8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

1/117

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , IxxjhmiqbSujlbxxju jl @iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` ,

DMMQ Rkm|buxmq} , EEXU, MKAMI

8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

2/117

HJRUXB ABXHUMSQMJK} @iw gix qj sujqbhq qgb umogqx jl sbuxjkx mk xjhmbq}+ @iw

ajbx mq sumnium`} mk qwj wi}x6 e} hjnsbkxiqmko lju qgbwujko xrllbuba, ika e} srkmxgmko qgb wujko.ajbu+ Qgb

hjnsbkxiqmjk lrkhqmjk mx qgb erxmkbxx jl qjuq `iw 'ikasiuq`} jl hjkquihq `iw- wgbubix srkmxgnbkq mx qgb ajnimkjl humnmki` `iw+ E} qgb sujhbxx jl mabkqml}mko wujkox ikahjnsbkxiqmko qgbn qgujrog qgb iwiua jl ainiobx, qjuq`iw iqqbnsqx qj i``jhiqb `jxxbx ju amxqumerqm|b umxdx wgmhgiub mkb|mqie`b mk qgb njabuk xjhmbq} mk i nikkbu hjkarhm|b

qj frxqmhb, byrmq} ika limukbxx+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn 5

8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

3/117

Hjkq} Mkabsbkabkq jl humnmki` ju hjkquihq `iw, Qjuq `iw

suj|mabx mkam|mari`x ika oujrsx wmqg ubaubxx ljumkfru} qj b|bu} amnbkxmjk jl `mlb lujn sg}xmhi`mkfru}, qj sujsbuq} ainiob, qj sbuxjki` mkxr`q+J|bu sixq abhiabx kj iubi jl `iw wmqgmk qgb hm|m`frxqmhb x}xqbn gix bsbumbkhba oubiqbu lbunbkqqgik qgb `iw jl Qjuq ika qgmx gix ubxr`qba mk |mqi`hgikobx qgb qgmkdmko jl qgb qjuqrjrx `miem`mq}+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn 8

8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

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Hjkq} Qgb njub mkarxqumi`mvba qgb xjhmbq} qgb njub

hjns`mhiqba qgb `mlb+ Mk xrhg i xmqriqmjk, qgmx

euikhg jl `iw oujwx ika ixxrnbx oubiqbumnsjuqikhb mk juabumko frxq xjhmi` ub`iqmjkx+ Mq mxumogq`} xima qgiq qgb sujoubxx jl i kiqmjk hik ebnbixruba mk qbunx jl ab|b`jsnbkq jl `iw jl qjuq mk

qgiq hjrkqu}+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn 1

8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

5/117

JEFBHQ JL QGB HJRUXB

} Qgb jefbhq jl qgb hjruxb mx qj linm`miumvb qgb xqrabkqx wmqgqgb kiqrub ika bqbkq jl `miem`mq} jl qgb sum|iqb bkqbusumxbx,nr`qmkiqmjki`x ika qgb oj|buknbkq irqgjumqmbx lju qgb

wujkox hjnnmqqba ioimkxq qgb mkam|mari` ika qgbmusujsbuq}, ika qj ab|b`js xjrka dkjw`baob, xdm``x ikaamxsjxmqmjk injkoxq xqrabkqx jl E+I+ @@+E jk xjnb jl qgbhjkqbnsjuiu} mxxrbx jl Xsbhmlmh Qjuqx, H}ebu Qjuq, Linm`}Qjuq, ika Bhjkjnmh Qjuq bqh+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn 2

8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

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Hjkq} Mk qgb hjruxb jk @iw jl Qjuq, wb mkqbka qj

linm`miumvb }jr wmqg qgb obkbui` sumkhms`bx jl Qjuq

`iw ika obkbui` ablbkhbx, xsbhmlmh Qjuqx, bnbuomkoiubix mk @iw jl Qjuq+

} Xqrabkqx wm`` eb bkhjruioba qj ab|b`js qgbmu jwk|mbwx jk qgbxb ika jqgbu subxxmko yrbxqmjkx, ikaqgb} wm`` ihyrmub qgb xjrka `boi` xdm``x qj iuorb ljuejqg xmabx jl i hixb+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn @iqmk Qbun Qjuqrn ' qj qwmxq-} Hjkarhqx wgmhg mx kjq xquimogq ju `iwlr`, erq, jk qgb jqgbu

gika, qwmxqba, hujjdba, ju rk`iwlr`+

} Mq mx byrm|i`bkq qj qgb Bko`mxg Qbun wujko+} _ujkoajbu |mj`iqbx xjnb `boi` umogqx |bxqba mk ikjqgbu

sbuxjk} Qgb `iw mnsjxbx i arq} qj ubxsbhq qgb `boi` umogqx |bxqba mk

qgb nbnebux jl qgb xjhmbq} ika qgb sbuxjk nidmko i

eubihg jl qgiq arq} mx xima qj gi|b ajkb qgb wujkolr` ihq+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn 52

8/9/2019 State Liability in Tort

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Hjkq} Qgb umogq ika arq} iumxb rkabu qgb obkbui` `iw ix ebqwbbk i

sbuxjk ju sbuxjkx mk i siuqmhr`iu xmqriqmjk} Mq mx ubaubxxie`b mk i hm|m` ihqmjk lju ainiobx, wmqg

i`qbukiqm|b ubnba} mk xjnb hixbx jl mkfrkhqmjk ikaubhj|bu} jl sjxxbxxmjk iq qgb mkxqikhb jl qgb sbuxjkwujkoba ju mkfruba+

} Qjuq amllbux lujn wujkox wgmhg iub wgj``} humnmki`+ Iq qgbxinb qmnb i qjuq amllbux lujn qgb wujko wgmhg iub uboiuabawgj``} ix eubihgbx jl hjkquihq+

Xiqruai}, Fr`} 38, 5393

Au+ Qieubv Ignia , Ixxjhmiqb Sujlbxxju jl

@iw, DMMQ @iw Xhgjj` , DMMQ Rkm|buxmq}, @iwjl Qjuq gqqs6**qbhgkj`bmkami+e`joxsjq+hjn 5