StarBand Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins one end of an RG-6 cable to the LNB and the other end to the LNB connection on the meter. ... Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins StarBand

©2004-2013, Mobile

StarBand® Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins

September 15, 2013

InternetSatellite.com StarBand® Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins 1

IntroductionThe StarBand® Field Service Bulletin (FSB) is an alert bulletin developed by StarBand® engineering, to communicate a known defect or change, which may affect installation or service. It consists of the symptom, cause, and a brief description of the problem, with the accompanying resolution. Many of the FSBs contain useful troubleshooting information.

The Maintenance Bulletin (MB) outlines procedures for replacement of specific VSAT components.

Field Service Bulletins (FSBs)FSBs which are not relevant for mobile StarBand® users are not included in this document. However, they are still available on the StarBand.com web site, as follows:

1 Go to the training web site, http://training.starband.com.

2 Click on Installation, on the right.

3 Click on “5. Where can I locate the FSBs and MBs?”.

You will see the page shown above. Scroll down and click to link to the FSB of interest.

2 StarBand® Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins StarBand® Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins ©2004-2013,

http://training.starband.com

Available FSBsIn the following table, all available FSBs are listed. The last column indicates whether or not the FSB is included in this document. An “X” indicates it is. “NA” means that it is not applicable or included. The FSBs appear immediately after the table.

Table A-1: Available StarBand® Field Service Bulletins (FSBs)

75E Antenna Elevation Correction — SB-0013-1.00

Symptom The elevation reading obtained does not match the actual elevation scale on the 75 cm Elliptical antenna

Possible Cause Elevation scale on antenna is off by approximately 2 degrees from the Point Dish tool reading.

Recommended Action When aligning the antenna, set the initial elevation reading with the value from Point Dish. When sweeping the azimuth to locate the satellite, increase the elevation in one-half degree increments, until the satellite is found and you have peaked the dish for the strongest signal. Example: If the Point Dish elevation reading is 29, it will be closer to 31 degrees when you have located the satellite and peaked the dish.

Field Service Bulletin (FSB) Subject Reference Number Last Updated Included

AMD Processor & USB conflicts (Model 180) SB-0011-1.00 05/03/01 NA

75E Antenna Elevation Correction SB-0013-1.00 05/22/01 X

75E Antenna Torque Specs SB-0014-1.00 06/5/01 X

Line Amplifier Requirements SB-0015-1.01 02/07/02 NA

LNB Troubleshooting SB-0016-1.00 09/13/01 X

75E DBS Kit "SAT-129/T7" Bracket Adjustment SB-0017-1.00 11/09/01 NA

ODU Troubleshooting SB-0018-1.00 12/21/01 X

Antenna Pointing Procedures SB-0019-2.00 02/24/04 X

IFL Troubleshooting SB-0020-1.01 03/19/02 X

Feed/OMT Assembly Troubleshooting SB-0021-1.00 12/21/01 X

Outbound Interference from Radar Detectors SB-0022-1.00 12/21/01 X

OCONUS (Outside Cont. US) Installation Info SB-0023-1.00 12/21/01 NA

Site Parameters Explained (included elsewhere) SB-0024-1.00 01/30/02 NA

Radiation Hazard/Antenna (included elsewhere) SB-0025-1.00 03/19/02 NA

Antenna Roof/Wall Mount Installation SB-0026-1.00 06/17/02 NA

DBS Kit & EchoStar Dish Pro Compatibility SB-0027-1.00 10/30/02 NA

Outbound Signal Quality Measurement SB-0028-1.00 10/30/02 X

CVACS SB-0029-1.02 03/18/04 X

HBR VSAT REQ & UPGRADES SB-0030-2.01 07/17/03 NA

Model 480 Configuration from CD SB-0031-1.01 01/14/04 NA

75E Antenna Repoint (AMC4 to IA7) SB-0032-1.01 11/09/04 NA

©2004-2013, MobileInternetSatellite.com StarBand® Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins 3

75E Antenna Torque Specs — SB-0014-1.00

Symptom Upon inspection, locking bolts on 75E antenna have been found loose in some cases.

Possible Cause Locking bolts for skew, elevation, and/or azimuth are not tightened to proper torque specification.

Recommended Action When installing the StarBand® 75E antenna, please insure that the adjustment locking bolts are tightened to the correct torque specification, after completing installation. A torque wrench is needed. Use the following torque specifications when tightening bolts:

— Skew Locking Bolts (4): 8 Ft-lbs.

— Elevation Locking and Pivot Bolts (2 ea.): 12 Ft-lbs.

— Azimuth Clamp Bolts (3): 12 Ft-lbs.


LNB Troubleshooting — SB-0016-1.00LNBs are used in the VSAT receive path, to provide amplification and frequency translation from KU-Band (11.7 to 12.2 GHz domestically) to L-Band (950 to 1450 MHz). The outbound signal is transmitted from the LNB output to the InDoor Unit (IDU) via the VSAT Receive (Rx) IFL.

Symptom StarBand® VSAT Receive Signal Problems, exhibited in reduced or no receive signal from the LNB. VSAT receive signal levels may be insufficient for the modem to obtain receive lock, or they may be absent altogether. The antenna should be peaked and the desired transmit polarization confirmed. Weak signals could indicate the antenna is not pointed to the right satellite, but could also be associated with wrong skew angle settings or line-of-sight problems

Recommended Action If the LNB is believed to be defective, replace it with an available spare. If the spare LNB resolves the problem, then the old LNB can be returned. If no spare LNB is available, verify the LNB is receiving a voltage from the IDU using a Volt-Ohm Meter (VOM). Connect one end of an RG-6 cable to the LNB and the other end to the LNB connection on the meter. The received voltage at the LNB should read between 15V and 24V DC. You can also test the LNB for current in milliamps (mA),


which should read at least 100 mA DC. Due to fluctuations and inaccuracy of the meter, a slightly lower reading (2-5 mA lower) may be noticed, but would still indicate a functioning LNB.

If both the voltage and current tests indicate there are no problems with the LNB, use the following troubleshooting steps to determine if the antenna was properly installed:

Table A-2: Additional Troubleshooting Steps - Voltage and Current is OK

If any of the items in Table A-2 cannot be verified, the suggested corrective measures should be considered. If the problem persists, do the following:

Table A-3: Additional Troubleshooting Steps - Still a Problem after Table A-2 Steps

Verify that… If not, then…A clear line of sight to the satellite exists by confirming no trees, buildings or other structures are in the way

Consider alternative locations for the antenna.

The antenna is installed on a mast that is plumb Correct the problem before continuing.The antenna was pointed using the correct skew, elevation, and azimuth angles provided by Point Dish for the particular location. (Keep in mind the elevation angle may have to be increased by 1 - 2 degrees to compensate for the elevation scale error on the 75E.)

Using Point Dish, provide the correct angles to the installer and verify the settings on the antenna.

The polarizer is rotated to the proper orientation, i.e., vertical or horizontal transmit.

Determine what the correct polarization is based on the assigned satellite and transponder. Then, confirm the “H” or “V” on the polarizer is pointed to “0”.

All skew, elevation and azimuth bolts are securely fastened and the feed support arm is mounted properly to the antenna.

Tighten all bolts as described in the installation manual. The feed support arm should be firmly bolted to the bottom of the antenna.

The Rx and Tx IFL cables are properly connected and are not accidentally crossed.

Take the necessary corrective action.

The Rx and Tx IFL cables are less than 100’ each. Add line amps as necessary.

The IDU is turned on. Turn the IDU on.

Verify that… If not, then…The LNB has no signs of visual damage. Replace the LNB with a spare.

Weather related conditions, either at the customer’s site or at the Hub, are not causing the problem.

Wait for the weather to clear and re-check the status.

There are no significant sources of interference, e.g., from personal radar detectors in nearby cars or cell towers, that may be causing the problem.

Ask the owner to turn the radar detector off or consider moving the antenna to another location to avoid cell tower interference.

For CONUS installations, the LNB supplied with the 75E is being used. For OCONUS installations in Alaska and the Caribbean that require 1.2 meter antennas, the LNB should have a noise figure of 0.6 dB or better, i.e., 0.6 or less, stamped on the label.

Consult with the RF Engineering group for guidance on the proper LNB to use.

The rubber O-ring is in place at the flange of the LNB. Missing or crimped O-rings can allow water to penetrate the Transmit Reject Filter, OMT and feed assembly, diminishing the receive signal strength.

Remove any water present in the Transmit Reject Filter, OMT and feed and replace a missing or damaged O-ring before re-attaching the LNB.


If you are still experiencing a problem with a low Signal Strength reading (below 5.0), perform the following:

For Sites with LNB Model Number NJR2544HWN:

Check the LNB for the following model number: NJR2544HWN. If another LNB model number is used, proceed to the instructions for sites with LNBs other than NJR2544HWN, below. Otherwise, continue with the following steps:

Step 1 If using the NJR2544HWN LNB, remove the LNB and external Transmit Reject Filter (TRF) which the LNB bolts to. This is shown in the previous figure, on the left. This requires loosening eight screws.

Step 2 Look for the presence of a white circular sticker covering the opening of the LNB waveguide (end which was fastened to the TRF). If present carefully remove this sticker and try to remove any residual glue that may have been used to secure it. Be sure no foreign objects fall into the LNB waveguide cavity.

Step 3 Reattach the LNB to the OMT assembly, taking care to insure the rubber O-ring stays in place. (See the right side of the previous figure.)

Step 4 Re-check the Signal Strength reading. If the reading is acceptable, proceed with the rest of the installation. Retain the TRF and keep it in a safe place, in case the LNB is ever replaced with a model other than the NJR2544HWN.

Caution Perform the above procedure ONLY on LNB ModelNJR2544HWN.

For Sites with LNB Model Numbers Other Than NJR2544HWN:

Step 1 Remove the LNB from the antenna.

Step 2 Look for the presence of a white circular sticker covering the opening of the LNB waveguide cavity. This is at the end that is fastened to the antenna with four screws. If present, carefully remove this sticker and try to remove any residual glue that may have been used to secure it. Be sure no foreign objects fall into the waveguide cavity.

Step 3 Reattach the LNB to the OMT assembly, taking care to insure the rubber O-ring stays in place.

Step 4 Re-check the Signal Strength reading. If the reading is acceptable, proceed with the rest of the installation.


Outdoor Unit (ODU) Troubleshooting — SB-0018-1.00The ODU, also called the HPC and the transmitter, is used to frequency translate and power amplify inbound signals from the Indoor Unit (IDU) and output them to the antenna, for transmission to the satellite. The IDU sends the inbound signal to the ODU via the transmit IFL, at an L-Band frequency. The ODU frequency converts this to the transmit KU-Band frequency and power amplifies the signal, to operate the ODU at a nominal one-watt saturated output power (maximum power). The ODU is powered from the IDU, via a DC power supply coupled on the coaxial RF output connector that is connected to the transmit IFL cable.

Symptom The VSAT has receive lock but it cannot connect with the Hub or has significantly reduced transmit signal performance. This is indicated by a low co-pol and/or a high cross-pol measurement.

Possible Cause This can be caused by any of the following: Incorrect site parameters, ODU failure, transmit IFL failure (see FSB SB-0020), incorrect antenna pointing (see FSB SB-0019), or water inside the feed/OMT assembly (see FSB SB-0021).

Recommended Action You will need a multimeter (i.e., a Fluke 77), a Type F/male-male coaxial adapter, and basic installer hand tools, such as a metric socket set, metric wrenches, and a Phillips head screw driver. Because the test equipment required to


thoroughly test an ODU is very expensive, such as a KU-Band spectrum analyzer, failures of the other VSAT system components will be checked first. Follow the procedures to determine if the ODU or other component is the source of the problem. Repair ODU problems in accordance with StarBand® Maintenance Bulletin MB-0002.

Caution For radiation hazard concerns stay at least two feet away from the antenna feed if the IDU is powered on for ODU testing.

Preliminary Testing Check satellite modem LED status -The CON/ON-LINE, SYN and Rx LEDs should be on. If they are not, check the LNB, receive IFL and satellite modem DC voltage output. It should nominally be 18 V DC, from the RF-In connector. If these LEDs are not on, see FSB SB-00016 (LNB), FSB SB-0019 (antenna pointing), and FSB SB-0020 (IFL), on how to determine the problem.

Check the satellite modem site parameters - The correct parameters may be obtained from CVACS, for verification in Mission Control. An incorrect zip code can cause a satellite delay parameter error, which will not allow the VSAT to link connect to the Hub.

Physical InspectionPerform a physical inspection of the ODU, transmit IFL, feed/OMT assembly, and antenna to verify there is no physical damage. Verify the transmit IFL is functional and within the specified maximum length (see FSB SB-0020) and check for moisture in the feed/OMT (see FSB SB-0021). Replace damaged components according to the appropriate StarBand® Maintenance Bulletin (MB).

Satellite Modem Output Voltage and Transmit IFL CableRemove the transmit IFL cable from the ODU Type F connector. Set the multimeter to measure DC voltage. If a range must be selected on the multimeter, the maximum should be at least 24 V DC.

Caution When measuring the DC voltage from the satellite modem, care must be taken not to short the center conductor to the outer conductor, as this will not provide an accurate DC voltage measurement. It can potentially damage the satellite modem.

Measure the DC voltage supplied by the satellite modem at the ODU end of the transmit IFL. This should be between 13 and 24 V DC. If it is outside of the specified range, remove the transmit IFL cable from the satellite modem RF-Out Type F connector and test the DC voltage output of the satellite modem. The RF-Out DC voltage must be between 22 and 24 V DC. If it is out of this range, replace the satellite modem. If it is within the range, check the transmit IFL cable for opens, shorts, or kinks, according to FSB SB-0020.


Caution Do not use a DigiSat II meter to measure the RF-Out voltage. The DigiSat II is only rated to 18 V DC and will be damaged by the greater voltages that are present on this connector.

Test for ODU Input ShortWith the transmit IFL cable removed from the ODU Type F connector, set the multimeter to measure resistance in ohms and measure the resistance from the center conductor of the ODU to the outer shield. This should be an open, with the multimeter display showing OL (for OverLoad, meaning too high of a resistance to measure). If the display shows a low resistance value (i.e., less than one ohm), there is a short in the ODU. It has failed and must be replaced according to StarBand® Maintenance Bulletin MB-0002.

Caution Since it may be difficult to connect the multimeter red probe to the Type F/female connector center conductor, install a Type F/male-male connector adapter on the Type F/female connector, to measure the DC voltage.

Co-pol / Cross-pol TestTo perform a co-pol/cross-pol check, the satellite modem must have the CON/ON-LINE, SYN and Rx LEDs illuminated and the transmit IFL connecting the ODU and satellite modem, in its normal configuration.

Call CVACS and select the option to request a co-pol and cross-pol check of the VSAT. Possible results and what each indicates are as follows:

• If both co-pol and cross-pol measurements are within specifications, terminate the test and power cycle the satellite modem, while viewing the LEDs. The modem LEDs will go through two self-test sequences, then the Rx and SYN LEDs will come on. Watch for the Tx LED to flash once or twice. If the Tx LED flashed, but the VSAT did not link connect with the Hub, then the most likely problem is an incorrect parameter value. The site parameters (VSAT ID, cluster, and subcluster) should be re-checked. It is also possible, though less likely, that the ODU has a failure, which could not be detected in the co-pol/cross-pol tests. If the Tx LED did not flash, then the satellite modem is most likely the source of the problem and should be replaced.

• If the satellite modem LEDs started flashing when the test was attempted, but the test could not be conducted, there is probably a short in the transmit IFL or in the ODU. Recheck the IFL and ODU for shorts, with the multimeter (see FSB SB-0020).

• If the co-pol was low and the cross-pol was high (both out-of-spec), the problem is most likely an antenna pointing problem (see FSB SB-0019).

• If the co-pol was low (out-of-spec) and the cross-pol was in-spec, then the ODU has most likely failed and should be replaced (see MB-0002).


Antenna Pointing Procedures — SB-0019-2.00This FSB provides the proper methods for locating the assigned StarBand® satellite and peaking the VSAT antenna, to optimize StarBand’s high-speed Internet access service. Incorrect antenna pointing can result in degraded service and interference affecting the StarBand® customer, as well as other satellite users. This bulletin applies to StarBand® 75E antennas in the continental US (CONUS).

Recommended Action Follow this procedure to help locate the assigned satellite, set the polarization, and peak the antenna for optimal link performance:

Step 1 Checking for Line-of-Sight - With the pointing angles determined, choose an antenna location with clear line-of-sight to the assigned StarBand® satellite.

Step 2 Installing the Mount - When setting up the tripod mount for a 75E antenna, the mast must be perfectly plumb. A plumb mast is critical for proper antenna pointing and cross-pol performance. If the mast is not plumb, aligning the antenna for peak performance is more difficult and could result in cross-pol problems.


Antenna Pointing Procedures (continued)Step 3 Antenna Assembly - Set the 75E antenna elevation and skew to the values

obtained from Point Dish. See the figure on the previous page, for an illustration of how to set the elevation angle. Tighten the skew locking bolts (4) to a torque of 8 ft-lbs. Check the LNB model number. If it is “NJR2544HWN”, the transmit reject filter (TRF) should be removed, as this LNB has an internal TRF. Regardless of the LNB model, remove the four screws from the LNB waveguide input. Check the LNB for a white sticker on the waveguide end and remove it, if present. More information on this step can be found in FSB SB-0016.

Step 4 Set the transmit polarization to “V” or “H” on the feed/OMT assembly, as assigned. Be aware that the transmit polarization assignment may vary from site to site on the same satellite, due to multiple cluster implementations per satellite. Install the feed arm on the reflector and then install the antenna assembly on the mast.


Antenna Pointing Procedures (continued)Step 5 Connect the Signal Strength Meter - Connect the receive signal strength meter

to the LNB Type F coaxial output, as shown in the figure on the previous page. If the meter is self powered, do not connect the RF-In cable from the modem yet. If the device is not self-powered, you will need the receive IFL cable connected to the modem’s RF-In port, to power the LNB.

Caution Due to the potential for interference caused by VSAT transmissions, the 75E antenna must be peaked using the satellite providing StarBand® service. Failure to do so can cause misalignment with the assigned StarBand® satellite and generate cross-pol interference.

Step 6 Locating the StarBand® Satellite - Use a compass to determine the general direction to the StarBand® satellite and point the antenna in this direction. Slowly move the antenna in azimuth, approximately 5 to 10 degrees in one direction and then the other, until a satellite is located. The above diagram show a typical setup, when the setup is complete and a call to CVACS is made, to verify proper alignment.


Important Once the general direction of the StarBand® satellite is found, the skew must be set to the assigned value, to ensure maximum adjacent satellite isolation, for interference avoidance purposes, per FCC regulations.

Step 7 If no satellite is found, increase the elevation approximately one degree and move the antenna again in azimuth, to locate the satellite. Continue this procedure in one degree elevation increments, until the satellite is located. Once the assigned satellite has been located, obtain the peak signal strength meter reading by making alternating fine adjustments to azimuth and elevation. With the antenna peaked, tighten the Azimuth Clamp Bolts. Start with the center bolt and make it snug. Then, tighten the top and bottom bolts. While tightening the bolts, keep an eye on your signal strength meter, to be sure the signal does not degrade. If degradation occurs, loosen the bolts, re-peak and repeat the tightening procedure, until the signal remains peaked. Next, tighten the two elevation locking bolts and then the two elevation pivot bolts. All elevation and azimuth bolts must be tightened to a torque of 12 ft-lbs.

Step 8 Checking for Correct Satellite - Once the 75E antenna is peaked using the receive signal and all bolts have been tightened to the proper torque, it is necessary to confirm the antenna is peaked on the correct satellite. Connect the receive IFL cable from the LNB to the RF-In port on the satellite modem. Also connect the PC to the modem. For installations with Model 360 satellite modems, the Mission Control software must be installed on the PC and the Model 360 modem must be configured with the correct parameters. With this set-up complete, observe the satellite modem Rx LED. If the antenna is peaked on the correct satellite, this LED will be on, if it is not, the LED will be off.

The Signal Quality parameter is a measurement of the outbound link performance and provides an indication of how well the antenna is peaked. The StarBand® Mission Control application can be used to check the current Signal Quality value. If there is no signal lock, verify that the set-up is correct. If so, return to the antenna and repeat the Locating the StarBand® Satellite section, to peak the antenna on the correct satellite.

Step 9 Alignment Check with CVACS - CVACS is used to confirm the antenna is properly peaked on the assigned StarBand® satellite. Once the antenna is optimally peaked on the receive signal, and the satellite modem is configured with the correct parameters, call CVACS at 1-888-424-4121 for an alignment test. Using CVACS to verify the antenna alignment requires the modem to be on and the Rx, SYN, and CON/ON-LINE LEDs to be illuminated.

Caution Stay at least two feet away from the antenna feed when the VSAT is transmitting – such as during the CVACS co-pol/cross-pol test or normal operation.

Antenna Co-pol Alignment Procedure: The following steps should be followed, when the co-pol value does not meet the


minimum criteria or is marginal. This procedure can also be used with the cross-pol procedure, described next, to help correct the antenna alignment of an existing installation, which has been identified by StarBand® as having excessive cross-pol.

Substep 1 Call CVACS while at the antenna, so that adjustments can be made if needed. Use the CVACS “Antenna Alignment” submenu, to confirm the antenna co-pol and cross-pol alignment criteria have been met. If both the co- and cross-pol criteria are met, you can proceed with Step 10.

Substep 2 If not, verify the polarizer has the “H” or “V” (depending on your satellite assignment) pointed to “0” on the polarizer scale.

Substep 3 While listening to the CVACS co-pol readings from the “Antenna Alignment” submenu, make small adjustments first to the elevation angle, until CVACS reports a peak value. Then make small adjustments to the azimuth angle, until CVACS reports a peak value.

Substep 4 Again use the CVACS “Antenna Alignment” submenu to confirm the antenna co-pol/cross-pol alignment criteria have been met. If the co-pol passes but the cross-pol does not, proceed to the Antenna Cross-pol Reduction Procedure, below. If both criteria are met, proceed with Step 10.

Antenna Cross-pol Reduction Procedure:

If the cross-pol signal is still above the specified minimum, take the following action: While listening to the CVACS cross-pol readings from the “Antenna Alignment” submenu, make small adjustments to the skew angle until CVACS reports a minimum value. At this point the antenna should be properly aligned and all bolts can be tightened to the specified torque, but be careful not to make unwanted changes to the antenna position. If the alignment criteria have been met, proceed with Step 10.

Important Almost all cross-pol problems can be avoided or resolved if the mast is plumb, the polarizer points to “H” or “V” according to your satellite assignment, skew is set to the indicated angle, and the elevation and azimuth angles have been peaked on the receive signal. This last item is very important! If the elevation and azimuth angles are not peaked on the receive signal, the cross-pol signal will not be minimized.

Caution The StarBand® satellite modem must be online and undisturbed for at least five minutes, before completing the installation as described below.

Step 10 With the antenna peaked and bolts tightened to the specified torque, complete the commissioning process by calling CVACS to obtain the confirmation number, using the “Confirmation Number” submenu. CVACS measures the co-pol and cross-pol values again, to verify the antenna is within the specified limits. StarBand® maintains a record of the co-pol and cross-pol measured for each VSAT. CVACS does not accept a site with out-of-specification co-pol or cross-pol readings. All properly installed sites will exceed these specifications.


IFL Troubleshooting — SB-0020-1.01The IFL cables carry the signals to and from the StarBand® 360 satellite modem and the outdoor receive and transmit equipment.

Symptom Reduced performance or no receive and/or transmit signal.

Possible Cause Physical damage to the IFL cable and/or connectors or improper installation, a cable with an open or short circuit, or a kinked cable. An open circuit is a break in the cable, while a short circuit is when the center conductor is in contact with the outer conductor (shorted). Both an open and short circuit will disable the IFL. A kinked cable is one that has been bent in too tight a turn, which can cause the center conductor to deform or break, resulting in an open circuit. A deformed center conductor may not break, but can introduce excessive attenuation (signal loss), which can affect VSAT performance.

Recommended Action You will need a multimeter, such as a Fluke 77, a coaxial adapter (Type F/male-male), and a receive signal strength meter, such as a Digisat III Pro or a spectrum analyzer. Use the following procedures to identify failed IFL components and repair and/or replace them, according to StarBand® Maintenance Bulletin MB-0005.


Physical InspectionCheck the length of IFL cable used. Installations of the StarBand® Model 360™ modem can use up to 140 feet (42 meters) of installer provided dual RG-6 coaxial cable, with Type F/male connectors (Comscope 5786/5787 RG-6 cable and SPC Technology Snap-N-Seal Type F/male connector part number 92N5309 or equivalents - see MB-0005). For installations that require more than 140 feet (Model 360), see FSB SB-0015.

Inspect each connector for damage and/or a loose connection with the coaxial cable and the termination point on the equipment. Coaxial grounding blocks are no longer required for StarBand® installations, unless required by local codes. However, the antenna structure must be grounded in accordance with National Electrical Code (NEC) reqts.

Inspect the exposed sections of the coaxial cable for damage, such as a cut or frayed shield. Look for kinks, which can be produced when the cable is bent greater than the specified bend radius. The bend radius for Commscope 5786 and 5787 cable is shown in Table A-4, below. Kinks can cause attenuation at the VSAT IFL frequency of operation (950-1,450 MHz), while maintaining DC continuity.

Table A-4: Commscope 5786 and 5787 RG-6 Cable Bend Radius Specifications

Bend radius during Installation (Under pull load) 5.6 inches (142 mm)

Bend radius after installation 2.8 inches (71 mm)


DC Continuity Check – Receive IFLThe IFL cable DC continuity can be checked using a multimeter and a functioning satellite modem. To verify the satellite modem is functioning properly, check the voltage at the satellite modem RF-In connector. Set the multimeter to measure DC voltage (V DC). Remove the receive IFL cable from the satellite modem RF-In connector and install the Type F/male-male coaxial adapter.

Caution When measuring the DC voltage from the satellite modem, care must be taken not to short the center conductor to the outer conductor, as this will not provide an accurate DC voltage measurement and can potentially damage the satellite modem.

Place the multimeter's red probe on the center conductor and the black probe on the outer shell of the coaxial adapter. The DC voltage reading should nominally be 18 V DC. After checking this voltage, remove the coaxial adapter and re-install the receive IFL cable on the satellite modem RF-In connector.

Remove the receive IFL cable from the LNB. Place the multimeter's black probe on the IFL connector outer surface and the red probe on the connector center conductor, as shown in the Figure called “IFL With No Open or Short Circuits”. The multimeter


should read between 13 and 18 V DC. If there is no voltage present there is typically an open or short somewhere in the IFL. See the previous two figures, labeled “IFL With an Open Circuit” and “IFL With a Short Circuit”. If there is a short in the IFL, the satellite modem will not function normally. You will be able to see this, if you check the LEDs.

DC Continuity Check – Receive Line AmplifierIf a line amplifier was installed, check the voltage at the input and output of the line amplifier to determine if it has failed. A DC resistance test can be performed, to determine if the IFL has an open or a short. In either case, the IFL must be replaced.

DC Continuity Check – Transmit IFLRemove the transmit IFL cable from the RF-Out connector and install the Type F/male-male coaxial adapter. Place the multimeter's red probe on the center conductor and the black probe on the outer shell of the coaxial adapter. The DC voltage reading should nominally be between 22 and 24 V DC. After checking this voltage, remove the coaxial adapter and re-install the transmit IFL cable on the satellite modem RF-Out connector.

Caution Do not use a DigiSat II to measure the DC voltage of the transmit IFL, as it is only rated to 18 V DC and will be damaged with higher voltages.

Remove the transmit IFL cable from the ODU. Check the DC voltage of the transmit IFL at the ODU end using the multimeter, as described previously with the receive IFL, except the voltage should be between 13 to 24 V DC. If there is no voltage present, there is typically an open circuit, somewhere in the IFL. If there is a short in the IFL, the satellite modem will not function properly.

DC Continuity Check – Transmit Line AmplifierIf a line amplifier was installed, check the voltage at the input and output of the line amplifier to determine if it has failed. A DC resistance test can be performed, to determine if the IFL has an open or a short. In either case, the IFL must be replaced.


DC Resistance CheckIf zero V DC was measured at the end of the transmit and/or receive IFL cable, a DC resistance test can be performed to determine if there is an open or a short circuit in the IFL. Set the multimeter to measure resistance in ohms. Many multimeters can also be set to provide an audible tone, if the probes are shorted. It is suggested that you use this setting, if it is available.

At one end of the IFL cable, install a jumper from the center conductor to the outer conductor shield, as shown in the figures above. At the other end of the IFL, measure the DC resistance. If there is an open circuit, the multimeter will read OL, for overload, meaning the resistance is too high to measure. If there is a short, the multimeter will measure a nominal resistance value from the short. An audible tone will be heard, if the multimeter is set to provide a tone, when a short is measured.


Feed/OMT Assembly Troubleshooting — SB-0021-1.00Damage or moisture can severely reduce the receive and transmit performance.

Symptom Reduced receive and/or transmit signal performance.

Possible Cause Physical damage to feed/OMT, waveguide and/or feed arm. A cracked feedhorn cover, a broken seal and/or missing O-rings can allow water or water vapor (moisture) to collect inside the feed/OMT assembly, the transmit-reject filter (if installed - see FSB SB-0016), the ODU and/or the LNB.

Recommended Action Occasionally the StarBand® antenna receive and/or transmit signals may be reduced, even when the antenna is properly peaked. This can be reflected either in the Signal Quality reading from the satellite modem, lower co-pol, or higher cross-pol measurements. If the feed/OMT requires replacement see StarBand® Maintenance Bulletin MB-0003; if the feed arm requires replacement see MB-0004.

Caution The IDU must be powered down during this procedure, so the VSAT will not transmit while personnel are near the antenna feed.


Physical InspectionPerform a physical inspection on the feed/OMT and the feed arm, for signs of damage. Verify there is no physical damage and that the screws for the ODU and the LNB are properly installed. The torque should be 15 in-lbs. Also check the connection of the feed arm to the reflector bolt. If there is physical damage such as a bent feed arm or a cracked waveguide, the damaged component must be replaced.

Inspection for MoistureCheck the feedhorn cover for the presence of water or condensation build-up inside. Moisture inside the feed/OMT may be caused by cracks in the plastic or a broken seal around the edges, as indicated in the figure above. If any moisture is found, the feed/OMT must be replaced. Check the points illustrated in the figure, for the presence of moisture. A missing or damaged O-ring can also allow moisture penetration. The ODU, LNB, and other waveguide screws may be removed to check the O-ring seals.


Outbound Interference from Radar Detectors — SB-0022-1.00Although rare, it is possible for radar detector devices to cause interference to your StarBand® satellite connection. Troubleshooting for other higher probability problems should be done before investigating radar detectors as the source.

Symptom Intermittent receive lock status or Internet access.

Possible Cause Manufacturers of many commercial radar detectors, used by drivers to detect police radar, employ an internal local oscillator (LO) that leak signals in the KU-Band (11.7- 12.2 GHz), which is used by the StarBand® VSAT to receive outbound transmissions. Since the signals from the distant satellite are relatively weak at the customer's VSAT antenna, as compared to the nearby radar detector signals, this interference can introduce outbound link performance degradation, to the point where the VSAT loses receive lock with the outbound signal. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the VSAT industry, and the radar detector industry are aware of this interference issue and are working to correct the problem. However, it is unlikely that there will be a near term resolution, due to the number of interference producing radar detectors already in the public's hands.


Recommended Action Unless sophisticated RF test equipment is available at the customer's VSAT, such as an Agilent E4411B spectrum analyzer, the process of determining the presence of interference from a radar detector is one of observation and testing.

Identifying an Outbound Reception ProblemFirst, the problem must be isolated to an outbound reception problem. The procedure to follow to determine an outbound reception problem is provided in StarBand® Field Service Bulletin SB-0016, LNB Troubleshooting. Also, SB-0020, IFL Troubleshooting, should be referenced, to determine if the receive IFL is functioning properly. If the outbound problem has been determined to not be associated with the StarBand® antenna, LNB, receive IFL, satellite modem or configuration parameters, the problem could be a radar detector interference problem. Since radar detector problems are rare, it is recommended that the StarBand® VSAT be checked thoroughly first. Outbound problems due to faulty antenna peaking, LNB, IFL, satellite modem or parameters are typically always present, while RF interference problems are usually intermittent.

Search for Active Radar DetectorsTo cause interference, radar detectors must be powered on and near the VSAT antenna, with a clear line-of-sight. At the VSAT antenna, look around in all directions to see if there are vehicles present in the field of view of the VSAT antenna. Since most vehicles are in-route when radar detectors are turned-on, continuous interference from radar detectors is most often due to parked cars with radar detectors left on or a VSAT installation near a busy traffic area.

Spectrum Analyzer Test Set-UpThis test should only be performed if a high quality spectrum analyzer, such as an Agilent E4411B, and a trained RF technician are available. The receive L-Band IFL spectrum can be observed, to determine if radar detector interference is present. Connect the spectrum analyzer as shown in the figure on the previous page and observe the 950-1,450 MHz spectrum, to see if interference is present.

Removing the InterferenceOnce a potential source of radar detector interference has been identified, the source should be turned-off or blocked. Asking the owner of a parked vehicle to turn off their radar detector should be attempted first. In some states, radar detectors are illegal. This can potentially be a volatile issue among neighbors and should be handled with the utmost diplomacy.

Temporary shielding is a more involved effort, as a physical barrier is required between the source and the VSAT, to block the radar detector signals in the 11.7-12.2 GHz band.


Relocation of the StarBand® VSATIf the customer is willing to pay for the additional expense, the StarBand® VSAT can be relocated to a new installation location on their property, which has a clear line-of-sight to the satellite(s) and is blocked from the interference source. For example, if the antenna is installed on a pole mount when experiencing radar detector interference and the roof provides an obstruction from the interference source and has line-of-sight to the satellite(s), the antenna could be relocated at the customer's expense.

Outbound Signal Quality Measurement — SB-0028-1.00The Model 360 IDU (InDoor Unit/modem) measures the receive outbound carrier satellite link performance. The StarBand® Mission Control software installed on the PC displays this measurement as the Signal Quality parameter. The outbound carrier is transmitted from the StarBand® network Hub up to the satellite and then from the satellite down to the customer’s antenna, LNB, IFL, and StarBand® Model 360. The higher the Signal Quality reading at the modem and PC, the better the reception of the outbound carrier. A higher Signal Quality reading will provide better outbound reception and the ability to operate during heavier rain storms, but it will not provide higher download speeds. Signal Quality readings below the minimum values will effect the system performance, which can reduce download speeds.

The minimum acceptable outbound performance values differ, depending on the version of Mission Control and the platform used. Most properly installed systems will be able to achieve a much higher reading than the minimum acceptable values listed:

• Model 360 and Mission Control 2.x: For installations using Mission Control version number 2.x, all StarBand® customers should have a minimum Signal Quality reading of 4.5 dB.

• Model 360 and Mission Control 3.x: Mission Control version number 3.x uses a different method to calculate the Signal Quality parameter, than version number 2.x uses. The reported Signal Quality value in Mission Control 3.x is 0.9 dB higher than in 2.x. Therefore, the minimum Signal Quality reading for systems using Mission Control 3.x is 5.4 dB.

• Model 360 and Mission Control 4.x and 5.x: For installations using Mission Control version number 4.x or 5.x, all StarBand® customers need a minimum Signal Quality reading of 5.0 dB.

For systems that cannot achieve the minimum signal quality, the problem is most likely that the antenna is not properly pointed towards the satellite in azimuth, elevation, skew, and/or polarization axis and/or one or more of the components in the receive path is faulty or not properly installed. If the system has receive lock, allowing the CVACS co-pol/cross-pol test, and the cross-pol test fails, then a likely cause of the low Signal Quality is improper antenna pointing. If both co-pol and cross-pol tests pass, then the problem is likely due to the receive path components, such as a faulty or improperly installed OMT/waveguide assembly, LNB, receive IFL cabling, or Model 360 IDU.


CVACS — SB-0029-1.02The Consumer VSAT Automated Commissioning System (CVACS) is used by certified StarBand® installers, to obtain site specific installation parameters, confirm proper antenna alignment through co-pol and cross-pol measurements, and provide a Confirmation Number for successfully completed installations. Authorized StarBand® installers access CVACS by calling 888-424-4121 and selecting option 2. All new installations must complete the CVACS installation process, to commission the site and enable customer Internet access. The CVACS system can also be used for maintenance purposes, to confirm proper antenna alignment for sites that require a maintenance visit.

Due to CVACS design limitations, 480 Pro accounts assigned to IA7 will be reported in CVACS as Cluster 10; AMC4 assignments will be reported as Cluster 20. The actual assignment for IA7 is Cluster 2 and for AMC4, it is Cluster 4. When configuring the 480 Pro satellite modem, Cluster 2 or Cluster 4 must be entered, for proper installation and operation.

CVACS Menu Structure:

The Main Install Menu is accessed, after a valid installer certification number and site information is entered:

• Installer Certification Number

• Passcode

• Site Number (also known as the Equipment Record Number, ERN, or Z8 number)

CVACS Main Install Menu Structure

1 Site Parameters

— 1. Assignment Parameters

—Sat Modem ID

—Cluster ID

—Sub Cluster ID

—Satellite Location

—Transmit Polarity

—Satellite Delay

— 2. Antenna Pointing Parameters

—Azimuth

—Elevation

—Skew

2 Antenna Alignment Test - This can be used to test antenna pointing accuracy, prior to using Option 3, to complete commissioning and obtain a confirmation number. It is also used for checking re-pointing setups, after moving to a new location. A poorly aligned antenna will not pass the cross-pol test but may pass the co-pol test.


— 1. Alignment Check (both co-pol and cross-pol test)

— 2. Co-Pol Test

— 3. Cross-Pol Test

3 Activate Site/Get Confirmation Number - This performs an automatic test of co-pol and cross-pol that must meet criteria, to finish site commissioning. Antennas properly aligned in azimuth, elevation, skew, and polarization will pass these tests, support good satellite link performance, and ensure that the antenna will not cause interference to other satellite systems.

If the alignment tests are passed:

— CVACS performs an outbound Signal Quality measurement. Signal Quality is also known as Signal-to-Noise, S/N, SNR and Eb/No.

— If the signal quality is also acceptable, CVACS provides a Confirmation Number.

If the alignment tests fail, CVACS will let you return to the Main Install Menu and adjust your co-pol or cross-pol.

4 Finish Later - Selecting this option will terminate the installer’s call to CVACS, by disconnecting the phone connection. This is the correct way to exit CVACS.

Maintenance Bulletins (MBs)The Maintenance Bulletin (MB) outlines procedures for replacement of specific VSAT components. MBs are included in the Installer’s Field Handbook, on the CDROM that came with this manual. They are also available on the StarBand® web site, as follows:

1 Go to the training web site, http://training.starband.com.

2 Click on Installation, on the right.

3 Click on “5. Where can I locate the FSBs and MBs?”.

Scroll down and click to link to the MB of interest.

Available Maintenance Bulletins (MBs)In the following table, all available StarBand® MBs are listed.

Table A-5: StarBand® Maintenance Bulletins

Maintenance Bulletin (MB) Subject Reference Number Last Updated

What is the procedure to replace the LNB? MB-0001-1.00 10/21/01

Failed ODU Replacement MB-0002-1.00 12/21/01

Failed Feed/OMT Replacement MB-0003-1.00 12/21/01

Damaged Feed Arm Replacement MB-0004-1.00 12/21/01

IFL Installation/Replacement MB-0005-1.00 12/21/01


http://training.starband.com


Documents

StarBand Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins one end of an RG-6 cable to the LNB and the other end to the LNB connection on the meter. ... Field Service & Maintenance Bulletins StarBand