Starter

• What is the difference between an addition and condensation polymer?

• Write an equation for the polymerisation of two molecules of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, HOOCCH2CH2OH

Addition Polymerisation

L.O.:•Compare condensation polymerisation with addition polymerisation.

•Suggest the type of polymerisation from a given monomer or pair of monomers, or a given section of a polymer molecule.

•Identify the monomer(s) required to form a given section of a polymer (and vice versa).

Q10 Polymers: Thursday 10/11/2011

EOMT 1.2 Tuesday 15/11/2011

Addition polymerisation of an alkene

Propene monomers forming poly(propene)

POLYMERISATION OF ALKENESPOLYMERISATION OF ALKENES

SPOTTING THE MONOMER

L.O.:

• Describe the acid and base hydrolysis of polyesters and polyamides.

• Outline the role of chemists in the development of degradable polymers.

• Explain that condensation polymers may be photodegradable and may be hydrolysed.

Breaking down condensation polymers

Biodegradable polymer is a polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water.

A degradable polymer: is a polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments, when exposed to light, heat or moisture.

Acid and base hydrolysis of the polyester Terylene

Acid and base hydrolysis of the polyamide nylon-6,6

LO: Identify the functional groups in an aliphatic

molecule containing several functional groups.

Predict properties and reactions of aliphatic molecules containing several functional groups.

Devise multi-stage synthetic routes for preparing aliphatic organic compounds.

Organic synthesis of aliphatic compounds

Synthesis of 3-aminopropan-1-ol from 3 chloropropanal

Converting the aldehyde group to an alcohol functional group

Conversion of the halogenoalkane to the amine

Some important aromatic reactions

Week 9

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Structures of benzene and 3-chloronitrobenzene

Week 9

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Converting benzene into nitrobenzene

Week 9

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Chlorination of an aromatic ring

Week 9

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• Explain that the synthesis of pharmaceuticals often requires the production of a single optical isomer.

• Explain that synthetic molecules often contain a mixture of optical isomers, whereas natural molecules often have only one optical isomer.

• Explain that the synthesis of a pharmaceutical that is a single optical isomer increases costs, reduces side effects and improves pharmacological activity.

• Describe strategies for the synthesis of a pharmaceutical with a single optical isomer.

Week 9

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Stereoisomers of thalidomide

Week 9

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Pharmacological activity depends on whether or not a drug can interact with a receptor site in a biological system.

Week 9

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Structure of ibuprofen, used in many medicines to relieve pain