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Standardized approaches in CDM methodologies
Daniel Perczyk7th Joint Workshop
13/03/2011
OverviewBaseline scenario Default values for lifetime in the Lifetime Tool Quantitative criteria for baseline scenario(ACM0013) Default values for key parameters (AMS II J)
Baseline emissions Small scale methodology for substitution of fossil fuel based lighting Small scale methodology for plastic recovery
Project emissions Default factors for power plants in the Grid emission factor Tool, Default factor for emissions from cultivation in biofuel methodologies
Leakage Default factors for fossil fuel production
Additionality Small scale simplified procedure
Baseline scenario: lifetime
Tool to determine the remaining lifetime of equipment
For the technical lifetime, the following default values apply:
Equipment Default value for Technical lifetime
Boilers 25 years Steam Turbines 25 years Gas turbines, upto 50 MW capacity 150,000 hours Gas turbines, above 50 MW capacity 200,000 hours Hydro turbines 150,000 hours Electric Generators, air cooled 25 years Electric generators, hydrogen cooled or water cooled 30 years Wind turbines, onshore 25 years Wind turbines, offshore 20 years Diesel/oil/gas fired generator sets 50,000 hours Transformers 30 years Heaters, chillers, pumps, etc. used in HVAC systems 15 years
Baseline scenario: quantitative criteria
ACM 0013 New grid connected fossil fuel fired power plants using a less GHG intensive technology
Baseline emissionsBaseline CO2 emission factor will be determined using the lowest value between: (i) the emission factor of the technology and fuel type that has been identified as the most likely baseline scenario, and (ii) a benchmark emission factor determined based on the performance of the top 15% power plants that use the same fuel category as the project plant and any technology available in the geographical area
Baseline scenario: default values
II.J. Demand-side activities for efficient lighting technologies
Two options to determine operating hours of project (and baseline) lamps:Option 1: A default value of 3.5 hours per 24 hrs period for ‘daily operating hours’, is chosen ex ante and is used ex post throughout the crediting period. In this case no surveying is required. Option 2: Instead of using a default value of 3.5 hours, a measured (sampling) value can be used
Baseline emissions: fossil fuel based lighting AMS III.AR. Substituting fossil fuel based lighting with LED lighting
systemsThis methodology provides for a default annual baseline emissions factor for the project lamps distributed to end-users. The following assumptions are made about the equivalent baseline lighting system:
Fuel use rate (liters/hour): 0.025 liters/hour; Utilization rate (hours/day): 3.5 hours per day; Utilization (days/year): 365 days per year; Fuel emissions factor: 2.4 kgCO2/liter; Leakage factor: 1.0; Number of fuel-based lamps replaced per project lamp: 1.0; Net-to-Gross factor: 1.0
Then, Default factor per lamp= 0.08 tCO2
Baseline emissions per lamp are calculated as:
yyy DBGFDVBE
Baseline emissions: plastic recovery
III.AJ. Recovery and recycling of materials from solid wastesRecovery and recycling of high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) materials in municipal solid wastes to process them into intermediate or finished products e.g. plastic resin to displace production of virgin plastic materials in dedicated facilities thereby resulting energy savings and emission reduction. The following default values for the production of pellet from virgin inputs shall be used: 0.83 MWh/t (3 GJ/t) and 1.67 MWh/t (6 GJ/t) for HDPE and
LDPE 1.11 MWh/t (4.0 GJ/t) for PET
Other materials: glass, papers? Revisions are encouraged.
Baseline emissions: efficiency of power plants
Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system
Average net energy conversion efficiency of power unit m or k in year y Use either: Documented manufacturer’s specifications (if the efficiency of the plant is not significantly
increased through retrofits or rehabilitations); or For grid power plants: data from the utility, the dispatch center or official records if it can be
deemed reliable; or The default values provided in the table below in Annex 1 (if available for the type of power
plant)
Option A2. If for a power unit m only data on electricity generation and the fuel types used is available, the emission factor should be determined based on the CO2 emission factor of the fuel type used and the efficiency of the power unit, as follows:
ym,
yi,m,CO2,ym,EL, η
6.3EFEF
Baseline emissions: efficiency of power plants
Annex 1: Default efficiency factors for power plants
Grid power plants
Generation Technology Old units (before and in 2000) New units (after 2000)
Coal - - Subcritical 37% 39% Supercritical - 45% Ultra-upercritical - 50% IGCC - 50% FBS 35.5% - CFBS 36.5% 40% PFBS - 41.5%
Oil - - Steam turbine 37.5% 39% Open cycle 30% 39.5% Combined cycle 46% 46%
Natural gas - - Steam turbine 37.5% 37.5% Open cycle 30% 39.5% Combined cycle 46% 60%
Project emissions: cultivation
ACM 0017 Production of biodiesel for use as fuel
Conservative default emission factors for the GHG emissions associated with the cultivation of land to produce oil seeds
Crop Climate Zone EFs,y (tCO2e/ha) Palm Methyl Esther Tropical Moist 1.87 Palm Methyl Esther Tropical Wet 1.87 Jatropha Methyl Ester Tropical Moist 1.76 Jatropha Methyl Ester Tropical Dry 2.52
Leakage: fossil fuel upstream emissions
ACM 0017 Production of biodiesel for use as fuel
Emission factor for production of crude oil :0.073 tCO2e/t petrodieselA global value was calculated with the assumption that that upstream emissions with respect to crude oil production in Annex I countries is zero.
Emission factor related to oil refining shall be one of the following: a) In the absence of a country-specific data 0.233t-CO2/t petrodiesel
b) If refining occurs in the host country, local emission factors from an official information source (e.g. national communications)
Additionality: simplified procedure
Guidelines for demonstrating additionality of renewable energy projects =<5 MW and energy efficiency projects with energy savings <=20 GWh per year
Projects are automatically additional under certain conditions.
Additionality: simplified for projects <=5MW or <=20GWh
For projects in an LDC/SIDS or in a special underdeveloped zone of the host country identified by the Government before 28 May 2010, no requirement of additionality.
RE projects lesser than 5 MW are additional: If the project activity is about off grid project supplying to households /communities If the project is for distributed renewable energy generation and each of the
independent subsystems/measures in the project <=750 kW and end users of the of the subsystems or measures are households/ communities/SMEs
If the project technology has been recommended by DNA and approved by EB, and market penetration of the technology/measure<=5%
EE projects lesser than <=20 GWH/year are additional: If the project activity is about non industrial demand side energy efficiency activity,
each of the independent subsystem/measure in the project annually saves <=600 MWh, and end users of the subsystem or measure are households/ communities/SMEs
