State Disaster Management Plansdma.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/State-DRM-Plan_AJK... · 2017-08-11 · State Disaster Management Plan ix Foreword The nature has been very generous

StateDisasterManagementPlan

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ThisPlanisavailablefrom:

1. StateDisasterManagementAuthority,MuzaffarabadBlockNo.10,FirstFloor(LeftWing),OppositetoAJKLegislativeAssembly,NewCivilSecretariat,MuzaffarabadAzadKashmir.PhoneNo.+92‐5822‐921536,921643FaxNo.+92‐5822‐921537www.sdmagok.pk

2. NationalDisasterManagementAuthorityPrimeMinister’sOffice,Islamabad.UAN#:051‐111‐157‐157Tel#:+92519205037Fax#:+92519205086www.ndma.gov.pk

Copyright©Disaster&ClimateResilienceImprovementProject(DCRIP)

Planning&DevelopmentDepartment,AzadGovt.ofStateofJammu&Kashmir


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ThisPlanhasbeenpreparedwiththesupportfromtheWorldBankunder“Disaster&Climate

Resilience Improvement Project DCRIP” in close consultation with State Disaster

ManagementAuthorityandconcernedstakeholdersby theconsultant firm“Solutions for

DevelopmentSupport”comprisedoffollowingteam:

1. Sardar Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Team Lead

2. Ms. Amber Masud, Member

3. Mr. Waseem Ahmed, Member

4. Mr. Muhammad Imran Ayub, Member

5. Mr. Rafiullah Khan, Member

6. Mr. Arbab Taimur Khan, Member

SolutionsforDevelopmentSupport

HouseNo320,Al‐MustafaTower,SectorF‐10,Islamabad,Ph:051‐8737183,

Email:[email protected]


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ContentsAcronyms.............................................................................................................................................viii

Foreword................................................................................................................................................ix

PrimeMinister’sMessage...................................................................................................................x

ChiefSecretary’sMessage..................................................................................................................xi

MessagebySecretary,Relief,DisasterManagement&CivilDefence...............................xii

Vision,MissionandObjectives.....................................................................................................xiii

Definitions............................................................................................................................................xiv

Chapter1:ProfileofAJ&KRegion....................................................................................................1

1.1 Topography.................................................................................................................................................2

1.2 Climate...........................................................................................................................................................2

1.3 Soil...................................................................................................................................................................2

1.4 RegionalVariations.................................................................................................................................2

1.5 Languages....................................................................................................................................................3

1.6 PerCapitaIncomeandEmployment...............................................................................................3

1.7 Population....................................................................................................................................................3

1.8 Health.............................................................................................................................................................4

1.9 Education.....................................................................................................................................................4

1.10 Governance..................................................................................................................................................5

1.11 AdministrativeSet‐up............................................................................................................................6

1.12 EconomicFeatures..................................................................................................................................7

1.13 Agriculture...................................................................................................................................................7

1.14 LivestockPopulation&DomesticPoultryBirdsbyAdministrativeUnits....................9

1.15 Forests..........................................................................................................................................................9

1.16 MineralResources.................................................................................................................................11

1.17 Industry......................................................................................................................................................11

1.18 Tourism.......................................................................................................................................................11

1.19 Roads............................................................................................................................................................11

1.20 Airports.......................................................................................................................................................12

1.21 Power...........................................................................................................................................................12

1.22 HydroPowerGeneration....................................................................................................................12

1.23 PipedWaterSupply...............................................................................................................................13

1.24 CommunicationsInfrastructure......................................................................................................13

1.25 IssuesandChallengestoSustainableDevelopment..............................................................14

Chapter‐2:Hazards,VulnerabilityandRiskAssessment.....................................................16


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2.1 DisasterRiskAnalysisofAzadJammuandKashmir..............................................................16

2.2 RisksAssociatedwithNaturalHazards........................................................................................26

2.2.1 Earthquakes........................................................................................................................................26

2.2.2 Landslides............................................................................................................................................31

2.2.3 GlacialMovements/Avalanches................................................................................................33

2.2.4 Hydro‐MeteorologicalHazards.................................................................................................34

2.2.5 WindStormsandDroughts.........................................................................................................37

2.2.6 Drought.................................................................................................................................................38

2.2.7 Epidemics............................................................................................................................................39

2.3 RisksAssociatedwithHumanInducedHazards......................................................................40

2.3.1 CrossBorderFiring.........................................................................................................................40

2.3.2 RoadAccidents..................................................................................................................................41

2.3.3 Encroachments.................................................................................................................................41

2.3.4 ForestFire...........................................................................................................................................42

2.3.5 Old,VulnerableBuildings.............................................................................................................43

Chapter3:InstitutionalSystemsforDisasterManagementinAJ&K.................................46

3.1 DisasterManagementSystembeforeEarthquake2005......................................................46

3.2 DisasterManagementSystemafterEarthquake2005..........................................................46

3.2.1 StateDisasterManagementCommission(SDMC)...........................................................48

3.2.2 StateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA)................................................................50

3.2.3 DistrictDisasterManagementAuthority(DDMA)..........................................................52

3.2.4 LocalAuthorities.............................................................................................................................53

3.2.5 CommunityBasedOrganizations............................................................................................55

3.2.6 StateInstituteofDisasterManagement(SIDM)...............................................................56

3.2.7 StateDisasterManagementFund...........................................................................................57

3.2.8 EmergencyProcurementandAccounting...........................................................................57

Chapter4‐RolesandResponsibilitiesofKeyStakeholders................................................59

4.1 GovernmentDepartments..................................................................................................................59

4.1.1 RevenueDepartment.....................................................................................................................59

4.1.2 DepartmentofAgriculture.........................................................................................................60

4.1.3 AnimalHusbandry(Livestock)Department......................................................................62

4.1.4 IrrigationandSmallDamOrganization................................................................................63

4.1.5 Forest,WildlifeandFisheriesDepartment.........................................................................64

4.1.6 HealthDepartment.........................................................................................................................65

4.1.7 PlanningandDevelopmentDepartment.............................................................................67


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4.1.8 EnvironmentProtectionAgency.............................................................................................68

4.1.9 CommunicationandWorks(C&W)Department.............................................................69

4.1.10 PhysicalPlanningandHousing/PublicHealth...............................................................71

4.1.11 LocalGovernment&RuralDevelopmentDepartment..................................................72

4.1.12 ElectricityDepartment.................................................................................................................74

4.1.13 DepartmentofEducation.............................................................................................................74

4.1.14 DepartmentofCivilDefence......................................................................................................76

4.1.15 AJKEmergencyServiceRescue1122....................................................................................77

4.1.16 HomeDepartment/Police...........................................................................................................78

4.1.17 DepartmentofInformation........................................................................................................80

4.1.18 SocialWelfare&WomenDevelopmentDepartment......................................................81

4.1.19 AKMIDC...............................................................................................................................................82

4.1.20 IndustriesDepartment.................................................................................................................83

4.1.21 SpecialCommunicationsOrganization(SCO)....................................................................84

4.1.22 PakistanArmy..................................................................................................................................84

4.2 OtherStakeholders................................................................................................................................85

4.2.1 PakistanRedCrescentSociety..................................................................................................85

4.2.2 Non‐GovernmentalOrganizations..........................................................................................85

Chapter–5:StatePoliciesandStrategiesforDisasterManagement..................................88

5.1 KeyIssuesinDisasterManagementinAzadJammu&Kashmir......................................88

5.1.1 StrengtheningdisastermanagementadministrationatStateanddistrictlevel88

5.1.2 Enhancedisastermanagementsysteminthestagesofpre‐,duringandpost disasterperiods................................................................................................................................89

5.1.3 Establishmechanismsformonitoringandassessmentofdisasterrisks.............89

5.1.4 Promotemechanismfordisasterriskreductionmeasuresintodevelopment..89

5.1.5 Promotedisasterriskmanagementatlocalandcommunitylevels.......................89

5.1.6 Strengthencapacityofplayersindisastermanagement.............................................90

5.2 DisasterManagementPoliciesandStrategies...........................................................................90

5.2.1 INTERVENTION1:StrengtheningtheStatelevelinstitutionalandlegalsystem fordisastermanagement.............................................................................................................90

5.2.2 INTERVENTION2:ConductMulti‐Hazard,VulnerabilityandRiskAssessment (MHVRA)..............................................................................................................................................95

5.2.3 INTERVENTION3:Disasterriskmanagementthroughtraining,educationand awareness............................................................................................................................................99

5.2.4 INTERVENTION4:Establish/strengtheningMulti‐HazardEarlyWarningand EvacuationSystems.....................................................................................................................102


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5.2.5 INTERVENTION5:MainstreamingDRRintodevelopmentandclimatechange adaptationandmitigation........................................................................................................106

5.2.6 INTERVENTION6:StrengthenDRMsystemthroughawarenessraising programmefordisasterresilientcommunities..............................................................109

5.2.7 INTERVENTION7:Infrastructuredevelopmentfordisasterriskreduction....112

5.2.8 INTERVENTION8:StrengtheningoftheStateemergencyresponsesystem...114

5.2.9 INTERVENTION9:CapacityDevelopmentPlanningforPostDisaster Recovery............................................................................................................................................118

5.3 PriorityActionProgrammesforFiveYears............................................................................121

Chapter–6:StandardOperatingProceduresforDisasterResponse............................127

6.1 StateEmergencyOperationCentre(SEOC).............................................................................127

6.2 ReceiptandDisseminationofWarnings...................................................................................130

6.3 PublicInformation..............................................................................................................................131

6.4 InformationManagementandRumorControl......................................................................131

6.5 Reporting,BriefingsandConferences........................................................................................131

6.7 ReliefforAffectedPopulation........................................................................................................132

6.8 StateDisasterManagementFund(SDMF)...............................................................................133

Chapter7:SimulationsandDrills............................................................................................136

7.1 ResponsibilityforOrganizingDrills............................................................................................136

7.2 Simulation/DrillSchedule...............................................................................................................136

7.3 Resourcesfororganizingdrillsandsimulations...................................................................136

Annexures..........................................................................................................................................137

RainfallData..........................................................................................................................................................138

NotificationfortheestablishmentofStateDisasterManagementAuthority........................142

NotificationforestablishmentofSDMC,SDMAandDDMA............................................................143

NotificationfortheSecretariatofRelief,SDMAandCivilDefence..............................................144

NotificationforestablishmentofStatDisasterManagementfundandpurchaseofland145

NotificationforCompensationPolicyPictorialviewofconsultationprocess.......................146

Sampleformatofsituationreport..............................................................................................................147

SampleNarrativesofSimulation.................................................................................................................148

ImportantContactNumbers.........................................................................................................................156

AzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct,2008...............................................................157

PictorialViewofConsultationProcess.....................................................................................................170

PictorialViewofConsultation&ValidationWorkshop....................................................................173


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Acronyms

AD AssistantDirectorCBDRM CommunityBasedDisasterRiskManagementC&WD Communication&WorksDepartmentDG DirectorGeneralDRM DisasterRiskManagementDRR DisasterRiskReductionDDMA DistrictDisasterManagementAuthorityGoAJK GovernmentofAzadJammuandKashmirICAO InternationalCivilAviationOrganizationIDPs InternallyDisplacedPersonsINGO InternationalNGOLUP LandUsePlanningLoC LineofControlMOU MemorandumofUnderstandingMOFA MinistryofForeignAffairsNDMA NationalDisasterManagementAuthorityNDMC NationalDisasterManagementCommissionNFI Non‐FoodItemsNIDM NationalInstituteofDisasterManagementNGO Non‐GovernmentalOrganizationNHA NationalHighwayAuthorityNLC NationalLogisticCellNOC NoObjectionCertificatePSDP PublicSectorDevelopmentProgramPP&H PhysicalPlanningandHousingSDMA StateDisasterManagementAuthoritySDMC StateDisasterManagementCommissionUNICEF UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFundWASH Water,SanitationandHygieneWFP WorldFoodProgrammeWHO WorldHealthOrganization


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ForewordThenaturehasbeenverygenerousinbestowingtheStateofAzadJammuandKashmirwithastoundingbeauty.Ithasglaciers,lushgreenmountains,gushingstreamsandhasabundantnaturalresources.However,duetoitsgeography and geology, AJK is facing frequent seismic activity andintensificationofclimatechangemakesitvulnerabletofloods.Beingproneto natural disasters, AJK is a region that frequently suffers earthquakes,floods,landslidesandothernaturaldisaster.

Inthewakeoftheearthquakeof2005,GovernmentofAJKhasestablishedStateandDistrictLevel Disaster Management institutions to adequately respond to any event of naturalcalamityanddevisemeasures fordisaster risk reduction. Since its creation, SDMAand itssubsidiarieshasimprovedtheresponseagainstfloods,landslidesandotheraccidents.TheSDMA is performing its functions in available resources, however there is dire need toimproveitscapacityandcapability.

Keeping in view the requirements of SDMA, theWorld Bank funded “Disaster & ClimateResilienceImprovementProject(DCRIP)”hiredtheservicesofM/sSolutionforDevelopmentSupport (SDS) for preparation of “Disaster Risk Management Plans for State & 10Districts”.ItisamatterofgreatsatisfactionthattheconsultantshavesubmittedtheirreportwhichwilldefinitelyprovideanexcellentplanningframeworkfortheAuthority.

I would also like to acknowledge the support of theWorld Bank provided to the GoAJKthrough “Disaster and Climate Resilience Improvement Project (DCRIP)”, P&DD forenhancing the capacityofpublic sector institutions to copewith thedisasters inAJK.TheactivesupportoftheWorldBankmadeformulationofDisasterManagementPlanspossible.The formulation of these plans will help disaster management authorities considerablyenhance their technical capabilities in forecasting, effectively managing and closelymonitoring hazards like floods, landslides and earthquakes. The document, I hope willcontribute towards clearing concepts, building networks, harmonizing initiatives andenergizingstakeholdersinState.IhopethattheguidelinessetforththroughtheseDRMPlanswillbeobservedbyallconcerned.

OnbehalfofPlanning&DevelopmentDepartment(P&DD)GoAJK,Icanconfidentlysaythat,thesePlanswillenableustoalignuswithNationalFrameworkforDisasterRiskReduction.IheartilycongratulateSDMA&DCRIPandwishthatthesePlansanditsimplementationmeetgreatsuccessandpraythatAlmightyprotectusfromallsuchdisastersinfuture,Ameen!

MuhammadAhsenSecretary(Development)

AzadGovt.ofStateofJammu&Kashmir


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PrimeMinister’sMessage

The State of Azad Jammu andKashmir has been blessedwith a uniquegeographiclocationalongwithanextremelyconduciveenvironmentandan abundantwealthofnatural resources. Itprovideshugequantitiesofwater throughNeelumand JhelumRivers aswell as a number of otherwaterways and streams. The abundant rainfall contributes additionalwaterwhichisusedbythepeopleoftheStateaswellasPakistan.

Duetoitsmountainousterrainandpresenceofactivefaultlines,thepeopleoftheStatesufferfromarangeofnaturaldisasterswhoseimpactsareexacerbatedbythelimitedinvestmentsindisastermitigationaswellaspaucityofresourcesforadequateresponseandrecovery.Theearthquakeof2005whichdevastatedthepopulationoftheStateandwroughthavoconthealreadystretchedinfrastructurewillremainaliveinourmemoriesforalongtimetocome.

Realizingtheneedforproactivedisasterpreparednessmeasures,theStateGovernmenthascreated the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) to coordinate relief, recovery,reconstruction efforts in addition to preparing the populace for future disasters throughstructural and non‐structural measures. It is a mammoth task requiring effectivecoordinationamongalltherelevantstakeholdersattheStatelevel.

IamgladtolearnthatacomprehensiveDisasterRiskManagementPlanatStatelevelhasbeenformulated. On this occasion, I would like to emphasize that role of our all institutions,individuals, international humanitarian agencies and local organizations to come to savehumanityininstitutionalizingthepreventivetheoriesandknowledge.Icommendtheeffortsofeverysingleindividualputinforthisnoblecause.IassurethatGovernmentofAzadJammu&KashmirisinstantlyavailableforanycooperationneededfortheimplementationofthisPlan.

IbelievethatpreparationoftheStateDisasterManagementPlanisastepintherightdirectionand I commend the Authority for preparing this comprehensive document which wouldprovideawayforwardtobuildresilienceintheState.

IwouldliketoacknowledgethesupportprovidedtotheStateGovernmentbytheWorldBankthroughDisasterandClimateResilienceImprovementProjectwhichmadeformulationofthisPlanpossible.

Intheend,IwouldliketoreaffirmthefullsupportoftheAzadGovernmentoftheStateofAzadJammuandKashmirtowardsthecauseofbuildingresiliencetotheimpactsofnaturaldisasters.

RajaMuhammadFarooqHaiderKhanPrimeMinister



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ChiefSecretary’sMessage

The State ofAzad JammuandKashmir is vulnerable to a diverse range of naturaldisastersduetoitsterrainandenvironmentalconditions.ItisoneofthefewregionsintheworldthatisaffectedbytheimpactsofEarthquakes,Floods,Landslides,Droughtandothernaturaldisasters.Theclimatechangehasfurtherincreasedthefrequencyofclimaterelatedandhydro‐meteorologicaleventsasevidencedbythefloodsin2010,2012and2014.Flashflooding in the State has now become a regular phenomenon and requires the StateGovernmenttorespondinatimelymannertosavepreciouslivesandproperty.

These natural disasters are a call for action for the Government to improve itspreparednessandresponsecapacityinordertoensuretimelyandequitablesupporttotheaffecteesononehandwhileon theotherhandtakeproactivemeasures tominimize theirimpact.

TheStateGovernmenthasbeentakingmeasurestoimprovethecapacityoftheStateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA)toenableittotakeleadinallmatterswhereDisasterRiskManagementisconcerned.Itisnotaneasytaskduetothelimitedresourcesavailablebutmaximumeffortsarebeingmade.

Preparation of the State DRM Plan is just a single step on this long and arduousjourney.Nevertheless,itisoneofthemostimportantstepasitwillchalkouttheplanofactionfortheyearstocomeultimatelyresultinginacapableandcompetentSDMAfullyequippedtomeetthechallengesposedbythenaturaldisastersintheState.

IwouldliketocongratulatetheDirectorGeneralSDMAandhisteamontheirhardworkforcreationofthisPlan,whichIamsurewouldprovideanexampleforotherstofollow.However,IwouldliketourgetheAuthoritytoimmediatelytakeupimplementationoftherecommendationsofthePlanincooperationwiththeotherrelevantdepartments.

I would also like to thank the World Bank for providing generous support inresponding to the challenges posed by the 2014 floods by launching a multi‐sectoralresilienceprojectwhich includessupport for theAuthorityandotherdepartments. IhopethatplanswouldenabletheAuthoritytoachievetheobjectiveofincreasingtheresilienceoftheStateagainstallkindofnaturalandman‐madedisasters.

Dr.IjazMunirChiefSecretary



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MessagebySecretary,Relief,DisasterManagement&CivilDefenceTheStateDisasterManagementAuthorityisthepremiergovernmententityintheAzadJammuandKashmirforleadingcoordinationofalldisasterriskmanagement related activities in the State. Ever since its creation, it hasbeenstrivingtoimprovethegovernment’sresponsetothenaturaldisastersandtohelpthepeopleoftheStateinbetterpreparedness.Withgeneroussupportfromthegovernmentandassistancefromthedonoragencies,itscapacitieshaveincreasedmanifoldwhichhasledtoabetterpreparedAJK.

Today when I look upon and compare the State of preparedness before and after thecatastrophic Earthquake of 2005. I feel encouraged as State departments are better asprepared to respond to any disaster. Number of legal instruments have been enacted toinstitutionalandoperationalizedisastermanagementsystem.

Handsome contribution has beenmade to DisasterManagement Fund both by State andFederalgovernments.HumanitarianResponseFacilitieshavebeenestablishedinallthetendistricts.Modern equipmenthasbeen themost glaring shortfall inhandlingof situations,giantleapshasalsobeentakeninthisregard.FederalGovernmentandtheWorldBankhascontributed 500 million and 200 million for the purpose of procurement of modernequipment.

PreparationoftheStateDisasterManagementPlanistheculminationoftirelesseffortsoftheteamwhichstartedfromitsinceptionandhasnotbeendeterredbythenumerouschallengesposedbythefrequentdisasterepisodeintheState.

Iwould liketoacknowledgeandappreciatethekindsupportprovidedbytheWorldBankthroughtheDisasterandClimateResilience Improvementprojectwhich issupporting theSDMAinanumberofactivitiesincludingcapacitybuildingandanalyticalstudieswhichwouldformthefoundationoffutureinvestmenttofurtherenhancesitscapabilities.Isincerelyhopethat other donors would also follow the footsteps of theWorld Bank to supplement theresourcesandtechnicalexpertiseavailable.IwouldspecificallyliketomentionthetechnicalsupportbytheTaskTeamoftheProjectwhoworkedcloselywiththeSDMAteamtomakethetimelycompletionofthisimportantPlanpossible.

WiththecompletionoftheStateDRMPlan,I,alongwithmyteamwouldembarkonensuringits implementation and working closely with the relevant Line Departments and DistrictAdministrationstoensurethatthecoordinationmechanismsandoperatingproceduresareimplementedandwouldbetestedreal‐timeindisasterepisodes.Wewouldfurtherstrivetoensurethatthisplanremainsausableandlivedocumentandimprovedonregularbasistoincorporatethelessonslearntandbestpractice.

ZaheerUdDinSecretary/DirectorGeneral,

Relief,DisasterManagement&CivilDefence,AJK


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Vision,MissionandObjectivesVisionEnhancedisasterresilienceintheStateofAzadJammu&Kashmir

MissionToreducevulnerabilityofhumanlife,propertyandtheenvironmenttonaturalaswellas

man‐madedisastersthroughawareness,mitigation,preparednessandcoordination.

Objectives

Tocontributeachievementofsustainabledevelopmentthroughminimized

humansuffering,lossanddamagetotheeconomicinfrastructureby

promotingandstrengtheningStatelevelcapacitiesfordisastermanagement.

Tolocalizedisasterriskmanagementtothemaximumextentpossiblesoas

tominimizetheimpactonlife,livelihoodandenvironment

ToenhanceinstitutionalcapacitiesatStatelevelincludingthoserelatedto

technology,trainingandhumanandmaterialresources


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DefinitionsAgriculturalDrought:Referstoreductioninmoistureavailabilitybelowtheoptimumlevelrequiredbyacropduringdifferentstagesofitsgrowthcycleandresultinginreducedyields.

ClimateChange:Referstoachangeofclimatewhichisattributeddirectlyorindirectlytohumanactivitythataltersthecompositionoftheglobalatmosphereandwhichisinadditiontonaturalclimatevariabilityobservedovercomparabletimeperiods.

ComplexHumanitarianEmergency:Thisisacrisisinacountry,regionorsocietywherethereistotalorconsiderablebreakdownofauthorityresultingfrominternaland/orexternalconflict(s).

Consequences:Theactualdamagetoelementsincaseofasourceofhazardtranslatingintoadisasteristermedasconsequences.Forinstance,ifariveroverflowsandfloodstheareason its banks, but this does not pose a risk of disruption to elements there, it is of littleconsequence.

Disaster: It isaneventthatisassociatedwiththeimpactofahuman‐inducedornaturalhazard which causes a serious disruption in the functioning of a community or society,causingwidespreadhuman,materialorenvironmentallosseswhichexceedtheabilityoftheaffectedcommunityorsocietytocopewiththehazardusingitsownresources.

DisasterContingencyPlan:Ameanstoaddressadisasterorimpendingdisasterwithinafairlyfinitetimesuchasfromearlywarningtoresponseandrecovery,includingmechanismsforgenerationofdisaster‐specificoperationalplans.

Disaster Management: Refers to a continuous and integrated multi‐sectoral andmultidisciplinary process of planning and implementation of measures aimed at (a)preventingorreducingtheriskofdisasters,(b)mitigatingtheseverityorconsequencesofdisasters,(c)emergencypreparedness,(d)arapidandeffectiveresponsetodisastersand(e)post‐disasterrecoveryandrehabilitation.

Disaster Preparedness: Refers to activities and measures taken in advance to ensureeffective response to the impactof hazards, including the issuanceof timelyandeffectiveearlywarningsandevacuationofpeopleandeconomicassetsfromathreatenedlocation.

Disaster Prevention:Referstomeasuresoractionstakentoavoid,eliminateorpreventharmful natural or human adverse phenomena or hazards from causing or resulting in adisaster.Thisincludestheprocessofinformingthegeneralpopulation,increasinglevelsofconsciousnessaboutrisksandhowpeoplecanacttopreventtheirexposuretoriskofhazards.

Disaster Risk Management: This is the systematic process of using administrativedirectives, organizations and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies,policiesandimprovedcopingcapacitiesinordertolessentheadverseimpactofhazardsandthepossibilityofdisaster.

Disaster Risk Reduction: The implementation of conceptual framework of elementsconsideredwiththepossibilitiestominimizevulnerabilitiesanddisasterrisksthroughoutasociety,toavoid(prevention)ortolimit(mitigationandpreparedness)theadverseimpactsofhazardswithinthebroadcontextofsustainabledevelopment.


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Drought:Thisisdefinedasaperiodofabnormallydryweatherthatpersistslongenoughtoproduceaserioushydrologicimbalance(forexamplecropdamage,watersupplyshortage,etc.). The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, thedurationandthesizeoftheaffectedarea.

EarlyWarning:Referstotheprovisionoftimelyandeffectiveinformation,throughrelevantinstitutions,thatfollowsindividualsexposedtoanyhazard,totakeactiontoavoidorreducetheirriskandprepareforeffectiveresponse.

ElNinoEffect:AphenomenonofchangesinsurfacetemperaturesandcurrentsofthePacific,AtlanticandIndianOceans,causingmuchoftheyearlyvariationsinrainfall.Thesechangeshaveproveddifficulttopredictorunderstandtheircauses.

Elements:Thehuman,material,economicandenvironmentalassetslikelytobeaffectedina disaster are termed as elements at risk. For instance, the human settlements, theinfrastructure,thelandandeconomicassetsdownstreamofaweakeneddamareelementsattheriskofflooding.

Emergency:Anevent, actualor imminentwhichendangersor threatens toendanger life,propertyortheenvironmentandwhichrequiresasignificantandcoordinatedresponse.

Epidemic:Referstoanunusuallylargeorunexpectedincreaseinthenumberofcasesofthediseaseforagiventime,placeorperiod.

EnvironmentalDegradation: The reduction of the capacity of the environment tomeetsocioeconomic objectives and needs. Examples are land degradation; deforestation;desertification;lossofBio‐Diversity;waterandairpollution;climatechange;sealevelrise;ozonelayerdepletion;illegalminingandquarrying;indiscriminatethrowingofgarbage;anddrillingboreholesclosetosewersystems.

Famine:Acrisisinducedbythebreakdownoftheaccustomedavailabilityofandaccessibilitytobasicfoodstuffsonascalesufficienttothreatenthelivesofasignificantnumberofpeople.

Floods:Afloodisahighflowofwater,whichovertopseitherthenaturalorartificialbanksofariver.Floodsinducedisasterswhenhumansettlementshaveanoverflowofwaterbeyondthenormalconfinesandhumansareunabletocopewiththecalamityorwhentheyresultinthedestructionofcrops,socialandeconomicinfrastructures.

Gender:Genderreferstothesocialandeconomicdifferencesbetweenmenandwomenthatarelearned,changeableovertimeandhavewidevariationwithinandbetweencultures.Thisisopposedtosexthatreferstothebiologicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.Genderisusedtoanalyzeroles,responsibilities,constraintsandopportunitiesofmenandwomenindevelopment.

Hazard:Referstoapotentiallydamagingphysicaleventsuchasanearthquake,ahurricane,flood,drought,fire,epidemic,phenomenonorhumanactivity,whichmaycauseinjuryorthelossoflife,damagetoproperty,socialandeconomicdisruptionorenvironmentaldegradationand includes latent conditions that may represent future threats and can have differentorigins,naturalandhuman‐induced.

Human‐InducedHazard:Thoseelementsof thephysical environmentharmful tohumanbeingsandcausedbyhumansalsoseenas‘ActsofHumans.’


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HydrologicalDrought:This isaperiodwhenthe flowsinrivers, lakesandgroundwateraquifersarebelownormal levels. Hydro‐MeteorologicalHazard:Naturalphenomenonofatmospheric,hydrologicaloroceanographicnaturewhichmaycausethelossoflifeorinjury,property damage, and social and economic or environmental degradation such as floods,debrisandmud‐floodsandtropicalcyclones.

ImpactandNeedsAssessment:Involvesassessingthenatureandmagnitudeofadisasteronce it occurs, its impact on affected populations, and the type and extent of emergencyassistancethatisrequired.

LifeSkills‐BasedEducation(LSBE):Referstodescribelife‐skillseducationthataddressesaspecificcontentorsubjectwiththeaimofcreatingabilitiesforadaptiveandpositivebehaviorinaperson(s).

Mitigation: Structuralandnon‐structuralmeasuresundertakento limitormakelessseveretheadverseimpactofnaturalhazards,environmentaldegradationandtechnologicalhazards.

Natural‐InducedHazard:Thoseelementsofthephysicalenvironmentharmfultohumansandcausedbyforcesexogenousorexternaltothem,alsoseenas‘ActsofGod’.

Pandemic:Deadlyorvirulentdiseaseaffectingorthreateningseriousinjury,ill‐health,discomfortordeathtoalargenumberorproportionofthehuman,plantoranimallife.

Probability: The likelihood of a source of risk translating into an actual damage to theelementsatriskistermedasprobability.Forinstance,millionsofpeoplelivedownstreamofdamsintheworld,buttheprobabilityofadisruptionoflivesandlivelihoodsishighonlyforthedamsthathavebecomeweakduetostructuraldamageorsiltingup.

ReconstructionandRecovery: Torebuildessential infrastructure,productivecapacities,institutionsandservicesdestroyedorrenderednon‐operationalbyadisaster.Recoveryistohelpbringaboutsustainabledevelopmentby facilitating thenecessaryadjustments to thechangescausedbythedisasterandimprovingonthestatusquo,wherepossible.

Rehabilitation:Refers tomeasures tohelp restore the livelihoods, assets andproductionlevelsofemergencyaffectedcommunities.

Relief:Referstoemergencyprovisionofassistancetosavepeople’slivesintheimmediatewakeofadisaster,includingsearchandrescue,evacuation,distributionoffoodandwater,temporaryprovisionofsanitation,healthcareandshelter,andtherestorationofimmediatepersonalsecurity.

Resilience:Refers to theabilityofa system,communityor societyexposed tohazards toresist,absorb,accommodatetoandrecoverfromtheeffectofahazardinatimelyandefficientmanner,includingthroughthepreservationandrestorationofitsessentialbasicstructuresandfunctions.

Response: The provisions of emergency services and public assistance during orimmediatelyafteradisasterinordertosavelives,reducehealthimpacts,ensurepublicsafetyandmeetthebasicsubsistenceneedsofthepeopleaffected.


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Risk: Refers to the probability of harmful consequences such as deaths or injuries, orexpectedlossesofpropertyorlivelihoods,disruptionofeconomicactivityorenvironmentaldamage, resulting from interaction between natural or human induced hazards andvulnerableconditions.

Source:Thenaturalormanmadeconditionsthatmaytranslateintoadisaster.Forinstance,aweakeneddamisasourceofhazardforpeople livingdownstream. Similarly,geologicalfault‐lines, active volcanoes, industrial installations storing or producing poisonoussubstances,andhydrologicaldisturbancesaresourcesofriskforgeographical locationsinproximitytothemetc.

Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs. Sustainabledevelopment is basedon socio‐ cultural development, political stability and decorum,economicgrowthandecosystemprotection,whichallrelatetodisaster‐resilienceincrease.

Vulnerability: Refers to a set of conditions and processes resulting fromphysical, social,economicandenvironmentalfactorswhichincreasethesusceptibilityofacommunitytotheimpactofhazards.


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Chapter

1ProfileofAJ&KRegion


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Chapter1:ProfileofAJ&KRegion

MapofAJK


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1.1 Topography

TheStateofAzadJammuandKashmirliesbetweenlongitude73o–75oandlatitude33o–36oandcomprisesanareaof5,134squaremiles(13,297squarekilometers).AJ&Kfallswithinthe Himalayan organic belt. As such, its topography is mainly hilly and mountainouscharacterized by deep ravines, rugged, and undulating terrain. The northern districts(Neelum,Muzaffarabad, JhelumValley, Bagh, Haveli, Poonch, and Sudhnoti) are generallymountainouswhilesoutherndistricts(Kotli,Mirpur,andBhimber)arerelativelyplain.Themountainecosystemsarerelativelyunstableandhavelowinherentproductivity.Withinthisfragileenvironment,however,thereisagreatvarietyofecologicalnichesuponwhichpeoplebasetheirlivelihood.Smalllandholdingsandscarcityofcultivablelandarethemainfactorslimitingon‐farm income.The area is full of natural beautywith thick forests, fast flowingriversandwindingstreams.MainriversareJhelum,NeelumandPoonch.

1.2 Climate

Theregionismarkedwithvariedelevationassouthbeinglowestat360metersabovesealevelandnorthhavingthehighestaltitudeof6325meters.AJ&Kexperiencesvariedseasonsforwhichthesnowlinefluctuatesbetween1200metersinwinterto3300metersinsummer.

Dependingonthealtitude,AJ&Khasawiderangeofclimaticconditions.TheSouthhasdrysub‐tropicalclimatewhiletheNorthmostmoisttemperate.Thereissignificantvariationintherainfallpatternacrossdifferentregionsbothintermsofamountanddistribution.Averageannual rainfall ranges from1000mm to2000mm. In thenortherndistricts30%to60%precipitationis in theshapeofsnow.Inwinter,snowline isaround1200meterswhileinsummeritis3300meters.Averagemaximumtemperaturerangesfrom20°Cto32°Cwhiletheaverageminimumtemperaturerangeis04to07°C.Detailsofyearlyrainfalldataareatannex.

1.3 Soil

Basedonthelocation,thesoilinAJ&Kcanbebroadlygroupedinto03categories:

a. Soil of mountain plateau is generally leached and relatively infertile. b. Soil of mountain slopes is gravelly loam, shallow and deficient in organic matter. c. Soil of inter-mountainous valleys is alluvial with a high agricultural potential.

1.4 RegionalVariations

The terrain, resources and socio‐economic conditions vary across different regionsof theState.MuzaffarabadDivision,thelargestdivisionislessaccessibleandthepoorest,especiallythenorthernpartofDistrictNeelum.AsonemovessouthfromMuzaffarabadtowardsBagh,thenPoonch,SudhnotiandKotli,thevalleywidensupandagriculturalproductionincreases.Theareaismoreaccessible,especiallyfromPakistan.KotliispartiallyhillywhereasBhimberandMirpurareplainsandsimilartoagriculturalregionsofnorthernPunjab.Settlementsizeislargerhereandrichinagriculturalproduction.Thelineofcontrol(LOC)areawithIndian


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occupiedKashmir (IOK) remainsa restricted zone;otherwise life carriesonasusual.TheentirestretchoftheLineofControlbetweentheIndianheldKashmirandtheareasoftheAzadKashmirisapproximately740Km.

1.5 Languages

AlthoughUrduistheofficiallanguageofAzadJammu&Kashmir.OtherlanguagesarePahari,Gojri,andKashmiri.ThedominantlanguagespokenintheStateisPahariwithdifferentaccentthatcloselyresemblestoPothowariandHindko.

1.6 PerCapitaIncomeandEmployment

Themajority of the rural population depends on forestry, livestock, agriculture and non‐formalemploymenttoekeoutitssubsistence.NationalaveragepercapitaincomehasbeenestimatedtobeUS$1512andaccordingtoLaborForceSurvey(LFS)unemploymentrateinAJ&K is 14.4%**. In linewith the National trends, indicators of social sector particularlyhealthandpopulationhavenotshownmuchproficiency.Effortshavebeenmadeduringtherecentpasttomakeupthisdeficiencysothatthefruitsofdevelopmentcanbebroughttothedoorstepofeverycommonman.

*EconomicsurveyofPakistan2014‐15

**LFS,Pakistan2014‐15

1.7 Population

AJ&Kisafascinatinglandofpeople,languages&culture.Originofinhabitantsisclaimedtobe from thedescendantsof Semitic,Mongoloid,Aryans,Afghans,Persians, Turks&Arabsraces.Themarvelofbeautyhasmanyshadesoftimesandenjoysaspecialplaceinhistory.

According to the 1998 population census, the State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir had apopulation of 2.973 million, which has grown to 4.466 million in 2015. Almost 100%population is Muslim. The population has grown at 2.4% annually during last decade;however, the family size remains slightly over 7 members per family, living mostly inextended/joint family structures. The population is predominantly rural with only 12%peopleresidingincities.

TheRural toUrbanratio is88:12.Thepopulationdensity is336personsperSq.Km.Theliteracy rate has increased from 55% to 76% after 1998 census. InfantMortality Rate isapproximately58per1000livebirths,whereastheimmunizationrateforthechildrenunder5yearsofageismorethan94%.


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PopulationFeatures2015

ProjectedpopulationofAJ&K.(2015) 4.466million

Malepopulation(2015) 2.247million

Femalepopulation(2015) 2.217million

GenderRatio(Numberofmalesper100females) 101

AverageFamilySize 6.7Members. (MICS2007‐08)

Rural‐UrbanRatio 88:12

GrowthRate 2.41%

PopulationDensity1998Census.

PopulationDensity2015projected

258Persons/Sq.Km.

336Persons/Sq.Km.

LiteracyRate 76%

Religion Almost100%Muslims

Projectedonthebasisof1998Census

Source:i.PopulationCensusOrganization,Islamabad.

ii.PSLM2014‐15Survey

1.8 Health

HealthcoverageinAzadJammu&Kashmirisstillinadequate.Thereareapproximately3855hospitalbedsavailableintheareaaveragingonebedper1158people.AlthoughAJ&Khasprimaryhealthcarecoverageof58%,howevergapbetweenserviceprovidersandpopulationthey supposedly serve is growing. The total number of Doctors, including AdministrativeDoctors,HealthManagers&Dentistsis1078outofwhichthereare57HealthManagers,76Dental Surgeons and 826 Medical Officers/Specialists, giving an average 0.18 Per 1000PopulationinrespectofMedicalOfficers/Specialists,0.017per1000PopulationinrespectofDentistsand0.012per1000population,inrespectofHealthManagers.

Source:DirectorateofHealth,Muzaffarabad

1.9 Education

EducationhasbeenapriorityoftheGovt.oftheStateofAzadJammu&Kashmirasabout30%ofitstotalrecurringbudget,besides,7%ofthetotaldevelopmentbudgetisallocatedtothissector.AJ&K’sliteracyrateis77%*whichissignificantlyhigherthanthenationalaverageofPakistan.Atpresentthegrossenrollmentrateatprimarylevelis115%forboysand105%forgirls(betweentheagesof5‐9).Districtwiseliteracyrateisgivenbelow.


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NameofDistrict LiteracyRate%

AJ&K 77

Muzaffarabad/JhelumValley 72

Neelum 54

Bagh/Haveli 74

Poonch 81

Sudhnoti 79

Kotli 73

Mirpur 78

Bhimber 79

Sources:*PSLMSurvey2014‐15

1.10 Governance

Azad Jammu&Kashmir has a parliamentary form of Government. The President of AzadJammu and Kashmir is the Constitutional Head of the State, while the Prime Minister,supported by a Cabinet, is the Chief Executive. AJ&K has its own Legislative Assemblycomprisingof41directand8indirectelectedmembers,amembereachfromTechnocrats,Mashaikhs,OverseasKashmirisand5femalemembers.TheAJ&KhasitsinstitutionsoftheSupremeCourt,HighCourtandShariaCourt.

100

102

104

106

108

110

112

114

116

Enrolement

Percentage

EnrolementRate(Age5‐9Years)

Boys

Girls


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1.11 AdministrativeSet‐up

AzadJammu&Kashmirisdividedintothreedivisions(Muzaffarabad,Poonch&Mirpur)andtenadministrativedistrictswithMuzaffarabadasthecapitaloftheState.TheMuzaffarabadDivision comprises ofMuzaffarabad, JhelumValley andNeelumdistricts, PoonchDivisioncomprisesofBagh,Haveli,Poonch&SudhnotidistrictswhereasMirpurDivisionconsistsofMirpur,Kotli&Bhimberdistricts.Thesetendistrictsarefurtherdividedinto32Subdivisions,194 Union Councils and 1771 Revenue Villages. There are 5 Municipal Corporations, 13Municipal Committees, 18 Town Committees and 31 Markaz Councils, which areadministratedbytheLocalGovernment&RuralDevelopmentDepartment(LG&RDD).

Divisions,Districts&Sub‐DivisionsofAJ&K

Division District Sub‐DivisionNo.ofVillages

Total

Muzaffarabad

MuzaffarabadMuzaffarabad 286

Districts=03

Sub‐Division=07

Villages=670

Pattika(Naseerabad) 129

NeelumAthmuqam 63

Sharda 25

JhelumValley

JhelumValleyBala 110

Leepa 33

Chikar 24

Poonch

Bagh

Bagh 52

Districts=04

Sub‐Division=14

Villages=414

Dhirkot 61

Harighel 27

Haveli

Haveli 44

Khurshidabad 16

Mumtazabad 31

Poonch

Rawalakot 53

Hajira 44

Thorar 07

Abbaspur 18

Sudhnoti

Pallandri 27

Tararkhal 11

Mang 06


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Baloch 17

Mirpur

MirpurMirpur 176

Districts=03

Sub‐Division=11

Villages=687

Dadyal 70

Kotli

Kotli 84

Khuiratta 26

Fatehpur 18

Sehnsa 71

Charhoi 19

DarlianJattan 16

Bhimber

Bhimber 66

Samahni 47

Barnala 94

03 10 32 1771

Source:‐BoardofRevenue,Muzaffarabad.

1.12 EconomicFeatures

Predominantly,AJ&Kexhibitscultivation,livestockrearingandservicesasavocationalbasehoweveraveragefamilyincomegenerationfromagricultureandlivestockremainslargelyofsubsistencevalue.Ontheotherhand,anoticeableproportionofpopulationhasemigratedtoMiddle East, UK and Europe in search of better income prospects. Consequently, foreigncapitalremittancesalsoholdavitalshareinhouseholdincomeaccumulation;theestimatedpercapitalincomestandsat847US$.Unemploymentrateisbetween6.0to6.5%perannum.Though it is difficult to find credible source for poverty statistics, nevertheless anecdotalaccounts suggest that poverty figures are in between 35%‐45% of total population. Theaftermathof2005earthquakehasfurtherincreasedpovertyandhasdefragmentedthefragilesocio‐economic fabric of AJ&K, especially of those living in remote rural areas and inmountainousregions.

1.13 Agriculture

Area under cultivation is around 1,940,82 hectares, which is almost 13% of the totalGeographicalareaoutofwhich92%ofthecultivableareaisrain‐fed.About87%householdshaveverysmalllandholdingsbetweenonetotwoacres.MajorcropsareMaize,Wheat&RicewhereasminorcropsareGrams,Pulses(RedKidneyBeans),VegetablesandOil‐seeds.Majorfruits produced in AJ&K are Apple, Pears, Apricot andWalnuts. Agriculture and livestockincomerangesbetween30‐40%ofhouseholdearnings.


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The remaining share comes from other sources including employment, businesses andremittancesreceivedbythefamiliesofAJ&Klivingabroad.Reducedagricultureproductivityhasadverselyaffectedthetraditionallifestyleandpercapitaincomeoftheruralhouseholds.

AgricultureinAJ&K

LandHoldingsAreainHectares&Acres

Hectares Acres

TotalFarmArea 637368 1574936

FarmAreaperFamily 1.749 4.323

FarmAreaPerCapita 0.216 0.534

AreaUnderCultivation 194082 479576

CultivatedAreaPerFamily 0.515 1.273

CultivatedAreaPerCapita 0.064 0.157

AnnualCroppedArea 238735 589913

Non–irrigatedArea 181979 449671

IrrigatedArea 12102 29905

AreaUnderMaizeCultivation 99408 245638

AreaUnderwheatCultivation 80706 199425

AreaUnderRiceCultivation 2824 6979

AreaUnderJawarCultivation 48 118

AreaUnderVegetablesCultivation 3493 8631

AreaUnderFruitsCultivation 13092 32350

Sources:AgricultureDepartment,Muzaffarabad.

MajorCropsProduction(MetricTons)

CropName Quantity

Maize 185195

Wheat 152451

Rice 7350

Millet 34298


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Source:AgricultureDepartmentMuzaffarabad.

1.14 LivestockPopulation&DomesticPoultryBirdsbyAdministrativeUnits

Onan average inAJ&K, livestock consists of 3heads and 2 headper household for smallruminants and cattle/buffalo respectively. Overall gross annual income from livestock isRs.1600perhouseholdandcontributionofmilkisabout68%.

1.15 Forests

About42.6%ofthetotalGeographicalarea(0.567millionhectares),issubstantiallycoveredby the forests and due to its highlighted importance, as amajor resource of revenue theGovernmentForestDepartmentisoverallresponsibleofprotectionandreforestation.AzadKashmir Logging and Sawing Board (AKLAS) was setup to market the natural forestresources,bythevirtueofvalueaddition;variousexhibitionoutletshavebeensetupforthesametogaindesiredmarketoutreach.

Thepercapitastandingvolumeis299.5Cubicfootandpercapitaforestareais0.35Acre.Annualwooddemandis1.65millioncubicmetersandsustainableproductionis1.94millioncubicmeters.Thelocalcommunitieshavetraditionalrightsintermsofuseoftheforestsandon an average three trees are burnt by one household every year for the fuel‐woodrequirements in the absence of alternate sources. Similarly, about 5 trees on average arerequiredtoconstructahouseforwhichthewoodroofshavetobereplacedafterevery8‐10years.

13%

43%

44%

GeographicalLandUse

UnderCultivation

Forest

Others


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TotalGeographicalArea: 1.330millionHectares 3.286millionAcres

GeneralDistributionofLandUtilization

Area(million) %of

LandUtilization Hectares Acres FDA* TGA**

A)AreaControlledbyDeptt.OfForest 0.567 1.400 100.0 42.60

1.AreaUnderProductiveForests 0.379 0.936 66.8 28.5

i.AreaunderActualForest

AreaUnderDeodar 0.018 0.044 3.1 1.3

AreaUnderKail 0.036 0.090 6.4 2.7

AreaUnderFir 0.042 0.103 7.4 3.2

AreaUnderPine 0.057 0.141 10.1 4.3

AreaUnderBroadLeavesTrees 0.001 0.002 0.1 0.1

Sub‐Total(i) 0.154 0.38 27.1 11.6

ii.AreaUnderThinlywoodedForests 0.225 0.556 39.7 16.9

2)NonProductiveArea 0.188 0.464 33.2 14.1

BAreaUnderCultivation 0.173 0.427 ‐ 13.0

CAreaUnderCultivableWaste 0.032 0.080 ‐ 2.4

DAreaUnderUncultivableWaste 0.558 1.379 ‐ 42.0

TotalGeographicalArea

(A+B+C+D)

1.330 3.286 ‐ 100

ForestProduction

TotalAnnualForestProduction 6687000Cft

AnnualProduction/Acre 4.77Cft

PerCapitaForestArea 0.35Acre

PerCapitaStandingVolume 299.5Cft

PerCapitaTimber(Yield) 1.65Cft

*ForestDemarcatedArea.**TotalGeographicalArea


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1.16 MineralResources

TheGeologicalenvironmentofAJ&Kcomprisesgenerally3typesofrocksi.e.Sedimentary,IgneousandMetamorphic.TheIndustrialmineralsandbasemetalsarefoundinallof3rocksspreading all over the AJ&K territory whereas gemstones are confined to metamorphicterrain and occur in the upper parts of Neelum valley. Themost economically promisingmineralresourcesofAzadKashmiraregemstonesandindustrialminerals.InAJ&Kmineralexplorationactivitiesstartedin1973byAKMIDC,astateownedcorporationandemphasiswaslaidonassessmentofpotentialeconomicdepositsandananalysisofvalueofthedifferentmineralsdiscoveredintheareasofaramountto137.915milliontons.

1.17 Industry

The unique topography,meteorology, hydrology and administrative setup offer adequateinvestmentavenues.Variousfocusareashavebeendevelopedforthesereasoni.e.medium&largeindustrysetups,Kashmirihandicrafts,mineralresources,hydropowergenerationandtourismrespectively.Anumberoftax‐freeindustrialzoneshavebeensetupinconcurrenttoabove.

1.18 Tourism

NestlinginthelapseoftheHimalayas,AzadJammuandKashmirhasbeengenerouslyblessedwithscenicbeauty.Itssnowcoveredpeaks,denseforests,windingrivers,turbulentstreams;sweet‐scentedvalleys,velvetgreenplateausandclimatevaryingformarctictotropical,alltogethermakeitanexcellenttouristresort.ValleyslikeNeelum,Jhelum,Leepa,Rawalakot,Banjosa,SamahiniandBaghserunfolddelightfulscenicbeautyandprovideafeastofpleasureto discerning tourist’s eyes. Azad Kashmir is also blessed with a varied mountainouslandscaperangingfromlowhillstohighmountains(2000to6000meters).Theareaismostsuitableforsofttomediumadventuretourism.Theareaprovidesexcellentopportunitiesforrockclimbing,trekking,mountaineeringandsummercamping.Moreover,blessedwithlargenumberofriversandstreams,AzadKashmiroffersgreatpotentialforwatersports,especiallyrafting,canoeingandKayaking.Infrastructure,apre‐requisiteforthedevelopmentoftourismcompriseswide‐ranginganddiverseactivitiesrequiringheavyinvestment.

1.19 Roads

RoadsaretheonlymodeoftransportationinAzadJammuandKashmir.ThepresentroadlengthinAJ&Kisgivenbelow:‐


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RoadLength(Kms)

Roads 2015

Metalled 8909.09

Fair‐weather 6958

Total 15867.09

RoadDensity(KmPerSq.Km) 0.67

1.20 Airports

The Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir in collaboration with the Civil AviationAuthority of Pakistan has constructed two small airports inMuzaffarabad andRawalakotcities in order to provide easy and fastmode of travel (Flights presently suspended). Aninternational airport at Mirpur is to be constructed in collaboration with Civil AviationAuthority,GOPtofacilitatetheneedof1.5millionPeopleofAJ&K,livingabroad.

1.21 Power

AJ&K has extensive power distribution network. At present, the installedGrid capacity is677.3MVAandabout25,861kmtransmissionlineshavebeenextendedto1670villagesoutof a total of 1771 villages and about 4.267million populations have been providedwithelectricitysupply.Thepercapitaelectricityconsumptionis353KWHandwithinnexttwoyears100%populationofAJ&Kisplannedtobeprovidedwithpowerconnections.

1.22 HydroPowerGeneration

AzadJammu&Kashmirbyvirtueof itstopography,meteorologyandhydrologyisblessedwithabundanthydropowerpotential.UptoDecember2015,approximately5,63,059serviceconnectionshavebeenprovidedtotheconsumers.

AJ&Khasidentifiedpotentialofhydropowergenerationof8695.46MWofelectricityusingitsnaturalresources.

StatusofHydroPowerProjectsinAJ&K

STATUS Nos. Capacity(MW)

Commissioned 16 1135.870

a.PDO 13 50.870

b.WAPDA 1 1000.000

c.AJ&KPPC/PPIB 2 85.000


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Ongoing 19 1372.55

PDO(ADP:10,PSDP:1) 16 154.55

WAPDA 1 969.000

AJ&KPPC/PPIB 2 249.000

NewProjects(AJ&KPDO)FY2015‐16

(3AJ&KADPCap:2.5MW)

3 2.5

UpcomingProjectsinPublicSector

(19FeasibilityCompletedCap:62.88MW+4PC‐I

Cap:78.25MW)

23 141.13

ProjectsUnderProcessinPrivateSector

(08PPIBCap:3912MW+223AJ&KPPCCap:272.41)

30 4184.41

RawSitespre‐feasibilityunderprocessbyWAPDA

(Dudhnial:960MW,NeelumII,III&IV:899MW)

4 1859.000

TOTAL 95 8695.460

Source:PowerDevelopmentOrganization,Muzaffarabad

1.23 PipedWaterSupply

PublicHealth&EngineeringDepartment(PHED)anddepartmentofLocalGovernmentandRural Development (LGRD) are responsible for water supply in AJ&K. The former isresponsibleforwatersupplyinurbancentresandlaterinruralareas.Atpresent68%oftheurbanpopulationand53%ofruralpopulationhasbeenprovidedwithapipedwatersupplythrough house connections and public stand posts. Out of 1771 villages, 1032 have beenprovidedwithwatersupplyfacility.

1.24 CommunicationsInfrastructure

Multiple means of communication including private mobile networks, wirelesscommunicationusedbypoliceandforestdepartmentandthelandlineandcellularnetworkofSpecialCommunicationOrganization(SCO)areavailableacrossthestate.InAzadJammuandKashmir, there are six cellularmobileoperators i.e.Mobilink,Telenor,Ufone, CMPak,WaridandSpecialCommunicationOrganization(SCO).TheoperatorshavecoveredmostpartoftheAJ&KbyprovidingservicesusingGSM,UMTSandLTEtechnology.Nowasaresultofthis,mobileserviceswithdatafacilitiesareavailableinfarflungmountainousareasofthestate.TheprocessforNextGenerationMobileServicesAwardhasalreadybegunandsoonpeopleofAJ&Kwillenjoythehighspeedwirelessbroadbandservicesintheirareas.


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TheSCOraisedsince1976,isprovidingstate‐of‐the‐art,modernITandTelecomfacilitiesinAzadJammu&Kashmir.CurrentservicesincludelandlineTelephone(PSTN),Mobile(GSM),WirelessLocalLoop(WLL),InternetBroadband(DSL)andDigitalCrossConnect(DXX).

1.25 IssuesandChallengestoSustainableDevelopment

AJ&K faces plethora of challenges, impeding progress towards achieving sustainabledevelopment.Thekeyfactorsatplayarethepeculiargeophysicalenvironmentandclimateof AJ&K,whichmakes it susceptible tomultiple hazards like earthquakes, flash and riverfloods,avalanches, landslidesandwildfiresetc.ThedevelopmentplanninginAJ&Ksofar,havepaid little attention to the risksposedbynatural hazards, thushaveheightened thevulnerabilityofcommunities&criticalinfrastructuretosuchrisks.

Thechallengesposedbynaturalforcesarefurtheraggravatedbythegeo‐politicalsituationofAJ&K,aregionreckonedaspotentialflashpointfornuclearwarandisacontinuoussourceof conflict and hostility between India and Pakistan. The lingering conflict does posechallengestoachievingsustainabledevelopment.

Theothercontributingfactorsimpedingprogresstowardssustainabledevelopmentarerisksensitivesourcesoflivelihoods,dynamicpressures–urbanization,populationexplosion,de‐forestation, absence or weak enforcement of land use planning and constructionregimes/codes,shortageof trainedmanpowerwith inadequateresources inpublicsector,poverty,illiteracyandfatalisticoutlooketc.

Achievingsustainabledevelopmentwouldrequirewell thought‐out,coordinatedefforts inintegratingdisasterriskmanagementindevelopmentplanningandmanagement.Thisseemspossible only through extensive research, enabling policy environment, political andinstitutional commitment, education and training, and adequate funding support witheffectivemonitoring,controlsandaccountabilityatalllevels.


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Chapter

2Hazards,VulnerabilityandRiskAssessment


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Chapter‐2:Hazards,VulnerabilityandRiskAssessmentThepeculiardisasterriskcontextofAJ&Kaffirmstheareaasahubofvarietyofdisasters.This section of the plan presents an overview of disaster risk scenario of area, and theiranalysiswithrespecttohistoricalpatterns,institutional,socio‐economicvulnerabilitiesandconsequences.Theriskassessmentwasdriventhroughwiderangingconsultationexerciseswhereas;scientificperspectivewasmostlygainedthroughreviewoftechnicalreports.

Amixmethodologicalapproachwasadopted toassess the riskswhich includeanalysisofspatialandtemporaldisasterpatterns,futuretrendsandextensivediscussionswithrangeofstakeholders.Hazard,VulnerabilityandCapacityAssessment(HVCA)toolswereusedduringconsultativemeeting to secure inputs form all relevant stake holders including technicalagencies,nationalbuildingdepartments,UNagencies,civilsocietyorganizations,academiaandresearchorganizationsetc.

Theassessmentandtheanalysismadewillsurelyprovidethebasisforfutureplanningandresearch. The purposewas to develop shared understanding of risk context in AJ&K andpresentbriefandfocuseddescriptionoftheriskenvironmentforgeneratingideasaroundprioritystrategiesandactionplan.

2.1 DisasterRiskAnalysisofAzadJammuandKashmir

Azad Jammu&Kashmir (AJK) has a very diverse and ironic hazard and risk profilewithalmost all natural and human‐induced hazards embodied; the region has steep slopes,complexgeologicalstructureswithactivetectonicprocessesandcontinuedseismicactivities.Furthermore, the region has a climate systemwith great seasonality in rainfall.With herpeculiarhazardousenvironment,therisksareaccentuatedforcurrentstateofphysical,socio‐economicandorganizationalvulnerabilitiesandexposure.

DisasterHistory

Period Hazard Damages

Houses Lives Socio‐EconomicImpact1988 Avalanche 500 20 Infrastructure,livestocketc.1991 Avalanche 150 25 Infrastructure,livestocketc.1992 Flood 21920 322 Infrastructure,livestock,crops,over1.25

millionofpopulationadverselyaffected

2005 Avalanche 40 52 14injured,SnowavalanchestuckinNeelumValleyandLeepaValley

2005 EQ 314,474 46570 Multisectorallongtermhighmagnitudeimpact.Over33,136injured.1.8millionpeopleaffected

2006&

2010

Flood 11,240 96 79injured,shops,houses,agricultureandroads,communicationaffected

2011 LandSlide 34 1 228individualsaffected,26millioneconomiclosses,cultivableland


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2012 FlashFlood 2092 41 24injured,Morethan15000peopleaffected,agricultural&Multisectoralloses

2012 Avalanche 20 17 23injuredSnowavalanchestuckinNeelumValley

2013 Heavyrains

786 33 15injured,24shops,81cattle,agricultural&Multisectoralloses

2013 IndianFiringalongtheLOC

45 4 34injured,16cattle,04vehicles

2014 Heavyrains

4108 56 87Injured,148Shop,1171Cattleagricultural&Multisectoralloses

2015 Heavyrains

408 26 5Injured,10shops,cattlehead06agricultural&Multisectorialloses

2015 Earthquake 76 2 23Injured,01Van,02Schools2016 Heavy

rains/landsliding

1317 26 20Injured,43shops,17cattleheads&acresoflanddestroyed

TheprocessofriskassessmentandanalysisfollowedbydevelopingDistrictRiskAssessmentMatrixtookintoaccountthetechnicalfeaturesofhazardslikelocation,intensity,frequencyand probability with those of corresponding vulnerabilities (social, economic, physical,environmental,organizationalatvaryinglevels).Thematrixdrawnafterconsultationgivesanoverviewofriskassessmentassociatedwithdifferenthazardswhichcutsacrossdifferentregions/districtsinAJ&K.

Thebasisofdrawingthismatrixprimarilyisdriventhroughwiderangingconsultationexerciseswhereas;scientificperspectiveismostlygainedthroughreviewoftechnicalreports.FollowingtablegivesabriefoverviewofhistoricalpatternsofdisasterswithcorrespondingimpactovertheyearsinAJ&K.


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S.# District

Hazard

Earthquake

Landslide

Avalanche

FlashFloods

Seasonal

Floods

CloudBurst

WindStrom

Lightening

Drought

Epidem

ics

ForestFire

Firingalong

LOC

Road

Accident

Terrorism

Drowning

1 Muzaffarabad

2 Neelum

3 JhelumValley

4 Bagh

5 Haveli

6 Poonch

7 Sudhnoti

8 Kotli

9 Mirpur

10 Bhimber

Extreme High Moderate Low Nil


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VeryHigh High Moderate Slight

AzadJammuandKashmir(AJ&K)ishighlypronetobothnaturalandman‐madedisasters.Floods,droughts,landslidesandearthquakesarearecurringphenomenon.


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2.2 RisksAssociatedwithNaturalHazards

Theriskenvironmentforeachhazardtypehasbeenexplainedinthefollowingsections:

In‐depthandrepeatedconsultationswithgovernmentofficials,academiaandNGOshelpedprioritizingthehazardcontextofAJ&K,bothintermsofnaturalandmanmade.Foreasiercomprehensionhazardsaregroupedintocategoriesbasedoncausativefactorslikegeologicalandhydro‐morphologicaletc.Theriskcontextforeachhazardhasbeenexplainedinrelevantsection.

GeologicalHazards

2.2.1 Earthquakes

KashmirliesintheareawheretheEurasianandIndiantectonicplatesarecolliding.Outofthis collision, theHimalayas beganuplifting 50million years ago, and continue to risebyabout5mm/year.Thisgeologicalactivityisthecauseoftheearthquakesinthearea.Belowmap depicting tectonic plates shows Indian subcontinent and Eurasian land plate dividethroughoutPakistanandKashmirwhereearthquakeactivityiscommon.

AJ&Khasexperienced2005‐Earthquakeasarareexampleofhumansufferingintermsoflife,propertyandsocio‐economiclosses.TheearthquakeofOctober8,2005shookthecalmnessandtranquilityoftheStatethatbroughtanguishandwoestothelivesofover4millionsouls.Theearthquakecausedmassivelossofpreciouslivesaswellaslivelihoodtothevictims,while


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reducingallessentialfacilitiesandinfrastructuretodustanddebris.InnorthernpartofAJK7000Sq.Km(outof13297Sq.Km)areawasaffected,inflictingmassivedamagestothelargenumberofpopulation(1.80million)inMuzaffarabadandPoochdivision.Theearthquakeon26thOctober2015damagedtwoschoolswhile23personswereinjured.

Recent studies indicate that the energy stored along the Himalayan arc suggests a highprobability of several massive earthquakes. Various national and international agencieshighlightedthatAJ&Kisstillunderthreatofabigearthquake.AsDr.RodgerBilham,ColoradoUniversityUSAsuggestsinareport(November,2005)thatthe2005EQhasnotreleasedthetotalcumulativeenergythathasbeendevelopingsincelastbigearthquakeinthisregionin1555orbefore.Still90%energyisyettobereleasedandmayexplodeanytimecausingahuge devastation. Further after Japan Tsunami 2010, Dr. Bilham analyzed tectonicmovementsandindicatedpotentialEQ/seismichazardinPirPanjalmountainousrange.Hefearsthatamegaearthquakeat9rectorscaleislikelytotriggerlandslidesthatcoulddamtheJhelumvalleyriver,whichdrainsfromtheIndianoccupiedKashmirvalleyintoPakistan.Thatcouldput thevalleyunderwaterwithinthreemonthsandwouldalso threatendisastrousfloodinginPakistanifthewaterswerereleasedtooquickly.Bilhamfearsforthedeathtollofhumanbeinguptothreehundredthousand.

(MapshowingPirPanjalandZanskarMountainRanges)

Dr. JohnPalofGermanynegatedpredictionsofRodgerBilhamand inhisstudies JohnPalindicatedthatduetoactivefaultlinesamajorEQisdueintheZanskarmountainousrangewithin200to300Kmofradius.

To ascertain the veracity of Dr. Rodger Bilham report about major Kashmir EQ, SDMAconsultedwithGeologicaldepartmentofAJ&KUniversityandGeologicalSurveyofPakistan.ExpertsofboththedepartmentsnegatedthepredictionsofDr.BilhamandstatedthatEQat9rectorscalecouldneveroccurinthisregion,however,studiesofGeologicaldepartmentof


28

AJ&K University suggested theMain Boundary Thrust (MBT) Jhelum Strike‐slip fault andKashmirBoundaryThrust(KBT)arenowtectonicallymoreactivewhichmaybeharmfulforthemultistoriedbuildingsandotherconstructionworksinthisarea.

Theseismicgapsinthisregionarethoughttostorethetectonicstrainandarecandidatesforfuture largeearthquakes.Themediumrangeearthquakes(fewmonths to fewyears)withmagnitude 7 and greater are expected along these gaps. The 1100 km long seismic gapbetweenAssamtonorthernIndia,300kmlongseismicgapbetweenNorthernIndiatoBaghAzadKashmirand250kmlongseismicgapbetweenMuzaffarabadtoNorthernAfghanistanareindicatorsofthefuturemediumrangeearthquakeswithmagnitude7andgreater.

JapanInternationalCooperationAssistance(JICA)ExpertsundertheProject“FormulationofNationalDisasterManagementPlanintheIslamicRepublicofPakistan”hasconductedhazardandriskassessmentstudyandpreparedhazardmapsin2010‐2011.Accordingtotheirriskassessmentstudy,eightdistrictsofAJ&KlieunderveryhighriskandtwoofthedistrictslieunderhighriskofEQHazard.BelowtableandmapshowtheseverityofEQHazardinAJKregion.

Sr.No. District EQRiskSeverity

1 Neelum

2 Muzaffarabad

3 JhelumValley

4 Bagh

5 Haveli

6 Rawalakot

7 Kotli

8 Sudhnuti

9 Bhimber

10 Mirpur

Legend VeryHighRisk HighRisk

(Source:JICAStudies2010‐2011)Accordingtodifferentfindings/studiesthewholeofAJ&Kfallsinactiveseismiczonewhich,combinedwithphysicalandeconomicvulnerabilities,posesextremerisksespeciallytothoseliving either on fault lines or adjoining areas. The Northern districts mainly Neelum,Muzaffarabad, JhelumValley, Bagh,Haveli, Poonch, Sudhnoti andKotli are at greater riskcomparedtoextremesoutherndistrictsi.e.MirpurandBhimber.Thecausesareobvious,astheregionliesontwocontinentalplates(Indo‐Eurasianplates).

The latest seismicmicro‐zonationstudies conductedbyNESPAKandGeological SurveyofPakistan(GSP)suggestthatMuzaffarabad,PoonchandKotlidistrictsfaceextremeriskofa


29

majorearthquakewhilesurroundingdistrictsfaceslightlylesserdegreeofrisks.KotlidistrictfallsinanactiveseismiczoneandhasaminorfaultlineintheregionofTattaPani.

Concurrently, in the latter part ofMarch, 2006, circumference area comprising of districtMirpur,AJ&KandsomeareasofJhelum,provinceofPunjabexperiencedanisolatedepisodeofseismicactivity,measuring5.3onrectorscale.

Surrounding areas of UCs Pindi, Samwal and Sabarwal were affected. 500 families werereported tohavebeendisplaced inUCSamwalandSabarwal, lossof life remainedon theminimumandwaslargelyduetothepost‐traumaticstressreactionsfromthegreatPakistanearthquakei.e.Jumpingofbuildings,panic,stampedeetc.AnothermassiveearthquakenotsecondtotheEQof2005intermsofmagnitudei.e.7.5onrectorscaleinOctober2015thatstruckmajorcitiesofPakistan,includingtheAzadJammu&Kashmir,leaving2personsdeadand more than 48 injured due to building collapses, landslides and other quake relatedincidentsinAJ&K.Whilethemagnitudeofthisearthquakewasclosetothedevastatingquakeof2005,theepicenterofthe2005quakewasshallowhencecausedmoredestruction.Theearthquake in2005was at a depth of 26 km,while thiswas at a depthof 196km. Fortyminutesafterthefirstearthquake,anaftershockof4.8magnitudewasreportedinthesamearea.


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However,theseeventfailedtogainanydue/noticeableattentionandremainsoffthehazardclassificationcharts;consequently,postdisastertechnicalhazardanalysisstudieswerenotorleastconductedforthesame.

Vulnerability&RiskFactors

Cognitivelywhole region is characterizedbygeneralizedpatternof common institutional,socialandculturalvulnerabilities,whichareapplicableacrossdifferenthazardsandgroups.Thegeneralvulnerabilitiesareasfollow:

a) Insufficientorlimitedcoordinationbetweenresponseinstitutionsandlineagencies.b) Jobfragmentationandlackofclarityastomandateandresponsibilityfordisasterrisks

relatedworkbetweendifferentlinedepartmentsc) Limited awareness, understanding and institutional capacity for risk responsive

developmentplanningd) Absenceoflanduseplans;inappropriatedesignandconstructionofpublicandprivate

infrastructureasperbuildingcodese) Absenceorweakimplementationarrangementofpolicies,legalinstrumentsandcodes

(suchasbuildingcodes)forriskconsciousdevelopmentplanningf) Availabilityoflimitedsafelandwithincreasinggrowthofsettlementsinnon‐safeareasg) Illiteracy, poverty and limited access to social services for communities and financial

constraintsforpublicagenciestoimproveaccesstoservicesh) Absenceofcontingencyordepartmentalemergencypreparednessplansi) Institutionallyemergencyresponseisdealtwithpost‐emergency/disasterasandwhen

scenario;lackingtheessentialelementofpre‐emergency/disasterpreparednessj) Absenceofresourcemobilization/allocationforemergency/riskpreparation,mitigation

andresponseactivities;hencefallingshortoffindinganysignificantplacementinannualdevelopmentplans(thoughtraditionallycontingentcostsareincorporatedintoprojectplansbutonlyinthelightofrisinginflationratesandtoreducethecostoftime)–thusthereisnofinancialbuffersavailabletocombatemergencysituations.

ElementsatRisks

The risk analysis suggests that following sectors & people are at most risk because ofearthquakehazard:

a) Built infrastructure (mostly commercial and residential areas) especially those withmodern architectural design and materials which mostly are non‐compliant toearthquakeresistantcodes

b) Public infrastructure i.e. Roads, hospitals, bridges, water supply network which arelocatedinknownorpotentiallandslidesareasespeciallyafter2005earthquake

c) Partiallydamagedhouses&publicinfrastructure(afterearthquakein2005)stillinuseforliving,officesandpublicservices

d) Communitieslivingonedgesandsteepslopesespeciallyinthenortherndistrictse) Communitiessettledinfarflungareasandthoseonhighaltitudeareathigherriskofnot

receivingimmediatereliefincaseofearthquakef) Energyandcommunicationdistributionlinks/network


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TableofMajorEarthquakesinRegion

Date Richterscale Epicenter Deaths

3rdSeptember1972 6.0 Kohistan ‐

28thDecember1974 6.0 Pattan 994

12thSeptember1981 6.0 Darel ‐

1stFebruary1991 6.6 Dir 181

22ndMay1992 5.5 Khyber 115

26thOctober1994 5.7 Chitral ‐

21stNovember2002 5.8 Gilgit 30

October2003 6.2 UpperHazara 17

14thFebruary2004 5.7 Mansehra 37

8thOctober2005 7.6 Mansehra, 46570

26thOctober2015 8.1 Feyzabad,Afghanistan 2

2.2.2 Landslides

Landslidescanbeconsideredasymptomoffragility,eithernaturalorhuman‐induced.Asmallseismic shock to a sensitive system can cause a landslide, whereas a systemwith higherbufferingcapacitymaysustainlittlereactiontoseismicshock(Hufschmidtetal.2005)

In the case of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, a highly sensitive system received a great shock,resulting in massive landslide damage. AJ&K with exception of its southern districts issusceptibletolandslideswhichoftenresultsincuttingoffareasespeciallyinextremenorthfor weeks and sometimes even for months. The landslides pose extreme risks in Haveli,HattainBala,Neelum,Muzaffarabad,Bagh,ShudhnotiandPoonchdistricts.

InnorthernpartofAJK,landslidestriggeredattheseverallocationsthatkillthepeopleanddestroytheirhousesbesidesdamaginglivelihoods.Duetofrequentrainsandlandslides,roadnetworkisusuallyhithard.Thisresultsinblockadeofmanyareas.Consequently,mobilityoftheinhabitantsbadlyhampered,transportationstoppedandessentialcommoditiesbecomeunavailable.Althoughtheriskgraduallydecreasesasmovetowardssouthbutevenduring2015amassivelandslidewastriggeredinKotlidistrict.

Almostelevenyearsafterthe2005EarthquakethattriggeredmultiplemassmovementsandlandslidesanenduringthreattothepopulationofAJKinparticularduringheavymonsoonrainsandclimatechangescenario.Thousandsof landslidesthatweretriggereddueto7.6magnitudeoftheEarthquakein2005werenotjustduetothenaturalphenomenabutlargelyinduced by human activities including road building, grazing and deforestation. Thelandslidestriggeredbyearthquakecausedfatalities,destroyedhousesandagricultureland,created artificial dams and blocked roads and communication. The worst affected area


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remainednorthernpartofAzadJammu&Kashmir.Onmanyslopesearthstratumbecamevulnerabletofeaturefailurethroughlossofcohesionandnumerouscracksthatwereinducedbystronggroundmotion.Notonlywasthisareasubjectedtohighmagnitudeearthquakeinthepastbutinfuturelongtermmajorslopefailureisforecastedbythevariousscientists.Theearthquake has destabilized numerous slopes by creating large number of tension crackswhich may lead, together with the monsoonal climatic conditions to increase landslideactivities. The earthquake generated unstable loosematerial and cracks on slopes. Thesematerialandmostofthevisiblecracksweretriggeredintolandslidesafter2006monsoonseasonsandnowposinggreatthreatnotonlytotheinfrastructurebutalsotothehumanlives.

Intheabovementionedbackdrop,slidetriggeredattheKarlivillageisoneoftheworstcaseinpoint.AhugelandslidegeneratedatKarlivillagewhichliesintheDistrictJhelumValleyatanelevationofabout7980feet.Stretchissteeptopographyhavingfragilegeologypronetobig slides and surface erosion. There are clear evidences in shape of old dormant slidesshowingtheprevioushistoryoflandslidinginthisarea.Thelandslidewasactuallytriggeredbydevastatingearthquake2005whenalmost153houseswerecompletelydestroyed.Severalsurveyreportsconfirmthathuge landslides frombothhill tops in2005havecausedhugeblockadeinregularNullahwhichstillshapedintobigLakelateronnamed‘ZilzalLake’.KarliareaadjacenttoZilzalLakewasalsoheavilydamagedanddeclareddangerousforpopulationofthearea.Theslidewasfurtheraggravatedbythesubsequentrainandsnowfallonthetopofit.InApril2011theareastarteddepletingduetosomeinternalgeologicalactivities.Thickslushstartedcomingfromdeepinsideofthecoreandbeganflowingdownstream.Theslushhas damaged 49 houses while compelling 286 families comprising 1300 individual toevacuatethearea.

Anothermassiveearthflowtypelandslideandsinkingof landmassresultedfromvaryingtriggering factorswasexperienced inDannaarea,about45kmsoutheastofcapitalcityofMuzaffarabad, in August 2015. The geological, geomorphologic, and hydro geologicalenvironmentoftheareawerefoundmajorcontributingfactorscausinglandslideactivityandaffectedthelocalinhabitantsandtheenvironmentofthearea.On22ndFeb2016,inBaffaarea,thisearthflowtypelandslidewasremobilizedatthelowerslopeandhugecracksweredevelopedintheareabesidesthetumblingofland.Thissinkingoflandandresultedearthmovementhaveuprootedmanyof forest trees, destroyed35houses, and renderedmanyothersunderpotentialrisk.

The major causes of landslide susceptibility in the region are multiple: weak geologicalstructures(limestone,siltandclays),morphological,tectonicuplift,physical(intenserainfall,earthquake),steepslopesandanthropogenic(excavationofslopetoeforroads, loadingofslopeduetowaterinfiltration,deforestation,etc.).

Anthropogenicfactorsareconsidered“preparatoryfactors”,whereasrainfallorearthquakesare“triggeringfactors”(Crozier1986).Rainfallcanactuallybeconsideredboth:itcontributestoslopeinstabilityandittriggerslandslides.

IntheKashmirEQaftermath,thedevastationcausedbythemassiveandpervasivelandslidescanbeattributed tomanyof theabovementionedfactors:populationpressure leading todeforestationandpoorroadbuildingundercuttingalreadyfragileslopes,astheconsequenceofpoorgovernanceanddevelopment.Anyeffectivestrategyformitigatingthiscomplexcauseandeffectbetweenecoandsocialsystemsmustbemulti‐disciplinarybynature.Disasters


33

create the need for immediate, short‐term reaction but effective disaster managementrequireslong‐term,systematicsolutions.

2.2.3 GlacialMovements/Avalanches

Whileanalyzingtherisksrelatedtolandslides,itwasconsideredappropriatetoincludeotherrelatedeventssuchasavalanches,boulders, rockslides,mudslides in landslideswhicharequitecommoninAJ&K.

IntheextremenorthernpartsoftheStateoccurrenceofsnowavalanchesisveryoftenwhenthesnow‐packstartstoweakenandallowsthebuildupofsnowtobereleased.Rainfallandsleetalsotendtoberesponsibleforavalanchesinthesummerandmonsoonseason.NeelumdistrictandtheLeepavalleyofDistrictHattain,byvirtueoftheir locationandtopographyexperience glacial movements and avalanches. These processes are often triggered byextremeweathervariationsinNeelumandLeepavalleysduringsummerandwinter.InFeb.2005aglacierengulfed18housesinNeelumValleywhile46peoplelosttheirlives.Justadaylater7peoplewerediedinLeepaValleyafterbeingstruckbyanavalanchepushingthedeathtollcausedbyavalanchesto52.

Nonetheless, the 2005 earthquake has further weakened glaciers and rocks formationunderneath,thusexacerbatingthethreatofglaciermovementsandavalanches.

InGrazevillageofNeelumValley,asnowavalancheon25thFeb2012hasburied5personsincludingthreewomenwhileleft15injuredduetoheavysnowfall.Inanotherincidenton30November,2012,12peopleincludingeightPakistanisoldiershavebeenkilledafterbeinghitbysnowavalancheinKeilareaofNeelumValley.


Factors that contribute to slope failure are generally complex and difficult to assesswithconfidencebutingeneralasteepsloop,highintensityofrainfalls,undercuttingofslopesbyriver erosion and human activities such as road construction, engineering interventions,deforestation,terracingandagriculturalactivitiesareprobablythemainreasonsfortheseslopefailuresandhastobereachedfortriggeringlandslides.

Thekeyvulnerabilitiesintermsofdesign,constructionandaccessareoutlinedbelow:

a) Inaccessibilityofregionduetoitsruggedterrain,disruptionofcommunicationlinksi.e.roads,bridge,telephoneandelectricityetc.

b) Unplannedroadconstruction,stoneandminesexcavationandothervibratoryfactors.c) Poor construction on the marginalized cliff especially those living on steep and high

slopeswithabsenceoflanduseplanning.d) Limitedalternativeaccessandcommunicationroutesandequipmente) Non‐availabilityof technical/skilledprofessional,equipmentandresources torespond

sucheventualities.f) Limitedresourcesforlandslideclearance


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g) Proximity toLineofControl,whichhas longbeenanactiveconflict zone thus limitingopportunitiesfordevelopingalternativecommunicationlinks

h) Inadequatestrategicwarehousing/stockpilingoffoodsandothersuppliesforpotentiallylandslideaffectedareas

i) Absenceofinteragencyemergencycoordinationmechanismandtaskforcesj) Although frequency of such events is of common occurrence, yet institutionally

installmentofpreparatorymeasuresisoflatentone.

Therisksassociatedwithsuchhazardswithinthevulnerabilitycontextoftheseareassuggestthat life, livelihoods and built infrastructure are all at risk owing the combined effects ofhazardandvulnerabilitycontextoftheregion.Thekeyrisksassociatedwithsetofhazardsareasfollowing:

a) Life,livelihoodsandpropertyriskstocommunitiessettledatsteepslopes(inpotentiallyavalanche&landslidezones)

b) Communicationnetworklikeroads,bridgeslinkingthemainroadarteriestotheremotedestinationslikeNeelum,Hattain,Haveli,Bagh,etc.

c) In‐accessibilitytocutoffcommunitiesresultingindelayedrescue,evacuation&deliveryofreliefsupplies

d) Extremeshortageoffood,medicinesandfuelincaseofinaccessibilitye) Exuberantpricingofediblesduetolimitedavailabilityindisastersituationf) Noordelayedinformationflowduetodisruptedcommunicationlinkse.g.telephonewith

noalternativecommunicationlinksg) Limited institutional capacity for landslide clearance and rebuilding emergency

communicationandcivicamenities

2.2.4 Hydro‐MeteorologicalHazards

Flash,Seasonalfloods,Cloudburst&LighteningHazards

The State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir is severely exposed to the variety of hydro‐meteorologicaldisasters.Flash, Seasonal floods,Cloudburst&Lighteningare rain inducedhazards which have been grouped together as they are inter‐linked at times in terms ofoccurrenceandimpact.

Floodsarealsobecomingamongstthemostcommonformsofnaturalhazardsintheregionasseeninlastfewyears.2010floodandflashfloodingof2012,2014,2015andpremonsoonraininduceddevastationin2016causedenormouseconomic&livelosses.Flashfloodsarethemostdamagingtypeoffloodsduetopoormitigationmeasuresastheyoftentakeplaceinremote mountainous areas. Flash floods having short lag time but difficult to forecastcomparedtoothertypesoffloods.ThepopulationintheStatehasbecomemorevulnerableduetoincreasingexposuretoflashfloodsinmountainousregionsrelatedtoclimatechangeandextremeweatherevents.Thesefloodscausedextensivedamagetohumanlives,property,agriculturallandandlivestock.

Muzaffarabad,Hattain,Neelum,Bagh,Poonch,Sudhnuti,Haveli,KotliandBhimberarehighlysusceptible to flash floods and catchments bursts. Excessive rains and steep slopes areamongstthemajorreasonsforflashfloods.Thisisfurthercompoundedbythetextureofsoil


35

and unguarded deforestation in run off/catchments. The other districts marked withrelativelyplaintopographyarelessexposedtoflashfloods.Theflashfloodsattimesturnintohilltorrentsandwreakhavocwithsettlementsandinfrastructurethatcomesintheirway.Oftenflashfloodstriggersecondaryhazardslikeland/mudslides,soilerosionandsometimesavalanches.

Source:PakistanMeteorologicalDepartmentReference:NDMAMonsoonContingencyPlan

AJ&Kexperiencesseasonalfloodsmainlyonaccountofmonsoonseasonwhichbringsmorethanhalfofannualrainfallinthreemonthsi.e.July,AugustandSeptember.AlldistrictsexceptNeelumaremoderatelysusceptibletoseasonalorriverfloods,Neelumdistrictdoesnotfallintomonsoonrange.Likeflashfloods,theseasonalfloodingagainisonaccountofexcessiverainsduringmonsoonseasonandlimiteddrainageofexcessrainwater.CloudburstsandlighteninghavebecomemorefrequentinlastfewyearsinAJ&KinalmostalldistrictswithexceptionofNeelum.Theimpacthasoftenbeenlocalizedresultinginlimitedlosses.Thoughitcannotbeprovedscientificallyhoweveranecdotalaccountssuggestextremeseasonaltemperaturevariations,globalwarmingandfastremovalofforestcover,asmaincausesinactivationofthesehazards.Itwasobservedduring2014and2015monsoonthatthecloudburstinsomespecificareasdidnotallowfordisseminatingearlywarningregardingflashfloodtothehabitantsresultedinhumanandpropertylosses.


The vulnerability context is similar to what is explained as generalized pattern ofvulnerabilitiesinAJ&K.Thecommunitiesandinfrastructurerisksassociatedwithactivationofsuchhazardsingivenvulnerabilitycontextareasfollow:

a) Life,livelihoodsandpropertyriskstocommunitiessettledatsteepslopesb) (Inpotentiallyflashfloodzones);alsocommunitiessettledinandaroundriverchannelsc) Limited access for immediate rescue and relief due to wider dispersion of settled

populationd) Lossoffertilesoilcover,landdegradationandlandlossbecauseofflooding

0

50

100

150

200

Muzaffarabad GarhiDupatta Kotli

PrecipitationData(last30Years)AzadJammu&Kashmir

M HM


36

e) Acceleratedsedimentationofwaterreservoirsresultinginreducedcapacityf) Stimulationofsecondaryhazardssuchaslandslides,avalanchesetc.furtheraccentuating

theimpactClimatic variations of the AJK were highlighted while pointing out all those critical andcontributoryfactorswhichmayenhancetheexistingpotentialthreatsoffloods/flashfloodswhichinclude:

a) Massive environmental degradation due to both natural disasters and anthropogenicactivities.

b) Landencroachmentsoverforestsareas,riversandmullah’sbanksintheurbanandsemi‐urbanareas.

c) Unplanned construction of rural roads in particular, without strictly adhering to thegeomorphologicparametersi.e.wildlycuttingofhillstoes/slopes

d) Largescaledeforestationandinsufficientreforestation/Afforestatione) Useofvulnerableandmarginallandsforinhabitationpurposesf) Absenceofcomprehensiveplanningforimplementationofclimateadaptionmeasuresin

order toavertunparalleledandprevailingenvironmentaldegradationphenomenon inAJ&K.

g) MassiveEnvironmentalDegradationh) IncreasedDeforestationPhenomenai) Encroachmentsj) BlockadeofNaturalWaterOutletsk) IllegaluseofVulnerable/MarginalLandforHabitationl) UnplannedConstructionofRoads/cuttingofhillslopesm) PoorWatershedManagementSystemn) IneffectiveenforcementofForest&EnvironmentalLawso) InadequateMitigationPlansp) Reforestation&AfforestationProjectsq) RevampingofForestLawsr) PoorimplementationofLandUse&MasterPlansinUrban&SemiUrbanareass) NoPlanforClimateChangeAdaptationMeasurest) Inadequatefloodprotectionarrangementsu) Theprotectionworksarrangementstokeepthehumansettlements,propertiesandcrops

etc.SituatingalongthethreateningNallahs, landslideareasandareasexposedtoflashfloodarequite inadequate in termsofextendingsafeguards tovulnerablepopulationsagainstthefloodhazards.

v) Inadequatefloodearlywarningarrangementsw) The scientific early warning system and alert warning issuance and communication

system isweak.Noarrangementsare inplace to forewarnvulnerable communitiesofflashfloodingandlandslidingacrossthemountainousregions.Moreover,CommunityEWmechanisms has remained largely ineffective during the 2010 floods, 2012, 2013 and2014flashfloodduetotemporarysuspensionofcellularandlandlinetelecommunicationnetworks.


37

FloodsinAJK

An important aspect witnessed was the lack of seriousness in observing the flood earlywarningsbygeneralpublic.Thepeoplehavingtendencytostaybacktotheirareastillfloodwaterscompletelybringdowntheirpropertiesandmaroonedthem.

2.2.5 WindStormsandDroughts

In AJ&K the frequency, intensity and impact ofwindstorms has significantly increased inrecenttimes.Invariably,alldistrictsofAJ&Karepronetowindstorms,however;theeventsofrecentpasthaveaffectedmostlythecommunitiesandfamilieslivinginmakeshiftshelters


38

especiallyinMuzaffarabaddistrict(especiallythoseofearthquakeaffectedareas).Thoughnoscientific explanation is available to substantiate the statement, most of theenvironmentalists’ term deforestation, extreme weather and temperature variations ascausativefactorsforwindstorms.

MoreorlesswholeofAJ&Kremainedinthegripofprolongeddroughtbetween2000to2004,whichcausedextensivedamagetorain‐fedcrops.Itaffectedtheorchardsandlivestockalso,whichaddedtotheeconomicwoesofdrought. Thedrought2000‐2004isassociatedwithregionalclimaticchangeprocesseswherebythewholeregionremainedinthegripofElninoeffect(sourcereportsofPakistanMeteorologicalDepartment).


Thepeculiarvulnerabilitiesofpeoplefromwindstormsanddroughtsareoutlinedbelow:

a) ResidentsofmakeshiftshelterswithCGSsheetsasrooftopsb) Communitiesandfamilieslivingatmountaintopsandslopesc) Droughtrelatedvulnerabilitiesarelossoflivelihoods,landandlandd) degradatione) Smalllandholders/livestockbasewithnoalternatemeansofsubsistencef) Under‐developedcrops/livestockinsurancesectorg) Lossofpotablewaterbecauseofdryingofsprings

TheriskenvironmentinrelationtothehazardandvulnerabilitycontextofAJ&Kisasunder:

a) FamiliesinmakeshiftlivingespeciallythosewithCGSsheetsasrooftopsb) Limitedearlywarningoptionsforwindstormsc) Lossoflivelihoodanddepreciationofproductiveresourcesd) LimitedsavingsandcreditoptionforsmallloansinAJ&Ke) Drought mitigation and response are long term undertakings, which do not

correspondtothemandateandresourcesofpublicandcivilsocietyorganizationsf) Mostvulnerablei.e.pooranddestituteareatgreaterriskoffallingintopovertyand

debttrapsg) Increasedmalnutritionamongstvulnerablegroups’e.g.Childrenandseniorcitizens

2.2.6 Drought

ThesoutherndistrictsofAJKaremainly aridand theagricultureactivitiesdependon theannualrainfall.Droughtisaninsidioushazardofnature,althoughithasscoresofdefinitions.Droughtoriginatesfromadeficiencyofprecipitationoveranextendedperiodoftime,usuallyaseasonormore.Thisdeficiencyresultsinwatershortagesforlimitedlivelihoodactivities.TheDistrictsofMirpur,BhimberandKotliexperienceddroughtinpast,however,duetotheextensivede‐vegetationandlowrainfall,droughtcanbeexpectedinthesedistrictsagain.


39

2.2.7 Epidemics

Epidemics, often of localized impact have been experienced in AJ&K. However, in post‐earthquake 2005 scenario, incidences of localized epidemics have registered a steadyincrease mainly for reasons such as unsafe potable water, poor sanitation and changedhousing/livingpattern.Thelocalizedepidemicepisodeshavebecomeacceleratedinrecentyearsmainlyduetounavailabilityofsafedrinkingwaterandpoorsanitationconditions.Thewiderspreadofpopulationtogetherwithweakinstitutionalarrangementforimmunizationandfieldbasedsurveillanceofdiseasetrendsarekeyvulnerabilities.

The northern region comprising ofNeelum,Muzaffarabad, Bagh andRawalakot includingSudhnotiarepronetoAcuteRespiratoryInfections(ARI)primarilyforfreezingtemperaturesformost ofwinter season.However, the southern regions experience repeated epidemicsrelated towater borne diseases like diarrhea/dysentery, enteric fever, hepatitis A&E andworm infestation.Thereareoccasional reports of scabies and rabies epidemics in certainareas.


TheparticularvulnerabilitieswithrespecttoepidemicsinAJ&Kareasunder:

a) Unavailabilityofsafedrinkingwaterb) Limitedpublicawarenessofpersonalandenvironmentalhygienec) Poorsanitationandlivingconditionsd) Limited health service outlets and coverage for reasons like widely dispersed

population.e) Unavailabilityofmedicsathealthoutlets–qualityofcareandtreatmentprovidedby

medicsf) Fatalisticattitudeg) Weaksurveillancesystemwithlimitedemergencyhealthsupporth) Inappropriateinsulation/heatinginpost‐earthquakerecommendedhousing

Withtheseparticularvulnerabilitiestheriskslinkedtoepidemicsareenumeratedbelow:

a) CommunitiesinremoteareasandalongtheLoCwithlimitedaccesstohealthservicesandsurveillance

b) Delayedemergencyhealthsupportforweaksurveillanceandinaccessibilityc) Weakhealthcommunicationnetworktoaccesscommunitiesinneedd) Limitedmobilehealthcoveragebecauseofterraine) In‐adequate emergency supplies at remote outlets tomeet any emergency health

needsf) Inadequate monitoring and weaker controls in health department to ensure staff

presenceathealthoutletsg) Inadequatestaffcapacityandresourcesavailableatoutreachhealthunitstoinitiate

responsetooutbreaks.


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2.3 RisksAssociatedwithHumanInducedHazards

Thefollowingsectionexplainsthecontextofmanmadehazards,extent,causes,historyandpattern,vulnerabilitiesandriskassociatedforcommunitieslivingacrossAJ&K.

2.3.1 CrossBorderFiring

AJ&KisanunresolvedagendaonUNSecurityCouncilsinceindependenceofsub‐continent.AJ&K holds strategic importance both to Pakistan and India for her resources, hence is asourceofcontinuedhostilitiesbetweentwoneighbors.

TheentirestretchoftheLineofControlbetweentheIndianheldKashmirandtheareasoftheAzadKashmir isapproximately740Km.Twohundredandthirty‐threevillagesofDistrictNeelum,Muzaffarabad,JhelumValley,Bagh,Haveli,Rawalakot,KotliandBhimberarelocatedon LoC. Approximately 0.403 million populations out of total estimated 4.361 millionpopulationofAJ&KisexposedtoIndianFiring.Since740‐kmcurvedlineofcontroldoesnotfollowanywell‐definedgeographicalfeatureandoftenthepopulationresidingalongtheLoCareaofAJKsuffersthegraveconsequencesofborderskirmishesandIndianfiringintermsoflifelosses,permanentinjuriesanddisabilities,propertyandlivelihoodlosses.Althoughwithcontinuing peace process between India and Pakistan, the cross border firing has almoststoppedhowever,asperreportsofAJ&KCommissionerReliefandRehabilitationOffice,1448people lost lives and over 4000 people were wounded due to continued cross borderfiring/shellingduring90’s.Theeconomicdamageswere to the tuneofbillions (PKR)androughly100,000peoplearestillbeing lookedafter inIDPcampsbecauseofdisplacement.TherecentIndianfiring/shellingin2015onLineofControlhaverevealedthevulnerabilityofpeoplelivingalongtheLoC.

Districtwisepopulationontheborderisasunder:‐

District Population

Neelum 87759

Muzaffarabad 5300

JhelumValley 85677

Bagh ‐

Haveli 14325

Rawalakot 85853

Kotli 81035

Bhimber 43217


Thepeculiardisasterrisksposedtothecommunitiesareoutlinedbelow:


41

a) LiferiskstofamiliesandcommunitiessettledonLoCb) Lossoflivelihoodsandproductiveresourcesc) Limitedmobility,communicationandevacuationopportunitiesd) Limitedstocks/suppliesofediblese) InadequateemergencyhealthsupportalongLoCf) Limitedornowarningtimeduetounprovokedfiring&shellingg) Unsafehousing/livingh) Deteriorationofsocio‐economicfabricoftheregion

2.3.2 RoadAccidents

Road accidents are regular events and interestingly came up as high priority hazard inNeelum, Jhelum Valley, Haveli, Poonch, Muzaffarabad and Bagh, as compared to otherdistricts.Theinter‐districtlinkroadsareoftenscenesoftrafficaccidentsresultinginlossofprecioushumanlife.Thekeyfactorscontributingtotrafficaccidentsarepoorroadconditions,incessant land/rock fall along key roads, poor traffic management, careless and speedydriving,absenceofsupportinfrastructurealongmainhighwaysandroadsi.e.mirrors,sidewalls,landslidesandextremeweatherandaresomeofthemajorreasons.Theroadaccidentsare mainly attributed to faulty road design and construction, extreme weather, activelandslidesandbadvehicularcondition.Itdoesalsoincludeunsafedrivingpractices.

2.3.3 Encroachments

Most of the losses (life and property) occurred as a result of unchecked massiveencroachmentsandintrusionofpopulationalongriverbanksanddifferentNallahs,partlyalongthefloodpronehillblockedandheavilyencroacheddrainagesystemsofsettlementsalso played a major role in inundation and consequent destruction. The districtadministrationsandotherAuthoritiesareobligatedtoinitiatecoercivemeasuresforclearingnaturalwater flowingchannelsandoutletsandtoputastopon illegaloccupationof landexposedtonaturalfloodsandhazards.Followingpicturesbarefacedtheprevalenttrendofencroachmentsovernaturalwaterflows.


42

s

2.3.4 ForestFire

Wildfireshavebeenidentifiedaspredominantlyurbanhazard.However,forestfirehasbeenratedaspressinghazardforregionswithhighforestcoverage.Thediscussionsrevealedthatoften theurban/wild fireoccurbecauseof short circuiting, gas leakageandstockpilingofinflammablematerialsinresidentialareas.Forestfiresthoughhappenbecauseofnegligence


43

ofbushman/nomads;communitiessettledinforestsandattimesareusedascoverupforillegalwoodcutting.

Wildfiresaremoreofriskinurbanareasespeciallyintwomunicipalitiesi.e.MuzaffarabadandMirpur; however sporadic casesofwild fires are regularly reported inother regions.ForestfiresaremorecommoninNeelum,HattainandMuzaffarabaddistrictswithoccasionalreports in other districts. Though the impact is often localized, however it came out as arelativelyimportanthazardduringconsultations.


Thepeculiarvulnerabilitiesandrisksassociatedwithwildandforestfiresareoutlinedbelow:

a) Unregulatedstockpilingofhazardous/inflammablematerialsinresidentialareasb) Insufficient monitoring & controls in residential/commercial/industrial electric

connections/wiringresultinginshort‐circuitsc) Limitedcapacityoffireextinguishing/brigadeservicesd) Inappropriate design for commercial and industrial buildings with no evacuation

routinge) Inaccessibilityofclutteredurbanhousing(especiallyinoldcityareas)byfirebrigadef) Inadequatehealthfacilitiesforfirevictimsg) Litter&temperatureextremesduringsummersforforestfiresh) Lackofpublicawarenessandtrainingashowtodealwithfirei) Un‐controlledforest/pastureregenerativepracticesbycommunitieshavinggrazing

rightsforforestsj) Weak communication system and inadequate capacity for forest fire control with

Forestdepartment

2.3.5 Old,VulnerableBuildings

Old, vulnerable buildings in AJ&K are another alarming threat. People residing in thesedangerousbuildingsandotherneighboringbuildingsareatrisk.Fallingofthesedangerousbuildingscancausemenandmateriallossesatanytime.Muzaffarabad,Bhimber,Kotli,Baghthese are most dangerous cities as old buildings are existing in these cities. In mostearthquakeslikeEQ2005inAJK,thecollapseofstructureslikehouses,schools,hospitalsandpublicbuildingsresultsinthewidespreadlossoflivesanddamage.Earthquakesalsodestroypublicinfrastructurelikeroads,damsandbridges,aswellaspublicutilitieslikepowerandwatersupplyinstallations.Pastearthquakesshowthatover95percentoftheliveslostwereduetothecollapseofbuildingsthatwerenotearthquake‐resistant.Thoughtherearebuildingcodesandotherregulationswhichmakeitmandatorythatallstructuresinearthquake‐proneareas in the region must be built in accordance with earthquake‐resistant constructiontechniques, new constructions often overlook strict compliance to such regulations andbuildingcodes.

However,afterEQ2005,almostallthedamagedpublicandprivatebuildingsarebeingandhave been constructed earthquake resistant by design and other aspects in EQ affected


44

districts.A special emphasismustbe given inotherdistrictsofAJK to ensureearthquakeresistantconstructionofnewstructures.

MostofthebuildingsarenewlyconstructedafterEQ2005inMuzaffarabad,Neelum,Bagh,Haveli, JhelumValleyandRawalakotdistrictsandareuptoapprovedEQresistantdesign.However, maximum buildings in Kotli, Bhimber, Sudhnuti and Mirpur districts are notearthquake‐resistantandarepotentiallyvulnerabletocollapseintheeventofahighintensityearthquake.

Thelackofeasyavailabilityoftheseismicsafetycodesandstandards,inparticulartheirlatestrevisions, has been frequently cited as one of themajor factors responsible for the poorimplementationofearthquake‐resistantconstructionpractices.


45

Chapter

3InstitutionalSystems

forDisasterManagementinAJ&K


46

Chapter3:InstitutionalSystemsforDisasterManagementinAJ&KThis section presents institutional systems for disaster management in AJ&K. Theinstitutionalsystems fordisastermanagementarebasedonareviewof theStateDisasterManagementAct2008anddiscussionswithrelevantstakeholders.

3.1 DisasterManagementSystembeforeEarthquake2005

In the pre‐earthquake (2005) era, CrisisManagementCell of theMinistry of Interiorwascharged with the responsibility of coordination of emergencies. The Civil DefenceOrganisationwasResponsibleforMaintainingNormalLifeActivities/itsRestorationwithoutdelay, if disturbed due to Enemy Action or Natural Calamities. The Focus of the aboveInstitutional Arrangements remained Primarily on Post Disaster Response i.e. reactiveinsteadofproactiveapproachwaspredominant.

TheReliefCommissionerateSystemintermsoftheWestPakistanNationalCalamityActof1958meantforprovidingReliefAssistance.Underthe1973RulesofBusiness,thesubjectofDisasterReliefwasassignedtotheERCoftheCabinetDivision(Pakistan).

Historicallydisastershavebeenoccurringinlocalizedareasineachdistrictandtheiraffectshavebeenlimitedmainlytothelocalcommunities.Therewasalackofgovernmentfocusandcapacitiesforriskanalysisandriskreduction.Lackofdisasterriskmanagementplansalsoremainsamajorgap.Eventhedistrictsthathavesufferedfromfrequenthazardsdon’thaveanysystematicplans.AJKlackedapplicationofbuildingcodesforconstructionofhousingandinfrastructureinhazardproneareas.Thiscouldbeattributedtolackoftrainedconstructionworkforce, lack ofmonitoring and evaluationmechanism etc. AJKwas also lacking in aneffectivesystemforemergencyresponse,e.g.EmergencyOperationsCenters,responseplans,SOPstodealwithvarioushazardsandcapacitiesinsearchandrescue,firefighting,medicalfirstresponse,evacuationetc.

3.2 DisasterManagementSystemafterEarthquake2005

AreactiveemergencyresponseapproachhasremainedthepredominantwayofdealingwithdisastersinAJK.TheheavydamagebroughtaboutbytheearthquakehasledAJKtoinitiateStateleveleffortsindevelopingastructurefordisastermanagementfocusingonprevention,mitigation and integration of responses by conducting a review of traditional disastermanagementsystemsandpoliciesonemergencyresponse.Theneedforstronginstitutionaland policy arrangements has been fulfilled with the promulgation of State DisasterManagementOrdinance,2007anditbecametheStateDisasterManagementActin2008.TheState Disaster Management Commission (SDMC) has been established under theChairmanshipofthePrimeMinisterasthehighestpolicymakingbodyinthefieldofdisastermanagement.Asanexecutivearmof theSDMC, theStateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA) has been made operational to coordinate and monitor implementation of StatePoliciesandStrategiesondisastermanagement.Accordingly,DistrictDisasterManagement


47

Authorities(DDMAs)havebeenestablishedinalltendistricts.TheDDMAsaregoingtobethelinchpinofthewholesystemandwouldplaythepivotalroleofthefirstlineofdefenseintheeventofadisaster.

StructureofDisasterManagementOrganizations

VerticalAdmin./CommunicationLink

HorizontalAdmin./Communication

StateDisasterManagementCommissionAJ&K(SDMC)

Federal/Stateministries,

departments,NDMA,

StateDisasterManagementAuthority

(SDMA)

UN INGOs Media

StateInstituteofDisaster

Management

StateEmergencyOperationCenter

(SEOC)

AJ&KEmergencyResponseForce

Districtlineagencies,Technical

Institutions

DistrictDisasterManagementAuthority

DistrictEmergencyOperationCenter

(DEOC)

TehsilDisasterManagement

Bodies

LocalAuthorityDRMSystem


48

TherolesandfunctionsofthedisastermanagementorganizationsareregulatedbytheStateDisasterManagementAct2008asfollows,

3.2.1 StateDisasterManagementCommission(SDMC)

The Act stipulates the constitution of highest policy making body for disaster riskmanagementinAJ&KbythenameofStateDisasterManagementCommission(SDMC).

TheSDMCcomprisesof:

ThePrimeMinisterofAzadJammuandKashmirwhoshallbetheChairperson,ex‐Officio

LeaderofOpposition SeniorMinisterintheCabinet MinisterforCommunication,Works,ReconstructionandRehabilitation MinisterforHealth MinisterforSocialWelfare MinisterforCivilDefense ChiefSecretary,AzadGovtoftheStateofJammu&Kashmir SeniorMember,BoardofRevenue,AzadGovtoftheStateofJammu&Kashmir InspectorGeneralPolice,AzadGovtoftheStateofJammu&Kashmir SecretaryFinance,AzadGovtoftheStateofJammuandKashmir RepresentativesofcivilsocietyoranyotherpersonappointedbythePrimeMinister DirectorGeneralStateDisasterManagementAuthority,tobeappointedundersub‐

section(3)ofsection8shallactasexofficiosecretaryofthecommission

ThepowersandfunctionsofSDMCmay:‐

Laydownpoliciesondisastermanagement ApprovetheplanforterritoryofAzadJammuandKashmir Approveplanspreparedbythedepartments,division&districts Laydownguidelinestobefollowedbythegovernment Thecommissionmayconstituteadvisorycommittee/sasrequired Thecommissionshallmeetasandwhennecessaryandatsuchtimeandplaceasthe

chairpersonofthecommissionmaythinkfit(proposedmeetingscheduleatleasttwotimeseveryyearbesidestimeswhenrequired).


49

ChairmanshipHonourablePrime

MinisterofAzadJammu&Kashmir

Approvepolicies,guidelinesandstrategies

Members Ministers Opposition Civil Society

ResourcePoolResourcepoolinformofpublicandprivate

sector

StateEmergencyOperationCentre

(SEOC)

SDMAHeadedbyDirector

General

DistrictEmergencyOperationCentre

(DEOC)

InfrastructureHealth&socialWelfareFood&AgricultureWaterandPowerSupplyEducationCivilDefence&PWDPolice&AdministrationmobilizationinalltendistrictsofAJ&K

DistrictLevelTendistrictlevelDDMAsheadbyrespectiveDC

BroughttoThrustinEmergency

StateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA)

StateDisasterManagementCommission(SDMC)


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3.2.2 StateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA)

The State Disaster Management Authority is a multi‐sectoral, multi‐disciplinaryrepresentativebodythatshallactasfocalagencyformainstreamingdisasterriskreductionintodevelopmentplanning,disasterpreparednessandshallcoordinateemergencyresponseandearlyrecovery.

TheSDMAshallbecomea focalpoint to facilitate andguideotherpublicand civil societyorganizationsindisasterresponsivedevelopmentplanningandmanagementofemergencyresponse. Additionally, it is toworkoncapacitybuildingof lineagenciesandcivilsocietyorganizations todevelopdetailedpreparednessplans and coordinate effective and timelydisasterresponse.UnderAzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct2008,SDMAhasbeengivenastatusofRelief,DisasterManagementandCivilDefenceSecretariatheadedbytheSecretary.

SDMAshallcompriseofthefollowingmembers:‐

ChiefSecretaryGoAJKasChairman Secretary/DGSDMA SecretaryElectricity SecretaryFinance SecretaryAgricultureandAnimalHusbandry SecretaryHealth SecretarySocialWelfare SecretaryLocalGovtandRuralDevelopment SecretaryLaw,Justice,ParliamentaryAffairsandHumanRights CommissionerRelief DirectorGeneralCivilDefence AdditionalSecretary(Home) DivisionalCommissioners,Muzaffarabad,Poonch,Mirpur

TheSDMAshallperformfollowingfunctions:

Act as implementing, coordinating and monitoring body for disaster riskmanagement.

Preparetheplantobeapprovedbythecommission. Implement,coordinateandmonitortheimplementationofthepolicy. Lay down guidelines for preparing disaster risk management plans by different

ministriesordepartments. Provide necessary technical assistance to governments, district management

authoritiesforpreparingtheirdisasterriskmanagementplansinaccordancewiththeguidelineslaiddownbythecommission.

Coordinateresponseintheeventofanythreateningdisastersituationordisaster. Lay down guidelines for, or give directions to the concerned ministries and

departmentsandDistrictManagementAuthoritiesregardingmeasurestobetakenbytheminresponsetoanyemergency.


51

For any specific purpose or for general assistance requisition the services of anyperson and such person shall be a co‐optedmember and exercise such power asconferreduponhimbytheauthorityinwriting.

Promotegeneraleducationandawarenessinrelationtodisasterriskmanagement. Performsuchotherfunctionsasthecommissionmayrequireittoperform.

OtherKeyRolesofSDMA

Continuouslymonitorhazards,risksandvulnerableconditionswithintheState DevelopguidelinesandstandardsforStateandlocalstakeholdersregardingtheirrole

indisasterriskmanagement, Ensurepreparationofdisasterriskmanagementplansbyalldistricts; Coordinate implementation of State disaster riskmanagement plan in accordance

withtheNationalDisasterManagementPlan, Promoteeducation,awarenessandtrainingondisasterriskreductionandresponse; Providenecessarytechnicalassistanceandadvicetolocalauthoritiesforcarryingout

theirfunctionseffectively; Coordinate emergency response in the event of a disaster, through the State

EmergencyOperationsCentre(SEOC); DevelopspecificcapabilitiestomanagethreatsthatexistintheState.

TheSDMAinAJKwillensurethecreationofaPlatformforDisasterRiskManagement.ThePlatformwill be a coordinating body that brings together technical staff of developmentpractitioners, NGOs and government departments involved in Disaster RiskManagementacross the State to meet on regular basis and exchange information, debate options anddecisionsonactivities formulated forreferral to theGovernment,donors,NGOsandotheractors.Itwillbeanopenforumofhighleveltechnicalstaffrepresentingabroadgroupingoforganizations at the State level with interest in disaster risk management and buildingresilienceofcommunitiesagainstpotentialhazards.

TheplatformwillberesponsibleforaddressingdisasterriskanddevelopmentissuesintheState, forbuildingtrustandunderstanding,aswellasmaintaininginstitutionalmemoryofthekeyStateactors.Theplatformwillmeetonceamonth,orasneedmaydictateandwillbechaired by the Secretary (or his representative) of the SDMA. The Committee will shareapproaches and guidelines on methods and approaches for the coordination of bothinformationandappropriateresponsemeasuresondisasterrisks.

Theplatformwillpromote,strengthenandsupportthemulti‐agencyapproachtodisasterriskmanagementinAJK.Specifically,theTermsofReferencewillbe:

Develop and implement mechanisms to coordinate the flow of disaster riskmanagement and information in the province, and develop procedures to ensureappropriatedisseminationandaccesstotheinformationamongthestakeholders.

Coordinate the effective management of information and reporting amongstakeholdersandwhennecessaryshiftthefocusofsuchmeetingsfrominformationsharingtoactionplanningandresponsecoordination.


52

Develop coordinated response mechanisms to be adopted by all relevantstakeholders. Such guidelines should promote mitigation and early responseactivities.

Developandmanageageographicaltargetinganddistributionsystemforfoodandnon‐foodresponsestoaffectedareasfacedwithstressconditionswiththeprimaryobjectivebeingtoavoidparallelstructuresandimproveefficiencyandimpact.

Providetechnicaladviceandguidancetoallrelevantbodiesonmattersofdisasterriskreductionandmanagementasappropriate.

3.2.3 DistrictDisasterManagementAuthority(DDMA)

The district(s) would be key administrative units for effective disaster risk managementplanning and implementation, also envisaged in the Azad Jammu & Kashmir DisasterManagementAct,2008.TheDeputyCommissionerswouldserveasthechairman‐exofficiooftheDistrictDisasterManagementAuthority.Currently,tenDDMAshavebeenestablishedandareresponsibleforthewholespectrumofDisasterManagementatdistrictlevel.

AspertheAzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct,2008,TheDistrictAuthorityshall consist of such number ofmembers, asmay be prescribed by the Government, andunlesstherulesotherwiseprovide,itshallconsistofthefollowingmembers,namely:‐

(a)DeputyCommissioneroftheDistrictwhoshallbeChairperson,exofficio;

(b)SSP/SPoftheDistrict,member,exofficio

(c)TheDistrictHealthOfficer,member,ex‐officio;

(d)TheAssistantDirectorCivilDefencemember,ex‐officio;

(e)Suchotherdistrictlevelofficers,tobeappointedbytheGovernment;

(f)MemberofLegislativeAssemblyofAzadJammuandKashmirfromtherespectiveaffectedarea.

TheDDMAshall:

Prepare a disaster risk management plan including district response plan for thedistrictbaseduponlocalriskassessment

Coordinateandmonitortheimplementationofpolicies&plans Ensure that the areas in the district vulnerable to disasters are identified and

measures for the prevention of disasters and the mitigation of its effects areundertakenbythedepartmentsofthegovernmentatthedistrictlevelaswellasbythelocalauthorities

Ensure that the guidelines for prevention, mitigation, preparedness and responsemeasures as laid down by the authority are followed by all departments of thegovernmentatthedistrictlevelandthelocalauthoritiesinthedistrict

Givedirectionstodifferentauthoritiesatthedistrictlevelandlocalauthoritiestotakesuchothermeasuresforthepreventionormitigationofdisastersasmaybenecessary


53

Lay down guidelines for preparation of disaster risk management plans by thedepartmentsoftheGovt.atthedistrictslevelandlocalauthoritiesinthedistrict

Monitor the implementation of disaster risk management plans prepared by thedepartmentsofthegovernmentatthedistrictlevel

Lay downguidelines to be followed by thedepartments of the government at thedistrictlevel

Continuouslymonitorhazards,risksandvulnerableconditionswithinthedistrict Organize and coordinate specialized training programmes for different levels of

officers,employeesandvoluntaryrescueworkersinthedistrict Facilitatecommunitytrainingandawarenessprogrammesforpreventionofdisaster

or mitigation with the support of local authorities, governmental and non‐governmentalorganizations

Setup,maintain,reviewandupgradethemechanismforearlywarnings anddisseminationofproperinformationtopublic

Prepare,reviewandupdatedistrictlevelresponseplanandguidelines Coordinatewith,andgiveguidelinesto,localauthoritiesinthedistricttoensurethat

pre‐disasterandpostdisastermanagementactivitiesinthedistrictarecarriedoutpromptlyandeffectively

Review development plans prepared by the district line departments or localauthorities with a view to make necessary provisions therein for prevention ofdisastersandmitigation

Identifybuildingsandplaceswhichcould,intheeventofdisastersituationbeusedascentresor campsandmakearrangements forwatersupplyandsanitation in suchbuildingsorplaces

Establishstockpilesofreliefandrescuematerialsorensurepreparednesstomakesuchmaterialsavailableatashortnotice

Provide information to the Authority relating to different aspects of disastersmanagement

Encouragetheinvolvementofnon‐governmentalorganizationsandvoluntarysocialwelfare institutions working at the grassroots level in the district for disastermanagement

Ensure communication systems are in order, and disaster management drills arecarriedoutperiodically

Perform such other functions as the governmentmay assign to it or as it deemsnecessaryfordisasterriskmanagementinthedistrict

3.2.4 LocalAuthorities

Communities are first responders in case a disaster strikes, with support of basicadministrativeunits likeUnionCouncilsandTehsils.Hence, it isofparamountimportancethat these administrativeunits and communitieshave requisiteknowledge and skills andhave access to adequate physical, technical and financial resources to plan and managedisastermanagementactivities.

FewdepartmentsmayhaverepresentationatUCorcommunitylevel;Institutionsatthislevelarethefrontlineofdisasterriskreductionandresponse.Formanydepartmentsthisisthe


54

lowestlevelofadministrationwheretheyinterfacedirectlywithcommunities;agriculture,education,health,police,revenueandothers.Extensionworkersofabovedepartmentscouldplay a significant role in promoting risk reduction. For example, agriculture extensionworkers could promote awareness of drought, flood or cyclone resistant crops. Healthworkerscouldraisepeople’sawarenessaboutpotentialdiseasesthatmayoccurafterafloodordroughtandhowtoprepareforthem.Educationofficialscouldworkonschooldisasterpreparedness.Similarly,TehsilAuthoritieshaveanimportantroleinorganizingemergencyresponseandrelief;e.g.damageandlossassessment,recoveryneedsassessment.Otherkeyplayers include; extension workers, police, fire services, community organizations (COs),traditional leaders and NGOs. Appropriate local structures would be established for riskreductionandpreparedness.Thiscouldbecompensatedwitheffectivecoordinationandbyencouraging community engagement in disaster riskmanagement. These tiers could playcritical role in identifying potential risk reductionmeasures, by sharing local wisdom ortraditionalpractices,bycompilingpreparednessplansandcoordinatingeffectiveresponse.Thesetierscouldprovideimmediaterescueandreliefservices,undertakedamageandneedassessmentsamongstothers.

TheAzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct2008setsfunctionalresponsibilitiesforlocalauthorities(belowdistrictlevel)whichare:

Ensurethatitsofficersandemployeesaretrainedfordisasterriskmanagement Ensurethatresourcesrelatingtodisasterriskmanagementaresomaintainedasto

be readily available for use in the event of any threatening disaster situation ordisaster

EnsurethatallconstructionprojectsunderitorwithinitsjurisdictionconformtothestandardsandspecificationslaiddownforpreventionofdisastersandmitigationbytheAuthorityandtheDistrictAuthority

Carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in the affected area inaccordancewiththedistrictplan.

The local authority may take such other measures as may be necessary for the disaster management.

AlthoughtheActhighlightstheimportanceoflocalauthoritiesbydescribingtheirfunctionalresponsibilities in Chapter V, however it is silent on the organizational structure at local(TehsilandUC)level.ThereviewofActwillbesuggestedtocleartheorganizationalsetupatlocal level and summary proposing the following arrangement shall be presented to thegovernmentforapprovalaccordingly.

The Assistant Commissioner shall be the Chairman of Tehsil Level DisasterManagementCommittee and Instructor Civil Defense and Incharge Rescue 1122 shall be importantmember of Tehsil Committee. UCs Secretary will be a Chairman of a UC level DisasterManagementCommitteeandPatwariUC,Livestock,Agriculture,HealthrepresentativesatUClevel shall be member of UC Disaster Management Committee. At village level schoolHeadmaster,ImamMasjid,LadyHealthWorkerandselectednotableswillbemembersofthiscommittee.ItwillberesponsibilityofDDMAstoconstituteandbringtheseUCsandvillagelevelcommitteesinphysicalform.RegistrationofthesecommitteesmaybepartofActandthroughDDMAsthesecommitteesmayberegisteredwithSDMAundertheAct.


55

StateDisasterManagementSteeringCommittee(SDMSC)

3.2.5 CommunityBasedOrganizations

The Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake of 1995 was the first milestone, proving theeffectivenessofcommunityparticipation.Statisticsshowthat72%ofthepeoplewereeitherself‐evacuated or were rescued from the debris by their neighbors. This indicates theimportance of community, and a community‐based disaster management committeeimmediatelyafteradisaster.Sincethecommunityparticipationandinvolvementhasbecomeauniversalprocessandthesame is acknowledged in the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) 2012‐2022,therefore promotion of disaster risk management at local and community levels will beensuredandthestrategiesinthisregard,inlinewiththeNDMP,willbedevised.In order to promote community level disaster riskmanagement activities, the capacity ofexisting community organizations will be developed and enhanced by district and Tehsilauthorities.Intheabsenceofcommunityorganizations,newgroupswouldbeestablishedto

ChairmanSDMC

DGSDMA SEOC‐SDMA

ChairmanDDMA DEOC‐DDMA

Tehsil/UCDMALocalPoliceStation

PublicExt.WorkersSecretary

LocalGovernmentSecretary

PoliceOutpost

CO/VO/LGRepCommunityVolunteers


56

work on disaster risk reduction andmanagement. CBOswill be trained about local earlywarningsystem,evacuation,firstaid,searchandrescue,firefightingetc.Linkageswouldbedeveloped between CBOs and relevant local agencies; e.g. agriculture, banks, health andveterinary services to promote disaster preparedness. Skills and knowledge of CBOleadershipwill alsobedeveloped in financialmanagement,peoplemanagement, resourcemobilization, interpersonal communication and presentation and negotiation skills. TheprovisionofCitizenCommunityBoards(CCBs)inLocalGovernmentOrdinance(LGO2001)providesagoodopportunitytoorganizecommunitiesandmobilizeresourcesforissueslikelocalleveldisasterriskmanagement.

3.2.6 StateInstituteofDisasterManagement(SIDM)

TheAzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct2008,envisagesestablishmentofStateInstitute of Disaster Management which shall primarily be responsible for planning andpromotingtraining,researchanddevelopingcorecompetenciesintheareaofdisasterriskmanagement, documentation anddevelopment of state level informationbase, relating todisastermanagementpolicies,preventionmechanismsandmitigationmeasures.

TheSIDM,aslaiddownintheActisresponsibleto:

Develop trainingmodules, undertake research and documentation in disaster riskmanagementandorganizetrainingprogrammes

Formulate and implement a comprehensive human resource development plancoveringallaspectsofdisasterriskmanagement

Provideassistanceinstatelevelpolicyformulation Providerequiredassistancetothetrainingandresearchinstitutesfordevelopment

of training and research programmes for stakeholders including governmentfunctionaries

Provide assistance to the government in the formulation of state level policies,strategies,disasterriskmanagementframeworkandanyotherassistanceasmayberequired by the governments for capacity building of stakeholders; governmentincluding its functionaries, civil society members, corporate sector and people’selectedrepresentatives

Developeducationalmaterialsfordisasterriskmanagementincludingacademicandprofessionalcourses

Promote awareness among stakeholders including college or school teachers andstudents, technical personnel and others associated with multi‐hazardmitigation,preparednessandresponsemeasures

Doall suchother lawful thingsasareconduciveor incidental toattainmentof theobjectives

Undertakeanyotherfunctionasmaybeassignedtoitbythegovernment


57

3.2.7 StateDisasterManagementFund

AsenvisagedintheAzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct,2008,government,bythenotificationofofficialgazetteshallcreateafundtomeettheimplicationsofdisasterriskmanagementactivitiesandemergencyresponseexpenditure.

TheStateDisasterManagementFundshallbefinancedfromthefollowingsources,namely:‐

(a)grantsmadebytheFederalGovernment;(b)grantsmadbythegovernment;(c)loans,aidanddonationsfromthenationalorinternationalagencies;and(d)donationreceivedfromanyothersource.

Uponissuanceoffunds,followingshallbecomepartofthefund/befinancedfrom:

(a)PrimeMinister'sDisasterReliefFund;(b) Any other Fund relatable to natural calamities established at State level as theGovernmentmaydetermine;

The State Disaster Management Authority, towardsmeeting the expenses for emergencypreparedness, response, mitigation, relief and reconstruction, shall administer the StateDisasterManagementFund.

3.2.8 EmergencyProcurementandAccounting

Where by reason of any impending disaster situation or disaster, the SDMA or DDMA issatisfiedthatimmediateprocurementofprovisionsormaterialsortheimmediateapplicationofresourcesarenecessaryforrescueorreliefitmayauthorizetheconcerneddepartmentorauthority tomake the emergency procurement and in such case, the standard procedurerequiringinvitingoftendersshallbedeemedtobewaived.

A certificate about utilization of provisions or materials by the controlling officerauthorizedbytheAuthorityorDistrictAuthority,asthecasemaybe,shallbedeemedtobeavaliddocumentorvoucherforthepurposeofaccountingofemergencyprocurementofsuchprovisionsormaterials.


58

Chapter

4Rolesand

ResponsibilitiesofKeyStakeholders


59

Chapter4‐RolesandResponsibilitiesofKeyStakeholdersTherecommendedactionsandrolesforvariousstakeholdersateachstageofdisastershavebeen compiled in this section in consultation with respective agencies. The StandardOperating Procedures (SOP) have been prepared with avowed objectives of makingconcerned departments understand their duties and responsibilities regarding disastermanagementatalllevels.Alldepartmentsandagencieswillpreparetheirownactionplansinrespectoftheirresponsibilities,undertheSOPforefficientimplementation.

4.1 GovernmentDepartments

ThefollowinggovernmentdepartmentsinAJKperformdifferentfunctionsintheirareasofmandate that contribute to development and disaster risk management in the State.Generally, government departments will do the following in relation to disaster riskmanagementandresponsebeingtheinstitutionalmembersofSDMA:

a) EstablishmentofEmergencyCentre intheirowndepartmentsforthecoordinationandintimeresponseincaseofanyemergency.

b) Provisionofcranes,dumpers,loaderstractors,roadrollers,heavytrucks,generators,searchlightsandothermachineryandcuttersandotherequipmentnecessaryatthesceneofincident.

c) Availabilityofstandbyskilled trainedandqualifiedstaffs thathave thecapacityofdealwithanytypeofdisaster.

d) Repair,maintenanceandreplacementofhanginganddamagedelectricwiresincaseofdisasterincollaborationwithpowersupplycompanies.

e) Establishmentofmobileemergencyteamsforonspotrepairofvehicle/Firetendersandotherheavymachinery.

f) Keeping sufficient stock of search lights, heavy duty bulbs, lantern, lights torches,trolleys,ropes,toe‐chain,helmetsetc.requiredinemergency.

g) Keeping standby arrangement tomeet all emergencies related to electricity breakdownandcasesofelectrocution

h) Displacementof heavymachineryout of rush area tomeet any emergency and toreducereactingtime.

i) Removalofdebris,obstacles/roadblockstoensuresmoothflowoftrafficj) Removeanyencroachmentobstructingthereliefwork.k) Restorationofnormalcyafterdisasterormajorlivelihooddisruptionintheprovince.l) Otherdepartmentspecificactivitiesinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementare:

4.1.1 RevenueDepartment

TheAJ&KBoardofRevenueisthehighestCourtofappealandrevisioninRevenuecasesintheStateofAzadJammu&Kashmir.ItisthecontrollingAuthorityinallmattersrelatedwiththecollectionoflandRevenue,Administrationoftheland,preparationandmaintenanceofrecordsandanyothermatterrelatingthereto.TheBoardofRevenueisvestedwithgeneral


60

superintendenceandcontroloverallotherrevenueofficersinthestate.ThefollowingarethemainfunctionsoftheRevenuedepartmentinconnectionwithdisastermanagement.

Preparedness

a) Micro level land use planning b) Strict implementation of land use policy and plan c) Sensitize the revenue field staff, district and divisional officers with issues and

challenges of disaster management. d) Livestock census and population census e) Policy formulation and monitoring of rehabilitation work of the calamities

affected population. f) Develop plans for relief and rehabilitation of LOC affected persons. g) Planning for safeguarding Mangla Dam. h) Developing strategies for ensuring DRR interventions in private Housing

Schemes. i) Plan for efficient utilization of AJ&K Transport Authority in case of any disaster j) Computerization of Land Records – AJKLRMIS as it will be helpful in paying

compensations in case of looses associated with land. k) Pre-positioning of stocks in the vulnerable areas. l) Effective linkage with SDMA

Response

a) Acquisition of land for accommodating the affected population /camp establishment

b) Assessment of losses and damages to the affected population. c) Settlement and re-assessment of the displaced population. d) Making the rental/lease arrangements with land lords in case of availing land for

camps. e) Rehabilitation of refugees/ Displaced population f) Policy formulation and monitoring of rehabilitation work of the calamities

affected population. g) Transfer of state land from one Department to another Department if required. h) Devising and implementing the compensation package with the support of SDMA

for the affected population.

4.1.2 DepartmentofAgriculture

DepartmentofAgricultureinAJKhasaroleinassessmentofdamagetoagriculturalcropsandimpactofpossiblefertilityloss.Theirmainroleistoprovideseedsandnecessaryplantingmaterialandotherinputstoassistinearlyrecovery.

Mitigation

a) DesignateafocalpointfordisastermanagementwithintheDepartment.b) Identifyareaslikelytobeaffectedbyanyanticipatedhazard.


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c) Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk managementactivitiesinhazardproneareas;

d) Organizedistributionofseeds,seedlingsfertilizersandagriculturalinputsforaffectedfarmingcommunity.

e) Arrangeforkeepingstocksofseeds,fertilizersandpesticidesf) Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for food and agriculture hazard‐prone

areas,particularlyinrelationtofloods,droughts,anderosion;g) Ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e., flood and

droughtproneareas)bypromotingsupplementaryincomegenerationfromoff‐farmandnon‐farmactivities;

h) Promoteeffectiveinsuranceandcreditschemestocompensateforcropdamageandlossestolivelihoodsduetonaturalhazards;

Preparedness

a) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducingvulnerabilityoffoodandagriculturetodisasterrisks;

b) Coordinatewith SMDA, and research institutions to establishwarning systems foridentificationofriskstofoodandagriculturesectors;

c) Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters withrelationtodepartment’smandateandassets;

d) Promotecontingencycropplanningtodealwithyeartoyearclimatevariationsandcrop diversification including use of hazard resistant crops, to deal with shifts inclimatepatterns;

e) Develop capacity and raise awarenessof staff of departments at State levels, localextensionworkers and farmers ondisaster preparedness for food and agriculturesectors;

Response

a) Assistinsavingcrops,agriculturallandandlivestockindisastersituation;b) Monitordamagetocropsandidentifystepsforearlyrecoveryc) Quantifythelossanddamagewithinthequickestpossibletimeandfinalizesplanning

ofagriculturerehabilitationd) Makeavailableinputslikeseedplant,fertilizersandagriculturalequipmenttovictims

ofdisastersoncreditbasis;e) Ensureadequateavailabilityoffoodstocksindisastersituation;f) Organizerationdepotsatlocationrequiredbythelocalauthorities;g) Restorationofflooddamagestoagriculturalfields,andlinkroadsduringemergencyh) Provisionofagriculturalmachinerytofarmersonsubsidizedratesforharvestingand

threshingofwheatandpaddy.i) Ensureavailabilityofadequatesupplyofseeds,seedlings,fertilizers,pesticidesand

agriculturalimplementstotheaffectedfarmers


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4.1.3 AnimalHusbandry(Livestock)Department

Thelivestockplay very important economic,social and culturalfunctionsforruralhouseholdsinAJKoncetheycontributetoimproveincomeandwellbeingofthefarmfamily.Livestock helps on food supply, family nutrition, family income, asset savings, soilproductivity, livelihoods, transport, agricultural traction, agricultural diversification andsustainableagriculturalproduction,familyandcommunityemployment,ritualpurposesandsocialstatus.

Impactsofdisastersarehighontheweakersectionsofthecommunity.ManyofthepoorarelandlessorsmallholdersinAJK.Thissectionlargelydependsonanimals,forlivelihood.Itisapparentthateventhoughanimalsarethemainsourceof livelihoodtothepoorestofthepoorintheState,disastermanagementofanimalsdonotfigureanywhereinpreparedness,mitigationor rehabilitation.There is a significantparticipation ofwomen in conventionalanimalhusbandrysystemwherealargearrayofindigenousbreedsofdomesticandsemi‐domesticanimalsliveinabsoluteharmonywithmanandnature;asituationthatcanpreventatleastsomedisasters.

Mitigation

a) Designateafocalpointfordisastermanagement.b) Undertakevulnerabilityandriskanalysisforfood,livestocksectorsinhazard‐prone

areas,particularlyinrelationtodroughtsandlocust;c) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing

vulnerabilityandriskexposuretolivestock,d) Coordinatewith SMDA, and research institutions to establishwarning systems for

identificationofriskstolivestocksector;e) Developcapacity and raiseawarenessof staffof thedepartmentatall levels, local

extensionworkersandfarmersondisasterpreparednessforlivestocksectors;f) Ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. flood and

droughtproneareas)bypromotingsupplementaryincomegenerationfromoff‐farm(e.g. animal husbandry) and non‐farm activities; provide market outlets for theproductsofruralfarmers.

Preparedness

a) Provideearlywarninginformationtolivestockfarmersregardingdrought.b) Selectandearmarkhighlandsforuseasshelterforlivestockduringflashfloods.c) Prepareschemesforsupplementaryarrangementsforrehabilitationoflivestockand

recoupingtheirloss.d) Programmeforvaccinationforprotectionoflivestockagainstcontagiousdiseases.e) Takeupschemesforprocurementofanimalfeedonemergencybasisfordistribution

intheaffectedareas.f) Establishfodderbankschemesassecurityagainstfoddershortageforlivestockdue

todisastersinordertoensurefoddersecuritytotherurallivestockeconomyg) Provideveterinaryservicestothelivestockfarmers


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h) Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk managementactivitiesinhazardproneareaswithrelationtolivestocksub‐sector;

i) Promotecontingencyplanningtodealwithyeartoyearclimatevariationsandthattriggerandexacerbatedrought

j) Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters withrelationtodepartment’smandateandassets;

Response

a) Duringfloodsassisttheresponseagenciesforoperationsrelatingtotherescueandshiftingofstrandedlivestockandpoultry.

b) Duringfloodsarrangeforthequickvaccinationandtreatmentoflivestockandpoultryatshelterplaces.(emergencyanimalvaccinesduringoutbreaksofanimaldiseases)

c) During prolonged droughts and in times of other extreme bad weather arrangeemergencyanimalfeedsforsustainabilityoflivestockpopulation.

d) DispatchVeterinaryTeamswithappropriateequipmentandmedicinestoaidaffectedlivestock.

e) Arrangearapidsurveytoassesstheloss.f) Arrangefordisposalofdeadbodiesofanimals.

4.1.4 IrrigationandSmallDamOrganization

TheDepartmentofIrrigationandsmalldamswasestablishedinyear2001.PreviouslyitwasasmallfunctionalunitofAgriculturedepartment.However,itisstillintheembryonicstagetobecomeawell‐equippeddepartment.TheIrrigationnetworkinAJKcomprisesirrigationchannels, drains, tube‐wells in southern districts, small dams and some flood protectioninfrastructureonthemainriversflowingintheState.

TheroleoftheDepartmentofirrigationandsmallDamsinAJKisverycriticalforimprovingand expanding irrigation systems to cope with drought situations and manage floodproblems.

TheDepartmentcanplayavitalroleindisastermitigationinrelationtodroughtandfloods,astheyaffectagriculturalproduction,irrigationsystemsandwatersupplyandmanagement.Someofthesemitigationactivitiesincluderehabilitationandmanagementofwatershedsandwater catchment areas and enforcement of land use patterns. Details of the irrigationchannels,agriculturalareaandmajorcropsareattachedatAnnex.

ThecorefunctionsoftheIrrigationandSmallDamsDepartmentinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementwillbe:

Mitigation

a) DesignateoneLiaisonOfficerintheDepartmentastheDisasterManagementFocalPoint

b) DevelopcapacitiesoftheIrrigationDepartmenttomitigatefloodsanddroughtsc) Promote Watershed Development Programs and Develop Schemes for

restoration/conservationofirrigationsystems


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d) Ensureefficientmanagementoffloodforecastingandwarningcentresandimproveprocedure of flood forecasts in collaboration with Pakistan Met. Department andintimationtoappropriateauthorities.

e) OperateFloodInformationCentreinthefloodseasoneveryyear.f) Collect all the information on weather forecast, water level of all principal rivers

flowingthroughtheStateg) Informallconcernedaboutdailyweathernewsandissueregularpressbulletins.h) Takestepsforstrengtheningoffloodprotectionworksandirrigationchannelsbefore

thefloodseasoni) ProvideforandexecutingplansforthemanagementofriverfloodsintheState,and

toconstructandmaintainfloodprotectionprograms/works;j) Undertakevulnerabilityandriskanalysisforfloodproneareas;k) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing

vulnerability to floodandotherrisks thatmaydisrupt livelihoods in the irrigationareas.

Preparedness

a) Since flash floods get triggered within short time‐spans, take steps to alert all incollaborationwithSEOCofSDMAthroughtelephoneandwirelessaccordingtoneeds.

b) Mountwatchonfloodprotectionworksandcanalsystems.c) Completerepairsoffloodprotectionworkintheprefloodseasond) Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with

relationtodepartment’smandateandassets;e) Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management

activitiesinfloodanddroughtproneareas;f) Constructionofmicrodamsforthestorageofflash‐waterwithaviewtomaintainand

recharge the aquifer to ensure regular availability of irrigation water throughneighboringsprings,tubewells,andopensurfacewells.

Response

a) OpentheControlRoomintheDepartment.b) Launchemergencyrepairoperationsforcriticallydamagedfloodprotectionworks,

canalsandotherirrigationnetwork.c) Take up sustained programmes for rehabilitation of flood protection works and

irrigationchannelsd) De‐siltofirrigationChannelsafterthefloodse) Providingassistanceandevacuatingtrappedpeopleduringfloods

4.1.5 Forest,WildlifeandFisheriesDepartment

ForestDepartmentshavehistoricallybeentheorganizationsresponsibleforimplementingforestryprogrammesinAJK.ForestsareanintegralpartofthelivelihoodsandecosysteminAJK.TheForestDepartmentisresponsibleforthedevelopmentandpromotionofforestand


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soilconservationactivities,watershedmanagement,wildlifeconservationandFisheries.Thedepartmenttakescareoftheprotectionoftheforest,wildlifeandtheaquaticresources.

Mitigation


b) PlantationandappropriateengineeringmeasurestomitigatethelandslidehazardattheidentifiedlandslideaffectedareasintheState.

c) To provide technical advice for rangeland planting and the development of treenurseriesforforestationandreforestationprogrammesparticularlyinlandslidearea.

d) CoordinatewiththeSDMAandotherscientificagenciestogatherinformationabouthazardsandrisksprevalentinrangelandsthatmayleadtodesertificationandlandsliding.Supplyofdroughtresistantseedsoftreespeciestofarmersandcommunities.

e) Controlgrazingofanimaltorangelandareasthathaveendangeredtreespeciesandmaytriggerlandsliding.

f) Supplyof timber, firewood, grazinggrassandotherminor forestproduce throughopenpublicsales.

g) Developrecreationalfacilitiesinasustainablemannerintherangelandareas.h) Ensureapollutionfreelivableenvironmentintheareasofmandate.i) Offerforestryeducationstoinstitutionsandschools.j) Managementoffisheriesresourcesk) ConservationoffishstockandDevelopmentoffisheriespotential

Preparedness

a) AggressiveenforcementofForest&EnvironmentalLawsb) EstablishalandslideManagementandinvestigationcellc) Todevelopadisasterriskmanagementplanin linewiththebroadmandateofthe

departmentandbuildthecapacityofdepartmentalstaffondisasterriskmanagement.d) Publish materials for communities and other stakeholders about seasonality of

hazardsandrisksinareasofgrazingforpastureandwater

Response

a) Coordinate emergency response activities through SDMA and make resourcesavailabletoSDMAuponthereceiptofdisastersituationreports.

b) ConstituteaDisasterManagementUnit.

4.1.6 HealthDepartment

TheHealthdepartment,anexecutiveunitoftheStategovernment,isresponsibletoprovidehealthservicesanddealswithallmattersrelatedtoregulatingthehealthsectorinthelightofhealthpoliciesandprograms’guidelinesjointlydevisedbymilitary&non‐militaryhealthprofessionals. The health set‐up in AJK provides technical assistance, policy cover, and


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implementationofsomepreventiveprogramsonly.Therefore,statisticsonhealthfacilitiesandhumanresourcesmaybeseenkeepingthisobservation.Themissionofthedepartmentis to provide health services to all through augmentation of sustainable health initiativesfocusingonhumanresourcedevelopmentandprivatesectorandcommunityparticipation.

DepartmentofHealthhasaresponsibilityinthereductionandpreventionofsufferingduringnaturalandman‐madedisasters,aswellasintheinvestigationandresponsetooutbreakofcommunicablediseases.

Themainfunctionsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementare:

Mitigation


b) Carryoutanddisseminatevulnerabilityandriskevaluationofthepopulationhealthrelatedissues;

c) Conduct hazard basedmapping of all health care facilities, including vulnerabilityassessment(infrastructureandorganizationalsetup)andintegratehazardresiliencemeasures;

d) Developpolicyframeworkforthedepartmentandplanonemergencypreparednessandresponsewithinthehealthsector.

e) Toensurepre‐positioningofEmergencyHealthKitsandPersonnel.f) Developadiseasesurveillancesystemtoidentifyhotspotsforcommunicabledisease

intheState;g) Establishandoperateanearlywarningsystemforhealththreatsbasedontheroutine

healthinformationandincollaborationwithotherdepartments.h) Enhancedisastermanagementcapacitiesofhealthworkforce(allcadresatalllevels)

incollaborationwithotherdepartments;i) Prepareprotocolsandguidelinestoaddressallprioritypublichealthissuesaspartof

preparedness,responseandrecoveryplans;j) Integratedisasterpreparednessandresponsecapacitiesintoallexistingandfuture

healthprogramsatStateanddistrictlevel;k) Buildeffectivelinkagesandcoordinationwithallhealthagencies/stakeholders;

Preparedness

a) Developdisasterriskmanagementplantodealwithcommunicablediseases,injuriesfollowingmasscausalityaccidents,crossborderfiringanddisasterswithrelationtodepartment’smandateandassets;

b) Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk managementactivities

c) Train volunteers on emergency preparedness programmes such as first aid andpreventivemeasureagainstdiseasesindisasterproneareasandinareasalongtheLoC.

d) Assess likely health impacts and share with Disaster Management and relevantagenciesforplanningPurpose.


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e) Prepare a list of medical and paramedical personnel in disaster prone areas anddisseminateittoconcernedadministrators.

f) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducingvulnerabilitytohealthrisks

g) Actasfocalpointformanagingallaspectofhealthcarepreparedness,responseandrecoveryinadisastersituationinclosecoordinationwiththeSDMA;

h) Prepare disaster risk management plan for each level of health care facilities,including management of mass casualties, epidemics and submit this plan to theSDMAforbettercoordinationofefforts;

i) ProvidetechnicalsupportinallhealthrelatedareastoSDMAandDDMAs.j) Device strategies for community involvement in all aspects of emergency

preparedness,responseandrecoveryplanswithregardstohealthsector;k) Standbyarrangementstomeetanymedicalneedsduringandaftertheincidentand

stockingofsufficientmedicinesinallhospitals/medicalcentres.l) Establishment of temporary team to provide vaccination and medication when

required.m) Arrangement of patients' beds and earmarking of patient wards to meet any

emergency/crisisneeds.n) Providebloodtransfusionfacilitiesandmotivatethepeopletodonateblood.

Response

o) MobilizemedicalteamsandparamedicalpersonneltogototheaffectedareasaspartoftheRapidAssessmentandQuickResponseTeams.

p) Providemedicalassistancetotheaffectedpopulationq) Receivecausalitiesandinjuredincaseofamajorincident.r) Providemobile medical services and ambulance service withmedical facilities to

affectedareas.s) Carryouttechnicalassessmentonhealthinfrastructureavailabilityandneedt) Establishemergencyhealthoperationtoensurebettercoordinationandmobilization

inemergency/disastersituationatalllevels;u) Set‐upmedicalcampsandmobilizeemergencyhealthteamsincludingmobile

4.1.7 PlanningandDevelopmentDepartment

TheroleofthePlanningDepartmentistoplanandjudiciouslydistributethemeagerfinancialresourcestoimprovesocio‐economicconditionsofthemassesoftheState.ThePlanningandDevelopmentDepartment is the planning organization at the State level that prepares anoverallFiveYearsPlanandtheAnnualDevelopmentProgramme.ItactsasacatalystbetweendifferentdepartmentsinordertoimprovethepaceandqualityofeconomicdevelopmentintheState.

ThePlanning&DevelopmentDepartmenthasanimportantroleregardingallocationoffundsonprioritybasisfordisastermitigationandrehabilitationprojects.ItneedstoensurethatdevelopmentprogrammesimplementedindisastervulnerableareasoftheStateincorporatedisastermitigationmeasures.


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Themainfunctionsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementare:

Mitigation&Preparedness

a) DesignateoneLiaisonOfficerintheDepartmentastheDisasterManagementFocalPoint.

b) Undertakevulnerability, risk and capacity analysis fordevelopmentprogramsandprojects.

c) Ensuredisasterriskreductionisincorporatedinalldevelopmentprogrammes.d) Prepare hazard and vulnerabilitymaps at the national level for different kinds of

disasters.e) Accord appropriate priority to disaster mitigation projects like embankments,

afforestation, landslides management, communications and construction of safebuildings.

f) Establishdisastermanagement fundingmechanisms toensureadequate resourcesformitigationandpreparednesswork,andquickavailabilityofresourcesforreliefandrehabilitationwhenrequired.

g) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducingvulnerabilitytodisasterrisks

h) Assist development projects and programs to incorporate DRR/M in theirimplementation.

Response

a) AssistSDMAintheevaluationofdamagesandlossesafterdisasterb) Allocate funds for the repair, reconstruction of damaged infrastructure after

consideringtheiroveralllossanddamage.c) Provide information for the announcement of earlywarning for different kinds of

disastersbasedonhazardforecastandvulnerabilitydatabase.d) Coordinatethegovernment’sviewoneconomicissuesparticularlyafterdisaster.

4.1.8 EnvironmentProtectionAgency

The Environment Protection Department of Government of AJ&K is working under thePlanning&DevelopmentDepartment.Thisdepartmentisofvitalimportanceasitsmandateisverycurtailinimplementingtheenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.Inordertomitigatecertain nature of hazards like land sliding, erosion, water bodies contaminations, theaggressive implementationofenvironment lawsareofquite indispensable,particularly inprotectingthewaterbodiesbeingpollutedfromdisposalofcitywasteandotherrefuse.EPAplays an important role in improving the plight of common man and bringing about aperceptiblechangewithinthesocietybyminimizingandeliminatingadverseenvironmentaleffectsof,wastesofallkindsandpollutiondetrimentaltopublichealth,safetyandwelfare.

Mainfunctionsanddutiesinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementare:


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Mitigation


b) Assess the environmental impact of development programmes particularly ofongoingHydro‐powerprojectsindifferentpartsofState.EnvironmentalExamination(IEE)andEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA).

c) Undertake risk analysis for environmental hazards vulnerability assessment ofnatural resources (forest, rivers, lakes, streams, protected areas) to natural andhumaninducedhazards.

d) Developdisasterriskmanagementplantodealwithhazardsanddisastersinrelationtodepartment'smandateandassets.

e) Aggressiveimplementationofenvironmentalprotectionlawsf) Ensure budgetary allocation for environment related disaster risk management

activities.g) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing

vulnerabilitytoenvironmentalhazards.h) Administerlaws,rulesandregulationsrelatingtotheenvironmentwithintheState.i) Createawarenessinpublicforenvironmentalissuesj) Incorporate Natural Disaster Risk Assessment in the Environmental Impact

Assessmentguidelines.k) Implementprogrammesforconservationandrehabilitationofnaturalresourcesin

ordertoreducerisksofnaturalhazards;e.g.reforestation,combatingdesertification,conservationofspecialnaturalresources;e.g.riversandotherwaterbodies.

Preparedness

a) Undertake the research on climate change impact and identify climate changeadaptationmeasures.

b) Create anEmergencyResponseCell in thedepartment to respond toenvironmentrelatedemergencies.

c) Responsed) Developmechanisms for assessment of environmental losses and damages in the

aftermathofdisastersandtheirrehabilitation.

4.1.9 CommunicationandWorks(C&W)Department

TheCommunication&WorksdepartmentplaysasignificantroleinthedevelopmentofAzadJammu&Kashmiras itprovidesservices indevelopingphysical infrastructure like roads,bridges and other modes of communication to support developmental activities. TheDepartmenthasan importantrole inprovidingandrestoringcommunication linksduringdisasters.

Themainfunctionsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementinclude:


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Mitigation


b) Carryoutsurveyofconditionofallroadsnetwork/systemsatStatelevel.c) Developmodel designs of various facilities and infrastructure (bridges, roads) for

saferconstructioninhazard‐proneruralandurbanareas.d) Formulateguidelinesforsafeconstructionofpublicwork.e) Prepare list, with specifications and position, of heavy construction equipment,

debris/roadclearanceMachineryintheState.f) Ensurethatbuilders,contractorsandmasonsusesaferconstructionmethodsasper

theinternationalbestpractices;g) Allocatefundsforpromotingsaferconstructionpractices;h) Monitorconstructionofroadinfrastructureinhazardproneareastoensurethatsafer

constructiontechniquesarefollowed;i) Incorporatedisasterriskassessmentintheplanningprocessforconstructionofall

roadsandbridges;

Preparedness

a) Prepare a disaster risk management plan with relation to Department programs,infrastructureandmandate.

b) Organizeperiodictrainingofengineersandotherconstructionpersonnelondisasterresistantconstructiontechnologies.

c) Instructallofficialsatconstructionsitestokeepmanpowerandmaterialspreparedforprotectionandrepairofdamagedroadsite.

d) Directconstructionauthoritiesandcompaniestoprepositionnecessary,machinery,workersandmaterials(search&rescuefacilities)inornearareaslikelytobeaffectedbydisaster.

Response

a) Organizeimmediaterehabilitationofroadsandotherinfrastructureforrestorationofpublictransportroutesafterdisaster.

b) Provideassistancetothedamageassessmentteamsforsurveyofdamagetoroadsinfrastructure.

c) Takestepstocleardebrisandassistsearchandrescueteams.d) Collate and disseminate information regarding operational and safe routes and

alternateroutes,fuelavailabilityetc.topersonneloperatinginthefield.e) Launchrepairmissionsfordamagedcriticalinfrastructureandroutes.f) Takestepsforpromptremovalofuprootedtreesontheroads.g) Assessdamagetotransportationinfrastructure.h) Takestepstoensurespeedyrepairandrestorationoftransportlinks.


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4.1.10 PhysicalPlanningandHousing/PublicHealth

Physical Planning & Housing Sector comprises Buildings, Public Health Engineering and Central Design Office and is mandated to design, prepare and implement Public Sector schemes besides deposit works. Sector is determined to implement its Vision keeping the Mid Term Development Framework (MTDF) targets in view.

The department of Physical Planning and Housing has a vital role in provision andmaintenanceofvitalpublicinfrastructure.Thedepartmentwillprepareitsowncontingencyplanforthemaintenanceofpublicinfrastructure,retrofitimportantcommonbuildingsandidentifysaferplacesforrelocation.Thedepartmentalsoplaysanimportantroleindevelopingappropriatenationalbuilding codesandbyelaws and theirproper implementation. In thepostdisasterphase,thedepartmentwilltakeadequatestepstoundertakebuildingdamageassessmentandpromotereconstruction.

Mitigation

a) DesignateoneLiaisonOfficerintheDepartmentastheDisasterPreparednessFocalPoint.

b) Takeprecautionarystepsfortheprotectionofgovernmentpropertyagainstpossiblelossanddamageduringdisaster.

c) Undertakevulnerabilityandriskassessmentofdepartment'sassets, infrastructureandservices.

d) Formulateguidelinesforsafeconstructionofpublicworks.e) Preparelist,withspecificationsandposition,ofheavyconstructionequipmentinthe

State.f) Developbuildingcodesforsaferconstructionofhouses,buildingsandinfrastructure

inhazard‐proneareasformultiplehazards;e.g.earthquakes,floods,landslidesetc.g) Developmodeldesignsofvariousfacilitiesandinfrastructureforsaferconstruction

inhazard‐proneruralandurbanareas;h) Ensurethatbuilders,contractorsandmasonsusesaferconstructionmethodsasper

theinternationalbestpractices;i) Allocate funds for promoting safer construction practices and implementation of

disasterriskmanagementactivitiesinrelationtoaccessofsafedrinkingwater;j) Monitor construction of government buildings and infrastructure in hazard prone

areastoensurethatsaferconstructiontechniquesarefollowed;k) Incorporatedisasterriskassessmentintheplanningprocessforconstructionofnew

buildings,roadsandbridges;l) Retrofitting of all government buildings which do not comply with the disaster

resilient construction techniques, including, residential and non‐residentialgovernmentbuildings,dakbungalowsandcircuithousesetc.

m) Improvementofseweragesystemandsanitaryconditionstocontrolfloodrisk.n) Maintain and update records of all water supply schemes using Management

InformationSystem(MIS).


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Preparedness

a) Prepare a disaster risk management plan with relation to Department programs,infrastructureandmandate.

b) Developguidelinesonconductofdamageandlossassessmenttoinfrastructureandhousingsectorsinthewakeofadisaster,andconductassessmentsafterdisasters.

c) CoordinatewithSDMA/DDMAsandjointlyidentifyappropriateactionsforreducingvulnerabilityofinfrastructureandservices.

d) Organizeperiodictrainingofengineersandotherconstructionpersonnelondisasterresistantconstructiontechnologies.

e) Instructallofficialsatconstructionsitestokeepmanpowerandmaterialspreparedforprotectionandrepairofpublicworks.

f) Directconstructionauthoritiesandcompaniestoprepositionnecessaryworkersandmaterials(search&rescuefacilities)inornearareaslikelytobeaffectedbydisaster.

g) Identifyandplan forrehabilitation locations forthose living indisastervulnerableareas.

h) Preparebuildingregulationsforsafeconstructioni) Make available piped water, in adequate quantity, for drinking and house‐hold

purposes.j) Preparetechnicaldesignformitigationofriskstothenewlyidentifiedschemes.k) Protectionofwatersourcesfromcontaminationbycontinuouswatertreatmentand

streampollutioncontrol

Response

a) Providesitesforrehabilitationofaffectedpopulation.b) Createaccessrouteforemergencyresponsefollowingmajordisastersc) Carryoutdetailedtechnicalassessmentofdamagetopublicworks.d) Assistinconstructionoftemporaryshelters.e) Organizerepairsofbuildingsdamagedinthedisasterf) Preparedetailedprogrammesforrehabilitationofdamagedpublicworks.g) Arrangetechnicalassistanceandsupervisionforreconstructionworksasperrequest.

4.1.11 LocalGovernment&RuralDevelopmentDepartment

LGRD is one of the main departments in the State that has the mandate to implementvulnerabilityreductionprojectstoalleviatepovertyandimprovepeople’slivelihoods.

TheLocalGovernmentandRuralDevelopment(LG&RD)hasaccesstocommunitiesatthegrassrootslevel.TheLG&RDhandlessmallscaleprojectsatthegroundlevelsuchaswatersupply,dugwells,sanitation,smallroadsandcommunityinfrastructure.

Mainfunctionsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementare:


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Mitigation


b) Encouragedisasterresistanttechnologicalpracticesinbuildingsandinfrastructure.c) Developdisasterriskmanagementplan.d) Allocate funds in the annual budget for the implementation of disaster risk

managementactivities.e) Undertakevulnerabilityandriskanalysisforruralpopulations.f) CoordinatewithSDMAtobuildcommunityresiliencetodisaster.g) Undertakevulnerabilityanalysisoflocalgovernmentinfrastructureinhazardprone

areas.h) Orientdepartmentstaffinhazardproneareasondisasterriskassessment

Preparedness

a) Encourage the people in earthquake prone areas to adopt earthquake resistanttechnologies.

b) Preparemapsshowingpopulationconcentrationanddistributionofresources.c) ReportactivitiesinperiodicmeetingsoftheDistrictDisasterManagementAuthority

CommitteeconvenedbytheDeputyCommissioner.d) Onthebasisof itsdevelopmentalresponsibility, liaisewithotherlinedepartments

andagenciesforacoordinatedmitigationapproach.e) ActivateDisasterManagementFocalPoint.f) Alertallconcernedaboutimpendingdisaster.g) Ensuresafetyofestablishments,structuresandequipmentinthefieldh) Ensure formationofcommittee for rescue, reliefand rehabilitationworkand local

volunteerteam.i) Make available piped water, in adequate quantity, for drinking and house‐hold

purposes.j) Preparetechnicaldesignformitigationofriskstothenewlyidentifiedschemes.k) Protectionofwatersourcesfromcontaminationbycontinuouswatertreatmentand

streampollutioncontrol

Response

a) EnsureinformationflowfromaffectedareaandmaintainregularcontactwithStateanddistrictEOC(24hrs).

b) CoordinatetheresponseactivitiesofDistrictDisasterManagementAuthorities.c) Ensureavailabilityofdrinkingwaterattimesofneed.d) Providenecessaryinfrastructuretocarryoutreliefworks.e) AssessinitialdamageandQuantifytheloss/damage.f) Organizereconstructionofdamagedhousesonself‐helpbasiswithlocalassetsand

materialsreceivedfromtheresponseorganizations.g) Arrangerepairoflinkroads,watersuppliesandcleaningofcanals.h) Takeuprepair/reconstructionworkofinfrastructuredamagedbydisaster.i) Equipanddevelopthecapacitiesofemergencyresponse


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4.1.12 ElectricityDepartment

Electricity Department of Azad Jammu and Kashmir was developed to promote electricity and to improve financial effectiveness of the state.

The Department is responsible for assisting the state in implementation of overall government policies related to power/electricity.

The major functions of the Department are to ensure transparency of regulatory framework, accommodate, promote and facilitate to the people of the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.Mitigation


b) Encourage disaster resistant technological practices during the installation ofelectricitynetwork.

c) Developdisasterriskmanagementplan.d) Allocate funds in the annual budget for the implementation of disaster risk

managementactivities.e) Developcontingencyplansfordifferentwaterandpowerinfrastructurese.g.Hydro‐

powerstations,Dams,transmissionsetc.

Preparedness

a) Undertakevulnerabilityandriskanalysisforelectricitysupplynetwork.b) Undertakevulnerabilityanalysiselectricitynetworkinhazardproneareas.c) Orientdepartmentstaffinhazardproneareasonhazardriskassessment.d) Maintain stocks for repair,maintenance and replacement of power infrastructure

supplyrestoration.

Response

a) Providetemporarypowersupplyattheplaceofmajorincidentordisaster.b) Disconnectandreconnectpowersupplyasappropriatetoavoidsecondaryhazards

ofelectricityfirefollowingamajordisaster.c) Attendtosnappingwireandremovebrokenorsnappedwiresimmediatelyespecially

intimesofdisastertominimizesecondaryhazards.d) Repairandreplacehanginganddamagedpowerlinesthatmaycauseotherhazards.e) Maintainpowersupply linesandaddressofpubliccomplaintspromptly incaseof

powerfailure.f) Providesafetymeasuresandinstructionsonsafeandfriendlywaysofusingelectric

power.

4.1.13 DepartmentofEducation

Educationliesatthecentreofthehumanandsocietaldevelopment.Both formalandnon‐formal education and particularly basic education and training especially for girls, are


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vehiclesforempowermentandessentialtoaddressingrootcausesofpoverty,inequalityandexclusion.Apowerfulcorrelationexistsbetweeneducationandtheattainmentofgoalsaimedatbuildingtheresilienceofcommunities.EducationhasbeenapriorityoftheGovt.of thestateofAzadJammu&Kashmirasabout30%ofitstotalrecurringbudget,besides,7%ofthetotaldevelopmentbudgetisallocatedtothissector.Asaresultofthissubstantialinvestment,AJ&K’s literacy rate is 77%* which is significantly higher than the national average ofPakistan.

The Department will conduct training programme for teachers and children on disastermanagement.TheDepartmentwillcoordinatewiththelocalauthorityandarrangeformockdrills,searchandrescuedrills.Thecommunityofstudentsandteacherscanbeeffectivelyutilisedfordisseminationofdisastermanagementawarenessandeducationtothegeneralpublic.

Thefollowingarethemainfunctionsofthedepartmentinrelationtodisasterriskreductionandmanagement:

Mitigation

a) IdentifyoneLiaisonOfficerintheDepartmentasDisasterManagementFocalPointb) InconsultationwithrelevantstakeholdersandMinistryofEducation,includedisaster

related subjects in the curricula in schools, colleges and technical educationinstitutions

c) Arrangefortrainingofteachersandstudentsaboutthestepstobetakenatdifferentstagesofdisasterandorganisethem, throughcoordinationwithSDMA/DDMAs,asvolunteersandinspirethemforrescue,evacuationandreliefworks.

d) Ensure that construction of all educational institutions in earthquake zones isearthquakeresistant

e) Implementschool,collegeanduniversitylevelactivitiestoenhancetheawarenessofstudentsandtopromotepreparednessineducationalinstitutionsthroughconductingdrills,reducingvulnerabilityetc.;

f) Identifyanddocumentvulnerableeducationalinstitutionsandinfrastructureofthedepartmentinhazard‐proneareas;

g) Implementactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofinfrastructureineducationsectorinhazard‐proneareas,e.g.retrofitting,renovation,rebuildingetc.;

h) Locatenewschools,colleges,universitiesandothereducationalbuildingslocatedinhazard‐proneareastohigherstandardsofhazardresilience;

i) Identifyandinventoryvulnerableeducationalinstitutionsandinfrastructureofthedepartmentinhazard‐proneareas.

Preparedness

a) DevelopadisasterriskmanagementplanfortheDepartmentcoveringaspectsofriskreduction,preparednessandresponseandcurriculumdevelopmentondisasterriskeducationinschoolsandlearninginstitutions;

b) Conductdrills forvariousdisastersituations likeearthquake, fire, terroristattacksetc.


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c) Encourage local educational authorities and teachers to prepare school disasterresponseplansandtheirimplementation;

d) Allocatefundsforsaferconstructionanddisasterpreparednessactivitiesatschool,college,anduniversitylevelsinhazard‐proneareas;

e) Conductorientationprogramstoraiseawarenessofeducationauthorities,professorsandteachersaboutdisasterrisksinhazard‐proneareas;

Response

a) Intheeventofadisaster,placerequirednumberofeducationinstitutionsandtheirbuildings,underthecontroloftheSDMA/DDMAsforusingasemergencyshelterandreliefcentreifnecessary.

b) Students and staff can provide local voluntary assistance for distribution of reliefmaterialandassistancetospecialneedypeopleinthelocality.

c) Provide provisional assistance on education in periods of disaster to ensure thecontinuityoflearning

d) Determinetheextentoflossineducationalinstitutionsandprepareplansfortheirrehabilitation.

4.1.14 DepartmentofCivilDefence

TheCivilDefencewill develop its capacity for disaster preparedness and response in theemergencyinclosecoordinationwiththeSDMAandDDMAs.Someofthekeyfunctionsare:

Preparedness

a) StandardizeandspecifyCivilDefenceequipmentandfireappliancesforFireBrigades,industriesandotherinstitutions;

b) Provide First Aid, fire safety and rescue training to communities, individuals andorganizations;

c) Improvecommunityawarenessonpublicsafety;d) Recruit/inductoperationalstaffforsearchandrescue;e) Enhancecapacityoftheexistingsearchandrescueteams;f) Organizevolunteers,traintheminrescueandreliefandfirstaidg) Ensuretheprovisionoftrainedrescueworkers/RazakarsandFirstAidstaff;h) Educateandtrainvolunteersonfirstaidandemergencyevacuationsandprotection

proceduresagainstpoisonousgases,chemical/biological/radiologicalexplosionsorattack;

i) Participateinemergencydrillswithotherstakeholders;j) Specify,coordinateandenforceFireProtectionmeasuresinurbanandcommercial

concernsandinotherpremisesconsideredcritical.k) OrganizeWardenServiceinclassifiedtownsandtrainitsvolunteersforcivildefence

services.l) Inspect Municipal Fire Brigade and fire protection measures in

industrial/commercial.


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Response

a) Searchandrescueactivitiesb) Firstaidandpsychosocialsupporttoinjuredandtraumatizedc) Evacuationofdamagedbuildings/structuresanddemolitiond) Emergencyfirstaidandtransport;e) Assistindebrisclearanceandrestorationofessentialservices;f) Identificationanddiffusionofunexplodedbombs;g) Provideemergencyrescueequipment.h) WorkwiththeFireBrigadeinrescueandfirstaidoperationsi) LiaisewiththearmedforcesonmattersrelatingtoCivilDefencej) Provideassistance,renderadviceandimparttraininginbombdetectionanddisposalk) Assistinreliefandcampmanagementl) Securityandmanagementofreliefstores,warehousesanddistributionm) Trainingofotherorganizationslikepoliceetc.inrescue,relief,firstaid,psychosocial

support

4.1.15 AJKEmergencyServiceRescue1122

AJKEmergencyServicesknownasRescue1122isestablishedinAJKwiththeaimtomaintainastateofpreparednesstodealwithemergenciesandprovidetimelyresponse,rescueandemergencymedicaltreatmenttothevictims.Atmomenttherescue1122emergencyserviceis established as a development scheme of Civil Defense department and operative inMuzaffarabad,JhelumValley,Rawalakot,Plandri,Kotli,BhimberandMirpurwhileworkforexpansion toothermajor cities suchasBagh,Neelum,Kahuta etc. isunderwayunder thePlanningandDevelopmentDepartment,

AJK Emergency Services Rescue 1122 Ordinance 2014 has already been passed for theestablishmentofacomprehensiveEmergencyServiceinState.

TheordinanceoutlinesfollowingfunctionsfortheEmergencyServices:

a) Tomaintainastateofpreparednesstodealwithemergencies.b) Toprovidetimelyresponse,rescueandemergencymedicaltreatmenttothevictims

ofanyemergency.c) Toestablishasystemforrapidcommunication,exchangeofinformationandquick

responsetocombatordealwithanemergency.d) Toarrangeforauniversaltollfreeemergencydial‐innumbertobeusedthroughout

State.e) Toplaya lead role and coordinate theworkingofotherorganizationsoragencies

whichhavelawfulauthoritytorespondtoanemergency.f) To arrange transport where necessary for carrying persons require emergency

medicaltreatmentfromtheemergencyareatothenearesthospitalorhealthcareunithavingarrangementsforemergencymedicalcareandtreatment.

g) To establish community emergency response teams through enlistment, training,coordinationandsupervisionofvolunteerstoassisttheServiceinsafetypromotionandmanagementofemergencies.


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h) To impart trainingandgrant certificates to rescuers, volunteers andotherprivatepersonsfordueperformanceofemergencymanagementduties.

i) To establish direct contactwith local and international organizations and traininginstitutionstomaintaintheServiceaccordingtointernationalstandards.

j) To collect, compile, maintain and analyze emergency response data and statisticsrelatingtoemergenciesandtouseitforresearchandpreventionofsuchemergencies.

k) Tosuggestmeasuresforthepreventionormitigationofhazardsendangeringpublicsafety on roads, public parks and other public placeswith regard to public safetyprovisions

l) To encourage, facilitate and train staff of non‐governmental organizations andeducationalinstitutionsforemergencymanagement.

m) Toregisterandensureminimumstandardsandcodeofconducttobe followedbyrescuevehicles,ambulancesandpatienttransportationservices.

n) ToperformsuchotherfunctionsasmaybeassignedtoitbytheEmergencyServicetoachievethepurposeofAJKEmergencyServiceOrdinance2014.

4.1.16 HomeDepartment/Police

This is one of the main departments to provide support to the disaster managementorganizationsindealingwithdisastersituation.PoliceDepartmentisoneoftheimportantDepartmentsoftheGovernmentofAJK,whichisresponsibleformaintenanceoflaw&orderandprotectionoflifeandpropertyofthecitizens.TheroleofPoliceisverycrucialintermsofpublicsafetyandsecurityindailylifeandintimesofemergenciesanddisastersituation.

FollowingaretheoverallRolesandResponsibilitiesofthePoliceDepartment:

Mitigation

a) TheInspectorGeneralPoliceshallbetheFocalPointfortheDepartment.b) Identifythe'HighRisk'and'Risk'areasfordifferentdisastersandinstructtheexisting

police installations located in those areas for keeping themselves in readiness forundertakingemergencyrescue,evacuationreliefoperations.

c) Coordinate the wireless frequency of Police with the wireless network of otherdepartments.

d) EstablishtheDisasterControlRoomatDistrictlevel.e) Maintain communications with the police installations in the areas likely to be

affectedbydisaster.f) Instruct all concerned to accord priority to disaster related wireless messages if

requiredbyappropriateofficials.g) ToeffectivelymonitorlawandorderandanycrisissituationintheStateandensure

efficient,coordinatedandtimelyresponseatappropriatelevelsh) Ensurelawandorderduringanydisastersituationintheaffectedareas.i) Aid and cooperatewith other agencies for the prevention of destruction of public

propertybyviolence,fireornaturalcalamities.


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j) Toensuresmoothandspeedyflowofinformationbycollecting,analyzing,processinganddisseminatinginformationtoallconcerned.

k) Every year before the advent of monsoon season prepare operations plan inconsultationwithSDMA/DDMAs.

l) Repairandreplacedamaged/defectiveequipmenttoensurecompletepreparedness.

Preparedness

a) Impart training to themembersofPoliceForce in firstaid,evacuation, rescueandreliefoperations.

b) Trainvolunteersfromamongcitizens,voluntaryorganizationsc) Arrangedrillsforfireextinguishing,rescue,evacuationandtransportationofinjured

personsandpreparecoordinatedActionPlansincooperationwithconcernedlocalagencies

d) Ensuresecuritymeasuresatevacuationpoints,inevacuatedareas,atreliefcentresandgodowns.

e) Protectresourcesandequipmentrequiredandbeingusedatthesceneofincidence/rescue.

f) Ensureeasyaccessforemergencyrescuevehiclestodisastersites.g) Arrange sufficient space for the deployment of emergency vehicles by managing

trafficsignals.

Response

a) OnreceiptofdirectivesfromtheSDMA/DDMAforevacuation‐organizepersonnelandequipmentforevacuationandundertakeevacuationoperations

b) Providenecessaryhelpinevacuationofcausalitiesfromtheaffectedareaandarrangetrafficcover.

c) Carryoutsearch&rescueoperations.d) Setupemergencyevacuationshelters,andtransportaffectedpeopletotheshelterse) Carryoutfirefightingoperationsf) Providereflectivelights/reflectorsaroundthesceneofincidentatnight,tofacilitate

theworkingofrescueworkers,firefightersandtoindicatethetroubledarea.g) Provideassistancetovictimsofroadaccidentsh) Preventharassmentofwomenandchildrenduringanyemergency.i) Maintainlawandorder,especiallyduringreliefdistribution.j) Protectlife,propertyandlibertyofcitizens.k) Preserveandpromotepublicpeace.l) Preventpublicnuisance.m) Keepclosewatchforanycriminalandanti‐stateactivityinthearea.n) Arrangesecurityofgovernmentpropertyandinstallationsdamagedinadisaster.o) Participateindamageandneedassessment.p) Coordinatewithotherofficesfortrafficmanagementinandarounddamagedareas.q) Assistthelocaladministrationinputtingastoptotheftandmisuseinreliefoperation.


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4.1.17 DepartmentofInformation

ThemostcriticalroleofDepartmentofInformationisbroadcasting/disseminatingwarningsto communitiesbeforeadisasteroccurs. Italsohas toplayamajor role ineducationandawarenessprogrammesforbetterorganizedpreparednessandresponseatgovernmentandcommunitylevels.

Otherfunctionsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementmayinclude:


a) IdentifyoneLiaisonOfficerintheDepartmentasDisasterInformationFocalPointb) Popularizethetechniquesofpreparednessandsurvivalduringpre‐disaster,disaster

andpostdisasterperiodthroughtelevision,radioandotherpublicitymedia.c) Ensurestrictperformanceoftheallotteddutiesbyradio,television,newsmediaand

publicationsrelateddepartments.d) Takeproperandadequatesecuritystepsfortheprotectionofowninstallationsand

properties.e) Prepareguidelines/policyfornecessaryactionbymassmediaonreportingdisasters.f) Arrangequickcollectionofweatherbulletinstoreflectthepossibilityoffloods.g) Launch information programme for quick dissemination disaster warnings to

appropriateagenciesandcommunitygroups.h) Provideinformationtocommunitiesaboutprecautionarymeasurestheycantaketo

avoidlossoflifeandpropertyfromhazards.i) Informthepublicwithtimelyandfactual informationabout theextentofdisaster,

lossescausedandthecurrentsituationofhazard.j) Advicepublicaboutmeasurestobeadoptedduringtheemergencyperiodinorderto

avoidfurtherlosses;e.g.evacuation,unsafeareas,waterpurificationtechniques.k) Informaboutactionsbeingtakenbyauthorities/aidgroupstosavelivesandproperty.l) Relaymessagesconcerningwelfareof isolatedortrappedgroupsforthebenefitof

families,relatives,friendsandrescueteams

Response

a) Disseminate warning messages to at‐risk communities in an easy to understandlanguage through multiple channels, while being sensitive to people's access andtimingissues.

b) Facilitatecommunicationamongaffectedpeopleandtheirrelatives,friends,familiesinotherpartsofthecountryorworld.

c) Highlightneedsofsurvivorstomakesurethatallgroupsofpeopleaffectedbythedisasterreceiveappropriateaid,irrespectiveoftheirsocial,ethnic,politicalstatus.

d) Highlight theneed for applicationofminimumstandards to ensure thatminimumneedsofdisastersurvivorsintermsofwater,sanitation,shelter,foodandhealtharemet.

e) Communicateaboutpotentialsecondaryriskstominimizefurtherlossordamagef) Communicate about rehabilitationandreconstructionplansofauthorities,UNand

NGOs,othersintheaffectedareas.


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g) Encourage survivors' participation in recovery through conducting surveys andcommunicatingtheopinionsofpublictoauthorities.

h) Ensurethatthenewstobebroadcastedreflectsthetrueandclearpresentationoftheactualpositionanddoesnotcreatepanicinthemindsofthepeopleandalsoadvisesthemtodesistfromtakingunreasonablesteps.

i) TakestepsforpublicityofnewsanddirectivesrelatingtothesituationissuedbytheSDMA/DDMAs.

j) Curtail normal programmes to broadcast essential information on disaster ifrequestedbytheSDMA.

k) Arrangevisittotheaffectedareabythelocalandnationaljournalistsintheinterestofpublicationofaccurateandtruereportinthenews.

l) Arrange dissemination of information of the short and long term measures ofdifferent ministries, Departments/Agencies for relief and rehabilitation of theaffectedpeople.

m) Influence for integrating risk reduction in rehabilitation and reconstructionprogrammes

4.1.18 SocialWelfare&WomenDevelopmentDepartment

The department has an important role in disaster management as women are morevulnerabletodisastersduetotheirsocio‐culturalstatus.Thedepartmentwill takespecialsteps to reduce vulnerability ofwomen in disaster prone areas. Themainmission of thedepartmentistoeliminategenderdiscriminationagainstwomen,helpwomenachieveequalstatustothatofmeninallwalksoflife.Thedepartmentwillalsoarrangeforprotectionofmanpower and organize special camps for the disabled, widows, children and othervulnerable groups. It will also provide necessary help and assistance for socio‐economicrehabilitation.

Thefunctionsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementinclude:

Mitigation&Preparedness;

a) Designateoneliaisonofficerasfocalpointandinformallconcerned.b) Sensitizationofdisastermanagersrelatedtogenderissuesindisastermanagement.c) Preparespecialprojectsforsocioeconomicupliftingofwomentowardsdisasterrisk

reduction.d) Make institutional arrangements for involvement of women in disaster risk

managemente) Organizehealthcampsforregularmedicalcheckupsofwomenandaidtotheneedy.f) Assistinprovisionofdrinkingwaterfacilitiesnearsettlements.g) Organizetrainingprogramsforwomentocopewithdisastersituations.

Response

a) InvolvetheHealthMinistryincateringtospecialhealthneedsofwomen.


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b) Ensure that needs of women survivors are addressed in post disaster situationsduringthereliefrehabilitationandreconstructionphases

c) Establishreliefcampsforwomenandensurefulfillmentofbasicneedsofwomeningeneralreliefcamps.

d) Totakestepsforsafetyofwomenandgirlsindisasteraffectedareas.e) Preparespecialprogrammesfortherehabilitationofwomen.f) Ensureseparatesanitationfacilitiesforwomeninreliefcamps.g) Introducespecialvocationaltrainingprogramsforwomen.h) Facilitate participation of women in the management of relief, rehabilitation and

reconstructionactivities.i) Support post‐disaster rehabilitation of livelihoods of women survivors, which is

mostlyintheinformalsectorandisignoredmanytimes.

4.1.19 AKMIDC

InAJ&Kmineralexplorationactivitiesstartedin1973byAKMIDC,astateownedcorporationandemphasiswaslaidonassessmentofpotentialeconomicdepositsandananalysisofvalueofthedifferentmineralsdiscoveredintheareasofaramountto137.915milliontons.

In addition to preparation and implementation of AKMIDC own contingency plans, theDepartmentwillperformthefollowingfunctions:


a) OneLiaisonOfficerintheDepartmentistobedesignatedastheDisasterManagementFocalPoint.

b) Issuedetailedinstructionstotheemployeesabouttheirdutiesandresponsibilitiesinprecautionary,disasterandpost‐disasterstagesofnormaldisaster.

c) Arrangeregulartrainingforminingemployeesinthedisasterproneareasondisasterissues.

d) Coordinate with SDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducingvulnerabilitytoaccidentsinminesandindustries.

e) PerformperiodicalinspectionofeveryminebymakingperiodicinspectionstoverifythesafetyprovisionofMines.

f) Make inquiries in case of fatal accidents and to take punitive action against thedefaultersasprovidedunderthelaw.

g) Conductminesafetytrainingtothesupervisorystaffofminesbyarrangingrefreshercourses.

Response

a) Evacuationofthemineworkersfromtheminesonthereceiptofearlywarning.b) TokeepincontactwiththeDisasterManagementAuthorities.c) Provideequipmentforsearchandrescue.d) ProvidesearchandrescuepersonnelontherequestoftheSDMA/DDMAe) Afterassessmentoftheloss/damageduetodisaster,planforrehabilitationofmines.


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4.1.20 IndustriesDepartment

The mission of the Industries Department is to promote and facilitate Industry. Thedepartment of Industries has established 6 Industrial Estates in various districts of AzadKashmir with basic infrastructure like roads, water supply, and sewerage system andtelephoneand electricity facilities. Thenumber ofmedium& large scale IndustrieswhichhavealreadybeenestablishedindifferentdistrictsofAzadKashmiris1970.

Functionsrelatedtodisasterriskmanagementinclude:



b) Ensure all possible steps for the security of manpower, implements, stock,installations/factoriesetc.

c) Ensurethatallindustrialzones/areasmusthavein‐builtsafety/firecontrolunitsinthe overall frame‐work of the construction plan to cater for not just fire but alsochemicalleakages

d) Preparelistingandlocationsofindustriesandestablishmentsforpossiblesourcingofreliefmaterialduringdisasters.

e) Ensuretrainingonpreparednessprogrammestobeadoptedatdifferentlevelsforallmanpoweremployedinfactoriesandestablishmentsindisastervulnerableareas.

f) Promotethepreparationofemergencypreparednessplansbyallindustrialunits.g) Properwastemanagementsystemshouldalsobeincludedinindustrialzonesforboth

solidandliquidwastes.h) EstablishsystemstomonitorimplementationofDRRguidelinesbyindustrialsector.i) Developsystemofincentivesanddisincentivesforindustrytopromoteapplicationof

disastersafety.j) ImplementawarenessraisingprogrammesforindustrialsectorincludingChambers

ofCommerceandIndustry(CCI)onintegratingdisasterriskmanagementinprojectplanningandimplementationstages.

k) Monitorandencourageimplementationofsafetycodesinindustry.l) Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the

Department.m) Develop guidelines for industrial sector to ensure safety of industry and its

productionprocessesinhazard‐proneareasResponse

Request industriestoprovideemergencyreliefmaterialsuchas foodproducts, temporaryshelter,medicinesandmedicalequipmentandsearch&rescueequipment.

Takestepstoplanforrehabilitationofindustriesadverselyaffectedbydisasters.


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4.1.21 SpecialCommunicationsOrganization(SCO)

SCOraisedsince1976,isprovidingstate‐of‐the‐art,modernITandTelecomfacilitiesinthemostdifficultregionofAzadJammu&Kashmir.CurrentservicesincludelandlineTelephone(PSTN),Mobile (GSM),Wireless Local Loop (WLL), Internet Broadband (DSL) andDigitalCrossConnect(DXX).VisionoftheSCOisstipulationofreliable,effective,innovativeandup‐to‐date voice and data communication services to the people living in themost rugged /arduousterrain.TheSCOcanplayanimportantroleinprovidingcommunicationlinksduringdisasters.

ThefunctionsofSCOinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementinclude;



b) IntroducemobilephonenetworkinallthedistrictsofAJKincludingremoteareas.c) Take steps to ensure power back up for communication systems during possible

emergencysituations.d) Takeproperandadequatesecuritystepsfortheprotectionofowninstallationsand

properties.e) Provide support to theDisasterManagementCommittee and ensureunsuspended

linkswithSDMA.f) Deliverearlywarninginformationtotheagenciesandcommunitiesrequiringthem.

Response

a) Ensuretooperatecommunicationsystemsroundtheclock(24hours).b) Onrequest,provideadditionalcommunicationlinesforemergencycommunication.c) Onrequest,establishcommunicationlinksintheaffectedareas.d) Provide measures for satellite and other wireless communication from the area

affectedbydisasterandareoutofcellularcoverage.e) Provide mobile communication facilities to the Rapid Assessment and Quick

ResponseTeamsintheremoteareas.f) Assessdamagetotelecommunication infrastructureand immediately takesteps to

restoreit.g) Takestepstofullyrestoreandrehabilitateanydamagedcommunication

infrastructure.(SoPsforsuchdamageassessmentsandrestorationofcommunicationnetworksarealreadyinplacebySCO)

4.1.22 PakistanArmy

The Pak Army has an important role of providing search and rescue assistance, security,logistics,andifnecessary,assistanceindistributionofreliefitemsandprovisionofequipmentforemergencyresponse.Armycanprovidetrainedpersonnelwithspecializedskillssuchas


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inroadanddebrisclearancemachinery,communicationtechnologyforplacementinisolatedareas,andcanprovidespecializedtransportationsystems.

InrelationtodisasterriskmanagementPakArmycanassisttheSDMAandDDMAbycarryingoutfollowingfunctions;

a) DesignateoneLiaisonOfficeroftheArmyCommanderastheDisasterPreparednessFocalPoint.

b) PrepareoperationalPlanforprovidingtheassistanceduringdisaster.c) EstablishtheDisasterControlRoom.d) Issuecautionaryinstructionstoallconcerned.e) Organize task forces for working of disaster control units. Each unit should be

composedof,engineers,doctorswithmedicinesandnursingassistants.f) Earmarkareservetaskforce,ifneeded.g) Movetaskforcestotheconvenientpositions,ifneeded.h) Distributeemergencyreliefmaterialtotheaffectedpeople.i) Sendtaskforcestodisasteraffectedareas.j) Conductsurveyinaffectedareasandassessrequirementsofreliefandrehabilitation.k) Assistlocaladministrationinremovingthedeadbodiesanddebrisinaffectedareas.l) Setupfieldhospitalifrequired.m) Participateinreconstructionandrehabilitationoperationifrequested.

4.2 OtherStakeholders

4.2.1 PakistanRedCrescentSociety

ThePakistanRedCrescentSocietyAJKplaysavitalroleinelevatingthesufferingofaffectedpeopleacrosstheState.Thesocietyworksasanauxiliarytothegovernmenttoamelioratethesufferingofthemostvulnerablepeopleindistresswithoutdiscrimination.TheSocietyassiststhepublicauthoritiese.g.SDMA/DDMAsincrises,emergenciesanddisastersbutdonotreplacetheirresponsibilities.ThemainactivitiesoftheSocietyarereliefworkduringandafterconflict,disasterreliefandauxiliaryhealthandwelfareservices,whichincludeawiderangeofactivities for the lessprivilegedandmarginalizedpeople inbothurbanandruralareas.TheSocietyprovidesambulanceandsearchandrescueserviceattimesofemergencies.The role of PRCS in rapidneed assessment is very instrumental in devising the responsestrategyforanysortofeventuality.Ithasaneffectiveandcontinuousprogrammeofcapacitybuilding of volunteers, CBOs, and district government officials. The capacity that enablesPRCStosupportSDMAisattachedintheannex.

4.2.2 Non‐GovernmentalOrganizations

a) Thesewillworkinclosecoordinationwiththegovernmentdepartmentsinrelationtodisasterriskmanagementasperthecorefunctions,mandateandresourcesattheirdisposal.


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b) Mobilizecommunitiesanddeveloplocal levelcapacitiesforearlywarning,disasterpreparednessandresponse.

c) Implement programmes for community vulnerability reduction; e.g. strengtheninglivelihoods,saferconstructionpractices,droughtmitigation.

d) Participateindisasterriskmanagementactivitiessuchastraining,publiceducation,damageassessment,rehabilitationandconstructionprojectsinhazardproneareas.

e) Formulate disaster risk management plans in order to share resources andinformation.

f) Link with SDMA to ensure that strategic policy and operational implementationincorporatestheirparticipation.


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Chapter

5StatePoliciesand

StrategiesforDisasterManagement


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Chapter–5:StatePoliciesandStrategiesforDisasterManagementThissectionpresentscomprehensivestatepoliciesandstrategiesfordisastermanagement.Thestatepoliciesandstrategiesarelongtermorientationstoestablishefficientandeffectivedisastermanagement systems inAJK.The actions/programmes aremeasures tobe takenoverthenextfiveyears.

5.1 Key;IssuesinDisasterManagementinAzadJammu&Kashmir

Azad Jammu&Kashmir (AJK) has a very diverse and ironic hazard and risk profilewithalmostallnaturalandhuman‐inducedhazardsembodied;thatthreatentoaffectthelivesandlivelihoodofitscitizens.Thenaturaldisastersinclude,earthquake,flood,landslides,drought,avalanches,lightningwhileforestfires,roadaccidents,crossborderfiring,oldandvulnerablebuildingsaremajorhumaninducedhazards.DisastershistoricprofileofAJKisfullofmiseriesamong those EQ, Flash floods, torrential rains and landslides are recurring phenomenon.Vulnerabilityofthemountainpeopleisafunctionofgeographiclocation,livelihoodandsocialarrangementwhichispartlydrivenbyprocessesofuncertaintyofclimateandlackofaccessto services such as information, knowledge and technology. The devastations and humanlossesin2005Earthquakefollowedbythefloodsof2010,11,13,14,15andtorrentialrainsin2016haverevealedthevulnerabilityofAJKsocietyandexposuretodisasters.Damagesandlossesweremassivebutcouldhavebeenlargelyreduced ifdisasterriskmanagement(DRM) approaches had been enacted by the Government institutions and disaster riskreduction (DRR) measures had been incorporated into physical, social and economicdevelopment.ButthecapacityoftheorganizationslikeSDMA,DDMAsandRescue1122intheStateisquitemeagertocopewiththeemergentchallengesofrepeateddisastersintheregion.

Keyissuesindisastermanagementcanbecategorizedintofollowingsixareas.

5.1.1 StrengtheningdisastermanagementadministrationatStateanddistrictlevel

TheDisasterManagementAct,2008laysdowninstitutionalandcoordinationmechanismsforeffectivedisastermanagement(DM)attheState,anddistrictlevels.AsmandatedbythisAct,theGovernmentofAJ&Kcreatedamulti‐tieredinstitutionalsystemconsistingoftheStateDisasterManagementAuthority(SDMA)headedbytheSecretary/DirectorGeneralandtheDistrict Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) by the Deputy Commissioners of therespectivedistricts.Thesebodieshavebeensetuptofacilitatetheparadigmshiftfromthehither to relief‐centric approach to amore proactive, holistic and integrated approach ofstrengtheningdisasterpreparedness,mitigationandemergencyresponse.ButthecapacityofSDMA and disaster response institutions in AJK to dealwith all the spectrum of disastermanagementcycleisquiteweakastheseinstitutionsarestillatthenascentstage


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5.1.2 Enhancedisastermanagementsysteminthestagesofpre‐,duringandpostdisasterperiods.

Emergencyresponsehasremainedapredominantactivityofdisastermanagement inAJK.ThePakistanArmyplays a significant role in disastermanagement, especially emergencyresponse and early recovery phases. Formitigation and preparedness in the pre‐disasterstage, the disaster riskmanagement concept should be placed at the project formulationperiod.Duringthepost–disasterstage,therearenoclearinstitutionalsystemsorfundingsources in disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction. Therefore, the district and stategovernmentneedtopreparedisastermanagementplanscoveringactionsandmeasurestobetakeninallstagesofpre,duringandpostdisastersituations.

5.1.3 Establishmechanismsformonitoringandassessmentofdisasterrisks

Thereisalackofknowledgeandinformationabouthazardidentification,riskassessmentandmanagement, and linkages between livelihoods and disaster preparedness. Risk andvulnerability assessments of hazards are prepared by different agencies like FFC, PMD,NDMA, SDMA and DDMAs, but they are not effectively integrated. Risk assessment andmonitoringofhazardsisessentialfordisasterriskmanagement.Amulti‐hazardapproachtodisaster risk reduction should be placed into risk assessment and a multi‐hazard earlywarningsystemtosavelives,propertyandlivelihoodsshouldbeestablished.

5.1.4 Promotemechanismfordisasterriskreductionmeasuresintodevelopment

Disaster risk management, development planning and environmental managementinterventionsoperateinisolationandintegratedplanningbetweenthesesectorsisalmostnon‐existent.TheStatedevelopmentplanshouldincludeadisasterriskreductionapproachasapartoftheState’ssustainabledevelopmentpolicies.Therearenolongterm,inclusiveandcoherentplanningsystemstoaddressdisasterissueswithalongtermstatevision.Stillthereisalackofcentralauthorityforintegratingdisastermanagementintodevelopmentplanning.

5.1.5 Promotedisasterriskmanagementatlocalandcommunitylevels

There isa lackofknowledgeandskillsofofficials in relevantagenciesandcivilsociety indisaster management. State level disaster preparedness and mitigation measures areoriented towards structural measures and undermine non‐structural measures such astraining,educationandawarenessofdisasterriskmanagement.Disasterrelateddepartmentsandorganizationsremainunderresourced,untrainedandnotgivenrequiredtrainingandeducation.Thecommunityistheheartofdisastermanagement.Enhancingknowledgeandcapacities of people regarding their livelihood protection fromdisasters are important indisastermanagement.


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5.1.6 Strengthencapacityofplayersindisastermanagement

Trainingisanintegralcomponentofcapacitybuildinganditneedstobedesignedforspecificneedsandequippedwithapracticalapproach.Strengtheningofhumanresourcesisessentialto disaster management. Participants in disaster management included governmentorganizationsatstate,district,tehsilsandUnionCouncilslevels,NGOs,CBOs,internationaldonoragencies,privatesectorenterprises,religiousorganizations,civildefense,policeandthecommunity.Sinceeachofthesehavespecificworkareas,strengthsandweaknesses.Itisimportant for them to complement each other’s efforts for achieving an efficient overalldisastermanagementsystem.Forthepurposeofcapacitybuildingindisastermanagement,the state institute of disaster management (SIDM) shall play a key role. ComprehensivedisastermanagementcoursesandpracticaltrainingshallbepreparedbySIDManditneedstodevelopsymbiotic linkageswithotherresearchinstitutionsanduniversitiestoenhanceknowledgeofdisastermanagement.

5.2 DisasterManagementPoliciesandStrategies

The following disaster management policies are identified to establish a more efficientdisastermanagementsysteminAJK.Thesepoliciesareguidelinesandcoveringallactionsraised by National Disaster Management Plan of NDMA and also in line with HyogoFrameworkforActions.

Thesepriorityareasprovidebroaddescriptionsofkeystrategiestoachievetheoverallgoalofreducingdisasterriskandvulnerability.TheStateDisasterRiskManagementPlanreferstotheNationalPlanandhasadoptedasetofthesecomponentobjectivestoenhanceitsowncapacitiesinAJ&K.Thesehavebeenfurtherdetailedintoconcreteactivitiesandworkplanstobuilddisasterriskmanagementcapacities.EachstrategicinterventionhasbeenexplainedintermsofitsfitwithinthelocalenvironmentandinturnprovidesbasisfortheDisasterRiskManagement–workplan(2016–2026).

5.2.1 INTERVENTION1:StrengtheningtheStatelevelinstitutionalandlegalsystemfordisastermanagement

Review

One of the priority areas in disaster risk management is the institutional and legalarrangements, which are intended to establish the administrative base for disastermanagement.ThedevastatingearthquakeofOctober2005broughtaboutanacuteawarenessamongAJ&Kgovernmentinstitutionsandcommunitiesofthecriticalneedfordisasterriskmanagement.Alsoanoptimisticoutcomeofthetragedywastheincreasedsensitizationabouttheadministrativebasefordisastermanagementwithinstitutionalandlegalarrangements.ThepromulgationoftheStateDisasterManagementOrdinance2007wastheturningpointof the state disastermanagement administration in AJ&K. The ordinance became a StateDisasterManagementAct in2008.TheActregulatesdisastermanagementorganizationatState and districts levels and defines the roles and responsibilities of each level ofgovernment. The State Disaster Management Authority of AJ&K was established as the


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executivearmoftheStateDisasterManagementCommission.SDMAisresponsibletocoversthe broad spectrum of DRM activities in AJ&K. It achieved the status of Relief, DisasterManagementandCivilDefenceSecretariatin2011,headedbytheSecretary.TheinstitutionalstructureofSDMAlimitedonlytodirectorateofoperationandadministrationthattoowiththeverylimitedhumanresourceof09innumbers,similarlywithloweroperationalcapacityofhavingonly03vehiclesforgeneraloperationsand05logistictrucksdonatedbyUNWFP.Thefinancialexpenses/budgetofSDMAbasedonGovernmentgrantswhichhardlyoccupyeventhestaffsalaries.ThedirectorateofDRMandClimateChangestrategicplanningunitcouldn’tbeestablishedyettoworkonDRMandClimateChangestrategicplanning.Similarly,theDDMAstructurewerenotifiedandestablishedateachdistrictlevelTheDDMAsarethelinchpinofthewholesystemandexpectedtoplaythepivotalroleofthefirstlineofdefenseintheeventofadisaster,butnodedicatedhumanresourceshavebeenallocatedyet.AlthoughtheStateDisasterManagementAct2008envisagestheestablishmentofDDMAsatdistrictlevel andStateDisasterManagement SteeringCommittee and StateDisasterManagementFund at State level, but it was not followed in its true spirit owing the similar nature ofconstraints. Similarly, theweakcoordinationamong theDisasterManagementAuthoritiesandotherStatedepartmentsresultedtheduplicationofefforts.

KeyIssues&Requirements

Thereisaneedtoestablishacomprehensiveinstitutionalstructureatalllevelsandeachlevelbodyshouldknowitsrolesandresponsibilitiesaswellasspecifictasksforallstagesofpre‐disaster,duringdisasterandpost‐disaster.Furthermore,therolesandeffortstobetakenbycivilsociety,thecommunityandindividualsshouldbeclearlyestablishedtoreducedisasterrisk.Thegovernmentshouldpromoteandsupporttheiractivities.

Requirement

KeepinginviewthefuturetrendsofdisastersversesthelowcopingcapacitiesofStateandDistrict authorities, the institutional capacity of the disaster management authoritiesespecially the SDMA’s capacities need to be strengthened on priority basis. Similarly, adedicated DRM and Climate Change strategic planning unit need to be established,responsible for coordinating the DRM related interventions, capacity building of thegovernment stakeholders and implementationof theprojects and programmes aswell asclimatechangeadaptationandmitigation.

Relevantgovernmentorganizationsindisastermanagementshouldpreparefordisasterriskreduction, emergency response and rehabilitation and reconstruction plans. Such plansshouldtakeintoaccounttheexistingcapacityofhumanresourcesandproposemeasurestoenhance the capacity of the organizations. SDMA shall provide technical guidelines andcoordinationamongdisastermanagementorganizationsbyholdingmeetingandworkshopsperiodically.

After formulationof plans for eachorganization, drills and training shouldbe carried outbasedontheplans.Theresultsofthedrillsandtrainingsshallbereflectedtoimprovementofthedisastermanagementplansinordertoensureefficientandeffectiveoperationoftheplans.Atthesametime,thecapacityoftheorganizationsandpersonnelshouldbeimproved.


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Developing partnership among the relevant departments and State/district disastermanagementauthoritiesthroughregularmeetingsandinformationsharingisofvitalneeds,therefore,constituteamulti‐sectorialSteeringCommitteeofDisasterManagementneedtobeinplace.Forthispurpose,thepoliticalwillshouldberenewingalongsidedonorssupportfor disaster risk reduction. The detail plan of action is followed below with the broaderobjective; to develop strategies against the gaps in the current DRM system andoperationalizetheinstitutionalmechanismforeffectivedisastermanagementatAJ&K.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:StrengthenthedisastermanagementAuthoritybyestablishingawell‐equippedDRRandClimateChangestrategicplanningunitatSDMA.

(Provide a platform for climate change research studies to facilitate, coordinate andcooperateinclimatechangerelevantresearchstudies,projects,programmesandadvocacyevents undertaken by Government and Non‐Government Organizations and AcademicInstitutions.)

Strategy ‐2: Formulate disaster risk management plans and strengthen the institutionalcapacityofDRMfocalpointineachdepartmentdeclaredasinstitutionalmembersofSDMAasperDRMAct2008.

Strategy‐3:Strengtheningthecoordinationforumforperiodicstakeholder’smeetings.

Strategy ‐4: Implement drills and trainings of disaster management activities in theorganizationstoimprovetheircapacities.

Strategy‐5:EstablishmentofStateDisasterManagementFund(SDMF)asenvisagedintheAJ&KDisasterManagementAct,2008.(b)EstablishDistrictEmergencyFund(DEF)ateachDDMA/DCOoffice.

Strategy ‐6: Constitute State Disaster Management Steering Committee (SDMSC) undersection03(VII)oftheAJ&KDisasterManagementAct,2008.

Actionstobeimplementedin2016–2020

Theabovestrategiesshallbeimplementedthroughthevariousactionsshowninthebelowtable.


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Strategies Activities ResponsibleOrganization

1. Establish a well‐equipped DRR andClimateChangestrategicplanningunitatSDMA.

1.1 Designate full time Directorand allied staff for DRM and CCstrategicplanningunit.

GovtofAJK/SDMA

1.2.Designate full timeDirector,Deputy Director, AssistantDirectorandalliedstaffforDRMandCCstrategicplanningunit.

GovtofAJK/SDMA

1.3. Procurement of the officeequipment/fixtures, operationalvehiclesforfielduse.

SDMA

2. Formulate disasterrisk management plansand strengthen theinstitutional capacity ofDRM focal point in eachdepartment declared asinstitutionalmembersofSDMA as per DRMAct2008

2.1 SDMA shall prepare theguidelines for plans for thedisaster managementorganizations

SDMA

2.2.RevisedandupdatingofStateDRMplan.

2.3. Prepare community basedDMPsattehsilslevel

2.4. Prepare hazard specificcontingencyplans

2.5. Develop sector disastermanagement operational plansin state ministries, departmentsandauthorities.

2.6. specific roles andresponsibilities of each leveldisaster managementorganizationarerecognized

2.7.All plans, roles andresponsibilities of disastermanagementorganizationsmustbeapprovedbySDMC

SDMA,DDMA,SDMC,TDMC

2.8.Issueofgazettenotificationto establishDRM focal points ineachministry/department.

SDMA,SDMC

3.Strengthening thecoordination forum forperiodic stakeholder’smeetings

3.1.Establish and strengthen aneffective coordinationmechanism among differentstakeholders and establishDRMforum with arrangements of

SDMA,DDMA and relevantdepartments


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periodic coordination meetingstomonitorthesituation.

4.Implement drills andtraining of disastermanagementactivitiesinthe organizations toimprovetheircapacities

4.1.EstablishmentofSIDM SDMA,SDMC

Organize capacity buildingtrainings onDRM for DDMAs oftendistricts

4.2.Implementdrillsandtrainingand feed back to disasteroperationandcontingencyplans

SDMA,DDMA

4.3. Each disaster managementorganization implements drillsandtrainingbasedonitsdisasteroperationandcontingencyplans.

SDMA,DDMA

5.EstablishmentofStateDisaster ManagementFund (SDMF) asenvisaged in the AJ&KDisaster ManagementAct, 2008. (b) EstablishDistrictEmergencyFund(DEF)ateachDDMA/DCOoffice.

5.1. Develop rules/regulationsfor the establishment of StateDisaster Management Fund(SDMF) and District EmergencyFund(DEF).

SDMA,FinanceDepttandP&DD

5.2.Preparelegalproceduresforthe utilization of the State andDistrictfunds.


5.3. Develop linkages withNational, State authorities,overseas AJ&K community, andpublic/privatesectortomobilizefunds/resources for SDMF andDEF.

SDMAFinanceDeptt

5.4.Advocate theshare for suchfundsintheannualdevelopmentplans.

SDMA,andP&DD

5.5. Motivate and buildconfidence of donor agencies toput their share in the State andDistrictfund


5.6.Developamechanismfortheallocation of funding to eachDDMAfromtheSDMF.



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5.7. Upon issuance of funds,following shall become part ofthe fund/be financed from thePrime Minister disaster relieffund, federal and State loans,donations from national andinternationalagencies.


6. Constitute StateDisaster ManagementSteering Committee(SDMSC) under section03 (VII) of the AJ&KDisaster ManagementAct,2008.

6.1. By following the AJ&KDisaster Management Act 2008,exercise all the terms andconditions mentioned for theestablishmentoftheSDMSCwithnecessaryamendments.

SDMA, linedepartmentsandheadofDDMAs

6.2. The SDMA operational unit,administrative unit & theproposed DRR and climatechange strategic planning unitwouldbetheleadoftheSDMSC.

SDMA, linedepartmentsandheadofDDMAs

5.2.2 INTERVENTION2:ConductMulti‐Hazard,VulnerabilityandRiskAssessment (MHVRA)

Review

Althoughlotofworkondisasterriskmanagementhavebeencarriedoutbyvariousagenciesafter2005earthquakeinAJKbuttheinformationonhazardrisk,specifictovulnerableareasandatvarious levels(districts, tehsils,UCsandvillage) isstill limited.Also informationtosupport planning, identifying priorities and making decisions for risk reduction is notcentrally available. Due to lack of such information, areas vulnerable to disasters are notclearly identified, which causes difficulty to establish disaster management policies anddecisionmakingofresourceallocationfordisasterriskreduction.

Inthecontextofgeographical,geomorphologicalandgeologicalsettingofAJ&K,thereisdireneed for detail MHVRA at urban and rural scale, with focus on seismic, landslide, rivermorphologyandflooding.Themicrozonationstudiesareofpivotalimportanceasmicroleveldetail risk assessment can provide a bench mark for the formulation of disaster riskmanagementplanningandsupportindevisingDRRstrategiesagainstthenaturaldisastersbefore its occurrence. In the backdrop of 2005 earthquake, under the framework ofcontinuous assistance for reconstruction and rehabilitation, a seismic micro zonationmapping has been developed for Muzaffarabad and Bagh cities 1 . Similarly, the StategovernmentwiththetechnicalsupportofNESPAKhaspreparedmulti‐hazardGISbasedmapsofdistrictMuzaffarabad.But thesepracticeswerenot replicated inotherdistrictsneither


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updated;similarly, lacking ispre‐dominantlyexist toconductacomprehensiveMHVRAatState,district,citiesandrurallevelthatcovershazardandriskatlases,conductvulnerabilitiesandcapacitiesassessmentandthedevelopmentofhazardspecificriskmapping,modelingandzonationbothatmacroandmicrolevels.

KeyIssues&Requirement

Hazard,VulnerabilityandCapacityAssessment(HVCA)needstobeundertakenatalllevels.Tofacilitatethis,thereisaneedtodevelopamechanismandsystemforcollectingavailableinformationandcontinuousmonitoringofhazardrisksandvulnerabilities

The SDMA needs to carry out hazard and risk assessment at State level resulting inpreparation of a digitize atlases at macro level for whole of the AJ&K as per NDMA’sguidelines.Itwillfurtherhelpinconductingmicrolevelmulti‐hazard,vulnerabilityandriskassessmentandprofilingofthedistricts(bothurbanandrural)inphases.TheStateofAJ&Kisexposedtogeologicalaswellashydro‐meteorologicalhazards,therefore,hazardspecificriskmapping,modelingandzonationoftheprioritizecitieswithrespecttoearthquake,landsliding, flooding and climate change will be prerequisite to use it for planning anddevelopment.

Village,UCs,tehsils,districtsandthenaconsolidatedstatelevelmapsshouldincludeanalysisonvulnerabilityofsettlements,housingstock,importantinfrastructureandenvironmentalresources. They will help in proper land use planning and will indicate location of keysettlementsinhazard‐proneareas.Theanalysiswilldescribethetypesofexistinghousingstockinhazardproneareas,andthepotentialofdamagetovarioushousingcategories.Thevulnerabilityanalysiswill identifykeyinfrastructureandenvironmentalresources ineachlocal area that are prone to damage and loss from prevalent hazards. Vulnerabilities ofvarious social groups in hazard prone areaswill also be analyzed. TheHVCAwill informdevelopmentofDamage,NeedsCapacityAssessment(DNCA)duringactualdisasters.TherewillbeseparateDNCAformatsandproceduresatvarioustiersofthegovernment.

Technicalvulnerabilityassessmentsofcriticalbuildingsandlanduseplanningshouldalsobeincluded in the MHVRA plan of action. This requirement aims to undertake technicalassessmenttomapouthazards,vulnerabilitiesandunderlyingriskacrossAJ&K,andprovidebasisforpreparednessandresponseplanning.

HazardIndicationMapsusingGIStechnologywouldbepreparedforalldistrictsandalsoaconsolidatedmapforAJ&K.ThesemapswillserveasindispensabletoolsformainstreamingDRR and would be helpful for sustainable development. A central database should bedevelopedandlocatedattheSEOC.Thedatabasewillbemadeavailabletoallstakeholdersforaccess.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:Conductdetailedmulti‐hazardvulnerabilityandriskanalysisofalltenDistricts

Strategy‐2:DevelopHazardandRiskAtlasofAzadJammu&Kashmiratmacrolevel

Strategy‐3:Conductdetailedmulti‐hazardvulnerabilityandriskanalysis/assessmentsatlocallevels.


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Strategy‐3:conductresearchesandstudiesontheimpactofclimatechangeonglaciersandicecap.

Strategy‐4:PrepareGISbasedmultihazardindicationmapsfordistrictsandstatelevel

Actionstobeimplementedin2016‐2020

Strategies Actions ResponsibleOrganizations

1. Conduct detailedmulti‐hazardvulnerability andriskanalysisofalltenDistricts

1.1. Conduct detail micro levelMulti‐Hazard, Vulnerability and RiskAssessmentforallthedistricts.

ConcernedDDMAs,SDMA,Land use planningdepartment, GeologyDepartment, AJ&KUniversity

1.2. Compile meta data andcatalogue of natural disasters for allthedistricts.


1.3. Assess element at risk perhazardtype.


1.4. Develop risk profiles withreferencetothepastdisastrouseventofallthedistricts.


1.5. UtilizeHazardandRiskAtlasoftheAJ&K(Intervention3.3.1) for thepurposeofMHVRAstudiesatdistrictlevel.


1.6. Train and build capacities ofstakeholders at district level for theapplicationofMHVRAstudies.


1.7. Developinstrumentstoenabledecision makers to take effectivedecisionsforfinalizingriskreductionpolicies, strategies, programmes andbudgeting.

SDMA


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1.8. Support/regulate/coordinatesectoral assessment e.g., health,publicworks,educationetc.

SDMA,Department

1.9 Generate hazard specific maps,indicatingthelocationofvarioushazardswith zonation of risk levels, e.g., low,moderateandsevere

SDMA

1.10VulnerabilityatlasofAJ&Kwithsetup of database at the state level,digitization of vulnerability atlas andpreparationofdatabase

SDMA, DDMAs,GSP,ERRA,NESPAK

2. Developmentof Hazard and RiskAtlasofAzadJammu&Kashmir at macrolevel

2.1. Develop hazard and riskmapping with multi‐hazardassessmentapproach.

SDMA, Land use planningdepartment, GeologyDepartment, AJ&KUniversity

2.2.Compilehistoricalrecordsandmapsofthepredominanthazards.


2.3Rankingofthedistrictsonthebasisofmultihazardandriskseverity


2.4 Consolidate the data related toelement at risk from State and districtlevels


2.5 Develop, regular update andsynchronizehazardandriskatlaseswithproper GIS and Remote Sensing basedanalysis


3. Conduct detailedmulti‐hazardvulnerability and riskanalysis/assessment atlocallevels.

3.1.DevelopHVCAtoolsandassessmentmethodologies

SDMA,DDMAs

3.2. Review existing data gatheringmethods and tools of variousdepartments to conduct disaster riskanalysis

3.3.Vulnerabilityanalysisandcreationofhazardmapswithset‐upofdatabaseforselecteddistrictsandcities

SDMA,DDMAs

3.4. Digitization of vulnerability/hazardmapsandthepreparationofdatabase

SDMA


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4. Conductresearches andstudies on impact ofclimatechange

4.1. Policy on impact of climatechangeonglaciers

SDMA,SDMC,WAPDA,

EstablishmentofGLOFEWS forselectedvulnerableareas

SDMA,WAPDA

5. Preparation of GISbasedHazardIndicationMaps

5.1ProduceGISbasedHazardIndicationMapsofdifferenthazards.

SDMA,GSP,NESPAK

5.2 Organize trainings to read,understandthemapsforproperplanningand development in future according tothemaps.

SDMA,GSP

5.2.3 INTERVENTION3:Disasterriskmanagementthroughtraining,educationand awareness

Review

ThepurposeofDRMtraining,educationandawarenessactivitiesistoenhancethecapacityof experts in relevant organizations and the general public to be able to conductdisastermanagementactivitiesinaneffectiveandefficientmanner.aftertheestablishmentofSDMAsomeDRMtrainingcourseshavebeenofferedtoSDMAandDDMAsstaff.

Training,educationandawarenesshavecomeupasanimportantstrategicpriorityespeciallyin the aftermath of earthquake 2005. Although the State DisasterManagement Act 2008envisages setting up training institute for disaster management but it was not take upseriouslytilltodateduetomanyunavoidablereasons.Furthermore,thereisnosuchcenterfor scientific research/academic institution of disastermanagement that conducts qualityresearch,developcurriculumandmaintainrecordofdisasterevents,impactsandactivities.ThemainreasonistheabsenceofhumanresourceplanandcommontrainingmodulesforawarenessandtrainingprogrammeatStatelevel.ThiscomprisesthelackoftrainedhumanresourceatalllevelsforplanningandsubsequentexecutionofDRRpoliciesandprogramsatState level. Ithasbeenobserved that thedevelopmental sectorput theirefforts toaware,educate and sensitize general public but a lot of duplication have occurred with moreconcentration on few disasters effected districts and union councils whilemany effecteddistricts and UCs are ignored or remained deprived. Similarly, the school safety andawarenessraisingcampaignalsoputonthelowpriorityinthecapacitybuildingprogrammes.


Threetypesofeffortsi.e.,“self‐helpefforts”,“mutual‐helpefforts”,and“public‐helpefforts”areneeded to reducedisaster risk.Theself‐helpeffortsareDRMmeasures tobedonebyindividuals.Themutual‐helpeffortsaremeasurestobeconductedbygroupsofpeopleorthecommunity to support each other in disaster management. The public‐help efforts aremeasures to be conducted by government agencies. The human resource development indisastermanagementhasdifferentneedsdependingondifferenttargetgroups.InAJK,itis


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essential to strengthen the capacity of emergency response. It is also necessary to buildcapacityfordisastermitigationandpreparedness.

Withregardtothecapacitybuildingandawarenessprogramme,themostimportantneedisto institutionalize disaster management education in the academia. With this approach,scientific research on disaster management and climate change adaptation need to beconductedand trainingmoduleswouldbestandardized. Itneeds tohaveaDRMresourcedevelopmentcentertokeeprecordsofdisasteroccurrence,impacts,anddifferentactivities,avoidduplicationand increaseaccesstoDRMinformationand interventions.Thecapacitybuildinginitiativesforthepolicymakers,politicians,SDMA,DDMAsstaff,linedepartments,media, civil society organization and general public through DRR/M awareness andsensitization workshops and seminars would be beneficial for the overall disastermanagementsystematalllevel.

Thefollowingagendaaimtoaware,trainandeducatedisastermanagementauthoritiesandcommunitiesforthedevelopmentandmanagementofdisasterriskmanagementactivities.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:DevelopmentofcurriculumforshortcoursesanddiplomacoursesindisastermanagementunderthegeologydepartmentatuniversityofAJ&K.

Strategy‐2:EstablishDisasterManagementResourceCentreatSDMA

Strategy‐3:DevelopmentofDRR/McurriculumandinitiationofDRMassubjectinacademicinstitutionsatvariousuniversitiesofAJ&K

Strategy‐4: Development of DRR/M curriculum at school level under school safetyprogrammes

Strategy‐5:LaunchDRRawarenesscampaignatvariouslevel

Actionstobeimplementedduring2016‐2020

Theabovestrategiesshallbeimplementedthroughvariousactionsasbelow.


1. Development ofcurriculum for shortcourses and diplomacourses in disastermanagement underthe geologydepartment atuniversityofAJ&K

1.1.Developcurriculumforshortcoursesanddiplomacourses

University of AJ&K,NIDM,SDMA,andHEC

1.2. Introduce feebaseddiplomaandshortcourses


1.3Conductscientificresearchondifferent aspects of the DisasterManagement



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1.4 Recruitment of staff andnecessary logistic arrangementsforundertakingtheactivities


2. Establish DisasterManagementResourceCentreatSDMA

2.1 Establish DisasterManagement Resource Centre(DMRC) at SDMA including ofrequirement of staff andprovisionofequipment’s

SDMA, SIDM, Relevantorganizations

2.2. Develop a DisasterManagementInformationSystem(DMIS) to document DRMinterventions and activities tobe/been conducted by theGovernment and other partnersworkingindisastermanagementfield


2.3Archivingdatabaseaboutpastdevastating disasters and itsimpact.


2.4Make legal arrangements forthe DMCs registration anddevelop database ofDMCs/CBOs/CSOs for effectivenetworking


2.5 Document lesson learns andbest practices of the DRMinitiatives


2.6 Make arrangements for theeasy access to the informationregardingDRMatall level intheform of periodicals, brochures,pamphlets,andresearchjournals


3. Development ofDRR/M curriculumand initiation of DRMassubject inacademicinstitutions at variousuniversitiesofAJ&K

3.1.ConstituteanexpertboardofacademiaandDRRprofessionalsto develop plan of action fordeveloping curriculum andoffering DRM related courses atdifferent department at variousuniversities

Concerned Universities ofAJ&K, NIDM, SDMA andHEC

3.2.Offercoursesforstudentsondisaster risk management ofdifferentcredithours



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3.3. Conduct scientific researchondisasterriskmanagementandclimatechangeforhigherstudies


4. Development ofDRR/M curriculum atschool level underschool safetyprogrammes

4.1.ConstituteanexpertboardofMinistry of Education, educationspecialistsandDRRprofessionalsto developing and initiationDRR/Mcurriculumatschoollevel

Education Department,Concerned DDMAs, andSDMA

4.2.Developmentofschoolsafetycurriculum for class middle andabove


4.3. Conduct regular drills andsimulation exercises & TOTs forteachers on school based DRMandschoolsafety


4.4.Implementphasewiseschoolsafetyprogrammeinalldistricts


5. Launch DRRawareness campaignatvariouslevel

5.1. Launch phase wise DRRcampaign at all districts andcontinue for the forthcomingphases

SDMA, DDMAs, TMAs,MassMedia, Rescue 1122,Civil Defence, I/NGOs,UCDMCs

5.2. Develop close liaison withmassmediaforpromotingpublicawareness campaign duringemergenciesandpeacetime


5.3 Conduct series ofdepartmentalseminars/workshops/meetingsto advocating DRRmainstreaming


5.2.4 INTERVENTION4:Establish/strengtheningMulti‐HazardEarlyWarningand EvacuationSystems

Review

Amulti‐hazardearlywarning information iscrucial inmakingaccurateandtimely issuingpublicwarningsandalertstomitigatedisasterimpacts.

PakistanMetrologicalDepartment(PMD)hasalreadyinstalledsomesystemforriverfloodinAJK.RadarsystemisinstalledatManglaandtelemetricinstrumentsatDomelandKohalabutthese arrangements are outdated. AJ&K is dependent on the Islamabad base station for


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receiving weather forecast information. The institutional arrangements for hazardmonitoringatAJ&Karenotuptothemarktodelivertimelyandreliableinformation.ForflashfloodandlandslidehazardsthereisnoearlywarningsysteminAJKasthesearerecurringphenomenon.Therefore,theremotemountainouscommunitiesaswellasthesettledareasarefacingtroubleinreceivingtimelyalerts.ThereasonisthelackofcapacitieswiththeStateauthoritiestoformulateacomprehensivemulti‐hazardearlywarningplanandadoptmoderntechnologiesforthetransmissionofwarningalertsfromdistricttohouseholdlevel.Overallin AJ&K hazardmonitoring institutional arrangements are eitherweak or ill‐equipped todeliver timely and reliable information. There are concerns around the communicationarrangementandmechanismsespecially to remotemountainousareas.Themulti‐hazardsearlywarningsystemexhibiteditselfasanimportantandstrategicareaofinformation.


DisasterhistoricprofileofAJKisfullofhugedamageslikeEQ2005, flood2010,2012and2014. The effects of such damages cause a vicious cycle in AJK, the disaster cause hugeeconomiclossthatbecomesasetbackintheefforttoeradicatepoverty,andthelivesofthepeoplebecomeworse.

Amulti–hazardearlywarningsystemisanimportanttooltobreakoutoftheviciouscycleand it has become amajor consideration in AJK. Until now however, technical efforts todevelopamulti‐hazardEWShavenotbeensuccessfulbecauseofinsufficiencyofcooperationofrelevantagencies.ItisalsonecessarytoenhanceandstrengthenthetechnicalcapacityofEWS,particularlyinweatherforecastingsystemsformitigationofhazardrisks.Furthermore,communitiesarenotawareofEWSandlackknowledgeofdisasterpreventionmeasuresasawhole.

Therapidlyevolvinghazardmonitoringwithaddedreliabilitycombinedwithcheapermodesofcommunicationhasmadeitevenmoreaccessible.TheavailabilityofmobiletechnologyinAJ&Kshouldbeseenasmajordevelopmentthatcouldhelpforeffectivedisseminationofearlywarning information. Also there are other technological tools which are becomingincreasinglyimportantinthebackdropofincreasedfrequencyandimpactofdisasters.Localmedia’srolewillbereviewed,enhancedandutilizedtoimprovedisseminationofwarnings.Community Based EWS should be established and linking communities with warningagencieswould be an essential component. Initiativeswill be taken to build capacities ofcommunities inearlywarningbyconnectingthemandbyprovidingnecessaryequipment.AssistancefromtechnicalagenciessuchasthePMD,FFC,WAPDA,GSP,etc.willbesoughttoassisttheSDMA.MajorstakeholdersinrelationtoamultihazardEWSare:‐

NDMA,FFC,PMD,WAPDA,GSP,ERRA,PakArmy

SDMA,Irrigationdepartment,CivilDefense,Rescue1122(FireBrigade)

DDMA,Revenue,Police,C&W,CivilDefense

Others,NGOs,INGOs,Mosques,Schools,Mediaetc.

TheSDMAneedstobuildapartnershipwiththesefederalandStateauthoritiesandprivatesectorfortheestablishmentofmulti‐hazardearlywarningsystemwithdoableplanning.For


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productiveresults,anupgradedmulti‐hazardearlywarningsystemshouldbeinplaceatStatelevel to ensure accuracy in the early warning information generation. The followinginterventions formulated with the broader objective to enhance the capacity of Stateauthorities to collect,monitor and analyze prevailing hazards information and effectivelydisseminateendtoendmultihazardearlywarninginformation.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:Strengthenweatherforecastingandearlywarningsystems

Strategy‐2:Preparehazardmapsatlocalscaleintargetedlocations

Strategy‐3:Strengthenearlywarningdisseminationsystems

Strategy‐4:Developcapacityofearlywarningandevacuationsystems

Strategy‐5:Establishcommunitybasedearlywarningsysteminalldistricts


Theabovestrategiesshallbeimplementedthroughthevariousactionsasbelow:‐


1.Strengthen weatherforecastingandearlywarningsystems

1.1.Establishmentoffewnewscientificinstruments at different appropriateplaces

PMD

1.2.Strengthening multi hazard anddisease early warning system in tendistricts

SDMA, Ministry ofHealth,DDMAs

1.3.Establishment of river floodforecastandwarningsystemwithrealtime rainfall and water levelobservation linked with NDMA andPMD

SDMA, PMD,NDMA,WAPDA

1.4. Establishment of flash floodforecasting and warning systemincluding local flash flood forecastingcenters.

PMD in consultationwithSDMA,DDMAs

1.5.Establishment of new tide levelmonitoring network including datacommunicationsystem

PMD

1.6.Establishment of GLOF and snowmelt flash flood forecast and warningsystem

PMD/WAPDA


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1.7.Establishment of seismic intensityreporting system including datacommunicationsystem

PMD

1.8.Expansion of automatic weatherobservationsystem

PMD in consultationwithSDMA

2.Prepare Hazard Maps atlocal scale in targetedlocations

2.1.Finalization of hazard map andcapacity development against localflashflood

PMD,FFC,SDMA

2.2.Preparation of landslide hazardmaps based on the topographical andgeologicalanalysis

PMD,GSP,SDMA,FFC

3.Strengthening earlywarning disseminationsystem

3.1.establish inter coordinated systemamongSDMA,DDMAs,NDMA,PMD

SDMA, DDMAs,NDMA,PMD,NGOs

3.2.Disease early warning transfer atcommunitylevelintendistricts

SDMA,DDMAs,Ministryofhealth

4.Develop capacity of earlywarning and evacuationsystems

4.1.Enhancementof research activitiesforsnow/glacier/glacierlakesinAJK

SDMA,PMD,WAPDA

4.2.Enhancement of communityenlightmentforEWS

SDMA,SIDM,DDMAsNGOs

5.Establishcommunitybasedearly warning system in alldistricts

5.1 Provide means ofcommunication/equipment tocommunity disaster managementcommitteesinalldistricts

Concerned DDMAs,UCDMCs, LGRD andI/NGOs

5.2 Establish SMS alert system,authorized by DDMAs, and installwirelesssystemandfloodgaugesinalldistricts


5.3 Establish SMS alert system,authorized by DDMAs, and installwirelesssystemandfloodgaugesinalldistricts

Concerned DDMAs,PTA, Cellularcompanies, UCDMCs,LGRDandI/NGOs

5.4Enhancecommunityunderstandingon EWS through scheduled training,simulationexercisesanddrills



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5.2.5 INTERVENTION5:MainstreamingDRRintodevelopmentandclimatechange adaptationandmitigation

Review

Thegovernmentpolicyondevelopmentisreducingpoverty,promotingeconomicgrowthandincreasing the wealth of AJK State. The disaster risk reduction shall secure sustainablegrowth, rescue poverty and create a disaster resilient society. Therefore, mainstreamingdisaster risk reduction into development is an integrated component of the developmentprocess.

Aftertheearthquake2005,aholisticapproachhasbeenadoptedspecificallyatStateofAJ&K.All the developmental projects were design with the lens of disaster risk reduction andclimatechangeadaptationandmitigation.Thelessonlearntofthegreatearthquakeprevailsnotonlyinthereconstructionphasebutitchangedthemodusoperandiofthesocietytowardsdisasterresilience.LawsandActswereputinplace;disastermanagementauthoritiesandcommitteeswereestablished.Butsomehowtheplansandpolicieswerenotproperlytakenupinthelongerrun.Atthemovement,theDDMAsarenotfullyfunctionalized;Sectoralplansare not synchronized with the disaster management plans and climate changeadaptation/mitigationmeasures.TheenforcementofDRRchecklistandlanduseregulationsaresomewhatremainedadraftintherapidandun‐plannedconstruction.Therelocationofcritical facilities in the disaster prone areas also remained a big challenge for the Stategovernment. The cross border tension always remained an unresolved issue, around twohundred and thirty‐three villages of District Neelum, Muzaffarabad, Jhelum Valley, Bagh,Haveli,Rawalakot,KotliandBhimberarelocatedonLineofControl(LoC)andapproximately0.403millionpopulationsoutoftotalestimated4.61millionpopulationsofAJ&KisexposedtoIndianfiring.


Animportantissuethatneedstobe integratedintogovernmentproceduresistopromoteadoption of risk sensitive approaches in development planning and programming in allsectors. The purpose of mainstreaming efforts is to ensure that all developmentinfrastructureinhazard‐proneareasarebuilttohigherstandardsofhazardsresiliency;e.g.,schools,hospitals,roads,bridges,damsandtelecommunicationsinfrastructureetc.Thiscanbedonebyincorporatingriskandvulnerabilityassessmentintotheprojectplanningstageand by including vulnerability reductionmeasures in project implementation, in case theproposedprojectsarefoundvulnerabletohazardrisks.

TheStategovernmentisthemaindriverofdevisingandimplantationofdisasterresilientandenvironmentalfriendlydevelopment.TheStategovernmentshouldofficiallydemarcatethehazardproneareasi.e.areaunderactivefaultline,reservationboundariesofriversandlandswith steep slopes, landslide prone area etc. and provide incentives to the vulnerablecommunitiesforthepurposeofrelocation.Adetailriskassessmentofthecriticalfacilitiesandvulnerableinfrastructureshouldbedoneandretrofittingwouldbecarriedoutwhereverappropriate.Similarly,thechangingmodesofclimateanditseffectsneedstobeaddressedthroughpublicprivatepartnershipintermofclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationThedetailagendaofthemainstreamingprocessareasfollowwiththeunderlinebroadobjective


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to promote DRR mainstreaming and enforcement of policies and regulations aimed tointegrateDRRandclimatechangeharmonyintothedevelopingplanningandpractices.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:MainstreamingDRRandClimateChangeAdaptationandMitigationprinciplesandpracticesintothedevelopmentalprogramsandpolicies

Strategy‐2:Setupsectoralguidelinesonmainstreamingdisasterriskreduction.

Strategy‐3: Establish Criteria to assess development projects from a risk reductionperspective.

Strategy‐4:Developmentandenforcementoflanduseplanningonthebasisofdisasterriskassessment

Strategy‐5:5.IntegratingDRRintoeducationandhealthfacilitiesdevelopmentplanningandconstruction


Theabovestrategiesshallbeimplementedthroughvariousactionsasbelow:‐


1.MainstreamingDRRand Climate ChangeAdaptation andMitigation principlesand practices into thedevelopmentalprogramsandpolicies

1.1.Establish state level DRR&CCadaptationmainstreamingworkinggroup

SDMA, P&DD and linedepartments

1.2.Thestatedevelopmentplanand poverty reduction planshould include disaster riskreduction & climate changeadaptationasprioritypolicy

SDMA, P&DD and linedepartments

1.3. Identify the sectors whichcan directly or indirectlyaffectedbythechangingclimateand its impact in term ofdisasters

SDMA,P&DD,academiaandlinedepartments

1.4 Develop DRR and climatechange mitigation/adaptationplanning in the context ofenvironmental protection andconductinalldistrict


1.5Developknowledgebaseonclimate changemitigation/adaptation through



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research, trainings, awarenessandadvocacy

1.6 Develop/encouragepartnership among the publicand private/governmentpartnership tomitigateclimatechangethreats

SDMA, P&DD, and relevantdepartments

2.Set up sectoralguidelines onmainstreamingdisasterriskreduction

2.1 Undertake case studies onpreviousexperiencesanddrawup sectoral guidelinesaccordingly

SDMA, Planning andDevelopmentDepartment

3.Establish criteria toassess developmentprojects from a riskreductionperspective

3.1. Conduct cost‐benefitanalysis of integrated riskreduction into developmentsectors


3.2. Establish the evaluationcriteria and guideline formainstreaming DRR intodevelopmentprojects.


3.3.Disseminate the evaluationcriteriatodistrictgovernmentsbyworkshopsandmeetings


3.4.Review the developmentprogramme by the criteria setby NDMA and PlanningCommissionofPakistan


4.Development andenforcement of landuse planning on thebasis of disaster riskassessment

4.1 Form a land use planningcommittee with therepresentativesfromS/DDMAs,land use planning department,P&DD, revenue department,irrigation,financeandplanning,communicationandworketc.toreview the landusepolicy andproposeamendmentinthelightofDRRmeasures

Land use planning, SDMAdirectives, Planning andDevelopment and Revenuedepartment.

4.2 Develop and enforce landuseplanonthebasisofdisasterriskassessment


4.3 Officially demarcate thehazard prone areas i.e. areaunder active fault line,reservation boundaries of



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rivers and lands with steepslopes,landslideproneareaetc.

4.4 Provide incentives to thevulnerablecommunitiesforthepurposeofrelocation


5.IntegratingDRR intoeducation and healthfacilities developmentplanning andconstruction

5.1 Conduct detail MHVRA ofthevulnerableschools&healthfacilitiesinalldistricts

Health and EducationDepartment, SDMA, C&WandP&DD

5.2 Develop specificationsagainst each hazard whilestandardizingschoolandhealthfacilitydesign


5.3 Introduce applicablemethods of retrofitting in theexisting vulnerable buildingsand organize trainings forengineers and localmasons onretrofittingtechniques


5.2.6 INTERVENTION6:StrengthenDRMsystemthroughawarenessraising programmefordisasterresilientcommunities

Review

The local communities, local infrastructure and local economy are directly affected bydisasters.A“CommunityandLocalLevelRiskReductionProgramme”istheheartofdisasterrisk reduction. Local communities and authorities are the first player to respond to anydisaster.Consideringthischaracteristicofthedisastersituation,itisimportantthatdisasterriskreductionprogrammesareimplementedforawarenessandcapacitydevelopmentatthelocallevel,includinglocalgovernmentofficials,communitiesandcivilsocietyorganizations.Effectiveutilizationoflocalresourcesisessentialinallthestagesofdisastermanagement,i.e.,preparedness, response, recoveryand reconstruction.Additionally, local leveldisastermanagementplansatthevillage,UC,Tehsilanddistrictarevitalindisasterriskreduction.

Under the oneUN joint programme, the State of AJ&K in collaboration of UNDP initiatedCommunityBasedDisasterMitigationprojectsinseveraldistricts.Themainthemewastointroduce and strengthen CBDRM initiatives in the region to make DRM activities moresustainable. But after the earthquake 2005, the vulnerable communities of low incomecategoryweremoreconcernedonreceivingreliefratherthanstrengtheningpreparednessdue to theirpooreconomic conditionsand lackofawareness.The reasonbehindwas thedependency syndrome of the local authorities/organizations and communities prevails in


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dealingeventhelocaldisasters.Moreover,theCBDRMhasbeenrestrictedtonon‐structuralmeasures only like formation of committees and training and ignoring the structuralmeasuresrequiredforenhancingcommunityresilience.


Byreviewing theseongoingprojects, the following issuesare identified regardingCBDRMactivitiesandawarenessprogrammesforthegeneralpublic.

In the areas that have experienced disaster frequently, risk perceptions by citizens arerelativelyhigh.However,knowledgeofdisastersandcountermeasuresagainstdisastersareinsufficient.

Citizensarenotawarethatdisasterriskmanagementisthejointeffortof“self‐help,mutual‐helpandpublic‐help”.Mostcitizensexpectpublicassistanceinthefirstplace,buttheyarenotaware of what they can do and what neighboring communities can do for disaster riskmanagement.

CBDRM is a comprehensive process of leading the vulnerable communities as disasterresilientactors.Theapproachemphasisbothon,structuralandnon‐structuralmeasures.AtAJ&K, the non‐structural component of CBDRM has almost done and it seems thatcommunitiesarewellawareaboutthedisasteroccurrenceandhowtorespondtospecifichazards.UndertheoneUNjointprogramme,atotalof109UCDMCshavebeenformedinthesixoutoftendistricts.Thereisneedtoreactivatethesecommitteesandprovidenecessarytrainingandresponsemanagementequipmentindifferentphases.ToensuresustainabilityofDRMprojects,initiatingeitherbythegovernmentorNGOs,itisnecessarytoenhancethecapacitiesofthecommunityactorsthroughactiveinvolvementintheprojectsforensuringsustainability and durability. Moreover, special emphasis should be given to break thedependencysyndromeoftheaffectedcommunitiesbyinitiatingsmallgrantsschemesinthedisaster hit areas specifically. The detailwork plan is undermentionedwith the broaderobjective to build the capacities of the disaster‐affected communities through CBDRMapproachforinitiatingcommunityleveldisasterpreparednessandriskreductionactivities.

Strategies

Strategy‐1: Organize/revise UC level Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) in alldistricts

Strategy‐2: Building capacities of the DisasterManagement Committees (DMCs) throughTOTsandCBDRMrelatedtrainings

Strategy‐3:Establishdisastermitigationmeasuresincorporatedwithexistingdevelopmentprogramme




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1. Organize/revise UClevel DisasterManagementCommittees (DMCs) inalldistricts

1.1 Organize phase wisemeetingsatUClevelbytheDRRandCCstrategicunitof SDMAfor theestablishmentofDMCsatallUCslevel

DDMAs, SDMA, UCDMCs,LGRD, PRC,AJKRSP, I/NGOsandotherCSOs

1.2 Revise/reactivate DMCs in49 UCs of three districts ofMuzaffarabad Division namelyMuzaffarabad, Jhelum Valley,Neelumduringphase‐I


1.3 Revise/reactivate DMCs in73 UCs of four districts ofPoonch division namelyPoonch, Bagh, Sudhnoti andHaveliduringphase‐II


1.4OrganizeDMCsin72UCsofthree districts of Mirpurdivision namely Bhimber, ,KotliandMirpurduringphase‐III


1.5 Develop standard DMCstructure and TORs for theexecutive and generalmembersofthecommittee

DDMAs,SDMA,

1.6Defineoperationalareasforthe DMCs in pre, during andpostdisasterphases

DDMAs,SDMA,

1.7 Make legal arrangementsfortheDMCsregistration

DDMAs, SDMA, Lawdepartment

1.8 Develop database of thevolunteersand trainedstaffoftheDMCs

DDMAs,SDMA,UCDMCs,

1.9.Conduc raising awarenesscampaigns for the generalpublic utilizing various mediasuch as radio, TV, internet,posters,mosques and schools,Newspapersetc.



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2.Buildingcapacitiesofthe DisasterManagementCommittees (DMCs)through TOTs andCBDRM relatedtrainings

2.1 Develop curriculum andplan CBDRM related trainingprograms and selection ofDMCs

DDMAs, SDMA, UCDMCs,AJKRSP,I/NGOs

2.2 Phase I. Conduct CBDRMrelatedtrainingsforDMCsandselectthepotentialtrainers


2.3PhaseII.ConductTOTsforthe potential trainers of thephaseI


2.4 Phase III. Facilitate andconduct CBDRM relatedtrainings for othercommunities through mastertrainersofphaseII


2.5.Preparingevacuationmapsatdistrictslevels

DDMAs,UCDMCs,

3.Establish disastermitigation measuresincorporated withexisting developmentprogramme

3.1.Planning small scalemitigation measures duringCBDRMactivities


3.2.Mitigation measures forcommunity DRM areincorporated in localgovernment developmentprogramme


5.2.7 INTERVENTION7:Infrastructuredevelopmentfordisasterriskreduction

Review

A well distributed and safe infrastructure is vital for disaster risk management. In AJK,however, the vulnerability of the population to natural hazards has increased due to illplanningindisasterproneareas.Inaddition,inadequatemanagementofinfrastructurehascauseddamagestopopulation.Thefollowingissuesofinfrastructuredevelopmentaretobeconsideredfordisasterriskmanagement.

Manyvillagesareremoteandisolatedduetomountainousterrain.Strengtheningofphysicalinfrastructureisvitalformitigationofunderlyingriskfactorsandeffectiveresponseduringdisasters. It is essential to execute evaluation of physical infrastructure, especiallytransportation,traditionalmudhousesandcommunicationfacilities.

TheSDMAhastakeneveryefforttoreducethehazardrisksintermsofdisastermitigationmeasures since its establishment in 2007. These measures are mainly focused on non‐


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structuralmeasuressuchasinstitutional,trainingandcapacitybuildingactivitiesindisastermanagement.AtthesametimeSDMAshouldpaymoreattentiontostructuralmeasurestoreducehazardrisks.OldandvulnerablebuildingsinAJKareanotheralarminghazardthatmaycausehumanandmateriallossesatanytime.SDMAandAJKgovernmentrequiretopayattention towards policy making, building codes enforcement, demolishing, alternateaccommodation and compensation etc. A detailed survey regarding dangerous buildingsshouldbeconductedandcommunitiesshouldbewarnedearlier.

Populationgrowthinurbanareas,cities,townsofAJKisincreasingdaybyday.Topreventwidespreaddamageduetodisasterinurbanareas,itisnecessarythaturbanplanninganddevelopment should consider disaster risk management. Local governments and DDMAsneed tomakeefforts to createadisaster–resistanturbanstructures.Alsourbandrainagesystemsneedattentionandproperconsiderationforefficientflowinheavyrainfallseason.

InordertoprovidesafetyfortheresidentsatLoC,community‐typebunkersneedtobebuiltat various places (preferably besides the schools and health facilities) along the Line ofControlinAzadJammuandKashmirforthesafetyofresidentslivinginborderareasinregion.These bunkers will be linked with the existing road network in order to ensure thecommunicationbetweentheseareaswithdistrictandsub‐divisionalheadquarters.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:Developschools,hospitalsandotherimportantpublicfacilitiesresilientagainstdisasters

Strategy‐2:Enforcethebuildingcodesandconductsurveyofoldbuildings

Strategy‐3:Implementappropriatestructuralmeasuresinfloodproneareas.

Strategy‐4:Enhancedisasterriskmanagementcapacityinurbanareas.



Strategies Actions ResponsibleOrganization

1. Develop schools,hospitals and otherimportant publicfacilities resilientagainstdisasters

1.1.Structural vulnerabilityevaluation for schools andhospitalsinAJK

SDMA,LGRDC, DDMA,Education & HealthDepartments

1.2.Preparation of guidelinesfor new public buildingsconstruction in the areasvulnerabletodisasters

SDMA,DDMAs,,PPH

1.3.Retrofitting works ofimportant publicfacilities(schools,hospitals)

PPH, Education & HealthDepartments


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2.Enforcethebuildingcodes and conductsurveyofoldbuildings

2.1.Preparation of guidelinesforhousingconstructionintheareasvulnerabletodisasters

SDMA, DDMA,PPH, Planningand Development,Developmentauthorities

2.2.Policy formulationregarding demolishing ofdangerous buildings, alternateaccommodation andcompensationpolicy

SDMC, SDMA, Planning andDevelopment

2.3.Conductdetailsurveyofoldbuildingsinalldistricts

DDMAs, Civil Defense,PPH,LGRDC

3. Implementation ofappropriate structuralmeasures in floodproneareas.

3.1. Establishment ofcomprehensiveand integratedfloodmanagementplaninAJK

SDMA,DDMAs ,IrrigationDepartment

3.2. Construction andrehabilitation of floodcontrol/mitigationstructures

SDMA, Planning andDevelopment, IrrigationDepartment

4. Enhance disasterrisk managementcapacity in urbanareas.

4.1.Formulation of urbandisaster management plan topropose correspondingcountermeasures againstnatural hazard risk in theurbanareas.

SDMA,DDMAs

4.2.Enforcement of effectiveland use control andregulations based on urbandisaster management plan,introduction of the spaceneeded for evacuation anddisaster relief into landutilizationprogramme

SDMA,DDMAs,PlanningandDevelopment,PPH

5.2.8 INTERVENTION8:StrengtheningoftheStateemergencyresponsesystem

Review

To mount an effective response system, it is of paramount that organization roles andcoordination mechanism has been strengthened. To enhance the emergency responsecapacitiesatStateanddistrict level,StateEmergencyOperationCentre(SEOC)alongwithSOPs,establishedundertheoneUNDRMJPbutitslocationandcurrentstatusisnotuptothemark.Although,theunitisfunctional,butstillresourcedeficientandworkingwithlimitedscope.SimilarlyRescue1122andCivilDefencearealsostrugglingforsurvivalduetoresourceconstraints.AtdistrictleveltheestablishmentofwarehousesandDEOCsremainedaconstantissue.ThepopulationresidingalongtheLoCareaofAJ&Ksuffersthegraveconsequencesof


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cross border tension and Indian firing in terms of life losses, permanent injuries anddisabilities, property and livelihood losses also remained a big challenge for the Stategovernment. The SDMA, Civil Defence, Rescue 1122 and relief comes under the onesecretariat. The limited resource allocation specifically for emergency preparedness andresponseactivities in theannualdevelopmentplans isverymeager tocombatemergencysituationatStateanddistrictlevel.


It is imperativetodevelopasystemunderthemanagementofSDMAtoorganizeeffectivedisaster response at state and district levels. Therefore, development of institutionalmechanisms should be undertaken and technical and operational capacity of involvedagenciesshouldbeenhanced.

Enhancingthecopingcapacitiesoftheresponseorganizations(Rescuee1122,SDMA/DDMAsetc.)with theprovisionof theHi‐tech response equipmentalongwith the trainedhumanresource and operational vehicles are crucial to meet any eventuality. The emergencyresponsemanagementsystem,modalitiesandcoordinationmechanismneedtobediscussedandagreedwhiledevelopingStateemergencyresponsemanagementplansandpolicies.Foreffective emergency response, strengthening and establishment of emergency operationcenters,warehouses,Rescue1122services,capacitybuildingprogrammesforgovernmentofficersandvolunteersandthedevelopmentofallhazardspecificcontingencyplansarequiteurgent.TherecentIndianfiring/shellingonLineofControlhasrevealedthevulnerabilityofpeople living along the LoC. This situation demands immediate attention to reduce suchvulnerabilitiesofthepopulationlivingalongtheLoCbyputtingaswiftemergencyresponsesystem in place. The detail plan of action is following below with the core objective tominimize the adverse effects of all hazards througheffective and appropriate actions andeffective responses to ensure the timely and coordinateddeliveryof relief and assistancefollowingadisaster

Strategies

Strategy‐1:Constructionofstoragefacilities/warehousesatdistrictlevelforprepositioningoffood,medicine,reliefsuppliesandrescueequipment.

Strategy‐2: Strengthening of State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC) at SDMA andestablishmentofDistrictEmergencyOperationCenters(DEOCs)atalldistricts.

Strategy‐3:StrengtheningresponsecapacityofSDMA&expandingtheRescue1122servicesinalldistricts

Strategy‐4:ConductGovernmentOfficersEmergencyResponseExercise(GOERE).

Strategy‐5:Establish/strengthenStatedisasterresponseforceatUClevel

Actionstobeimplementedin2016‐2020



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1. Constructionofstoragefacilities/warehousesatdistrictlevelforprepositioningoffood,medicine,reliefsuppliesandrescueequipment

1.1. Construction of storagefacilities/warehouses at Stateanddistrictlevel

SDMA, DDMAs, WFP,Donoragencies

1.2Equipthewarehouseswithdesignated staff, storagematerial relevant to theprevailing hazards andgeographical settings andcommunicationmeans

SDMA, DDMAs, WFP,Donoragencies

2. Strengthening of StateEmergency OperationCentre(SEOC)atSDMAandestablishment of DistrictEmergency OperationCenters (DEOCs) at alldistricts.

2.1. Develop a State of the artSEOC at SDMA at appropriatelocation & establishment ofEOCsinalldistrictstodealwithemergenciesatdistrictlevel

SDMA, DDMAs, P&DD,Donors,NDMA

2.2. Procurement ofequipment/fixtures for theSEOC,DEOCs and Equip all theEOCs with the requiredcapacities

SDMA, DDMAs, P&DD,Donors,NDMA

2.3. Human resourcedevelopmentfortheallEOCs

SDMA,NDMA

2.4. Establish a reportingsystemforregularinformationsharing with NDMA, DDMAsand other concerneddepartments.

SDMA,NDMA

3. Strengthening responsecapacity of SDMA&expanding the Rescue1122servicesinalldistricts

3.1 Develop PC‐I for theestablishment of Rescue 1122servicesintheremainingthreedistricts.

SDMA,Rescue1122

3.2 Enhancing the copingcapacities of the responseorganizations (Rescuee1122,SDMA/DDMAs etc.) with theprovision of the hi‐techresponseequipmentalongwiththe trained human resource iscrucialtomeetanyeventuality.

AJK Govt., Federal Govt,P&DD and Donoragencies.


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3.3 Strengthening the life careservice network for anyemergency by providing atleast ten (10) number of lifecareunitsineachdistrict.


3.4 Provide operationalvehiclestoSDMAandrecoveryvehiclestoRescue1122.


3.5Establishasystemforrapidcommunication and set up atleast five telecommunicationfacilitieswithSDMA, andPMDto exchange information andquick response to combat ordealwithanemergency

SDMAandNDMA,PMD

3.6 Establish Rescue 1122controlroomsatalldistrictsforbetter coordination andeffective liaison with all otherorganizations managingemergencies

Donor agencies. Rescue1122,P&DD,andSDMA

3.7 Conduct advance trainingsforstaffincontextofthemultiemergency responsemanagement

Rescue1122andSDMA

3.8ExpandthescopeofRescue1122 towards disasterpreparedness activities i.e. toestablish communityemergency response teamsthrough enlistment, training,coordination and supervisionof volunteers to assist theserviceinsafetypromotionandmanagementofemergencies

Rescue1122andSDMA

4. Conduct GovernmentOfficers EmergencyResponseExercise(GOERE)

4.1 Conduct GOERE activitiesfor SDMA ,DDMAsand rescue1122inalldistrictstofocusondisaster contingency planningand simulation exercises ateach district level, aligned tovulnerabilities of respectivedistrictswithrespecttovariousdisasters

NDMA, SDMA, NIDM,DDMAs, TMAs, State andDistrictlinedepartments


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4.2.Carryout simulation/mockexercises specific to thegeographical area and type oftheprevailinghazard


4.3. The training exercises bedecentralized at sub‐districtlevel


5. Establish/strengthenState disaster responseforceatUClevel

5.1 Establish/strengthen Statedisaster response force indisaster affected UCs at alldistricts

SDMA,DDMAs, CivilDefense,NIDM

5.2DevelopSOPsforVolunteerDisasterResponseForce


5.3 Registration of volunteerson area basis for the activityand maintaining an updatedrecord of the inducted andtrainedvolunteers

SDMA, DDMAs, CivilDefense,

5.4Conductvolunteertrainingprogramfocusonthekeyareasof emergency response i.e.evacuation, relief campmanagement, care ofvulnerablegroups,informationandguidance to effectives andsupportinvariousassessments/surveys


5.2.9 INTERVENTION9:CapacityDevelopmentPlanningforPostDisasterRecovery

Review

The rescue and relief mission in the aftermath of 2005 earthquake is one of the primeexamples of coordinated and effective response globally. But when it’s come to the postdisasterreconstructionprogrammes,theaffectedareasofAJ&Karenotyetfullyrecovered.Along with non‐availability of funds, the other major challenges on this account are thesystematicincorporationofriskreductionapproachesintothedesignandimplementationinthereconstructionprogrammes.Theaffectedcommunitiesareusuallyreluctanttoobservethecostlybuildingcodes/designsandoftenrefusetorelocatefromthevulnerableareasthustheunderlyingrisksinthereconstructionprocessisprevailing.Anothermajorchallengeinthe recovery phase often seen at AJ&K is the non‐availability of a centralized data aboutplanning, policies and capacities of all stakeholders involved in disaster managementactivities.Therefore,mostofthehumanitarianorganizationsworkedinbitandpiecesintherecoveryphaseandleadedthecommunitiestodependency.


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DisasterNeedsAssessmentisoneoftheimportantmeasuresinpostdisasterrecovery.OneofthecriticalissuesofpostdisasterrecoveryisalackofcapacitytoconductDisasterNeedAssessmentinAJK.TherearenoguidelinesforformulationofRecoveryandRehabilitationPlansfordisasters.Thisconditioncausedindelaysforrecoveryandrehabilitationinitiatives.

All the key stakeholders would have responsibility to develop a consultative and doablemasterplanforsuccessfulrecoverythatcovertheneedsoftheeffectivesof2005earthquakeandflood2014,butalsoprovidefullproofrecoveryinfuture.Toachievethis,conductseriesofconsultationmeetingsandworkshopstoincorporateministerial/departmentalandotherrelevantstakeholder’sinputsandinformationforthedevelopingofrisktransferstrategiesforsaferconstructionpractices,similarlypromotetheinvolvementoffinancialinstitutionsand community in disaster risk reductions practices. The undermentioned interventionsfollowedtheobjectivetodevelopadoablemasterplanandenhancethecapacitiesofdisastermanagementauthoritiesandcommunitiestorecoverfromanydiversity.

Strategies

Strategy‐1:Prepareguidelinesforpostdisasterrecoveryprogrammesandactivities

Strategy‐2:Developcapacityofstakeholdersinpostdisasterrecovery

Strategy‐3:Developsystemandmethodologyforrecoveryneedsassessment

Strategy‐4:Cashgrantstrategytoachievesuccessfulrecovery




1.Prepare guidelinesfor post disasterrecovery programmesandactivities

1.1.Preparationofguidelinesfortheformulation of recovery andrehabilitationplans

SDMA,DDMAs

1.2.Documents of lessons learntregarding recovery from theEQ2005,Flood2010andflood2014byrelatedagencies

SDMA,DDMAs

1.3.Establishment of fundingsystem for post disasters recoveryandrehabilitation

SDMA

2.Develop capacityofstakeholders in postdisasterrecovery

2.1.Holding of orientationworkshops for line ministries andotherstakeholdersonpostdisasterrecovery programme design andimplementation

SDMA,SERRA, CentralDesign Office,DevelopmentAuthorities


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2.2.Databaseontechnicalcapacityof relevant stakeholders indesigning and implementingrecoveryprogrammes

SDMA, SERRA, CentralDesign Office,DevelopmentAuthorities

2.3.Set‐upofasystemtocoordinateand monitor flood early recoveryactivities

SDMA,DDMAs, relevantorganizations

2.4.Capacity development ofresearch activities for newtechniques of recovery andrehabilitation

SDMA,NDMA, Researchinstitutions

3.Developsystemandmethodology forrecovery needsassessment

3.1.Preparation of guidelines forrecovery needs assessment andrecovery programme design andmanagementformultiplesectors

NDMA,SDMA

4.Cash grant strategyto achieve successfulrecovery

4.1ProvideaccesstoDisasterRiskFinancing and Insurance (DRFI)instruments can be madecontingent upon compliance withearthquake‐resistance buildingcodes.

SDMA, I/NGOs, Privatesector, LGRD, Financialinstitutions i.e. Banks,insurancecompaniesetc.

4.2 Develop a catastrophe riskfinancing strategy to increase thefinancial response and recoverycapacity of the State government.Such a strategy could suggest alayeredsystem:

a)StateDMreserveforfundingtheresponse and recovery followingfrequent but low impact hazardevents;

b) Contingent credit facilities andemergency loans to finance themediumlayerofriskand

c) Parametric insurance orcatastrophe bonds to finance rarebuthighimpactevents.

SDMA, I/NGOs, Privatesector, LGRD, Financialinstitutions i.e. Banks,insurancecompaniesetc.

4.3Replicatethegoodpracticesandlesson learnt during recoveryprocess of earth quake 2005,flood2010andflood2014

SERRA,SDMA,DDMA andDevelopmentAuthorities


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5.3 PriorityActionProgrammesforFiveYears

Abovementionedstrategiesshallbeimplementedinlinewiththefollowingimplementationschedule.

Priority Strategy App.cost

(PKR.M)

TimeFrame

2016 17 18 19 20

PRIORITY AREA‐1.Strengthening the Statelevel institutional andlegalsystemfordisastermanagement

1:StrengthenthedisastermanagementAuthoritybyestablishing a well‐equippedDRRandClimateChange strategic planningunitatSDMA.

100.00

2:Formulatedisasterriskmanagement plans andstrengthen theinstitutional capacity ofDRM focal point in eachdepartment declared asinstitutional members ofSDMA as per DRM Act2010.

50.00

3: Strengthening thecoordination forum forperiodic stakeholder’smeetings.

3.0

4: Implement drills andtrainings of disastermanagement activities inthe organizations toimprovetheircapacities.

4.0

5: Establishment of StateDisaster ManagementFund(SDMF)asenvisagedin the AJ&K DisasterManagementAct,2008.(b)Establish DistrictEmergency Fund (DEF) ateachDDMA/DCOoffice.

300.00


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6:ConstituteStateDisasterManagement SteeringCommittee(SDMSC)undersection 03 (VII) of theAJ&K DisasterManagementAct,2008.

5.00

PRIORITY AREA: 2Conduct Multi‐Hazard,Vulnerability and RiskAssessment(MHVRA)

1:Conductdetailedmulti‐hazard vulnerability andrisk analysis of all tenDistricts.

120.00

2: Develop Hazard andRisk Atlas of Azad Jammu&Kashmiratmacrolevel.

20.00

3:Conductdetailedmulti‐hazard vulnerability andrisk analysis/assessmentsatlocallevels

200.0

4:Conductresearchesandstudies on the impact ofclimatechangeonglaciersandicecap.

10.0

5.PrepareGISbasedmultihazardindicationmapsfordistrictsandstatelevel

10.00

PRIORITY AREA 3:Disaster riskmanagement throughtraining, education andawareness

1: Development ofcurriculum for shortcourses and diplomacourses in disastermanagement under thegeology department atuniversityofAJ&K.

50.00

2: Establish DisasterManagement ResourceCentreatSDMA.

70.00

3:DevelopmentofDRR/Mcurriculum and initiationof DRM as subject inacademic institutions atvarious universities ofAJ&K

50.00

4:DevelopmentofDRR/Mcurriculum at school levelunder school safetyprogrammes

10.0


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5:LaunchDRRawarenesscampaignatvariouslevel

12.0

PRIORITY AREA 4:Establish/strengtheningMulti‐Hazard EarlyWarning andEvacuationSystems

Strategy‐1: Strengthenweather forecasting andearlywarningsystems

70.00

Strategy‐2:Preparehazardmaps at local scale intargetedlocations

6.0

Strategy‐3: Strengthenearly warningdisseminationsystems

7.0

Strategy‐4: Developcapacity of early warningandevacuationsystems

5.0

Strategy‐5:Establishcommunity based earlywarning system in alldistricts

10.00

PRIORITY AREA 5:Mainstreaming DRRinto development andclimate changeadaptation andmitigation

Strategy‐1:Mainstreaming DRR andClimate ChangeAdaptation andMitigationprinciples and practicesinto the developmentalprogramsandpolicies

1.50

Strategy‐2:Setupsectoralguidelines onmainstreaming disasterriskreduction.

1.00

Strategy‐3: EstablishCriteria to assessdevelopment projectsfrom a risk reductionperspective.

4.00

Strategy‐4: Developmentand enforcement of landuse planning on the basisofdisasterriskassessment

2.00

Strategy‐5: IntegratingDRR into education andhealth facilities

2.00


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developmentplanningandconstruction

RIORITY AREA 6:StrengthenDRMsystemthrough awarenessraising programme fordisaster resilientcommunities

1: Organize/revise UClevelDisasterManagementCommittees (DMCs) in alldistricts

20.00

2: Building capacities ofthe Disaster ManagementCommittees (DMCs)throughTOTsandCBDRMrelatedtrainings

5.00

3: Establish disastermitigation measuresincorporatedwithexistingdevelopmentprogramme

5.00

PRIORITY AREA 7:Infrastructuredevelopment fordisasterriskreduction

1: Develop schools,hospitals and otherimportant public facilitiesresilientagainstdisasters

60.00

2: Enforce the buildingcodes and conduct surveyofoldbuildings

30.00

4: Implement appropriatestructural measures infloodproneareas.

80.00

5: Enhance disaster riskmanagement capacity inurbanareas.

6.00

PRIORITY AREA 8:Strengthening of theState emergencyresponsesystem

1:Constructionofstoragefacilities/warehouses atdistrict level forprepositioning of food,medicine, relief suppliesandrescueequipment.

200.00

2: Strengthening of StateEmergency OperationCentre (SEOC) at SDMAand establishment ofDistrict EmergencyOperation Centers(DEOCs)atalldistricts.

50.00

3:Strengtheningresponsecapacity of SDMA &

100.00


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expanding the Rescue1122 services in alldistricts

4: Conduct GovernmentOfficers EmergencyResponse Exercise(GOERE).

0.80

5: Establish/strengthenState disaster responseforceatUClevel

50.00

PRIORITY AREA‐9:Capacity DevelopmentPlanning for PostDisasterRecovery

1: Prepare guidelines forpost disaster recoveryprogrammesandactivities

1.50

2: Develop capacity ofstakeholders in postdisasterrecovery

1.50

3: Develop system andmethodology for recoveryneedsassessment

1.20

4. Cash grant strategy toachieve successfulrecovery

1.0

TotalCostPKR.1734.5Million


126

Chapter

6StandardOperatingProceduresfor

DisasterResponse


127

Chapter–6:StandardOperatingProceduresforDisasterResponse

6.1 StateEmergencyOperationCentre(SEOC)

State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC) a facility to control the operations andcoordinationofresources,focusingonemergencyresponseandrecoverystructure.SEOCisacriticalpartofSDMAformanagingalltheemergencyprocess.TheexistingsetupofSEOCatSDMAisnotinaccordancewithstandarddesignandfacilities.Clearoperatingprocedures,staffrolesandresponsibilitiesarerequiredasisaneffectiveworkspaceandasafelocation.

AproperlydesignedEmergencyOperationsCentres(EOC)willbeestablishedtoserveasaneffective and efficient facility for coordinating emergency response and recovery efforts.SEOCwillservenumberofusesincludingoperations,training,meetingsandotheruses.TheSEOCwilloptimizecommunicationandcoordinationbyeffectiveinformationmanagementandpresentation.TheDirectorGeneral,SDMAwillberesponsiblefor:

ActivationoftheEOC OperationoftheEOC StaffingtheEOC

Purpose:

TheprimarypurposeoftheSEOCistoperformfollowingfourfunctions:‐

Informationcollection,analysisanddissemination. Coordination&communication. ResourceManagement MonitoringandAnalysis.

TheSEOCwillutilizetheIncidentCommandSystem(ICS)structureduringallactivations.

IncidentCommand

The Incident Command System (ICS) provides a management structure and system forconductingemergencyoperations.Itisapplicabletosmallscaledailyoperationalactivitiesaswell asmajormobilizations. ICS, provides EOC and operational staff with a standardizedoperationalstructureandcommonterminology.

Alltheactivitiesincludingresponse,rescue,reliefandrecoveryshallbecoordinatedbySEOCand executed by District Disaster Management Authorities, Rescue 1122, Civil DefenceDepartment,LocalGovernmentandother linedepartments inAJ&K.TheDirectorGeneralSDMAwillbe responsible forsupervisingall SEOCactivities.He shallperformas IncidentCommander(IC)duringstateofemergencysituation.


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SEOCDecisionMaking

StrongmanagementwillbeneededduringSEOCoperations.SEOCshouldbeactivatedassoonas possible to ensure that rapid decisionmaking can occur. During the incident responsephase,thereal‐timetrackingofincidentsandresponseresourcesiscritical.Resourcesmaybeinshortsupplywhilemultiplerequestsforservicespileup.Anoperationslogcapabilityisneededtofulfilltherequirementofdocumenting,trackingandmanagingtheresponsetoaninfinitenumberofconcurrentincidents.

Anefficientsystemofcommandandcontrol isanessentialpre‐requisite to thesuccessfulcoordinationofresourcesinemergencyresponseoperations.Operationsarebasedonthree(3)phases:ALERT,ACTIVATION,STANDDOWN.

Phase Action

Alert

SDMA management receives information ‐threat from an earlywarningcentre

SDMAmanagementadvisestheChairmanSDMC

SDMAmanagementinformsrelevantPrimaryandSupportAgencies

ManagementputsSEOConAlertifwarranted

Activation

SDMA management advises Chairman SDMC that assistance isrequired

SDMA management activates appropriate response mechanism intheregion

Levelofresponsetobeproportionaltothehazard

SDMAmanagementtoadviseChairmanSDMCifassistanceisneededfromtheFederallevel

Chairman SDMC liaises with the NDMC and NDMA for Federalassistance

StandDown

SDMAmanagementadvisestheChairmanSDMCthatassistanceisnolongerrequired

SDMAmanagementadvisesLiaisonOfficersandarrangestimeandlocationfordebriefing

PrimaryandSupportAgencypersonnelaredebriefedandcompletefinaltasks

Final reports completed and distributed by various agencies inaccordancewithrelevantStandardOperatingProcedures

Evaluationofresponse


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ItwillbeatthediscretionoftheDGSDMAtoactivatetheappropriateactionastheconditionsandresourcesmaydictate.

EOCActivationLevels:

TheleveloftheSEOCactivationwilldependonthenatureandscopeofthethreattotheState.Localized road accident may require only a minimal activation of the SEOC, while animpendingearthquake, floodormassive landslideetc.would require full activationof theSEOC.

Thelevelsofdisasterareexplainedbelow:

Level1‐ FullScaleActivation‐Allstakeholdersactivated

Level2‐ PartialActivation‐SomeEmergencySupportFunctionsactivated

Level3‐ Monitoring

OnadailybasistheSEOCwillbeatlevel‐3activation

SEOCStaffing&Responsibilities:

SEOCwillwork for24hours’basis.TheSEOCwillperform its functionsunder theoverallsupervisionofIncidentCommander(DirectorGeneralSDMA).However,theheadofbranchwillbeDirectorOperationsandincharge/FocalpersonofSEOCwillbeAssistantDirectorOperations.Rescue1122willactasEmergencyResponseForceduringlimitedorasmallscaleemergency occurrence andwill report to in charge /Focal person of SEOC regarding theincident.

Incharge/Focalpersonwillissueweeklydutyrosterandensureitsimplementations.ThecopiesofrosterwillbesenttoSecretarySDMA,Directors,DeputyDirectorsandallconcernsaccordingly.

Incharge/FocalpersonwillberesponsibleforthesmoothandefficientfunctioningofSEOC.Hewill be responsible for up‐keeping, proper functioning of all equipment, presence andperformanceofallemployeesondutyandrecordkeepingaccordinglyintheSEOC.

ThestaffofSEOCwillonlyserveintheSEOCandwillperformtheirdutiesanddesignatedroleassignedby inchargeofficer.Therewillbeadutyregister for theofficialsonduty inSEOC.Everystaffmemberondutywillmaintainthedutyregister.Hewillenterhisarrivalanddeparturetimeonthedutyregisteratdailybasis.

Responsibilities

SEOCwill collect information aboutweather forecast,weather alerts frommeteorologicaldepartmentorinformationaboutanyotherhazard.

Ondailybasis,incomingmessagesregardingupdateofdailyemergencysituationtotheSEOCwill be captured inwriting on specific Performa. Upon completion of this form itwill be


130

forwardedtotheDirectorGeneralSDMAforappropriateactionanddisseminationtoDDMAs,CivilDefence/Rescue1122andallconcerneddepartmentsimmediately.

EspeciallyinMonsoonSeasonandinwinter,SEOCwillshareinformationregardingweatherupdateandfloodsituationtoallDDMAsandotherstakeholdersondailybasis.

Incharge of SEOC is responsible tomobilize the rescue 1122 (emergency response force)immediatelyonreceivinganyemergencycall.

Incomingmessageswillbesavedintheappropriatedisasteroperationfile.

TheDirectorOperationSDMAwillreviewandapprovealloutgoingmessagespriortobeingsent.

Alloutgoingmessageswillbesavedintheappropriatedisasteroperationfile.

In case of level‐1 activation, a daily SEOC briefing will be held to update agencies /organizations on the status of emergency operations. Additional daily briefings will bescheduledasnecessary.

AdailySituationReportwillbepreparedutilizingaspecializedformandwillbeforwardedto Director General/Secretary SDMA. Additional Situation Report will be provided anddisseminatedaswarranted.

Information will be disseminated to the public through available media outlets & otheradditional sources. Contact information for the media should be available in the SDMANotificationDirectory.

6.2 ReceiptandDisseminationofWarnings

All public warnings are to be disseminated by the SDMA upon recommendation of theDirector General SDMA. Appropriate media channels will be used quickly transferinformationtothegeneralpublic.

WarningsandAlerts

a) SourceofWarningsandAlertsBulletins: Warning Bulletins and Advisories may be issued by the SDMA based uponinformationfromthePakMeteorologicalDepartment.

Emergency contact numbers should be listed.Warnings or alert messages received fromothersourcearetobeverifiedbySDMA.

b) WarningandAlertContactPointsThecontactnumberstobeusedincaseofemergencyareplacedinannexure


131

6.3 PublicInformation

AcontactlistofdisasterfocalpersonsisattachedintheannexotherdetailsandcontactsfordisasterinformationwillbeprovidedbytheSEOCundertheguidanceoftheDirectorGeneral,SDMA.TheStateDisasterManagementAuthority isresponsible fordisseminatingdisasterriskandresponseinformationtoalltheconcerns.

TheDirectorGeneralistobetheofficialsourceofpublicandmediainformationinperiodsofdisaster.TheDirectorGeneralwillarrangeandsignoffonanymediabriefingsandinterviewswithkeypersonnelandmediachannels.

Generalformatforsharinginformation/situationreportisattachedintheannex.

ManagingPublicInformation

Publicinformationwillbemanagedasfollows:

Newsconferencetobeheldassoonaspossibleaftertheevent; Mediaguidelinestobesetonaccessibilitytoinformation Ensuregoodcommunicationwithfrequentupdatesandbulletins; Formamediapoolbyselectingasmallnumberofmediapersonnel fromdifferent

mediahousestorepresentprintandelectronicnewsonthedisaster. Monitoringofprintandelectroniccoverage;

6.4 InformationManagementandRumorControl

ThefollowingguidelineswillbeusedasSOPsforinformationmanagement:

Accurateandtimelyinformationwillbesharedwiththepublic; InformationwillbeissuedbySDMAmanagement; Informationwillberepeatedfrequentlyintheearlystages; Mediaaccesstodisasterinformationandwillnotberestricted; Focalpersonsformediamanagementwillbeappointed; Amedia“backgroundinformation”sheetwillberegularlyupdated; MediavisitstodisastersitewillbeorganizedbySDMA.

6.5 Reporting,BriefingsandConferences

AllresponseorganizationwillshareregularupdateswithStateEmergencyOperationcentre(SEOC). The Chairman DDMA will collate disaster reports and supply regular detailedsituation reports to the Chairman SDMC, DG/Secretary SDMA and other stakeholders.BriefingsfortheDGSDMAandthePublicInformationofficerwillbescheduledatintervalsandinclude;

Newandunresolvedproblems Assistanceneededfromotheragenciesoroutsideorganizations Situationupdates


132

AdditionalbriefingsmaybeorganizedattherequestoftheDirectorGeneralSDMA ConferencesofkeypersonnelmaybeconvenedatanytimebytheDGSDMAtodiscuss

andresolvemajorissues. TheDirectorGeneralSDMAisresponsibleforensuringthatanydecisionsreachedat

conferencesarerelayedtoallpersonnelandactedupon.

DuringandPostDisasterReports

SDMAwillberesponsibleforpreparingandsendinganyspecialreportsondamages,threatsor required assistance. The locations of temporary medical, feeding, or shelter facilitiesshouldberapidlydisseminatedtoallfiledworkers.Apost‐disasterreportmustbecompletedondeactivationoftheSEOCtomarktheofficialendoftheresponse.Thisreportwillbeusedforlearninglessons.

6.6 RequestforAssistance

AnyrequestsforassistancefromoutsidetheregionaretobemadebytheChairmanSDMCandDGSDMAinaccordancewiththeStatepoliceinvogue.SuchrequestsaretobeforwardedtotheNationalDisasterManagementAuthoritybytheChairman.

6.7 ReliefforAffectedPopulation

Emergencysheltermaterials–blankets,bedding,plasticsheeting SafeEmergencyevacuationandaccommodation Water,foodandclothingrelief Medicalassistance Security Longer‐termreliefandrecoveryassistancemayinclude: Foodstamporfoodvoucherprogrammes Emergencyhousinggrants Welfaregrants Nutritionalsupplementprogrammes Skillstraining

CriteriaforEmergencyReliefAssistance

Theprioritiesofemergencyresponsewillbelife,shelterandbasicneeds(water,clothes,andfood). Food relief constitutes items sufficient to meet 2600 calories (average calorierequirementperpersonperday)for3days.DANAteamswilldeterminedamageAssessmentandNeedsAnalysis(DANA).Furtherneedsassessmentwilldependonthenatureandscaleofthedisaster.Thecriterionforreliefwillbeasfollows:

Low‐income applicants and families with many young children, the elderly and thephysically/mentally challenged, those in theworst hit areas are to be prioritized. ShelterneedswillfollowthesuggestedShelterGuidelineandSPHEREstandards


133

All individuals will be considered for basic humanitarian needs, bedding and temporaryroofingmaterials.

Reconstruction

a) Programmeparticipantsmustshow:b) Proofofownershipofthehousec) Proofofownershipofthelandd) Repairsandreconstructionwillalsobeundertakenwhererequiredormaterialsprovided

forthis,tobedependentuponfundinge) Rentalpropertieswillbealowpriorityf) Theuninsuredwilltakepriorityovertheinsuredg) Ownerswithmorethanonepropertywillbealowpriorityh) Propertyunderconstructionatthetimeoftheeventwillbealowpriority

6.8 StateDisasterManagementFund(SDMF)

The State Disaster Management Fund constituted under Section 22 of AJK DisasterManagementAct2008notifiedvideNo.SRDC/6/86/1250‐63/2013Dated15‐05‐2013willbeutilizedbytheStateDisasterManagementCommissionforrelief,rescueandrehabilitationoftheaffectedpopulationasperapprovedGovernmentpolicy.Thecircumstanceswherecashassistancemaybeprovidedareasfollows:

ReliefProvidedunderDistressedPersonReliefAct2011inAJK

Amountofcompensationpayableincaseof:‐

Death Rs.150,000/perperson

Injury (i) Rs.75,000/‐perpersonincaseofpermanentdisability

(ii) Rs.50,000/‐perpersonincaseofgrievousinjury.

ReliefassistanceprovidedbyFederalgovernment

Dead: Rs.600000/‐

Injured:

MajorInjury Rs.100000/‐

Disability/Lossoflimb Rs.200000/‐

To bring relief/assistance at parwith Federal package ex‐gratia/ assistance for dead andinjuredshouldbeenhancedtoRs.600000/‐,Rs.100000/‐andRs.200000/‐

DamagetoHouses

Housecompletelydamaged/destroyed:PKR:100,000


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Housepartiallydamaged(dependingupontheextentofdamage):PKR:60,000

Lossofcattlehead

Cow,Buffalo,Horse,Donkey:PKR20,000‐30,000

Goat :PKR30000

Thecompensationamountcanvarydependingontheavailabilityoffunding.

Procedures

SDMAwill collate and compile assessment reportson losses /damages caused to theproperty,infrastructureandcropsfromtheconcernedDDMAs.

SDMAwillsubmitreportstotheSDMCforfinancialassistanceforaffectedareas. After declaration of any area as a calamity affected, the following remissions of

Government‐dues/assistanceistobeprovided: The State Bank and other concerned commercial banks will be requested to defer

agricultural loans in areas with damaged crops and grant new loans to enable thecontinuationoflivelihoods.

Relief

Incaseofanyemergencysituationswillprovidebasicfacilitiestotheaffectees, Fundswillbeutilizedtopurchasereliefsupplies(tents,cookedfood,blanketsetc.)


135

Chapter

7SimulationandDrills


136

Chapter7:SimulationsandDrills

7.1 ResponsibilityforOrganizingDrills

TheStateDisasterManagementAuthoritywithotherstakeholderswillperiodicallyplanandcarryoutpracticalevaluationstoassessdisasterresponsemechanismsandsystemsinAJK.Agenciesanddepartmentsshouldalsoconductdrillsofpotentialhazardscenarios.TheSIDMwill be responsible to conduct the simulations and drills. National Institute of DisasterManagement(NIDM)shallbeengagedtobuildthecapacityofSIDM.

Examplesimulations/drillsinclude:

a) Multi‐HazardEmergencyResponseExerciseb) EarthquakeEvacuationc) FlashFlood/FloodsEvacuationd) EvacuationduetoacrossLoCFiringe) Respondingtoanexplosionf) AvoidingandreactingtoactiveLandSlide

Since drills and simulations are scenario‐based activities therefore narratives for eachdrill/simulation will be developed. The sample narratives for Multi‐Hazard EmergencyResponseExerciseareattachedasannex.

7.2 Simulation/DrillSchedule

Thereshouldbeatleastthreesimulations/drillsinayearatdivisionallevel.Lessonslearntfrom these exercises and those from the previous disaster related incidents should beincorporatedintheStateDRMPlanduringtheannualupdateprocess.

Sr. Simulation/Drill Location Duration Date/Month

1 Multi‐Hazard Emergency ResponseExercise

Muzaffarabad 3Days March

2 EarthquakeEvacuation Rawalakot 1Day April

3 EvacuationduetoacrossLoCFiring JhelumValley 2Days May

7.3 Resourcesfororganizingdrillsandsimulations

TheSDMAwillfacilitateandprovideresourcesforrequireddrills.Departments,agenciesandorganizationswillbearthecostofinvolvementinthese.


137

Annexures


138

RainfallData

PakistanMetrologicalDepartment

RainfallmmofJhelum

YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec Total

2006 67.2 20.3 11.1 13.5 33.2 64 485.3 371.1 38.8 18 25 85.4 1232.9

2007 0.6 137.9 165 1.3 33.9 121.6 206.9 88.5 70.8 0 5.2 1 832.7

2008 59.3 20.3 7 111.1 36.5 184.8 197.3 66.6 65.3 24 TRACE 54 826.2

2009 56 34.4 21 31.2 22.8 49.5 130 164.3 22 0 11 TRACE 542.2

2010 2 75 18 13.2 51 76.7 259 198.3 60.1 23.4 TRACE 14.6 791.3

Average 37.0 57.6 44.4 34.1 35.5 99.3 255.7 177.8 51.4 13.1 13.7 38.8

RainfallmmofGarhiDupattaYEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec Total

2006 267.9 96.5 102.3 70.9 40.2 116.8 276.2 272.7 85 21.8 66.6 234.1 1651

2007 9.2 119.5 217.8 32.7 112.4 216.3 197.6 121.4 77 0 12 30.9 1146.8

2008 246.7 82.7 11.6 158 53.6 184.4 174 166.7 12.8 23 42 104.9 1260.4

2009 128.2 182.7 85 162.7 55.2 82.2 187.8 104.6 99.4 36 23 28.8 1175.6

2010 26 253 62 94.6 86.2 120.6 570.5 251.2 45.2 21.2 TRACE 22.4 1552.9

Average 135.6 146.9 95.7 103.8 69.5 144.1 281.2 183.3 63.9 20.4 35.9 84.2

RainfallmmofKotliYEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec Total

2006 129.4 68.4 85.9 23.2 71.4 179.8 466.4 350.2 83.6 55.6 50.2 141 1705.1

2007 1 174.2 250.1 26.2 33.5 105.8 173.6 141.6 67.7 0 6.4 6 986.1

2008 151.8 65.5 7 108 32.4 230.2 244.8 104.2 74 113.4 5 86.6 1222.9

2009 74 71.8 33 49 8 32.2 175.4 198.6 9.4 9 41.4 6 707.8


139

2010 21.6 127.4 63.5 19 87.4 46.8 416.4 172.6 49.6 46.1 6 31 1087.4

Average 75.6 101.5 87.9 45.1 46.5 119.0 295.3 193.4 56.9 44.8 21.8 54.1

RainfallmmofMuzaffarabad


2006 171.9 101.6 100.1 68.1 74 223 613.8 374.9 70.8 62.3 105.3 187.4 2153.2

2007 6.2 107.1 256.5 63 125.8 165.4 227.9 108.5 72 0 18.5 29 1179.9

2008 217.9 67.4 11 123.3 122.6 330.7 256.6 224 132.8 30.4 47.7 145.8 1710.2

2009 113 148.9 68.8 198.2 48.1 76 175.2 177.6 77.8 8.2 29.1 31.8 1152.7

2010 33.4 319.6 67.2 59.3 52.2 100.9 554.6 180.4 100.2 28.2 1 19 1516

Average 108.5 148.9 100.7 102.4 84.5 179.2 365.6 213.1 90.7 25.8 40.3 82.6 TropicalRainfallMeasuringMission(TRMM)

RainfallmmofJhelum


2006 78.63 32.93 27.51 12.22 46.64 73.99 385.18 315.66 83.83 52.89 27.5 110.03 1247.01

2007 2.3 132.88 186.42 8.21 42.1 154.14 264.27 135.72 75.53 0 0.27 0 1001.84

2008 97.37 36.11 11.96 123.86 33.54 175.24 242.87 124.52 63.36 23.73 1.17 39.69 973.42

2009 62.85 69.47 36.84 44.98 24.88 21.33 104.35 121.28 38.94 1.33 16.29 2.22 544.76

2010 3.61 68.4 20.79 17.46 54.67 62.55 287.05 210.66 89.55 25.56 0 19.11 859.41

2011 0 89.73 34.4 48.84 18.95 68.22 220.67 189.15 125.91 14.78 1.59 1.53 813.77

2012 67.82 37.4 13.54 66.37 15.35 12.16 165.52 267.91 139.31 10.88 0.81 17.64 814.71

2013 8.28 146.76 44.44 64.18 15.31 98.53 272.03 320.87 99.19 13.19 21.86 1.26 1105.90

Average 40.1 76.7 47.0 48.3 31.4 83.3 242.7 210.7 89.5 17.8 8.7 23.9

RainfallmmofGarhiDupattaYEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec Total


140

2006 185.04 88.76 87.22 60.97 60.53 130.9 439.66 335.46 88.07 49.47 74.57 146.43 1747.08

2007 16.41 121.76 211.39 34.42 92.85 154.89 234.98 157.15 95.04 0.05 7.79 21.5 1148.23

2008 180.72 65.88 32.29 139.25 71.95 271.44 230.01 178.96 47.96 41.07 53.57 132.55 1445.65

2009 106.52 87.12 87.21 160.76 42.18 42.58 128.16 179.22 71.41 10.32 17.11 14.03 946.62

2010 29.97 170.91 55.95 83.7 98.73 105.8 419.34 185.22 96.97 26.06 0.21 10.62 1283.48

2011 11.43 187.47 107.91 145.52 28.77 115.15 208.69 227.17 136.35 56.52 37.1 4.24 1266.32

2012 34.02 112.95 66.42 157.52 43.29 39.67 152.52 322.4 230.34 16.28 1.87 73.79 1251.07

2013 14.13 195.15 88.22 98.51 63.41 164.77 196.84 370.28 148.72 25.38 10.63 2.46 1378.50

Average 72.3 128.8 92.1 110.1 62.7 128.2 251.3 244.5 114.4 28.1 25.4 50.7

RainfallmmofKotliYEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec Total

2006 64.98 65.28 77.49 35.9 59.95 118.11 450.82 327.09 100.95 47.09 57.27 144.59 1549.52

2007 11.53 144.82 226.51 21.07 54.77 133.12 253.77 231.37 122.39 0.04 6.2 3.69 1209.28

2008 160.91 92.07 31.27 140.08 51.31 249.42 279.14 165.07 59.56 33.18 21.87 95.64 1379.52

2009 86.31 148.58 68.09 137.85 29.97 33.41 124.4 172.68 47.81 4.38 24.11 9.69 887.28

2010 27.81 191.62 57.56 63.46 94.96 79.9 392.55 241.09 85.05 36.24 0.41 9.63 1280.28

2011 25.83 163.41 80.95 117.54 25.13 112.1 229.62 214.29 217.31 34.92 15.52 7.61 1244.23

2012 74.52 40.68 35.54 108.92 29.46 37.01 161.25 337.4 170.77 9.95 3.66 45.63 1054.79

2013 43.51 216.57 63.64 91.18 34.76 156.12 285.06 421.04 202.56 19.7 17.12 8.28 1559.54

Average 61.9 132.9 80.1 89.5 47.5 114.9 272.1 263.8 125.8 23.2 18.3 40.6

RainfallmmofMuzaffarabadYEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Dec Total

2006 169.38 89.65 88.33 66.22 59.35 123.25 445.3 356.96 76.22 46.96 84.68 97.56 1703.86

2007 10.62 123.85 215.4 33.48 97.54 150.16 253.29 141.46 86.33 0.18 9.58 21.6 1143.49

2008 115.29 32.4 13.99 152.49 70.84 305.16 246.92 192.56 57.78 41.26 58.08 137.91 1424.68

2009 117.24 69.48 91.83 169.06 45.25 47.19 105.65 200.91 66.16 12.33 19.33 15.21 959.64

2010 3.6 190.17 59.8 82.36 88.71 96.89 485.44 195.25 100.44 22.09 0.23 16.63 1341.61


141

2011 8.01 191.79 125.27 142.84 28.11 113.69 183.72 230.14 121.19 51.73 31.24 3.85 1231.58

2012 32.13 120.09 86.19 150.74 48.86 40.98 135.69 332.9 247.16 17.16 1.52 59.49 1272.91

2013 21.78 183.06 113.43 98.67 62.36 159.68 222.32 371.55 137.03 28.34 11.28 2.9 1412.40

Average 59.8 125.1 99.3 112.0 62.6 129.6 259.8 252.7 111.5 27.5 27.0 44.4


142

NotificationfortheestablishmentofStateDisasterManagementAuthority


143

NotificationforestablishmentofSDMC,SDMAandDDMA


144

NotificationfortheSecretariatofRelief,SDMAandCivilDefence


145

NotificationforestablishmentofStatDisasterManagementfundandpurchaseofland


146

NotificationforCompensationPolicyPictorialviewofconsultationprocess


147

Sampleformatofsituationreport

DAMAGE/LOSSSITUATIONREPORT–AJ&K

District Tehsil UC HumanLosses Houses Livestock LivelihoodSources Crops Remarks

Death Injured Completely Partially * * * * * * * *

M F C M F C


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SampleNarrativesofSimulation

Multi‐HazardEmergencyResponseSimulation‐MirpurDivision

SimulationOnlySimulatedTime : 1stFebruary2017 IssuedTo:DistrictSyndicatesActualTime : 13thSep2016

Opening/Narrative1

1. Duetotheglobalclimatechanges,Pakistanisveryhighonvulnerabilityscaleandisexperiencing

unpredictablerainfall,increasedtemperatureandseason'svariations.Thesechangeshavecausedhuge

and unpredictable rain fall in past 6years in Pakistan. Besides heavy rainfall, intensity of earthquake

occurrenceinthecountryespeciallyinnorthernandnorth‐westernparthasincreasemanifold.AJ&Kis

susceptible to a varietyof disasters likeearthquakes, landslides,GL6OF, floods, flash floodsand sever

wintersotherthannumberofhumaninduceddisasters.Veryrecentfloods/landslidesintheregionhave

causedlosstolife,property,infrastructure,andlivelihoodofthepeople.

2. Theexperienceofpreviousyearshighlightedtheunderlyinggapsinthecapacitiesofgovernment

departments. Inter‐department coordination during the response phase, earlywarning system and its

timedisseminationtopublicwerealsofewgrayareasobserved.

3. AsperPakistanMeteorologicalDepartment(PMD),uncertainties inPakistan’sweatherpattern

willpersisttowardstheearlysummer.FirsthalfofJuneislikelytoremaindrierandhotterwhichmay

accelerate glacier melting, resultantly rivers will have increase water and early filling up of dams is

envisaged.Thissituationislikelytoaccentuatebythemonsoon.

4. PrimeMinisterAJ&KhasdirectedSDMAandalldistrictstoensureahighlevelofpreparednessfor

upcomingmonsoonseasontoavoidlosses/damagesandcomprehensiveandcoordinatedresponse.

5. Detailedandaccuratehazardandriskassessmentisakeytoelaborateplanningprocess.Major

vulnerabilitiesofvariousdistrictsofMuzaffarabadDivisionareasunder:‐

a. Floodsthatincludesriverineandflashflooding.

b. Earthquake.

c. Landslides.

d. GLOF.

e. Epidemics.

f. Roadaccidentsanddrowningaccidents

Requirement1

6. AsDDMAofrespectivedistrictscarryouthazardassessmenttoidentifyhazardsandvulnerable

areas/pointsandprioritizethem.Theinformationrequiredmaybeprovidedonthegiventemplate.

Timeforconsideration:60Min

Timeforpresentation&discussion:45Min


149

HAZARDASSESSMENT‐District‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

H a z a r d PriorityofHazard T e h s i l UnionCouncil VulnerableArea/Point* Estimated Population at Risk

*Alsomarkondistrictmap


150

SimulatedTime : 1stMarch2016 IssuedTo:DistrictSyndicates

ActualTime : 13thSep2016

Narrative2

1. AsperadvisoryofPakistanMeteorologicalDepartment (PMD),prevailingoceanic,

atmospheric and surface climatic conditions suggest that uncertainties in Pakistan’s

weather pattern will persist towards the early summer. Following are the highlights of

weather:‐

MarchandAprilareexpectedtobewetterthannormal.

MostpartoftheMayandfirsthalfofJunearelikelytoremaindrierandhotter

thannormal.Thatwouldincreasetheprobabilityofoccurrenceofheatwavesin

someareas.

HeatwaveconditionsmayaccelerateglaciermeltingandtriggerGLOFevents.

Duetointenseheating,monsoononsetisexpectedtobeearlyduringsecondhalf

ofJun2016.

2. ThemajorconclusionsdrawnfromPMD'sseasonaloutlookareasunder:‐

Unusualspellofrainswouldaffectflowinriversaswellasintensifyflashflooding

andlandsliding.

Snowresidencyperiodislikelytobeshortlived.Riseintemperatureandincrease

inmeltingmayresultintohighlevelofdischargeinrivers.Floodrehabilitation/

protectionworksmaygetdisruptedinsuchsituation.

Expected increased inflow in rivers will require careful regulation of dam

operations.

Early start of monsoon may compress the preparedness time for monsoon

activities.

Monsoonrainsareexpectedtobe25/30%higherthanaveragerainfall.

Occurrenceofearthquakeintheareacan'tberuledout.

3. TheNationalMonsoonContingencyPlanispreparedbasedontheplanformulatedby

the districts and subsequently jelled into provincial plan. Therefore, preparation of

comprehensiveandall‐encompassingDistrictMonsoonContingencyPlanisveryimportant.

Requirement2

4. ASDDMA,keepinginviewthemajorconclusiondrawnfromPMDseasonaloutlook

andriskassessment carriedoutbyyoursyndicate; formulateacontingencyplan foryour

respectivedistricts.Followingaspectsmaybecoveredindetail:‐

Expectednoofpopulationtobesettledincamps


151

Safercampsitesforeachareaandrequirementforfood,shelter(tents),WASH

andhealthrelateditems.

Mechanismforeffectivecoordinationwithinthedistrictwithallstakeholdersand

withoutsideagencies.

Responsibilitiesofmajorstakeholders.

Saferstoragesitesforreliefstore.



SimulationOnly


152

SimulatedTime : 30thJul2017 IssuedTo:DistrictSyndicates

ActualTime : 14thSep2016Narrative3

1. Afteranextendedperiodofswelteringheat,whichhasledtoincreasedsnowmeltsinthe

glaciated areas, rains have started in most parts of the country and in neighboring

Afghanistan.Theserainsarecontinuingwithoutinterruption.Heavyrainsarealsobeing

experiencedinthecatchmentareas.Earthquaketremorshavebeenexperiencedinsome

areasofGB,KPandAJ&KandalsoseparatelyinareasneartheMakranCoast.

2. Agravesituationhasdevelopedwherebyacombinationofvariousdisastershasbeen

experiencedacrossthecountryincludingearthquake,landslides,floodsandflashfloods.

By30Julat1000hrsthesituationinyourdistrictisasfollows:‐

MirpurDistrict

DuetoheavyrainsandsnowmeltwaterinflowinRiverJhelumincreasedwhichled

toswellingoutofriver.UCAfzalpurhasbeeninundatedeffectingaroundthousand

peopleoftheareawhichneedsevacuationandreliefsupport.

AspertheSOPsManglaDamwasfilledtoitsoptimumhoweverduetoheavyrains

andsnowmeltintheupperpartofthecountrylikelihoodofhugequantityofwateris

expectedinManglaDam.WAPDAauthoritieshavedecidedtoreleasewaterthrough

spillways.Thissituationislikelytoeffecttheremarkablenumberofpopulationfor

whichearlyplanningandexecutionbytheDDMAisveryessential.

Requirement3

3. As DDMA of respective districts give your assessment of the situation covering

following:‐

Responsetotheprevailingsituation

Impendingchallenges

AnyassistancerequiredfromPDMA.



SimulationOnly


153


ActualTime : 14thSep2016Narrative4









BhimberDistrict

AhugelandslidetriggerednearJandichontraduetoearthquakejolts,resultantlyroad

Bhimber‐Samanihasbeenblocked.Nomovementispossibleinnearfuture,aswork

assessmentisstillbeingdonebyC&Wdepartment.

Due to heavy rains inflow in Bhimber Nala has increasedmanifold, due towhich

Bhimbercityisunderthreat.

IntenseIndianfiringinKhanjarCentercontinuingsincenumberofdaysduetowhich

populationofNihalaandChhaicannotsustainintheirearsandrequiredimmediate

attention.

Requirement3

3. As DDMA of respective districts give your assessment of the situation coveringfollowing:‐

Responsetotheprevailingsituation Impendingchallenges AnyassistancerequiredfromPDMA.



SimulationOnly


154


ActualTime : 14thSep,2016

Narrative5









KotliDistrict

Duetoheavyrains flash flooding inTattaPanihasoccurred,due towhichareasof

TattaPani,Sarda,ThalairandMandihavebeeneffectedapproximately600peoples

havebeeneffectedandneedevacuationandrelief.

DuetoearthquakejoltsconsiderabledamagesinKarjaaihasbeenreportedasperthe

information sizeable number of peoples are under threat awaiting government

response.

Requirement3

3. As DDMA of respective districts give your assessment of the situation covering

following:‐

Responsetotheprevailingsituation

Impendingchallenges

AnyassistancerequiredfromPDMA.



SimulationOnly


155

SimulatedTime : 15thSeptember2016 IssuedTo:DistrictSyndicates

ActualTime : 14thSep,2016

Narrative6

1. Variouschallengingsituationshavebeenmanagedbythe localGovernments fairly

well. Rescue &relief operation is about to be completed. All the districts have suffered

considerable losses of human lives, houses, livelihood sources, agriculture and livestock.

PrimeMinisterhasannouncedcompensationpackageforallaffectees.

2. Comprehensive policy and accurate damage/loss assessment by your respective

districtswillfacilitatedistributionofcompensation.Thiswillnotonlyhelptoalleviatethe

sufferingoftheaffecteesbutwillalsoensuretransparency.Localandnationalmediahowever

isreportingnegativelyagainstthegovernmentresponse.Tocurbthisfactoreffectivemedia

handling during all the phases of the response is very essential and must be given due

importance.

Requirement4

3. AsDDMAofrespectivedistrictsgiveyourresponseonfollowing:‐

Parametersofassessmentandpreparedamagesandlossesreportasperthe

giventemplate.

Mediahandlingplan/SOPofthedistrict.



SimulationOnly


156

ImportantContactNumbers

Sr. Designation ContactNumber

1 SecretarySDMA/CivilDefence 058229215362 SecretaryPlanning&Development 058229219923 SecretarySERRA/DGSERRA 058229213274 SecretaryHealth 058229219005 SecretaryBoardofRevenue 058229214136 CommissionerMuzaffarabad 058229200977 CommissionerMirpur 058279212668 CommissionerPoonch 058249200509 CommissionerManglaDam 0582792120010 DeputyCommissionerMuzaffarabad 0582292005511 DeputyCommissionerJhelumValley 92260712 DeputyCommissionerNeelum 0582192000113 DeputyCommissionerMirpur 0582792127014 DeputyCommissionerKotli 05826920163‐415 DeputyCommissionerBhimber 0582892022016 DeputyCommissionerPoonch 0582492005217 DeputyCommissionerSudhnoti 0582592001118 DeputyCommissionerHaveli(Kahuta) 0582392170819 DeputyCommissionerBagh 0582392004620 SeniorSuperintendentPoliceMuzaffarabad 0582293000621 SuperintendentPoliceJhelumValley 93260322 SuperintendentPoliceNeelum 0582193000123 SeniorSuperintendentPoliceMirpur 0582793000024 SuperintendentPoliceKotli 0582693020825 SuperintendentPoliceBhimber 0582893000626 SuperintendentPolicePoonch 0582493000127 SuperintendentPoliceSudhnoti 0582593000028 SuperintendentPoliceHaveli(Kahuta) 0582393170029 SuperintendentPoliceBagh 05823930000


157

AzadJammu&KashmirDisasterManagementAct,2008


158


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170

PictorialViewofConsultationProcess

MeetingwithMr.EhsanKhalidKiyani,SMBR/PrincipalSecretarytoPrimeMinisterAJKandCh.LiaqatHussain,SecretaryS&GAD

MeetingwithMr.AbidHussainGillani,SecretaryC&WAJK

MeetingwithDr.ShelaWaqar,SecretaryAgricultureAJKMeetingwithMr.SharifDar,ChiefEngineer,RoadsNorth


171

MeetingwithDr.Rustam,UniversityofAJK

MeetingwithMr.TasudaqGardezi,ChiefEngineer,CentralDesignOffice

MeetingwithSardarM.IshaqKhan,ChiefEngineer,BuildingSouth

MeetingwithDr.Basharat,UniversityofAJK


172

MeetingwithPRCS,AJK

MeetingwithMr.MushtaqPirzada,DirectorLandUsePlanning MeetingwithMr.Basharat,ChiefEngineer,Irrigation

MeetingwithMr.Zafar,Director,ElectricityDepartment


173

PictorialViewofConsultation&ValidationWorkshop


174


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