Standby Plante140704

7/18/2019 Standby Plante140704

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2003, Exide Industries Limited. All rights reeserved.

Welcome


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2003, Exide Industries Limited. All rights reeserved.

Seminar On Stand! "atteries


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2003, All rights reeserved.Se#temer$, 20%&

3

Selection Of Batteries For GeneratingStation And Substation

Application :

Unit Battery

Substation Battery

PLCC

24/26v C & Battery

UPS Battery

Battery !or "#$ set


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Battery Is Considered To Be TheHEARTOf The !o"er !lant

Battery provi%es te ulti'ate an% !inal (C bac)*up !or operatin+ e'er+ency e,uip'ents -icpo-er te turbo +enerators .vi0 e'er+ency oilpu'ps etc01

(C po-er !or operation o! all s-itc+earprotection relays in%icatin+ la'ps an% !acia

Po-er !or e'er+ency li+tin+ -itin te+eneratin+ station buil%in+

Uninterrupte% po-er !or controllin+ C &

e,uip'ent an% associate% ups syste's Po-er !or vital co''unication e,uip'ent .plcc1

essential !or resyncronisin+ te unit -it te +ri%or !or revivin+ te +ri% in te case o! a 'a3or +ri%

!ailure


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#hat If The Battery Fails In AnE$ergency %

Unit Battery

e e'er+ency oil pu'p -ill not operate -ic

coul% lea% to seiure o! te rotor bearin+s

Loss o! un%re% o! crores o! rupees to-ar%s

repairin+ te rotor an% +eneration revenue loss-ile te unit is out o! co''ission

S-itc+ear associate% -it +enerator 'ay not trip

-ic coul% lea% to +eneratin+ trans!or'er

%a'a+e $ailure o! instru'entation an% control

otal %ar)ness in te po-erouse


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(

#hat If The Battery Fails In AnE$ergency %

Substation

S-itc+ear an% relays -ill not operate causin+

e5tensive %a'a+e to trans!or'ers an% po-er lines

PLCC

5tre'ely %i!!icult to resyncronise te unit -it te

+ri%

7a3or setbac) in te process o! revivin+ te +ri% in

te event o! a re+ional +ri% !ailure

! te battery !ails -ile te unit is in operation it'ay beco'e essential to sut%o-n


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)

The Single &ost I$'ortant Feature OfBatteries For !o"er Sector A''lication Is

8eliability

8eliable stan%by po-er source

(eliver po-er as an% -en calle% !or

$ull capacity at any point o! ti'e in service li!e

Pre%ictability


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*

#hat Is A Battery %

A battery is an array o! si'ilar electricalstora+e cells


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#hat Is an Electrical Storage Cell %

An electrical stora+e cell consists o! t-o %issi'ilar

electro%es i''erse% in an electrolyte0

t stores electrical ener+y in !or' o! ce'ical

ener+y0

9en te circuit is 'a%e bet-een its positive &

ne+ative electro%es tere is a ce'ical reaction

in te cell an% it %elivers electricity (irect

Current .(0C1 trou+ te circuit0


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Pri'ary Cell

Litiiu' A''oniu' Silver

5i%e Clori%e 5i%e

Secon%ary Cell

Al)aline Lea% Aci%

Cells Cells

;i Ca% ;i$e

SL or n%ustrial

Auto'otive

Stan%by 7otive Po-er

"8LA $iat Paste% ubular Plant


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#hat Is A (ead Acid Battery %

Basic electroce'ical reaction participants :Positive lectro%e Pb2

;e+ative lectro%e Pb

lectrolyte #2S4

SOF

T(

EA)

(EA)

)IO*I)E

H+S,- . E(ECTRO(/TE

+


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%2

Ho" )oes A (ead Acid Battery #or0 %

Car+e% (iscar+e%

=ve *ve electrolyte =ve *ve

Pbo2 = Pb = 2#2S4 PbS4 = PbS4 = 2#2

Lea% Spon+y (ilute Lea% Lea% 9ater

Pero5i%e Lea% SulpurAci% Sulpate Sulpate


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Ty'es Of !lates

A1 !ositi2e

Plant< ype : Cast out o! >>0>>? pure Lea%

as a !ine la'aellar structure

$lat Paste% ype : @ri% ol%s te active 'aterial an%

carries te current

ubular ype : 8e% lea% .Pb41 an% @rey

o5i%e .Pb1 'i5ture is !ille%

in tubes an% spine o! lea%*

alloy runs trou+ te centre o!

entire tube len+t0 ube retails

te active 'aterial !ir'ly an%spine carries te current

B1 3egati2e

$lat paste% type al-ays


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Flat !asted !late . &or'hology

# SUPP8 S8UCU8 S ;

# $87 $ A 98*7S# L

@8( CAS $ A SUABL LA(

ALL

# AC" 7A8AL S PAS(

; # @8( S8UCU8 $87

US(

A C#7CAL B;(;@ #L(S #

AC" 7A8AL ; PLAC

#8U@#U # S8"C L$


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Features Of Auto$oti2e Flat !late

@ri% : .Current Collector1 cast into a lattice

structure

Active 7aterial : Paste% on to te lattice

Suite% $or :

#i+ current %iscar+e

Sort bac)up ti'e .Sallo-1 %iscar+e

;on*cyclic application


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%(

Tubular !late

*

(4G/

T4BE

CO3STR4CTIO3 OF T4B4(AR

!OSITI5E !(ATE

BOTTO& BAR/


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Cross.Section Of Tubular !late

SECTIO3 6 7//8 SECTIO3 6 7**8

CO3STR4CTIO3 OF T4B4(AR !OSITI5E !(ATE 9contd1:

RESI3 SHEATH

S!I3E

ACTI5E &ATERIA(

T4BE

BOTTO& BAR

S!I3E 9(EA) A((O/:

ACTI5E &ATERIA(9(EA) O*I)E:

T4BERESI3 C4RE)9TER/(E3E GA43T(ET:


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Tubular !ositi2e Structure

# SUPP8 S8UCU8 S ;

# $87 $ CAS 8(

LC8(S CALL(S!I3ESD;( A # P B A BUS BA8

;("(UAL SP;S ;@UL$( ;

A 7C8P8US PLU8UBULA8

GA43T(ET

A;;ULA8 SPAC B9; SP;

A;( @AU;L $LL(9#ACTI5E &ATERIA( 9!bO+:1B7$ # @AU;L SAL( 9#

A PLASC PLU@CALL(BOTTO&BAR


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!lante !ositi2es 6 4ni;ue Structure

!(A3TE HAS THE &OST 43I !4RE (EA)9#; ALL;@ L7;0

(A&E((AR@8( C;S8UC;;#A;CS SU8$AC A8A

LA8@LE

$$C" SU8$AC A8A?+ TI&ES#A $ @78C SU8$AC

A8A

; F8;AL A((; $ AC"

7A8AL0 @8( SU8$AC

C;"8( Pb2#8U@#

C;8LL( C88S;

8AC; (U8;@ PLAP8CSS;@


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!lante !ositi2e !late


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2%

!lante 3egati2e !late


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SA3 Container


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!lante @@@11 Salient Features

Ecellent )ischarge !rofile

5ery (o" &aintenance

Fast Recharge and !ossibility Of High Rate Of

Charging 3o (oss In Ca'acity Throughout its (ife S'an

(ong (ife e'ectancy Of ?.+, /ears In FloatA''lication

Trans'arent Container Easy 5isual &onitoring


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!lante (o" &aintenance

Lo- oppin+ 8e,uire'ent Acieve% rou+

Anti'ony $ree Ultra Pure Lea%

"ery lo- e,uilibriu' !loat current

"ery lo- -ater loss Lo- oppin+ 8e,uire'ent

Acieve% rou+ ;o Leacable 'purity

;o poisonin+ o! ne+ative

;e+li+ible rise in e,uilibriu' !loat current %urin+

entire service li!e

#u+e pool o! electrolyte

5cellent ter'al 'ana+e'ent

7a)es up !or lost -ater

TO!!I3G 4! O3CE I3 ?+ 6 ?D &O3THS


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!lante . 3o (oss In Ca'acity

-ontinuous regeneration o active material

/otal Leaddioxide content airl! constant

throughout the lie s#an indicating a constant

ca#acit! out#ut

Lo1ering o internal resistance due to thinning

O #arent material ma! ex#ect higher ca#acit!

A##reciation as the cell ages

/hus consideration o lie actor in ca#acit!

ot necessar! as acce#ted ! IEEE '*& %$$)


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2)

!lante 6 Easy &onitoring

/rans#arent SA ;S/


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2$

!lant Cells


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&aintenance

oppin+ up

Car+in+

Cec)in+ an% cleanin+ o! ter'inals

n a lea% aci% battery car+in+ & cleanin+ /

cec)in+ o! ter'inals cannot be avoi%e%


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3%

&aintenance

TO!!I3G 4!

9A8 LSS

LC8LSS "AP8A;

(8CL P8P8;AL

A;7; C;; ;

# PLA


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(o" &aintenance

#o- s t Acieve% K

Lo- anti'ony alloy0

Less lectrolysis * lo- -ater loss

7icroporous vent plu+

Bi++er Container -it 'ore electrolyte / i+ aci%

ea% roo'


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Cera$ic )o$e


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#hat Is 5R(A %

"alve re+ulate% lea% aci% battery )no-n to

co''on users as

Seale% 'aintenance !ree batteryM

perates -it a sa!ety !or escape o! +asses

unavoi%ably +enerate% %urin+ operation


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S&F 5R(A Batteries

;o !ree electrolyte0 lectrolyte is )ept absorbe% in +lass

'at separators

nsu!!icient buoyancy !or o5y+en +as to travel up-ar% by

ne+ative +ravitation

5y+en travels oriontally & reaces ne+ative plate to

react -it 'etallic lea%


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5enting Arrange$ent Of A 5R(A Battery


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#hy 5R(A %

Seale% N Can be )ept in any orientation

;o toppin+ up re,uire% ever

A ero e'ission pro%uct

Battery co'es car+e%

Co'pact


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The Sealed &aintenance Free 75R(A8Battery

Battery is %elivere% rea%y to use

;o toppin+*up re,uire% ever

Oero e'ission un%er nor'al car+in+ con%itions Co'pact

Lo- !oot*print

asy to an%le

I3HERE3TA)5A3TAGES


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5ulnerabilities

#i+ te'perature

(eep %iscar+e

Cyclin+

Car+e sensitive

8ecovery !ro' over %iscar+e

er'al 8una-ay an% (ry out

Unpre%ictability

S l i C i i Of A B


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Selection Criteria Of A Battery

Pri'ary $actors

Current loa%

Bac)up ti'e

7ini'u' volta+e re,uire'ents o! te syste'

e lo-est e5cepte% operatin+ te'perature

S l ti C it i Of A B tt


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Selection Criteria Of A Battery

Secon%ary $actors 5pecte% !re,uency o! %iscar+e

(ept o! %iscar+e

A'bient te'perature

7eto% o! car+in+ constraint i! any

Li'itation on space

7aintenance li'itation

$loor loa%in+

T h i l C i


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Technical Co$'arsion

;o'inal "olta+e

ubular 2"

"8LA 2"

Plant


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Technical Co$'arison

8C#A8@

ubular Capable o! ,uic) recar+e by boost

car+in+ upto 20Hvpc an% J0G4 CGJ

A'ps recar+e current

"8LA Quic) recar+e li'ite% to !ast car+in+

upto 204vpc an% GI*2J? o! li'it current

Plant


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SUSCPBL #@# 7P8AU8

;(P ubular Satis!actory operations upto

4/IJJC electrolytic te'perature

"8LA Prolon+e% operation at i+a'bient te'perature curtail battery

li!e severely0

Plant< Satis!actory operations upto

4/IJJ

C electrolytic te'perature;i*C% Satis!actory operations upto

4/IJJC electrolytic te'perature

T h i l C i


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(iscar+e At $loat perations

ubular Satis!actory

"8LA Best

Plant< Satis!actory

;i*C% ;i*C% %oes not +ive !ull

capacity -en %iscar+e% a!ter

re'ainin+ on !loat !or a lon+

ti'e0 n or%er to obtain te%esire% capacityte capacity o!

te battery nee%s to be

increase% by I?

T h i l C i


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7;8;@ SA $ C#A8@

ubular Can be %one by 'easurin+ electrolyte

speci!ic +ravity

"8LA Cannot be %eter'ine% e5ternally acts asa blac) bo5

Plant< ter tan 'easurin+ electrolytic speci!ic

+ravity battery con%ition can be

'onitore% visually trou+ te transparentcontainers

;*C( Cannot be %eter'ine% e5ternally acts as

a blac) bo5

T h i l C i


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A@;@

ubular (e+ra%es +ra%ually %urin+ service li!e &!alls to about J? in *GJ years0 2I?capacity as to be increase% toco'pensate !or a+ein+

"8LA (e+ra%es +ra%ually %urin+ service li!e &!alls to about J? in GJ*GI years0 2I?capacity as to be increase% toco'pensate !or a+ein+

Plant< Plant< capacity %oes not %rop raterincreases in service li!e

;i*C% Capacity re'ains al'ost constant %urin+service li!e



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8LABL

ubular Quite reliable

"8LA @enerally reliable o-ever prone to

une5pecte% 'al!unctionin+Plant< 7ost reliable in !loat operations

;i*C% 8eliable %urin+ routine %uty cycles

o-ever prone to une5pecte%

'al!unctionin+ %urin+e'er+ency re,uire'ent



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(ife E'ectancyubular GJ*G2 years

"8LA *GJ years

Plant< GI*2J years

#(P ubular GJ*G2 years

;i*C% GI*2J years

Internal Resistance;(P ubular #i+est

"8LA Lo-est

Plant< J*4J?lo-er tan

e,uivalent #(P

ubular Cells

;i*C% Lo-

15

10

VRL

5

Internal

Resistance

L

ifeExpectancy

TUBULAR

TUBULAR

VRLA

VRLA Plante

Plante Ni-Cd

Ni-Cd



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oppin+ Up 8e,uire'ent ubular oppin+ up upto *4 ti'es in a year

"8LA ;o toppin+ up re,uire%

Plant< oppin+ up once in G2*G 'onts

;i*C% oppin+ up once a year0 5istin+

electrolyte nee%s to be can+e% every

H* years

Auto* $ill Syste's 8e'oves e ;ee% !

oppin+ Up 8outine 'aintenance is

re,uire% !or all cate+ories

o! batteriesNo.oftim

es/year

4

3

2

1

&yths Of 5R(A Batteries


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7yt G "8LA batteries re,uire no 'aintenance Reality

As per te Clause ;o0 I0H o! GG>*G>>6

By te very nature o! te %esi+ns o! "8LA cells

speci!ic +ravity rea%in+s an% -ater a%%itions arenot practical0 Conse,uently te batteries are o!ten

re!erre% to as 'aintenance !ree0 #o-ever tis is

true only -it respect to te electrolyte0 ter-ise

"8LA battery 'aintenance is si'ilar to tat re,uire

!or !loo%e% batteriesM0

ere e5ists an stan%ar% . GG*G>>61

-ic is %e%icate% !or 'aintenance an% testin+ o!

"8LA batteries



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7yt 2 "8LA batteries can be use% in tropicalcli'ate at i+ te'peratures -itout any a%verse

e!!ects

Reality

As per Clause ;o0 B0 o! anne5ure B o! GG*G>>6

As a +eneral rule continuous prolon+e% use at

elevate% te'peratures -ill re%uce te batteries li!e

by appro5i'ately one*al! !or every J

C above 2IJ

C tat "8LA Batteries operate0 is e!!ect can be

'iti+ate% to so'e e5tent by te use o! te'perature

co'pensate% car+es0 peration at elevate%

te'peratures can also lea% to ter'al runa-ayM0



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7yt "8LA batteries %o not ave te sa'e!ailure 'ecanis's as !loo%e%

Reality As per Clause ;o0 I0 o! GG>*G>>6

e !a'iliar !ailure 'ecanis's o! positive platecorrosion an% +ro-t active 'aterial !ailure postseal lea)a+e an% container / cover seal lea)a+eassociate% -it vente% cells are also present in"8LA cells0 #o-ever in "8LA cell te e!!ects o!

lea)a+e at te post an% / or container cover sealsare 'ore si+ni!icant tan in vente% cells0

"8LA cells are susceptible to t-o !ailure 'o%estat are nor'ally not associate% -it vente% cells0ese are %ryout an% ter'al runa-ayM

#hy Then 5R(A %


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$, 20%&

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#hy Then 5R(A %

eleco''unications & UPS applications pro%uct

attributes secon%ary re,uire'ent

S'all $oot Print ;o 'issions

;o 7aintenance

!o"er Stations


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!o"er Stations

!roduct Attributes Re;uired Reliability

(eliver po-er as an% -en calle% !or an% !ull

capacity at any point o! ti'e in service li!e

!redictability #ealt

'pen%in+ $ailure

5pecte% i'e ! 8eplace'ent

i'e este%

Li!e

A''lication


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A''licationOur Reco$$endation

3)! T4B4(AR

Ideal for fre;uentCharge

dischargecycling duties

5R(A

For relati2elyShort ti$e bac0u'

"ith $oderatede'th of discharge

!(A3TE

Ideal for $eeting dutycycle in float o'eration

!lant

Ideal for $eeting dutycycle in float o'eration

H)! T4B4(AR

Ideal for fre;uentchargedischarge

cycling duties

3I.C)

Can be used in highrate of discharge inabusi2e conditions

The Trade.Off


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The Trade.Off

ere is no lea% aci% battery -it te bestpro%uct attributes in all te cate+ories o!

attributes

A tra%e*o!! as to be 'a%e !or eac

application se+'ent consi%erin+ te

re,uire'ents o! tat se+'ents

Best battery !or

po-er application *

PLA;

Best battery !or

eleco' application

* "8LA

03 June2003


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Documents

Standby Plante140704