Standardized Methods of Analysis

Preface)' being included in

G. Luxon, The Royal Society of

Contents

Animal Feedingstuffs

Index Crude Oils and Fats Ash Ash Insoluble in Hydrochloric Acid Fibre Moisture Calcium (Atomic Absorption Method) Phosphorus Magnesium (Atomic Absorption Method) Iron, Copper, Manganese and Zinc Copper (Diethyldithiocarbamate Spectrophotometric Method) Water-Soluble Chlorides Carbonates Vitamin A (Retinol) Determination of a-Tocopherol in Animal Feeds by Normal-phase

High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Method A Determination of a-Tocopherol in Animal Feeds by Normal-phase

High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Method B Ascorbic Acid and Dehydroascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B,, Aneurine) Menadione (Vitamin K3) Urea Isobutylidinediurea Sugar (Luff-Schoorl Method) Lactose Starch (Polarimetric Method) Starch (Pancreatic Method) Protein Aflatoxin BI (for certain straight feedingstuffs) Aflatoxin B, (for all other feedingstuffs) Hydrocyanic Acid Free and Total Gossypol Volatile Mustard Oil Urease Activity Uric Acid Acinitrazole Amprolium Avoparcin Buquinolate Clopidol Dinitolmide

Con tents xii Official and Standardized Methoak of Analysis

Ethopabate Flavophospholipol (Flavomycin) (Bambermycin) Furazolidone Monensin Sodium (by Diffusion in an Agar Gel) Nicarbazin Nifursol Nitrofurazone Nitrovin Nitrovin (in Feed Supplements) Oleandomycin Sulphaquinoxaline Tylosin Virginiamycin Zinc Bacitracin Detection and Identification of Antibiotics of the Tetracycline

Group Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Tetracycline (by Diffusion

through Agar) Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Tetracycline (by Turbidimetry)

Additives in Animal Feedingstuffs 27

Antibiotics 27 Penicillin in Diet Supplements 27 Chlortetracycline in Diet Supplements 29 Oxytetracycline in Diet Supplements 31 Microbiological Estimation of Penicillin in Diet Supplements and

Compound Feedingstuffs 33 Microbiological Assay of Chlortetracycline in Diet Supplements

and Compound Feedingstuffs 36 Microbiological Assay of Oxytetracycline in Diet Supplements and

Compbund Feedingstuffs 39

Identification of Prophylactic and Growth-promoting Drugs Acinitrazole Amprolium Buquinolate Clopidol Dinitolmide Ethopabate Furazolidone Halquinol Nicarbazin Nifursol Nitrofurazone Nitrovin Sulphaquinoxaline Decoquinate Dimetridazole Methyl Benzoquate

Sulphaquinoxaline 4

Prophylactic Residues The Detection o

The Detection of

Water-soluble V

Standardized Methoh o/

line (by Turbidimetry

Anr Contents

Pyrimethamine Robenidine

Determination of Prophylactic and Growth-promoting Drugs Acinitrazole Acinitrazole (Method adopted for UK Regulations) Amprolium Arprinocid (in Poultry Feeds) Avoparcin (Microbiological Assay) Decoquinate Dimetridazole Dinitolmide Ethopabate Furazolidone Halofuginone Hydrobromide Halquinol (Spectrophotometric Method) Halquinol (Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method) Ipronidazole Methyl Benzoquate (in Feeds) (HPLC Method) Methyl Benzoquate (in Feeds) (Spectrophotometric Method) Methyl Benzoquate (in Pre-mixes) M onensin Nifursol Nitrofurazone Nitrovin (in Feeds) (Spectrophotometric Method) Nitrovin (in Feeds) (HPLC Method) Nitrovin (in Pre-mixes) Olaquindox (in Feeds) Py rimethamine Robenidine (in Feeds) (Spectrophotometric Method) Robenidine (in Feeds) (HPLC Method) Robenidine (in Premixes) Ronidazole (Spectrophotometric Method) Ronidazole (Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method) Ronidazole (HPLC Method) Sulfadimidine Sulphaquinoxaline Sulfanitran Zinc Bacitracin (Microbiological Assay)

Prophylactic Residues in Animal Tissues The Detection of Monensin Residues in Chicken Tissue

(Bioautographic Method) The Detection of Monensin Residues in Chicken Tissue

(Chemical Method)

Water-soluble Vitamins Microbiological Estimation of Nicotinic Acid in Compound

Feedingstuffs

xiii

Con tents xiv Official and Standardized Methods of

Microbiological Estimation of Pantothenic Acid in Compound Feedingstuffs

Microbiological Estimation of Riboflavin in Compound Feedingstuffs

Microbiological Assay of Vitamin BIZ in Compound Feedingstuffs

Fat-soluble Vitamins Preparation of Sample Vitamin A in Animal Feedingstuffs (HPLC Method) Vitamin A in Diet Supplements and Compound Feedingstuffs p-Carotene in Diet Supplements and Compound Feedingstuffs

The Analysis of Cosmetic Products

Determination and Identification of Free Sodium and Potassium Hydroxides

Determination and Identification of Oxalic Acid and its Alkaline Salts in Hair-care Products

Determination of Chloroform in Toothpaste Determination of Zinc Determination and Identification of 4-Hydroxybenzenesulphonic

Acid Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Determination of Nitrite Identification and Determination of Free Formaldehyde Determination of Resorcinol in Shampoos and Hair Lotions Determination of Methanol in Relation to Ethanol or Propan-2-01 Determination of ~ichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Identification and Determination of Quinolin-8-01 and

Bis(8-hydroxyquinolinium) Sulphate Determination of Ammonia Identification and Determination of Nitromethane Identification and Determination of Mercaptoacetic Acid in

Hair-waving, Hair-straightening and Depilatory Products Identification and Determination of Hexachlorophene Determination of Tosylchloramide Sodium (Chloramine-T) Determination of Total Fluorine in Dental Creams Identification and Determination of Organomercury Compounds Determination of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Sulphides Identification and Determination of Glycerol 1-(4-Aminobenzoate) Determination of Chlorobutanol Identification and Determination of Quinine Identification and Determination of Inorganic Sulphites and

Hydrogen Sulphites Identification and Determination of Chlorates of the Alkali Metals Identification and Determination of Sodium Iodate

Essential Oils

Introduction

Analysis

Section I: Physical MetboQ Preparation of the Oil Physical Constants

Refractive Index

Determination of Re

Section IIa: Non-specifie Determination of A Determination of Es Determination of Determination of Determination of

Section IIb: Specific C

Section 111: Gas-Liquid Reproducible Finge Determination of 1

Sage and Spi Determination of

Fertilisers

Ammoniacal Nitr

Total Nitrogen in U

Cyanamide Nitrogen Biuret in Urea Different Forms of

Different Forms

Phosphorus Extraction of Phosp Extraction of Phos Extraction of Pho Extraction of Pho Extraction of Phos

Standardized Methorls of

pound Feedingstuffs

the Alkali Metals

Analysis Con tents

Section I: Physical Methods Preparation of the Oil for Examination Physical Constants

Apparent Density Refractive Index Optical Rotation Freezing Point and Melting Point Solubilities

Determination of Residue on Evaporation

Section Ira: Non-specific Chemical Methods Determination of Acid Value Determination of Ester Value Determination of Ester Value after Acetylation Determination of Carbonyl Value Determination of Phenols

Section IIb: Specific Chemical Methods Determination of Apparent Cineole Content

Section IIk Gas-Liquid chromatography Reproducible Fingerprinting of Essential Oils Determination of 1,8-Cineole in Oils of Cardamom, Rosemary,

Sage and Spike Lavender (Range 10 to 40%) Determination of Eugenol in Oils of Cinnamon

Nitrogen Ammoniacal Nitrogen Total Nitrogen - Chromium Powder Reduction Method Nitric and Ammoniacal Nitrogen - Ulsch Method Nitrite and Ammoniacal pitrogen - Devarda Method Total Nitrogen in Calcium Cyanamide - in the Absence of Nitrate Total Nitrogen in Calcium Cyanamide - in the Presence of Nitrate Total Nitrogen in Urea Urea Cyanamide Nitrogen Biuret in Urea Different Forms of Nitrogen in the Same Sample - in the Presence of

Cyanamide Nitrogen Different Forms of Nitrogen in the Same Sample - in the Absence of

Cyanamide Nitrogen

Phosphorus Extraction of Phosphorus by Mineral Acids Extraction of Phosphorus by 2% Formic Acid Extraction of Phosphorus by 2% Citric Acid Extraction of Phosphorus by Joulie's Alkaline Ammonium Citrate Extraction of Phosphorus by Water

xvi Official and Standardized Method of Analysis

Determination of Extracted Phosphorus Gravimetric Method Spectrophotometric Method

Potassium Water-soluble Potassium Total Potassium

Gravimetric Method Flame Photometric Method

Other Elements 262 Extraction of Total Calcium, Total Magnesium, Total Sodium and

Total Sulphur in the Form of Sulphates 262 Extraction of Water-soluble Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and

Sulphur in the Form of Sulphates 262 Determination of Magnesium by Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometry 262 Determination of Magnesium by Complexometry 263 Determination of Sodium 263 Boron - Titrimetric Method Boron - Spectrophotometric Method Cobalt Molybdenum Copper Iron Total Magnesium Manganese

Fertilisers (Sampling and Analysis) Regulations Methods Moisture Chlorides in the Absence of Organic Material Neutralizing Value in Liming Materials

Ammonium Nitrate Fertilisers Containing More than 28% Nitrogen A. Methods for the Application of Thermal Cycles B. Determination of Oil Retention C. Determination of the Combustible Ingredients D. Determination of pH Value E. Determination of Particle Size F. Determination of Chlorine Content (as Chloride Ion) G. Determination of Copper

Physical Properties Fineness of Grinding - Dry Method

Trace Elements in Fertilisers and Feedingstuffs

Introduction General Preparation of the Sample Boron (Small Amounts)

Con tents

Boron (Inorganic I Calcium Chloride Chromium Cobalt Copper Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Zinc

Statutory Methods of Ana

Tables

Methods of Analysis for F the Auspices of MAFF

Introduction Crude Fibre in Flour Erucic Acid in Oils Biphenyl and 2-Hy Loss on Drying in Milk Fat in Fats Moisture in Cocoa Total Fat Content Ash Content of C

Acidity of Cocoa a Hydroxyproline, Ash,

Meat Products Insoluble Matt

Meat Products and Meat E 4 Introduction Preparation of Sampl Determination of M Determination of As Determination of Chl Determination of Ni Determination of Ni

StMdordized Methods of

Total Sodium and

ts

ride Ion)

' Analysis

260 26 1

26 1 26 1

26 1 26 1

262

262

262

262

Con ten ts

Boron (Inorganic Fertilisers Containing 0.1 to 1 %) Calcium Chloride Chromium Cobalt Copper Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Zinc

Statutory Methods of Analysis for Foodstuffs

Tables

Methods of Analysis for Foodstuffs Verified by Collaborative Trial under the Auspices of MAFF

Introduction Crude Fibre in Flour Erucic Acid in Oils and Fats Biphenyl and 2-Hydroxybiphenyl in Citrus Fruits Loss on Drying in Quick Frozen French Fried Potatoes Milk Fat in Fats Moisture in Cocoa and Chocolate Products Total Fat Content of Cocoa and Chocolate Products Ash Content of Cocoa and Chocolate Products Unsaponifiable Matter in Cocoa and Chocolate Products Acidity of Cocoa and Chocolate Products Hydroxyproline, Ash, Fat, Moisture and Nitrogen in Meat and

Meat Products Insoluble Matter in Instant Coffee Vinyl Chloride in Foodstuffs Dietary Fibre (GLC) Dietary Fibre (Colorimetry) Soya Protein in Meat Products by ELISA

Meat Products and Meat Extracts

Introduction Preparation of Sample Determination of Moisture Determination of Ash Determination of Chloride Determination of Nitrogen Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite

Contents xviii Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Determination of Total Fat Determination of Extractable Fat Determination of Total Phosphorus Determination of Starch Determination of Total Creatine and Creatinine Determination of Gelatin

The Analysis of Milk and Milk Products 348

Table 7: Compositional Regulations, Amendments and FAC Report References 349

Table 8: Methods with EC/UK Statutory Requirements 350 Table 9: Non-statutory Reference Methods for Milk and Milk

Products 352 Table 10: Publications and Sources of Information 3 54

Vitamins 355

Microbiological Estimation of Riboflavin Microbiological Estimation of Nicotinic Acid Microbiological Estimation of Thiamine Chemical Determination of Thiamine (Aneurine) Determination of Tocopherols Microbiological Estimation of Vitamin BI2

Method for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues 385

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Grain Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fruits

and Vegetables Determination of Residues of Malathion and Dichlorvos in Grain Determination of Total Mercury in Fish Determination of Methylmercury in Fish Determination of Residues of Volatile Fumigants in Grains Determination of Dithiocarbamate Residues in Lettuces, using a

Headspace Procedure Determination of Residues of Ionic Bromide in Grain Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs

of Animal Origin Extraction of Fat Determination of Ethylenethiourea Residues in Canned Foodstuffs

Methods for the Determination of Occupationally Hazardous Substances 409

Table 409

Oils and Fats 417

Unsaponifiable Matter in Oils and Fats 417 Appendix I: Modifications to Recommended Method 419

Soaps

Free Alkali in S Free Alkali in SI Silica Present as

Treatment of Data and tbe

Introduction Recommendation for

Detection Limit Recommendation

Analytical Methods for the Elements

VI. Destruction

Standardized Methods of Anc:

nts and FAC Report

r Milk and Milk

Residues in Grain Residues in Fruits

Dichlorvos in Grain

esidues in Foodstuffs

Canned Foodstuffs

Hazardous Substances

Contents xix

Shea Nut Oil 419 Rosin 420

Oil Containing a High Proportion of Wax Esters 420 Appendix 11: Shortened Method 42 1 Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils

and Fats by High-performance Liquid Chromatography 42 1

Soaps 427

Unsaponified Fat in Soaps Free Alkali in Soaps, Free Alkali in Silicated Soaps Silica Present as Alkaline Silicate in Silicated Soaps Rosin in Soap Phenols in Soaps

Treatment of Data and the Application of Statistics to Analytical Chemistry 442

Introduction Recommendation for the Definition, Estimation and Use of the

Detection Limit Recommendation for the Conduct and Interpretation of

Co-operative Trials Uses (Proper and Improper) of Correlation Coefficients Report of an Experimental Test of 'Recommendations for the Conduct

and Interpretation of Co-operative Trials' Principles of Data Quality Control in Chemical Analysis Robust Statistics-How Not to Reject Outliers: I. Basic Concepts Robust Statistics-How Not to Reject Outliers: 11. Inter-Laboratory

Trials Proficiency Testing of Analytical Laboratories: Organization and

Statistical Assessment

Analytical Methods for the Determination of (Trace) Metals and Other Elements 446

Destruction of Organic Matter 446 Wet Decomposition 447

I. With Nitric and Sulphuric Acids, with or without the Aid of Perchloric Acid or Hydrogen Peroxide 449

11. With Nitric and Perchloric Acids 453 111. With Nitric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate 456 IV. Special Methods of Wet Decomposition for the Determination

of Mercury 457 Dry Decomposition 46 1

V. Destruction without Ashing Aid 462 VI. Destruction with Ashing Aid 462

Perchloric Acid and its Use in Analytical Work 465 The Use of 50% Hydrogen Peroxide for the Destruction of

Organic Matter 467

xx Offiial and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Further Methods Using Hydrogen Peroxide 47 1 Determination of Small Amounts of Antimony in Organic Matter 474 Determination of Arsenic

la 476

Recommended Method 477 Gutzeit Method t 479 Precise Assay of Arsenic(111) Oxide by Reference to Pure Iodine 484

Determination of Cadmium 488 Determination of Copper 490 Titration of Milligram Amounts of Fluoride Ion in Aqueous Solution 496 Determination in Aqueous Solution of Amounts of Fluoride not

Greater than 40 pg 497 Determination of Iron 499

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 500 General Method 500 Determination of Iron with Bathophenanthroline 504

Determination of Lead 505 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 505 Dithizone Absorptiometry 508

Determination of Mercury 5 14 Total Mercury in Fish 518 Methylmercury in Fish 520

Determination of Nickel 522 Determination of Selenium 524 Determination of Tin 528 Determination of Zinc 532

Index to Summaries 538 List of Methods Published by the Standing Committee of Analysts 538 Method Data Sheets: W01-W80 543 Appendix I: Yorkshire Water Authority Methods 623 Appendix 11: BSI Methods 625

The Analysis of Various Materials 635

Polymers and Resins in Paints and Surface Coatings-S. Tappin 635 Wood Preservatives-T.R.G. Cox 638 Speciation of Metals in Foodstuffs4.A. Smart 645 Analysis of Pulp and Paper-Dwight B. Easty 649 Glass-W.W. Fletcher 652 Analysis of Plastics-D.C.M. Squirrel1 653 Dyes and Colours-D. Simpson and W.G. Simpson 657

Brewing and Brewing Materials 668

Barley Moisture Content Thousand Corn Weight Germinative Capacity

Contents

Germinative En

Cold Water Extract Diastatic Power

Coloured Malts

Dark Malts and

Unmalted Grains

Untreated Grain

Sugars, Syrups and

Hops and Hop P Moisture

Stondordized Methodr of

ny in Organic Matter

nce to Pure Iodine

in Aqueous Solution

mmittee of Analysts

Analysis

47 1 474 476 477 479 484 488 490 496

497 499 500 500 504 505 505 508 514 518 520 522 524 528 532

537

538 538 543 623 625

635

635 638 645 649 652 653 657

668

668 668 668 669

Contents

Germinative Energy Total Nitrogen Content Fatty Sybstances ~e rmin i t ed Grains in Barley Sievilg Test

Ale, Lager and Distilling Malts Moisture Content Hot Water Extract Malt Colour Cold Water Extract Diastatic Power a-Amylase International Method Total Nitrogen Content Total Soluble Nitrogen Free a-Amino Nitrogen Arsenic Wort Viscosity Fermentability of Brewing Worts Fermentability of Distilling (Unboiled) Worts Malt Friability and Homogeneity

Coloured Malts, Dark Malts and Roasted Barley Coloured Malts

Moisture Extract Colour

Dark Malts and Roasted Barley Moisture Extract Colour

Unmalted Grains Wheat and Barley Flours and Gelatinized Flakes

Moisture Fatty Substances Extract

Untreated Grain Grits and Other Raw Grain Moisture Fatty Substances Extract

Sugars, Syrups and Caramels Extract Colour Sulphated Ash Total Reducing Sugars Iron Copper Arsenic

Hops and Hop Preparations Moisture Hop Oil Lead Conductance Value

xxi

669 670 670 670 67 1 67 1 67 1 67 1 672 672 672 673 673 674

xxii Official and Standardized Methoh of Analysis

a- and 8-Acids in Hop Extracts Seed Content

Process Control Apparent Fermentability

Spent Grains Moisture Soluble Extract Total Available Extract

Worts and Beers Colour Viscosity Free a-Amino Nitrogen Original Gravity of Beer Alcohol Content of Beer Carbon Dioxide Content Bitterness of Beer Sulphur Dioxide Vicinal Diketones Iron in Beer Copper in Beer Zinc in Beer Arsenic in Beer Lead in Beer Total Carbohydrate in Beer

EC Food Methods 69 1

General Introduction Analysis of Citrus Fruit Treated with Biphenyl, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl

or Sodium Biphenyl-2-yl Oxide Colour in Extra White Sugar and White Sugar Conductivity Ash in Extra White Sugar, Invert Sugar Solution,

Invert Sugar Syrup, Sugar Solution and White Soft Sugar Colour in Solution of Extra White Sugar and Sugar Solution Colour in Solution of White Soft Sugar Loss of Mass on Drying of Sugar Dry Matter in Glucose and Dextrose Total Dry Matter in Sugar Solutions Reducing Sugars in Semi-white Sugars Reducing Sugarh in White Sugars Reducing Sugaq in Sugar Solutions (Luff-Schoorl) Reducing Sugar$ in Sugar Solutions (Lane and Eynon) Dextrose Equivalent of Glucose Syrup, etc. Sulphated Ash in Glucose Syrup, etc. Polarization of White Sugars Caffeine in Decaffeinated Coffee Extracts Dry Matter Content of Coffee and Chicory Extracts Dry Matter Content of Liquid Coffee and Chicory Extracts Dry Matter Content of Condensed Milk Moisture in Milk Powders

Contents

Ether Extractable

Toluene-insoluble

Tartaric Acid in Wine

Sorbic Acid in Win L-Ascorbic ~ b d in Sodium in Wine Iron in Wine

Standardized Methods Contents xxiii

Fat Content of Condensed Milks 698 Fat Content of Dried Milks 699 Sucrose Content of Sweetened Condensed Milk 699 Lactic Acid and Lactates in Milk Powders 699 Phosphatase Activity of Milk Powders 700 Vinyl Chloride Monomer Level in Containers, etc. 700 Erucic Acid in Oils and Fats 70 1 Vinyl Chloride Released by Containers, etc. 70 1 Ether Extractable Substances from Water-soluble ~ u l ~ h o n a t e d Organic

Colouring Matters Intended for Foodstuffs 701 Formic Acid, Formates and Other Oxidizable Impurities in Acetic Acid,

Potassium Acetate, Sodium Diacetate and Calcium Acetate 701 Non-volatile Substances in Propionic Acid 702 Loss of Mass on Drying of Sodium Nitrate 702 Limit Test for Salicylic Acid in Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate,

Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt, eic. 702 Free Acetic Acid in Sodium Diacetate 702 Sodium Acetate in Sodium Diacetate 703 Limit Test for Aldehydes in Sorbic Acid, Sodium, Potassium and

Calcium Sorbates and Propionic Acid 703 Peroxide, Number of Lecithins 703 Toluene-insoluble Matter in Lecithins 703 Limit of Reducing Substances in Sodium, Potassium and Calcium

Lactates 704 Volatile Acids in Orthophosphoric Acid 704 Limit of Nitrate in Orthophosphoric Acid 704 Water-insoluble Substances in Mono-, Di- and Tn-Sodium

Orthophosphates and Mono-, Di- and Tn-Potassium Orthophosphates 704

pH of Food Additives 705 Density and Specific Gravity of Wine and Must 705 Alcoholic Strength of Wine and Must by Volume 705 Total Dry Extract of Wine and Must 705 Reducing Sugars in Wine and Must 706 Sucrose in Wine and Must 706 Ash Content of Wine 706 Alkalinity of the Ash of Wine 707 Total Acidity of Wine 707 Volatile Acidity of Wine 707 Fixed Acidity of Wine 707 Tartaric Acid in Wine 708 Citric Acid in Wine -..____- -- 708 Sulphur Dioxide in Wines 708 pH of Wine and Must 709 Sorbic Acid in Wine 709 L-Ascorbic Acid in Wine 709 Sodium in Wine 709 Iron in Wine 710 Copper in Wine 710 Silver in Wine 710

xxiv OfJcial and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Cyanide Derivatives in Wine Carbon Dioxide in Wine Ally1 Isothiocyanate in Wine Rapid Detection Method for Water Loss from Chickens, Hens and

Cocks Total Water Content of Chickens, Hens and Cocks Methylene Blue Test for Untreated Milk and Pasteurized Milk Phosphatase Test for Pasteurized Milk Turbidity Test for Sterilized Milk Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Solid Mineral Hydrocarbons Diastase Activity of Honey Available Carbon Dioxide Content of Flour

I British Standards

Introduction 1. Metallic Impurities 2. Water Analysis 3. Vitamins 4. Oils, Fats and Soaps 5. Meat Products 6. Milk Products 7. Fertilisers 8. Feedingstuffs 9. Pesticides

10. Paper 1 1. Ferrous Metals 12. Non-ferrous Metals 13. Paints 14. Plastics 15. Rubber 16. Wood and Wood Preservatives 17. Detergents

Index

Animal feedingstuffs cons mineral origin, each of whi nutritionfat, protein, carbo

In a compound feedings trace elements and the fed.

Medicinal additives are used prophylactics. Some drugs are normally these must be used

Some raw materials used i which may be deleterious or must be constrained to a safe

The principal method fo moisture and fibre co deleterious substances ingredients are set out in made under the Agriculture

The Medicines (Animal under the Medicines Act, 1 in compound feedingstuffs.

Some of these methods are in the descriptions which foil For other methods described and principle are given. The which these methods are d practical details or field of

In the procedures outli spectrophotometric) m