STARTER

•What was the Navigation Acts and what were the results of this act?

Great Awakening and The French and Indian

War

The Great Awakening 1730-1740 gave colonists a shared national religious experience

Reasons for The Great Awakening

• People felt that religion was dry, dull and distant, church membership declined• Preachers felt that people

needed to be concerned with inner emotions as opposed to outward religious behavior

George Whitefield

• Puritan Minster who used raw emotional sermons to reach all classes of colonists• Preached that “good works” and

“godly lives” would bring you salvation• Forced to give sermons in open

areas (revivals)• The Revivals was known as the

Great Awakening 1740’s and 1750’s

Jonathan Edwards

• A Puritan Minister• Preached that church attendance was

not enough for salvation; people must acknowledge their sins and feel God’s love for them.• Terrified listeners with his sermon

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Outcomes of the Great Awakening

Birth of deep religious convictions in the colonies

New churches built to accommodate new members

Colleges founded found to train new ministers

Outcomes of the Great Awakening

• Encouraged ideas of equality and right to challenge authority• Birth of charity and

charitable organizations• Brought many colonists,

Native Americans, African Americans into organized Christian Churches for the first time.

The French and Indian War

STARTER

• What were the underlying causes of the Salem witch hunts in 1692? (Hint p.82)

Answer

• The strict limitations on women’s roles, combined with social tensions, the strained relationship with the Native Americans, and religious fanaticism lay behind the witch hunts.

Chief Pontiac (Chief of the Ottawa)

• “These lakes these woods and mountains were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance and we will part with them to no one … You ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us in these spacious lakes and on the woody mountains”

The French and Indian War • 1682 – Robert Caveliar, Sieur de La Salle, claimed the Mississippi Valley for

France, naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV (14th).• Virginia had granted 200,000 acres of land in the Ohio valley area to a group of

wealthy planters.• Virginia governor sent a militia to evict the French.• The war that raged in North America from 1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger

struggle between France and England, known as the Seven Years’ War• Most Native American Indians fought on the side of the French• Although few did fight on the side of the English• The war began when the English became alarmed at the Forts being built by

the French in the Ohio River Valley and George Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity• So the English sent General Edward Braddock commander in chief of the

British forces to America to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley

The French and Indian WarBraddock Marches to Duquesne

• June 1755: Braddock sets out from Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated British troops and a smaller number of blue-coated colonial militias including George Washington as one of his aids• Braddock’s army took several weeks to trek through

dense forest to Fort Duquesne • They marched in columns and rows, and took time

out everyday to sit and have tea

The French and Indian WarBraddock Marches to Duquesne

• July 9, 1755: Native American Warriors and French troops ambushed Braddock and his men• The French and Native Americans hid behind trees

and fired at the bright uniforms of the British• The British confused and frightened could not even

see their attackers• The British lost badly loosing nearly 1,000 soldiers

including their Commander in Chief General Edward Braddock • British Lose to French and Indians During March to

Duquesne

The French and Indian War• 1756: The fighting in America leads to the start of a

war in Europe between the French and English known as the Seven Years War• The first years of the war went terrible for the British

and their American colonies• The French captured several British forts including

forts at Lake Ontario and Lake George• Frances Native American allies began staging raids on

frontier farms from New York to what is now West Virginia• They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and crops,

and chased many families back to the coast

French and Indian WarPitt Takes Charge

• Appointed by King George II• After William Pitt comes to power as secretary of state and then as prime

minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war begins to turn in favor of the British • William Pitt was an outstanding military commander who knew how to pick

skilled commanders and oversaw the war effort from London• To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt decided to pay for the war • However he ran up a huge debt and would raise colonist taxes after the French

and Indian War

French and Indian WarThe British Under Pitt

• Pitt intended to conquer French Canada• To do so he sent British troops to North America under the

command of officers Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe• 1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured the fortress at Louisbourg• That same year British officers captured Fort Frontenac at Lake

Ontario, and recaptured Fort Duquesne (renaming it Fort Pitt)

The French and Indian War The Battle of Quebec

• September 1759: British general James Wolfe finds a way to attack the capital of New France Quebec• Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St. Lawrence River the

capital was thought of as impossible to attack• A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up the back of

the cliff• Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the path and

scrambled up it at night• They waited outside the fort on a field called the Plains of

Abraham• Here they surprised and defeated the French Army• James Wolfe died in the battle

The French and Indian WarThe Treaty of Paris • After the fall of Quebec a year later the French took another

devastating loss when General Amherst captured Montreal• This brought an end to the fighting in North American• 1763: The Treaty of Paris • France is permitted to keep some sugar producing islands in

the West Indies • England receives Canada and most of Frances islands east of

the Mississippi River, England also receives Florida from Frances ally Spain• Spain receives French land West of the Mississippi River (the

Louisiana Territory) as well as the port of New Orleans

The French and Indian WarThe Treaty of Paris

• 1763: The Treaty of Paris marked the end of France as a power in North America• The continent was now divided between Great Britain

and Spain with the Mississippi River marking the boundary• Native Americans still living on the lands and were not

given a section of it by the European agreement

Trouble on the Frontier After the French and Indian War

• The British victory over the French was a devastating blow to the Native Americans of the Ohio River valley• They had lost their French allies and trading partners• They began to trade with the British but saw them as

enemies• The British raised prices of traded goods and unlike

the French refused to pay Native Americans for the use of their land• Worst of all, British settlers began moving into the

valleys west of Pennsylvania

Pontiac’s War • Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa village near Detroit• He recognized that the British settlers threatened the Native American way of

life• Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight

the British• Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the Great Lake region• Summer 1763: The alliance of Native Americans kill settlers in Western PA and

Virginia• These raids became known as Pontiac’s War• 1765: The Native Americans were defeated by the British• July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace treaty and was pardoned by the British

The Proclamation of 1763• To prevent more fighting King George halted settler’s westward expansion• In the Proclamation of 1763 the Appalachian Mountains were the temporary

western boundary for the colonies• This angered many colonists who were already living in the area, or who have

recently purchased land in the area• These colonists land claims were now not recognized • The Proclamation of 1763 created friction between the colonies and Great

Britain

Effects of the French and Indian War

Britain doubled its debt.George Grenville, appointed by King George III, became prime

minister in 1763.Grenville believed colonist were smuggling goods into the country

and he prompted Parliament to enact the Sugar Act in 1764.The debt from the French-Indian War caused the English Parliament

to impose a series of taxes on the colonists: Sugar Act and Stamp Act.

13 Colonies Project You will be creating a poster advertising for one of the thirteen North American colonies located in New England, the Middle,

or the Southern colonies. You must create your poster from a colonist’s perspective. You may choose any colony you want. You may work with one partner, or by yourself. The written part of your poster or brochure must have the following three parts:

1. Identify the colony, who its leaders are, and the geography of the colony (including a map)2. Explain why the colony was started and describe the economics of the colony (how it makes its money)3. Use persuasive writing to encourage Europeans to come to your colony You also must fill out the colony fact sheet. If you are working with a partner each member must turn in his or her own fact

sheet. Please use complete sentences when answering the questions. The final part of this project is presenting your colony to the class. Your job is to pretend you are a colonist and tell us all

about your colony and persuade us to come live there. You will have some class time to do this project. If you do not finish in class you must finish the project out of class on your own time.