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State Estimation for
Advanced Distribution Automation
Mesut Baran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
North Carolina State University
SE Problem:
Given a set of measurements z, estimate x
State Estimation: Main Tool for
System Monitoring and Control
X = [Vi/qi ]
Vi/qi
for radial feeders x > load SE -> Load Monitoring
Basic Requirements: -Need accurate system model -Need redundant measurements
Very Limited Measurements
SE Challenges for DS Application
(Po Qo) ,
sub SCADA
feeder
SCADA
I k Pc, V
AMI
- Load Data requires full scale AMI
(Vo)
Accurate System Model
• accurate system data
- Lines, DT
• Need monitoring
- Switches
- Volt/Var devices
- DG and Storage
SE Challenges for DS Application
AC
Charging
Station
AC
S
CB
R
VR
Fixed (D/S)
Compensator
Switched Cap bank
AMI
Normally Open Tie
Normally Open Tie Switch
CB
DG
Single Phase Sectionalizer
Three Phase Fuse
Three Phase Recloser
DG
Residential load
with PV panel
Three Phase Lateral
Single Phase Lateral
CES
Distribution Substation Bus
Distribution Transformer
(DT)
EV
5
DSE: State of the Art
Load Data: Historical Data
• Customer Billing --> class, kWh
• Load Surveys --> Load Curves
• Model: Feeder topology is updated manually
• Limited Real Time Data:
Use Load Data as pseudo-measurements
• SE methods: - Power Flow
- WLSE nodal, WLSE branch current
- Others
DSE enables on-line monitoring of
DSE for System Monitoring & Control
• Load & Voltage profiles system loading control actions
- Volt/Var Control - Conservation Voltage Reduction
Feeder restoration
• Feeder Topology
switch operation
Cap bank
FLISR
Goal: Conservation Voltage Reduction
SE performance: estimate Vs with accuracy of +/- 2V
0.0028 . .V p u
1
2 3 5 6 7 8 12 14 15 16
18
19
22
24
25 2629
27
2832 33
30
31
23
4 9 10 11 13 17 20
21
Vm18
34
M1 Cm14
Meter (power)
Meter (current)
Meter (voltage)
Cm22
BCSE Application
Estimate Voltages with 120 +/- 2 V accuracy