8weeks (1st Weekof August)

Uplandmedium deep to shallow soils

Not applicable

Note :- ** Generally such type of situation has not occurred during past years

Mid-landmedium deep soils

Low landdeep soilsHill slopeshallow soils

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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (Normalonset)

Major Farmingsituation

NormalCrop/croppingsystem

Crop management Soil nutrient & moistureconservation measures


Normal onsetfollowed by 15-20days dry spell atthe time oftransplanting

Upland

medium deep toshallow soils

Rice Increase number of seedling perhill (5 to 6)

Increase 25% nitrogen dose

Adopt closer spacing (15 x15cm)

For shortage of seedling prepareseedling by mat nursery usingshort duration variety.

Protective irrigation Use water from theoutside sources like farmponds, nalas, streams,rivers for puddlingoperation

Finger millet Increase 25% nitrogen dose

Adopt closer spacing (15 x15)

Protective irrigation aftertransplanting

Vegetables - Protective irrigation/mulching with Glyricidia

green leaves/ weedmanagement

Mid-land

medium deep soils

Rice Increase number of seedling perhill (5 to 6)

Increase 25% nitrogen dose

Adopt closer spacing

Protective irrigation

Low land

deep soils

Rice

Hill slope

shallow soils

Finger millet Increase 25% nitrogen dose

Adopt closer spacing


15

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMid seasondrought (longdry spell,consecutive 2weeks rainless(>2.5 mm)period)

Major Farming situation Normal Crop/croppingsystem

Crop management Soil nutrient &moistureconservationmeasures


At vegetativestage

Upland


Rice Apply split dose ofNitrogen after restartof rains

Adopt weedmanagement practice

Protective irrigation -

Finger millet

Vegetable Apply split dose ofNitrogen after restartof rains

Protectiveirrigation

Mulching withleaf lopping

Mid-land

medium deep soils

Rice Apply split dose ofNitrogen after restartof rains


Maintain the existingwater level in thefield.

Protective irrigationLow land

deep soils

Rice

Hill slope

shallow soils

Finger millet Postpone the split doseof Nitrogenapplication


Give protectiveirrigation if possible

16

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMid seasondrought (longdry spell)


Crop management Soil nutrient &moistureconservationmeasures


At flowering/fruiting stage

Upland


Rice - Protectiveirrigation

Green leafmulching

-

Finger millet

Vegetables - Protective irrigationMulching with leaf

lopping

Mid-land

medium deep soils

Rice - Maintain the existingwater level in the field.


Low land

deep soils

Rice

Hill slope

shallow soils

Finger millet - Protective irrigation


Terminal drought Major Farming situation Normal Crop/croppingsystem

Crop management Rabi crop planning Remarks onImplementation

(Early withdrawalof monsoon)

Upland farmingmedium deep to shallow soils

Rice Harvest crops atphysiological maturity

Wal (Lablab bean),Blackgram, ,

Finger millet

17

Cowpea, MustardSunflower,Groundnut, SesameVegetables like Okra,Brinjal, Knol khol,Chilli, Capsicum,Tomato, Leafyvegetables, Melonsand Cucurbitaceouscrops, Seasonalflowers in irrigatedarea

Vegetables Protective irrigation

Mid-land farmingmedium deep soils

Rice Protective irrigation

Harvest crop atphysiological maturity

Wal (Lablab bean),Blackgram, ,Bengalgram,Cowpea, MustardSunflower,Groundnut, SesameVegetables like Okra,Brinjal, Knol khol,Chilli, Capsicum,Tomato, Leafyvegetables, Melonsand Cucurbitaceouscrops, Seasonalflowers in irrigatedarea

Use water from the outsidesources like farm ponds,nalas, streams, rivers, etc.Low land farming

deep soils

Rice

Soils on hill slopeshallow soils

Finger millet Harvest crop atphysiological maturity

-

2.1.2 Irrigated situation

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Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal Crop/cropping

systemChange in crop/croppingsystem

Agronomicmeasures


Delayed release ofwater in canalsdue to low rainfall

Mid and low landMedium deep to deep soils

Rice (Rabi – hot weatherseason)

Prefer short durationvariety (Karjat –3,Karjat 184, Karjat 7)

Grow oil seed likegroundnut (KonkanGaurav, SB XI, Phulepragati).

Grow short durationpulse like cowpea(Konkan sadabahar),

Mat technique ofnursery raising /Direct seeding/Sowing of sproutedseeds (Rahu)

-

Groundnut No change

Seasamum No change

Pulses (Wal, Cowpea,Greengram)

No change

Vegetables(Cucurbitaceous andSolanaceous crops, Okraetc.)

No change

Water melon No change

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farmingsituation

Normal Crop/croppingsystem

Change in crop/croppingsystem

Agronomicmeasures


Limited release ofwater in canalsdue to low rainfall

Mid and low landMedium deep to deepsoils

Rice (Rabi season) Grow short durationpulses, groundnut andvegetables.

Protective irrigation -

Groundnut No change Protective irrigation,Mulching should befollowed

Sesame No change Protective irrigation

19


Normal Crop/croppingsystem


Agronomicmeasures


Pulses (Wal, cowpea,horsegram, greengram, Bengalgram)

No change -do-

Vegetables ( Capsicum,cucurbitaceous and solanaceouscrops, okra etc.)

No change -do-

Water melon No change --


Normal Crop/cropping system Change in crop/croppingsystem

Agronomicmeasures


Non release ofwater in canalsunder delayedonset ofmonsoon incatchment

Mid and low landMedium deep to deepsoils

Rice (Rabi season) Wal (lablab bean),horsegram, blackgram,greengram, bengalgram,cowpea, sesame andmustard on residualmoisture.

Minimum tillage andsowing of seed bydibbling, relaycropping

-

Groundnut

Sesame

Pulses (Cowpea, horsegram,greengram, bengalgram, Pea etc.)Vegetables (Cucurbitaceous andsolanaceous crop, okra etc.)Water melon Wal (Lablab bean),

horsegram, greengrambengal gram, sesamum onresidual moisture




Agronomicmeasures


Lack of inflowsinto tanks due toinsufficient/delayed onset of

Mid and low land

Medium deep to deep soilsRice (Rabi season) Wal (lablab bean),

horsegram, blackgram,greengram, bengal gram, ,cowpea, sesame andmustard on residual

Minimum tillage andsowing of seed bydibbling, relaycropping

-

Groundnut

Sesame

20


Normal Crop/cropping system Change in crop/croppingsystem

Agronomicmeasures


monsoon Pulses (Cowpea,horsegram, greengram)

moisture.

Vegetables(Cucurbitaceous andsolanaceous crop, okraetc.)

Water melon


Major Farming situation Normal Crop/cropping system Change incrop/croppingsystem

Agronomicmeasures


Insufficientgroundwaterrecharge due tolow rainfall

Mid and low land

Medium deep to deep soilsRice (Rabi season) Not applicable

Groundnut

Sesame

Pulses (cowpea, horsegram,Greengram)

Vegetables (cucurbitaceous andsolanaceous crop, okra etc.)

Watermelon

Any othercondition(specify)

---- ---- ----

2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)

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Condition Suggested contingency measure

Continuous highrainfall in a shortspan leading towater logging

Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest

Rice Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out water and harvest thecrop before lodging

Immediate threshing anddrying in shade

Fingermillets Not applicable as the crop is grown on sloppy soils Immediate threshing and dryin shade

Groundnut Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out water and harvest thecrop immediately

Separate the podsimmediately and dry inshade.

Sesamum -do- -do- Drain out excess water ---

HorticultureCucurbitaceous crop Drain out excess water

Repair the pendolDrain out excess waterRepair the pendol

Drain out excess water-

Solanaceous crop Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water -

Mango If heavy rainfall occurs during15th July to 15th Aug. Postponepaclabutrazol application tillcongenial condition arrives forinducing flowering (Dose ofpaclabutrazol @ of 0.75 g/ a.i.per meter average canopydiameter)

- - -

Banana Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water

Sapota Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water

Seasonal flower Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water andharvest at proper stage

Heavy rainfall with high speedwinds in a short spanRice Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out water and harvest the Immediate threshing and

22

crop at maturity immediately incase of crop lodging

drying in shade

Finger millet Not applicable as the crop is grown on sloppy soils Harvest the crop at maturitybefore its lodging.

-do-

Groundnut Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Harvest the crop immediately Separate the podimmediately and dry in shade

Sesame -do- -do- Drain out excess water -

HorticultureCucurbitaceous crop Drain out excess water

Repair the pendolDrain out excess waterRepair the pendol

Drain out excess water Harvest at proper stage

Solanaceous crop Drain out excess waterDo staking

Drain out excess waterDo staking

Drain out excess water Harvest at proper stage

Mango Prune the broken branches andapply Carbaryl (50WP) mixedwith Bordeaux paste on cutsurface and trunk.

- Collect and utilize fallen fruitimmediately for suitableprocessing

-

Cashew Prune the broken branches andapply Carbaryl (50WP) mixedwith Bordeaux paste on cutsurface and trunk.

- -

-

Banana Drain out excess waterDo staking to prevent lodging

Flowers of broken plant maybe used for vegetables

Fruit of broken plants may beused as vegetable. -

Sapota Prune the broken branches andapply Carbaryl (50WP) mixedwith Bordeaux paste on cutsurface and trunk.

- - -

Seasonal flowers Drain out excess waterDo staking to prevent lodging

Drain out excess waterDo staking

Drain out excess waterDo staking -

Outbreak of pests and diseasesdue to unseasonal rainsRice Spraying of carbendazim 0.1% or

copper oxy chloride 0.25% ortricyclazole 0.1% to control blastdisease

Spraying of carbendazim0.1% or copper oxy chloride0.25% or tricyclazole 0.1% tocontrol blast disease

- -

Finger millet - - - -

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Groundnut Spraying with carbendazim 0.1%or propiconazole 0.1% ortridemorph 0.1% to control earlyand late leaf spot

Spraying with carbendazim0.1% or propiconazole 0.1%or tridemorph 0.1% to controlearly and late leaf spot

- -

HorticultureCucurbitaceous crop - --

Install Rakshak I trap to controlfruit fly

-

Solanaceous crop - -

Mango 2 sprays at 15 days interval ofphosalone 0.05% and carbaryl 0.2% for control of mango hoppershoot borer.spraying with 1% bordeauxmixture or 0.1% carbendazim or0.1% thiophenate methyl tocontrol anthracnose,

Spraying with 0.2% W.P.sulphur dust or 0.05%hexaconazol or 0.1%tridemorph to controlpowdery mildew

Install Rakshak I trap to controlfruit fly

Dipping fruits in 0.05%carbendazim for 10 min.

after harvest to control postharvest rot

Cashew Spay with carbaryl 0.2 % after therains to control tea mosquito bug.

- - -

Sapota Spray of fenvalerate 0.01 % tomanage sapota bud borer.

Spray of carbaryl 0.2 % tomanage sapota seed borer.spraying of metalaxyl +mancozeb containing complexfungicide @ 2-2.5 g/lit tocontrol fruit drop

- Collect and destroy the fallenand infected fruits

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2.3 Floods

Condition Suggested contingency measure

Transient water logging/partial inundation

Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest

Rice Resowing of nursery by using matnursery/Sowing of sprouted seedson puddled field

Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Immediate harvesting,threshing and dry in shade

Fingermillets Nor applicable since these crops are grown on well drained soils.

Groundnut

Sesame

Horticulture (Vegetables)

Cucurbitaceous crop

Solanaceous crop

Flower crops

Continuous submergencefor more than 2 days

Rice Re sowing of nursery by usingmat nursery/ Sowing of sproutedseeds on puddle field (Rahu)

Drain out excess water

Apply 25 kg N per ha.after submergence is over

Drain out excess water Immediate harvesting,threshing and dry in shed

Finger millet Nor applicable since these crops are grown on well drained soils.

Groundnut

Sesame


Cucurbitaceous crop

Solanecious crop

Flower crops

Sea water intrusion

25

Rice Strengthening of creek bundand sea wall to prevent seawater intrusion

Drain out sea water, Irrigatethe affected area with freshwater and drain out, If washout resowing of nursery withsalt tolerant varieties likePanvel -1 and Panvel -2

Strengthening of creekbund and sea wall toprevent sea waterintrusion

Drain out sea water,Irrigate the affected areawith fresh water and drainout

Strengthening of creek bundand sea wall to prevent seawater intrusion

Drain out sea water, Irrigatethe affected area with freshwater and drain out


Drain out sea water,Irrigate the affected areawith fresh water anddrain out

Finger millets Nor applicable since these crops are grown on well drained soils.

Groundnut

Black gram


Cucurbitaceous crop

Solanecious crop

Flower crops

Coconut Strengthening of creek bundand sea wall to prevent seawater intrusion

Drain out sea water, Irrigatethe affected area with freshwater and drain out excesswater

Mound the crop with soil


Drain out sea water,Irrigate the affected areawith fresh water and drainout

Strengthening of creek bundand sea wall to prevent seawater intrusion

Drain out sea water, Irrigatethe affected area with freshwater and drain out


Drain out sea water,Irrigate the affected areawith fresh water anddrain out

2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone

Extreme event type Suggested contingency measure

Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest

Heat Wave

Mango Cover with shade net /Protectiveirrigation

Water spray/ 1% potassiumnitrate spray

Collect dropped fruits and use itfor suitable processing

Collect dropped fruits anduse it for suitable processing

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Water spray

Cashew -do- Protective irrigation Protective irrigation -

Coconut -do- Frequent irrigation Frequent irrigation Frequent irrigation

Arecanut Cover with shade net /ProtectiveirrigationWater spray

- - -

Cucurbitaceous crop Protective irrigationWater spray

Protective irrigationWater spray

Protective irrigationWater spray

-

Solanaceous crop -do- -do- -do- -

Flower crops -do- -do- -do- -

Cyclone Not applicable

Cold wave

Frost

Hailstorm

2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries2.5.1 Livestock

Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the eventFeed andfodderavailability

Conservation of green fodder as silage dryfodder as hay in flush season for utilization inlean period

Dry fodder available should be processed i.e.Urea treatment of crop residues to enhancetheir nutritive value. For this inputs such astraining of livestock owners, material likeurea, polythene sheet etc may be provided freeof cost to the livestock owners.

Judicial use of available feed resources by thelivestock owners.

Non conventional feed resources such asNeem seed Cake/ Sal seed Meal/ Mango seed

Judicious use of feed resources processed asper type of livestock possessed by thelivestock owners.

Distribution of fodder, UMMB blocks, otherfeed resources stored in the affected area tothe livestock owners as per the number andtype of livestock possessed.

Mineral supplementation – Mineral mixturebe provided for the livestock@50g/day/Anim.

Disposal/Transfer of the animals in the areahaving feed resources availability.

Concentrate feeding for productive animals

Green fodder production in nextKharif season needs to beundertaken as a source of fodderat earliest.

Mineral Supplementation shouldbe continued.

Concentrate feeding forproductive animals so as tocompensate the body conditionand production.

The animals must be broughtinto cyclic stage forreproduction.

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Kernels/ Babul pods etc should be collectedand stored.

Concentrate ingredients such as Grains, brans,chunnies & oilseed cakes, low grade grains,Govt. Godowns wastes, grains unfit for humanconsumption etc. should be procured forproductive animals.

Urea molasses mineral blocks (UMMB) maybe reserved with NDDB, Anand, Gujarat foremergency supply as concentrate.

Sugarcane bagasse, cane tops and molassesform important byproducts. Sugarcanebagasse- is an important feed resource forruminants.

Tree leaves are easily available. Leaves ofneem, mango, banyan, pipal, babul, subabul,mahuva, etc. can be used as green fodder.Tree leaves are good source of protein,calcium, Vitamin A and hence should bereserved for feeding during drought.

Cactus is primarily found in deserts hence it iseasily available during scarcity also. As suchit is not used for feeding animals but duringscarcity it can be used.

Mineral mixture should be procured andstored for supply.

Fodder Banks: Grasses & tree leaves:Grasses from periphery of forest areawastelands & farmlands & Dry fallen foresttree leaves may be harvested & stored ashay in bales.

Fodder Bank: Crop Residues: The majorcereals like rice & wheat straws are moreimportant for this purpose. Next are coarsecereals, legumes, haulms left after removinggrains from the crops. These may be stored inthese banks to be established at each Talukain the drought area.

Govt. should provide support to farmers for

to support minimum production & life savingof the important animals.

Other non productive animals are to be fed atsubsistence level.

Use of food grains for biodiesel anddistilleries should be stopped and the grainsbe spared for productive animals.

Bypass protein concentrate ingredients maybe provided in order to harvest maximumnutrients for productive animals particularlyhigh productive crossbred cows.

Top feeds should be used during scarcityperiod only.

Oil seed cakes are good source of proteinsand hence should be used for productiveanimals only.

Feed supplements/ Additives needs to beused widely for productive animals.

Establishment of Cattle camps at identifiedsites.

NGOs/Gorakshan Sanstha etc. identified tobe involved for participation/implementation.

Feed resources @ 7 kg.dry fodder/ day/adultanimal for maintenance 2.0 kg. concentratemixture/day/adult animal for supportingminimum milk production.

Adaptation of proper distribution policy asper requirement with transport facility.

Regular rest periods for working animalsparticularly bulls during hot period of theday.

Capture and care of stray animals. The unproductive/surplus livestock needs to

be culled/disposed. Sale of feed and fodder from the affected

area to non affected area should be banned. Distribute fodder at reasonable rate. Monitoring feed and fodder prices.

Young crossbred livestock needsto be attended properly so as toharness the high productivity.

Adlib. feeding may be practicedwith balancing the nutrientsrequired.

The unproductive/surpluslivestock needs to beculled/disposed.

Livestock suitable with thefarming system practiced onlyshould be maintained.

Mechanization in agricultureneeds to be encouraged.

Feed processing needs to beencouraged in order to minimizethe wastage of feed resources.

In-situ storage and feeding ofprocessed animal feed resourcesby the livestock owners needs tobe encouraged.

Readiness for feed and fodderbank as and when required foreach districts with transportfacility.

Review of shortfalls in planningand refining action plan thebefore and during event.

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making stacks, bailing & storage. State Animal feed resources Grid needs to be

established so as to provide feed resourcesduring scarcity period.

Cattle camp sites needs to be identified. NGOs/Gorakshan Sanstha etc. needs to be

identified. Anticipated number of livestock & feed

resources to be provided needs to be assessed. Livestock registration should be compulsory

with identification by tagging Preparedness of veterinary services to drought

prone areas. Encourage farmers to cultivate fodder crops. Identification of the site for fodder depot. Facility to store fodder by creating centralized

silage making facility with provision fortransport.

Forage production and storage of fodder inirrigated areas.

Assessment of risk and vulnerability. Formation of village Disaster Management

Committee. Establishment of drought monitoring system

or early warning system.

Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the eventDrinkingwater

Water resources as in general areinadequate and hence the resources shouldbe trapped and increased.

Available rain water harvesting techniqueshould be adopted i.e. farm ponds etc.

Water conservations measures be adopted toincrease water table like recharging of borewells.

Special distribution and carrying capacityshould be implemented from otheravailable resources.

Water should be used as per therequirement of animals (@10-15 lit/ 100kg body weight).

Drinking water should not be used forwashing animals.

Permanent water resources should bedeveloped with campaign for publicawareness.

Steps should be taken to conservewater.

Ensure fresh clean and cold watersupply to livestock.

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Available water resources should be tappedand reserved.

Water harvesting measures like farm pondsalternative water sources, Nalabunding/check dams etc. needs to beundertaken.

Judicious use of water in agriculture i.e.through drip/sprinkler irrigation.

Wastage of water needs to be curbed. Rain water harvesting measures need to be

implemented at village level. Proper utilization of Water to save water. Equal water distribution plan may be

implemented. Cloud seeding desalination, recycle sewage

water, transvasment river project etc.

Clean and chlorinated water be providedto prevent water borne diseases.

Special distribution and carrying capacityshould be supplemented from otheravailable resources.

Water for irrigation should be stopped. Judicious use of water for livestock. Supply of water through tankers during

contingency. Private water resources such as wells

shall be used for drinking water. Proper utilization of Water to save water. In vicinity of animal camp or chavani

creation of borewell.

Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the eventHealth anddiseasemanagement

Personnel should be trained for health anddisease management through trainings andlist of trained personnel should be availableat each district head quarter with stock oflife saving medicine for livestock.

Vaccination of animals for various diseasesaccording to season.

Deworming and spraying be done to get ridof endoparasites and ectoparasites to keepthe health of animals in good condition.

Personnels should be trained for health anddisease management through training

List of trained personnel should be availableat each district head quarter.

Feedadditives/Tonics/ Vitamin supplementsshould be stocked.

Services of trained personnel need to bemade available in affected area withsufficient supply of life saving medicineof livestock.

A team of veterinary experts be deployedfor health management of drought hitlivestock.

During occurrence of disease, affectedanimals should be kept isolated andtreated properly and promptly.

Vaccination against contagious diseaseslike HS, FMD, Theileriosis be carriedout.

Mineral mixture be provided to take careof deficiency disorders.

Tick control measures be undertaken to

Routine training programme asa refresher course need to beimplemented in relation tohealth and diseasemanagement during droughtwith stock of life savingmedicine for livestock.

There will be stress on animalsdue to deterioration of healthduring drought period.

Concentrates and vitamin-mineral supplements beprovided to minimize the stresson animals.

The animals should beobserved for signs of

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Vaccines, Insecticides, disinfectants anddewormers needs to be stocked.

Records/PM/ Carcass disposal arrangementsneeds to be ensured.

Training of farmers for maintainingoptimum health of animals, balance rationand recognize early signs of disease andmanagemental shortfalls.

Create temporary shade shelters to preventheat stress on the animals. (animal camps)

Supply of Mineral and Vitamins mixture. Application of preventive and control

measures of SP & MD.

prevent tick borne diseases in animalsunder stress.

Deworming should be carried out. Feed additives/Tonics/Vitamin

supplements should be provided. Post Mortem /record keeping/carcass

disposal arrangements be effected. Restriction on movement of the animals

to prevent the spread of diseases. Periodic disinfection and disinfestations

of premises where animals are kept. Permission of only healthy and

vaccinated animals in cattle market. By proper treatment with supervision and

exercise over starvation. Special transport facility of mobile van

for veterinary team be deployed.

contagious diseases ordeficiency disorders.

Vaccination spraying anddeworming programme needsto be undertaken.

Record of affected livestock tobe submitted for compensationof the loss.

Farm disinfection anddisinfestations.

Assessment of losses due tomortality if any.

Suggested contingency measuresFlood Before the event During the event After the event

Feed andfodderavailability

Identification of flood prone zones and floodforecasting.

Installation of early warning systems. Steps to prevent spoilage of food and water

supply due to flood water. Dedicated helpline to emergency contact and

communication at taluka level. Avoid construction of farm buildings in

flood risk areas. Local ponds and canals regularly inspected

and cleared off from obstruction Adequate stock of Tetanus toxoid. Change cropping pattern according to flood

risk periods. Storage of available fodder at safe place

before rainy season. Training of local personnel for disaster

Quick evacuation of livestock from floodplane areas before area become flooded

Prevent outflow of manure pit in river Proper feed, vaccine, drugs, disinfectants

and feed supplement distribution policyadopted with transport facility.

Prevent spoilage of food and watersupply

Judicious use of feed resources processedas per type of livestock possessed by thelivestock owners.

Distribution of fodder, UMMB blocks,other feed resources stored in the affectedarea to the livestock owners as per thenumber and type of livestock possessed.

Mineral supplementation-mineral mixturebe provided for the livestock@50

Green fodder productionin next Kharip seasonneeds to be undertaken asa source of fodder atearliest. Fodder seed ofimproved fodder cropvarieties needs to bedistributed.

Mineral Supplementationshould be continued.

Concentrate feeding forproductive animals so asto compensate the bodycondition and production.

The animals must bebrought into cyclic stagefor reproduction.

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management. Dry fodder available should be processed

i.e. Urea treatment of crop residues toenhance their nutritive value. For this inputssuch as training of livestock owners,material like urea, polythene sheet etc maybe provided free of cost to the livestockowners.

Judicial use of available feed resources bythe livestock owners.

Non conventional feed resources such asNeem seed Cake/ Sal seed Meal/ Mangoseed Kernels/ Babul pods etc should becollected and stored.

Concentrate ingredients such as Grains,brans, chunnies & oilseed cakes, low gradegrains, Govt Godowns wastes, grains unfitfor human consumption etc. should beprocured for productive animals.

Urea molasses mineral blocks (UMMB)may be reserved with NDDB, Anand,Gujarat for emergency supply asconcentrate.

Sugarcane bagasse, cane tops and molassesform important byproducts. Sugarcanebagasse- is an important feed resource forruminants.

Tree leaves are easily available. Leaves ofneem, mango, banyan, pipal, babul, subabul,mahuva, etc. can be used as green fodder.Tree leaves are good source of protein,calcium, Vitamin A & hence should bereserved for feeding during drought.

Cactus is primarily found in deserts hence itis easily available during scarcity also. Assuch it is not used for feeding animals butduring scarcity it can be used.

Mineral mixture should be procured andstored for supply.

g/day/Anim. Disposal/Transfer of the animals in the

area having feed resources availability. Concentrate feeding for productive

animals to support minimum production& life saving of the important animals.

Other non productive animals are to befed at subsistence level.

Use of food grains for biodisel anddistillaries should be stopped and thegrains be spared for productive animals.

Bypass protein concentrate ingredintsmay be provided in order to harvestmaximum nutrients for productiveanimals particularly high productivecrossbred cows.

Top feeds should be used during scarcityperiod only.

Oil seed cakes are good source ofproteins and hence should be used forproductive animals only.

Feed supplements/ Additives needs to beused widely for productive animals.

Establishment of Cattle camps atidentified sites.

NGOs/Gorakshan Sanstha etc. identifiedto be involved for participation/implementation.

Feed resources @ 7 kg. dryfodder/day/adult animal for maintainance2.0 kg. concentrate mixture/day/adultanimal for supporting minimum milkproduction.

The stored feeds & fodder can be used tofeed the animals & if it is short thenFodder resources should be exploitedwith sufficient transport facilities fromother areas of the district.

Young crossbred livestockneeds to be attendedproperly so as to harnessthe high productivity.

Adlib. feeding may bepracticed with balancingthe nutrients required.

The unproductive/surpluslivestock needs to beculled/disposed.

Livestock suitable with thefarming system practicedonly should be maintained.

Mechanization inagriculture needs to beencouraged.

Feed processing needs tobe encouraged in order tominimize the wastage offeed resources.

In-situ storage and feedingof processed animal feedresources by the livestockowners needs to beencouraged.

Fodder resources shouldbe exploited withsufficient transportfacilities from other areasof the district even afterthe event.

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Fodder Banks: Grasses & tree leaves:Grasses from periphery of forest areawastelands & farmlands & Dry fallen foresttree leaves may be harvested & stored ashay in bales.

Fodder Bank: Crop Residues: The majorcereals like rice & wheat straws are moreimportant for this purpose. Next are coarsecereals, legumes, haulms left after removinggrains from the crops. These may be storedin these banksto be established at eachTaluka in the drought area.

Govt. should provide support to farmers formaking stacks, bailing & storage.

State Animal feed resources Grid needs tobe established so as to provide feedresources during scarcity period.

Cattle camp sites needs to be identified. NGOs/Gorakshan Sanstha etc. needs to be

identified. Anticipated number of livestock & feed

resources to be provided needs to beassessed.

Information at every district head quarterregarding availability of fodder resourcesfrom other areas for exploitation should bemade available. A storehouse can beprepared at a highest point in the city wherefeeds & fodder (silage) can be stored foremergency use.

Suggested contingency measuresFlood Before the event During the event After the eventDrinkingwater

Sufficient storage capacity should be madeavailable particularly during rainy season inview of the forecasting of the flood. Rain water

Sufficient facility for transportation withadvanced proper planning should be made inthe areas of each district.

Sufficient infrastructure facilityfor transportation with advancedproper planning should be made in

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harvesting should be done in all districts. Everydistrict should be made self-sufficient. Everydistrict gas plenty of rain water which should beharvested so that these areas should becomeself-sufficient & if required they should be ableto provide water to other dry areas too. The rainwater should not be wasted in sea.

Shelters & temporary camps should be set up ata height in city area as well as in suburbs afterchoosing the right location for each area. Sameprovisions should be done in other Konkandistricts.

Bore well facilities should be exploited indistricts for supply of clean water.Contamination of local water resources due toflood water should be prevented

Potable drinking water source should be there tosupply water to animals.

Every society should implement rain harvestingsystem, so that water can be stored for usewhole year long. Water problem likely to befaced in future. Water harvesting measures likefarm ponds alternative water sources, Nalabunding/check dams etc. needs to beundertaken.

Judicious use of water in agriculture i.e. throughdrip/sprinkler irrigation.

Wastage of water needs to be curbed. Rain water harvesting measures needs to be

implemented even at village level withestablishment of water Storage and Purificationfacility

During flood condition there will be pollutedwater, whatever potable drinking watersource is available should be used withalmost care.

Disinfection of drinking water i.e.chlorination of water should be carried outStop use of drinking water for animals fromcontaminated water resources.

Disinfection of the water for consumption ofthe animals should be carried out to preventwater-borne diseases. Aerosol spray of thedisinfectant for preventing spread of airborneinfections should be carried out. Shelters &temporary camps for displaced animalsshould be set up with proper sanitationfacilities.

Judicious use of water for livestock. Water tankers provision Private water resources such as wells shall be

used for drinking water availability only.

the areas of each district. Clean disinfected water from bore

well or rain harvested water maybe supplied to the animals aswater-borne infections arecommon after floods.

Sources of potable drinking watershould be tapped for its properuse.

Permanent water resources shouldbe developed with campaign forpublic awareness.

Water storage facility createdaway from the flooded area.

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Suggested contingency measuresFlood Before the event After the event

Health anddiseasemanagement

Personnel should be trained for health anddisease management through trainings and listof trained personnel should be available ateach district head quarter for flood affectedareas with stock of life saving medicine forlivestock.

Vaccination of animals for various diseasesaccording to season.

Deworming and spraying be done to get rid ofendoparasites and ectoparasites to keep thehealth of animals in good condition.

Stock of life saving medicine be made. Disaster management team of veterinarians be

constituted at district/taluka/panchayat level. Training to veterinarians in health and disease

management during flood disaster be given. Awareness amongst farmers regarding health

care practices during flood disaster beundertaken.

Feedadditives/Tonics/ Vitamin supplementsshould be stocked.

Vaccines /Dewormers needs to be stocked. Records/PM/ Carcass disposal arrangements

needs to be ensured. In flood prone area pucca cattle shed should

be constructed. Preparation of walls and hips to keep flood

water away from village. Supply of Mineral and Vitamins mixture. Application of preventive and control


Services of trained personnel need to bemade available in affected area withsufficient supply of life saving medicine oflivestock.

Shifting of the animals at suitable place fortemporary shelter.

Disaster management team of veterinariansbe deployed.

Makeshift Veterinary medical facilitiesshould be created at the site nearer todisaster place.

Various referral centers in the diseasediagnostics should be roped in for detectionof infections which cannot be diagnosed atfield level.

Various diagnostic facilities with moderntechniques should be made available atTahsil level besides district level so thatmore number of farmers may approach fordiagnosis & treatment.

Adequate nutrition including vitamin-mineral supplements should be given toanimals to keep their health in propercondition.

During occurrence of contagious diseases,affected animals should be kept isolated andtreated properly. Isolation and treatment ofailing animals viz. hypothermia, wound,diarrhoea and pneumonia be undertaken.

Vaccination against HS, BQ and FMD inbovines and PPR and enterotoxaemia insmall ruminants should be undertaken.

Deworming and spraying of apparentlyhealthy animals be carried out.

Use of antivenum in snake bites cases. Feed additives/Tonics/Vitamin supplements

Routine training programme as a refreshercourse need to be implemented in relationto health and disease management duringflood with stock of life saving medicine forlivestock.

After flood condition there are chances ofoccurrence of specific diseases.

Preventive measures should be taken toreduce occurrence of diseases. Vaccinationand deworming programme needs to beundertaken.

Animals should closely be observed fornew/re-emerging diseases.

Proper disposal of carcass is veryimportant in flood affected areas frompublic health point of view Methods ofdisposing of dead animals include burning,burying and composting

Disinfection of animal sheds with 2%formaldehyde / 4% caustic soda.

Provide proper shelter to protect animalsfrom cold and rain.

Record of affected livestock to besubmitted for compensation of the loss.

In regular flood prone areas defenses suchas levees, bunds, reservoirs and weivsshould be used for future preventions.

35

should be provided. Vaccination anddeworming programme needs to beundertaken.

Post mortem /record keeping/carcassdisposal arrangements be effected.

Disinfect the premises with bleachingpowder and lime.

Turn off electrical power. Training of farmers for maintaining

optimum health of animals, balance rationand recognize early signs of disease andmanagemental shortfalls during floods.

During severe regular flood, shifting ofvillage away from river or changing thepath of river away from village.

Suggested contingency measuresCyclone Before the events During the event After the eventFeed andfodderavailability

There should be availability of fodder depotone each for every district.

Information at every district head quarterregarding availability of fodder resourcesfrom other areas for exploitation should bemade available. A storehouse can be preparedat a highest point in the district where feeds &fodder (silage) can be stored for emergencyuse. The store house should have proper wallson all sides with one entrance to avoid effectof cyclone.

Feed & fodder should be stored as emergencystock in Govt. warehouses which can bedistributed to areas that need them.


The stored feeds & fodder can be used tofeed the animals & if it is short then Fodderresources should be exploited withsufficient transport facilities from otherareas of the district.

Readiness for feed and fodder bank as andwhen required for each districts withtransport facility should be created.

36

Suggested contingency measuresCyclone Before the event During the event After the event

Drinkingwater

Water resources as in general are inadequateand hence the resources should be trapped andincreased.

Rain water harvesting should be done in alldistricts. Every district should be made self-sufficient. Each district has plenty of rainwater which should be harvested so that theseareas are self-sufficient & if required theyshould be able to provide water to other dryareas too. The rain water should not be wastedin sea.

Walls of the well should be constructed muchabove the ground level to avoidcontamination.

Special distribution and carrying capacityshould be implemented from other availableresources.

Rain harvested water & bore well watershould be disinfected & provided to theanimals.

Special distribution and carrying capacityshould be implemented from other availableresources.

Disinfection of the water for consumptionof the animals should be carried out toprevent water-borne diseases. Aerosol sprayof the disinfectant for preventing spread ofairborne infections should be carried out.Shelters & temporary camps for displacedanimals should be set up with propersanitation facilities

Permanent water resources should bedeveloped even after the event withcampaign for public awareness.

Suggested contingency measuresCyclone Before the events During the event After the event

Health anddisease

management

Personnel should be trained for health anddisease management through trainings and listof trained personnel should be available ateach district head quarter for cyclone affectingareas with stock of life saving medicine forlivestock.

Vaccination against common infections likeFMD, swine fever, black quarter, anthrax,haemorrhagic septicaemia, etc. should begiven to animals.

Stock of medicines should be kept availablefor use during cyclone.

The walls and roofs of the cow sheds shouldbe well secured.

Keep watch on weather and listen to radioor TV and make others alert by warning.

Shift the animals at safer place or in wellsecured cattle sheds.

The wall and roofs of the cow sheds shouldbe well secured.

Loose poles & tree branches should beremoved, which may become harmfulduring extreme wind.

Services of trained personnel need to bemade available in cyclone affected areawith sufficient supply of life savingmedicine of livestock.

Makeshift Veterinary medical facilities

Routine training programme as a refreshercourse need to be implemented in relationto health and disease management duringcyclone with stock of life saving medicinefor livestock.

Do not free the animals unless all clear orofficially advised it is safe.

37

Loose poles & tree branches should beremoved, which may become harmful duringextreme wind.

Supply of Mineral and Vitamins mixture. Application of preventive and control


should be created at the site nearer todisaster place.

Various referral centers in the diseasediagnostics should be roped in for detectionof infections which cannot be diagnosed atfield level.

Various diagnostic facilities with moderntechniques should be made available atTahesil level besides district level so thatmore number of farmers may approach fordiagnosis & treatment.

2.5.2 Poultry

Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the eventShortage offeedingredients

There should be availability of feed, feedingredients and mineral mixtures withsufficient storage capacity for every district.

Registration of poultry farms madecompulsory to make it easier to be preparedand provide quick help to the farmers

Storage of feed ingredients of previous yearin sufficient quantity to use in scarcityperiod.

Identification and storage of locally availablefeed ingredients as an substitute for scaresingredients.

A farm disaster kit should be prepared inadvance. The kit should be placed in acentral location and everyone should knowwhere it is. The contents of the kit must bechecked regularly to ensure fresh andcomplete supplies. The following itemsshould be included in the kit in addition tothe items that are used everyday:

– Updated list of all farms withinformation about birds, theirlocation and records of feeding,


Supply of feed ingredients throughgovernment channel to the end users atreduced price.

Make sure that birds receive adequatequantity and essential nutrients through feedto minimize stress and to prevent occurrenceof disease outbreaks.

Crucial use of available feed avoidingexcess feeding and wastage of the feed.

Stored feed ingredients will be utilizedduring contingency.

Birds should be evacuated and taken toshelters as soon as there is news of animminent disaster. Every flock must havesome form of durable and visibleidentification.

There should be arrangements forappropriate transport, suitable for birds.Stranded birds should be rescued and takento safer places.

If the stranded place is considered safe for

Readiness for feed, feed ingredients andmineral mixtures as and when required foreach districts with transport facility.

Strategies to minimize the effects of stressdue to drought by optimum feeding andmanagement of the flock.

Use of mineral and vitamin supplements toreduce stress.

Follow up of affected livestock for adequatefeed supply.

Proper utilization of the resources should becarried out. The situation should be assessedproperly and decision has to be taken onwhich birds to be treated first and how.

The birds that are in very poor conditionwith no chance of recovery should be culledin humane manner.

The dead birds should be disposed off inhygienic manner by burial or incineration.

The situation at the farm also should beassessed and the corrective measures shouldbe taken as soon as possible. All damagesshould be repaired and shed should be made

38

vaccination, tests.– Basic first aid kit.– Handling equipment & cages.– Waterier and feeders.– Sanitation and disinfection

equipments & chemicals.– Other safety and emergency

items for vehicles and trailers,e.g.,Extra tyres, winches, tools,etc.

Maize grain is limiting source as a feedingredient in poultry feed.

Store maize for poultry feed. Substitute feed ingredient should be

tapped as replacement for maize grainwhich can be used for poultry feed.

Concentrate ingredients such as Grains,brans, & oilseed cakes, low grade grains,Govt. Godowns wastes, grains unfit forhuman consumption etc. should beprocured.

Ban on export of oilseed meals needs tobe implemented.

Feed required for broilers3.5 kg./bird forsix weeks. For Layers 55 kg /layer birdfor a period of 72 weeks.

the next week or so, the birds may be leftthere but should be provided with feed anddrinking water.

Arrangements should be made so thatveterinary and Para- veterinary personnelcan quickly reach all affected farms toprovide necessary measures.

Officials and other personnel engaged inrelief work should also gather intelligenceon the extent and nature of the damage toindividual farms and villages so thatappropriate relief measures can beimplemented.

Adequate nutrition should be given to birdsto keep their health in proper condition.

The available ingredients as poultry feedshould be used with utmost care.

Non-conventional feed ingredients can alsobe tapped to use as poultry feed taking intoconsideration the anti-nutritional factorspresent in it.

Alternate day feeding for broilers. Avoid feed wastage. Restricted feeding for layers. Poor layer birds to be culled. Broiler rear up to 4 weeks only. Use of feed additives be enhanced to

maximize the feed efficiency.

functional. Disinfection of the premises andshed should be carried to prevent spread ofdiseases.

The stress on poultry due to shortage offeed during drought period can beminimized by proper feeding of the birdsafter drought period.

Ad lib. feeding to compensate the eggproduction.

Feed additives may be used to maximizeproduction

39

Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the eventDrinkingwater

Water resources as in general are inadequateand hence the resources should be trapped andincreased.

Conservation of water for drought period. Water conservations measures adopted to

increase water table like recharging of borewells.

Available water resources should be tappedand reserved.

Leak proof water supply systems. Available rain water harvesting technique

should be adopted i.e. farm ponds etc. Water conservations measures be adopted to

increase water table. Judicious use of water. Use of nipples as waterers.

Special distribution and carrying capacityshould be implemented from other availableresources for poultry.

Optimum use of available water as per therequirement of birds.

Supply of adequate water to farms withtransportation facility.

Supply of water through tankers duringcontingency.

Judicious use of water. Use of nipples as waterers.

Permanent water resources should bedeveloped even after the event withcampaign for public awareness.

Evaluation and fine tuning of thecontingency majors.

Ensure clean, cold water supply to birds. Steps should be taken to conserve water and

to develop permanent water resources. Fresh and ad lib. water should be provided.

Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the events During the event After the eventHealth anddiseasemanagement

Personnel should be trained for health anddisease management of poultry throughtrainings and list of trained personnel shouldbe available at each district head quarter withstock of medicine, mineral mixture andvaccine for poultry.

Regular and strict vaccination of birds. Vaccination of wild birds through water

whenever possible. Deworming of birds before and after drought

period. Appointment of veterinarian on farms made

compulsory.

Services of trained personnel need to bemade available in affected area withsufficient supply of medicine, mineralmixture and vaccine for poultry.

Immediate attention to diseased birds byveterinarians.

Regular visits of veterinarians to detectdiseased birds and veterinary care

Vaccination of birds if necessary. If there is occurrence of disease, affected

birds should be kept isolated and treatedproperly and promptly.

Periodic disinfection and disinfestations offarm and premises.

Measures to minimize risk of spreadingcontagious diseases.

Birds should be checked for injury/ signs of

Routine training programmed as arefresher course need to be implemented inrelation to health and disease managementduring drought with stock of life savingmedicine and vaccine for poultry toprevent outbreak. Proper disposal systemof poultry carcasses.

Efforts to minimize effects of stressthrough optimum feeding, managementand veterinary care.

Assessment of losses due to mortality ifany.

Proper disposal of carcass. There will be stress on birds due to

deterioration of health during droughtperiod. Hence proper feeding should bedone to minimize the stress on birds by

40

disease. Antibiotic through water Anti-stress supplements Multivitamin supplements Bio-security measures to be implemented. Proper disposal of poultry carcass.

supplying vitamin supplements. Birds should be tested at regular interval to

confirm that they are free of contagiousdiseases.

Proper disposal of birds died of variousdiseases.

Vaccination. Replacement of stock.

Suggested contingency measuresFloods Before the event During the event After the eventShortage offeedingredients

Poultry owners needs to be advised to be inreadiness for-

Alternate poultry sheds with feed stock at safeplaces.

Displacement of stock- transportarrangements.

Registration of poultry farms madecompulsory to make it easier to be preparedand provide quick help to the farmers

Measures to avoid spoilage of feed stores dueto water.

Construction of feed stores to stores feedsufficient for at least one month.

Farmers will be encouraged to purchase andstore the feed ingredient when it is cheaplyavailable in the market.

Information at every district head quarterregarding availability of feed and feedingredients and mineral mixture resourcesfrom other areas.

Shifting of birds at Alternate poultry shedswith feed stock at safe places.

Stress reducing measures to be adopted. Feed and feed ingredients resources should

be exploited with sufficient transportfacilities from other areas of the district.

Adequate nutrition should be given tobirds to keep their health in propercondition.

Judicious use of available feed.

Shifting at original site after repair of theshades and restoration of the necessaryfacilities.

Proper feeding should be done to minimizethe stress on birds

Ensure good quality feed and foddersupply to birds

Feed and feed ingredients resources shouldbe exploited with sufficient transportfacilities from other areas of the districteven after the event.

Suggested contingency measuresFloods Before the events During the event After the eventDrinkingwater

Arrangement of clean and hygienic water. Leak and contamination proof water supply

system.

Sufficient facility for transportation withadvanced proper planning should be madein the areas of each district.

Actions to rectify the water related issuesobserved during flood period.

Ensure potable water supply to birds.

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Installations of the watering systems targetedto optimum use of available water avoidingwater wastage.

Source of water should be away from floodaffected areas.

Sufficient storage capacity should be madeavailable particularly during rainy season inview of the forecasting of flood.

Encourage the farmers for rain waterharvesting.

Proper utilization of Water to save water.

Water treatment to avoid entry of pathogensthrough drinking water.

Judicious use of potable chlorinated water. Avoid contamination of wells and tube

wells by flood water. Proper utilization of Water to save water. Supply of water through tankers during

contingency. Water purification measures for ensuring

hygienic water supply.

Sufficient infrastructure facility fortransportation with advanced properplanning should be made in the areas ofeach district.

Sources of potable drinking water shouldbe tapped for its proper use.

Use of disinfected water. Arrangements of hygienic water supply.

Suggested contingency measuresFloods Before the event During the event After the eventHealth anddiseasemanagement

Personnel should be trained for health anddisease management through trainings and listof trained personnel should be available ateach district head quarter for flood affectingareas with stock of medicine, mineral mixtureand vaccine for poultry.

Vaccination and deworming schedule shouldbe observed strictly.

Additional deworming can be carried outbefore and after floods.

Medicine store facility with availability ofadequate drugs at each farm and veterinarydispensaries.

Training of farmers to identify signs ofcommon contagious diseases particularly toavoid outbreaks.

Do not built poultry house on nalla or streamor otherwise remove the birds before monsoonfrom such poultry house.

Services of trained personnel need to bemade available in affected area withsufficient supply of medicine, mineralmixture and vaccine.

During flood if it is difficult to shift andmanage large number of birds, they shouldbe slaughter and sent to cold storage.

Vaccination against contagious diseases. Proper disposal of birds died of diseases

particularly contagious diseases. Disinfection of sheds be undertaken. Immediate veterinary help to the farms. Adequate proper feeding and management.

Routine training programmed as a refreshercourse need to be implemented in relation tohealth and disease management duringflood with stock of medicine and vaccinefor poultry to prevent outbreak. Properdisposal system of poultry carcasses.

Cleaning and disinfection of poultry farms. Monitoring for disease outbreaks in birds

through regular farm visits by veterinarian. Proper disposal of carcass is very important

in flood affected areas from public healthpoint of view.

Vaccination for RD and IBD to avoidoutbreaks.

Anti-stress treatment of birds is important toprevent mortality.

Preventive measures should be taken toreduce occurrence of diseases, particularlyuse of antibiotics in drinking water.

Hygienic measures should be followed. Birds should be served for emerging

infectious diseases. Restriction on movement of the birds.

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Suggested contingency measuresCyclone Before the event During the event After the eventShortage offeedingredients

Information at every district head quarterregarding availability of feed and feedingredients and mineral mixture resourcesfrom other areas with storage facility.

Feed and feed ingredients resourcesshould be exploited with sufficienttransport and storage facilities fromother areas of the district.

Feed and feed ingredients resourcesshould be exploited with sufficienttransport and storage facilities fromother areas of the district even after theevent.

Drinkingwater

Sufficient storage capacity should be madeavailable particularly during rainy season inview of the forecasting of the cyclone.

Sufficient facility for transportationwith advanced proper planning shouldbe made in the areas of each district.

Sufficient infrastructure facility fortransportation with advanced properplanning should be made in the areas ofeach district.

Health anddiseasemanagement

Personnel should be trained for health anddisease management through trainings and listof trained personnel should be available ateach district head quarter during heat and coldwaves with stock of life saving medicine,vaccine, feed and mineral mixture for poultry.

Services of trained personnel need tobe made available in affected area withfacilities to overcome heat wavesthrough water availability and coldthrough proper closed shelter withsufficient supply of medicine andvaccine for poultry. During heatfogging system should be ready andduring cold artificial heat throughelectricity need to be provided.

Detection & treatment of ailing birds. Vaccination against contagious

diseases. Antistressor preparations or

multivitamins preparations throughdrinking water during stress.

Ad. lib. Cold water availability Supply of medicine and vaccine for

poultry. Feed in cool hrs and increase the

frequency of feeding with high densityfeeds.

Mineral & Vitamin supplementation

Routine training programme as arefresher course need to be implementedin relation to health and diseasemanagement during heat and cold waveswith stock of medicine and vaccine forpoultry and sufficient arrangement.

Anti- stress to relieve stress. Birds should be monitored for occurrence

of diseases. Vaccination to avoid outbreaks. Proper disposal of poultry carcasses.

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2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

1) Drought

A. Capture

Marine Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

Inland

(i) Shallow water depth due toinsufficient rains/inflow

Need to implement cost-effectivewater efficiency and conservationmeasures in very early stage tohandle the drought.

Strategic plan should be made toconstruct bunds & conserve water indrought prone areas.

In severe drought condition Mostof the stock can be harvestedimmediately while Some portion ofthe local aquatic species should betransfer to the less affected areas soas to conserve them andreintroduce in its regional habitat.

Water policies should be determined If we want torestore our inland fishery resources.

Need to set up hatcheries for drought affected fishspecies to avoid their extinction, and the conservedspecies once again need to be reintroduced in theiroriginal habitats after achieving desired aquaticenvironment.

(ii) Changes in water quality Regular monitoring of water quality Need to harvest the stock tominimize economic losses beforemass mortality due to undesiredwater quality.

After achieving desired water quality, conservedspecies once again need to be reintroduced in theiroriginal habitats.

(iii) Any other Gene bank should be made for allindigenous local commercially &ecologically important species.

To conserve the endangeredspecies breeding and rearing indoorfacility may be created for futurerestoration

The conserved species once again need to bereintroduced in their original habitats afterachieving desired aquatic environment.

B. Aquaculture

(i) Shallow water in ponds due toinsufficient rains/inflow

Water temperature may get raised andalso Dissolved Oxygen level may getdeclined, hence efforts should madeto increase the depth of pond & avoidwater seepage by using bentoniteclay, plastic liners etc.

Water recycling with the aid ofpotential filtration systems can beapplied if available. Provideartificial oxygenation. If waterlevel is too much low, can lead tomass mortality due to

Construction of small reservoirs or dams should benewly developed in drought prone area.

Identifying culturable air breathing species / hardyspecies (e.g. Notopterus, Clarius, Puntius etc.)suitable to the regional aquatic environment.

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also artificial oxygenation systems asaerators etc. should be incorporated inaquaculture system.

environmental stress hence it willbe better to harvest the stockimmediately.

(ii) Impact of salt load build up inponds / change in water quality

Throughout the culture period salinity& other parameters should be checkedfor regular intervals. Fresh waterstorage ponds should be developed ataquaculture site.

Fresh water from the storage pondscan be utilized for maintainingsalinity.

Identifying best suitable euryhaline spp. (Pearlspot, Sea bass, Rabbit fish, mullets etc.) for theculture which can tolerate wide range of salinity.

2) Floods

A. Capture

Marine Disaster preparedness missionthrough Sea walls, Embankment. Infuture early warning systems andevacuation strategy planning forflood prone areas.

Plan of Preventive measures againstthe epidemiological diseases, likemalaria, cholera, dengue etc. Amongcoastal communities.

Educating coastal population aboutDisaster mitigation and provision ofgood transport means in coastal areasprior to the Flooding event whichwill be helpful for rescue operations.

Aid to populations at the affectedzones and shelters.

Affected population should beprovided with adequate food &medicines in time.

National & international financial support forresearch on the various aspects of the flood will beneeded for future strategies.

Microfinance to the affected population byGovernmental & Non Governmental Organizationto reconstruct their socio-economic status.

Control of vector-borne endemic and epidemicdiseases.

Mangrove plantation & conservation strategiesshould be adopted in estuarine region forminimizing future risk.

45

Inland In future early warning systems andevacuation strategy planning forflood prone areas.

Awareness of People living in ruralzones, or urban margins with regardsto the geography of their area as theydo not take into account whether theyare on a river's flood plain, anunstable hillside, a dry river bed in aflooding area, etc., when they(fisheries community) build theirhouses.

More emphasis should be given onthe maintenance of publicinfrastructure, such as highways,secondary roads and bridges prior tothe flooding event which will behelpful for rescue operations.

Awareness should be created forusing good materials for theirconstruction of houses.

Strategic planning to build up localresce teams in flood prone areas.

Aid to populations at the affected zonesand shelters.

Timely help to populations at theaffected zones and shelters.

Affected population should be providedwith adequate food & medicines intime.

Diversifying course of flooding river tominimize socio-economic losses.

Microfinance to the affected population byGovernmental & Non GovernmentalOrganization to reconstruct their socio-economicstatus.

(i) Average compensation paid due toloss of human life

Not applicable

(ii) No. of boats / nets/damaged Not applicable

(iii) No. of houses damaged Not applicable

(iv) Loss of stock Not applicable

(v) Changes in water quality Not applicable

(vi) Health and diseases Preventive measures of plan of theHealth Ministry for the prevention ofepidemiological diseases, likemalaria, cholera, dengue etc. &


Control of vector-borne endemic and epidemicdiseases.

46

vaccinisation in flood prone area.

B. Aquaculture

(i) Inundation with floodwater

Early warning systems should bedeveloped to minimize future risk.Elevating the height of peripheraldykes of the aquaculture ponds.Providing elevated net fencing on thebunds to the avoid loss of fishduring flooding.

Need to harvest the stock as early aspossible to minimize economic losses

Drain out excess water, disinfecting and refillingthe ponds with water and restocking by adoptingstandard aquaculture protocols.

(ii) Water contamination and changesin water quality

Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds.

Need to harvest the stock as early aspossible to minimize economic losses

Drain out all the water from the pond and refill itwith good quality water for future crop.

(iii) Health and diseases Adequate vaccination of fish stocksprior to flooding event isrecommended to minimize the risk.

In situ observations & analysis ofhealth status of cultivable species andstress inducing factors andrecommendation of treatments tospecific diseases.

Quarantining of culture pond before nextstocking.

(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,chemicals etc)

Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds and good indoorstorage facility for inputs.

Early harvest of the stock andtransport of inputs to the safer places.

Use new stock.

(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,aerators, huts etc)

Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds and good indoorstorage facility for the pumps &aerators in flood condition.

Transport of the pumps, aerators etc.to the safer places.

Insurance and micro-finance for repaire andmaintenance of the infrastructure.

3. Cyclone / Tsunami

A. Capture

Marine Timely Communication of weather Timely aid to coastal populations atthe affected zones and provision of

Microfinance to the affected population byGovernmental & Non Governmental

47

forecasting to fishermen

Implementation of Tsunami detection& warning system in Indian oceanand evacuation strategy planning forCyclone / Tsunami prone area.

Disaster preparedness missionthrough Sea walls, Embankment

Provision of Wave breakers &drydocks for fishing vessel security.

Encouragement and financialincentives should be given tofishermen to carry SafetyDevices on their fishing crafts.

Educating coastal population aboutDisaster mitigation and provision ofgood transport means in coastal areasprior to the Cyclone / Tsunami eventwhich will be helpful for rescueoperations.

Preventive measures for theprevention of epidemiologicaldiseases, like malaria, cholera,dengue etc

shelters.


Organization to rebuild their socio-economicstatus.

Control of vector-borne endemic and epidemicdiseases;

National & international financial support forresearch on the various aspects of the Cyclone /Tsunami will be needed for the planning of futurestrategies.

Mangrove conservation, plantation strategiesshould be adopted in estuarine / coastal regionfor minimizing future risk

(i) Average compensation paid due toloss of fishermen lives

--- --- ---

(ii) Avg. no. of boats / nets/damaged --- --- ---

(iii) Avg. no. of houses damaged --- --- ---

Inland Timely Communication of weatherforecasting to fishermen

Encouragement and financialincentives should be given tofishermen to carry safety

Timely aid to coastal populations atthe affected zones and provision ofshelters.


Microfinance to the affected population byGovernmental & Non GovernmentalOrganization to rebuild their socio-economicstatus.

Rehabilitation of fishermen communities.

48

devices on their fishing crafts.

B. Aquaculture

(i) Overflow / flooding of ponds Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds

Early warning systems should bedeveloped to minimize future risk.

In very initial stage prior to flooding,need to harvest the stock as early aspossible to minimize economic losses. In severe condition nothing can becontrolled.

Drain out excess water, disinfecting and refillingthe ponds with water and restocking by adoptingstandard aquaculture protocols.

(ii) Changes in water quality (freshwater / brackish water ratio)

Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds. Regularmonitoring of water quality.

Fresh water from the storage pondscan be utilized for maintainingsalinity.

Drain out excess water, After achieving desiredwater quality , restocking by adopting standardaquaculture protocols.

(iii) Health and diseases Adequate vaccination of the stocksprior to this is recommended tominimize the risk

In situ observations & analysis ofhealth status of cultivable species andstress inducing factors andrecommendation of treatments tospecific diseases.

Disinfecting / Quarantining of culture pondbefore the next stocking.

(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,chemicals etc)

Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds and good indoorstorage facility for inputs.

Early harvest of the stock andtransport of inputs to the safer places.

Use new stock.

(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,aerators, shelters/huts etc)

Elevating the peripheral dykes of theaquaculture ponds and Initialprovision of good indoor storagefacility for pumps & aerators.

Transport of the pumps, aerators etc.to the safer places.

Insurance and microfinance with low interestfrom Govt. for the repair and maintainance of theinfrastucture.

(vi) Any other --- --- ---

4. Heat wave and cold wave

A. Capture

Marine Not applicable

Inland Not applicable

B. Aquaculture

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(i) Changes in pond environment(water quality)

Depth of the aquaculture pondsshould be increased to minimizethermal stress.

Plantation at the peripheral dykes ofaquaculture ponds can berecommended.

Aerators should properly utilized forthe good circulation of watermaintaining good pond environment.

Identification of best suitable eurythermic spp.for aquaculture to tolerate wide temperaturerange.

(ii) Health and Disease management Maintaining water parameters atdesired levels can reduce the stressfulcondition & can avoid disease.

Aerators should properly utilized forthe good circulation of watermaintaining optimum water quality .

Early warning systems should be developed tominimize future risk.

Identification of hardy species for aquaculturepractices.

(iii) Any other --- --- ---

Documents

State: MAHARASHTRA Agriculture Contingency Plan for ... · Horticultural crops – Fruits Total Area (‘000’ha) Mango 23.9 Cashew 4.3 Sapota 10.8 Other fruit crops 6.8 Flowers