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What’s the problem?
• There is a reproduction of social
background and gender in the labor
market
• Gender division of labor
• In Swedish politics this is seen as a
problem and linked to social injustice
and to difficulties to fill competence
gaps in the labor market
• HOW CAN SCHOOLS AND CAREER
GUIDANCE WORK FOR CHANGE?
Gender
division of
labor
• The 30 largest
occupations in
Sweden 2014
• (SCB: På tal om kvinnor och
män 2016)
Women Men
Karin Ehrnberger Design researcher
• Products directed towards boys shall express courage and strength
• Products directed towards girls shall be subtle and decorative
Genus
• Kön är socialt och kulturellt konstruerat- inte
kopplat till biologiska förutsättningar
• Föreställningar, idéer och handlingar som
formar det vi uppfattar som ”kvinnligt” och
”manligt”
• Föränderligt genom tid och rum, något vi
(åter)skapar och omförhandlar
• Genus blir ofta synligt när någon bryter mot
vad vi förväntar oss – ex när en kille bär kjol
eller en kvinna arbetar på ett bygge
- Genus är en relationell kategori (vana att
tänka i två och i motsatspar)
• Norm criticism is both a way of analysing
and understanding norms and power
structures as well as a tool for
challenging and dismantling norms.
• By using norm criticism one can raise
awareness of the privileges, power
imbalances and exclusion that some
norms create.
• It can also be a way to challenge power
structures and combating
marginalisation of groups in society.
Norm critisism
Norms in Career Guidance and Counseling
- is about possible futures:
What is a good work/occupation?
Masculinity, femininity and work
What’s a good life?
Heterosexuality, marriage and roles in families
Employability - Who is employable?
Norms about education
What do you see as a good job?
What is a good life?
How is it presented in schools?
What is Norm Critisism in Career
Guidance?
Challenging what is taken for granted
See your own norms and values – what norms do you express when talking
about working life and future life with children?
Be aware that we are all co-constructors of norms – and masculinity and
femininity
Work to make norm and values visible so that they can be challenged
Be aware that language reproduces norms
Pay attention to who is visible in different examples and materials
Its about doing norm criticism/ social justice, not just talking about it
Its an ongoing reflexive job where you constantly look critically at yourself,
your relationships and actions.
Mess with norms
“It is difficult for career
counselors to challenge
notions of gender when
pupils comes the first
time in ninth grade”
Career counselor in
elementary school
I think I’m making more
jokes with the boys than I do
with the
girls that I counsel.
Why should career guidance personnel and
teachers work with these questions?
• Ethical rules in career
guidance
• Social justice
• Politics and policy
Startsida
Din presentation
Thank you for considering!
Senior Lecturer, PhD, Frida Wikstrand
Malmö University
[email protected]://www.skolverket.se/om-skolverket/publikationer/visa-enskild-
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