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KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (K.S.C.)
STANDARDS PUBLICATION
KOCSTANDARD
FOR
LAYOUT, SPACING AND DIKING OF ABOVEGROUND PETROLEUM STORAGE
TANKS
DOC. NO.
STANDARDS DIVISION
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 1 Page 1 of 21 REV. 1
KUWAIT OIL COMPANY (K.S.C.)
STANDARDS PUBLICATION
KOC STANDARD
FOR
LAYOUT, SPACING AND DIKING OF ABOVEGROUND PETROLEUM STORAGE
TANKS
DOC. NO. KOC-L-027
STANDARDS DIVISION
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KOC STANDARD
FOR
LAYOUT. SPACING AND DIKING OF
ABOVEGROUND PETROLEUM STORAGE TANKS
DOC. NO. KOC-L-027
ISSUING AUTHORITY:
STANDARDS DIVISION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SCOPE
APPLICATION
TERMINOLOGY
REFERENCE STAND ARDS AND CODES
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
BASIC DESIGN ClNSlDERATlONS
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
TANK GROUPING
TANK SPACING
DIKES AND DIKED AREAS
REMOTE IMPOUNDING
DOCUMENTATION
APPENDIX- I : MINIMUM TANK SPACING FROM OPERATING FACILITIES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Page No.
4
6
6
6
8
9
9
10
10
13
13
14
18
19
20
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FOREWORD
It has been observed that the basic requirements for the tank
field design are still v~~daly varying in various National
Standards ( IP, NFPA, lFCl ) and International Oil Companies'
practices and have no truly validated basis for the tank spacing
except the concerns to minimize the adverse effects due to any
potential fire. This was amply corroborated by the 'LASTFIRE" (
Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires ) project - a joint Oil
Industry Project to Review the Fire Related Risks of Large,
Open-top Floating Roof Storage Tanks.
This document " KOC Standard for Layout, Spacing and Diking of
Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks" is thus intended to provide
the basic requirements for tank field design in KOC for safe
containment of hydrocarbon in the event of spillage due to any
accident.
This Standard has been approved by the Standards Division, in
consultation with Standard Technical Committee (STC), for use
throughout the corporate engineering and operational functions of
Kuwait Oil Company.
This Standard sets out to achieve the following objectives: a)
To define, from the current practices in the industry as well as
from the
international 1 national codes, the technical guidelines for use
as KOC safety requirements, for inter tank spacing and tanks safe
separation distances from operating facilities with a view to
limiting the spread of hydrocarbon fire to the adjoining areas.
b) To specify a set of design criteria for accessibility,
drainage and impoundage in and around the tank field area in order
to contain any adverse effects from spills, leaks and overfills as
well as to improve the effectiveness of fire fighting efforts
during any fire incident.
C) To provide general technical guidance for developing layout
drawings & specifications with a view to achieving safety,
reliability and economy in the site specific tank field area.
Feedback as well as any comments or suggestions from the
application of this Standard derived at any stage of conceptual
design, engineering, field construction or operation are encouraged
and should be directed to:
The Supdt. Standards Division (Chairman, Standards Technical
Committee) Engineering Group, KOC P.O. Box 9758, Ahmadi 61008 State
of Kuwait
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 I Page 5 of 21 REV. 1
Task Force Responsible for this Standard
The preparation of this Standard has been entrusted by the
Standards Technical Committee (STC) to the Task Force No.
(TF-LPl02) comprising of the following members:
Mr. S, Kumar Mr. J. Masood Mr. Rafiq Khan Mr. F.Al-Qattan Mr.
Faisal Mirza
- Standards Div. - Team leader / Author - Engg Design Div. -
Member - Gen. Proj. Div. - Member - Fire & Safety Div. - Member
- Standards Div. - Member
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 I Page 6 of 21 I REV. 1 SCOPE
This Standard provides the basic technical requirements for the
layout, spacing, diking and drainage of aboveground petroleum
storage tanks, containing crude petroleum and flammable liquids,
located at the KOC facilities in Kuwait.
This Standard shall not be applicable to any underground storage
and skid- mounted tanks.
APPLICATION
The design and construction of the tankage area ( layout,
inter-tank spacing, drainage and impoundage ) shall conform to the
requirements of this Standard and the reference standards 1 codes
mentioned herein.
Any exceptions or deviations from this Standard, along with
their merits and justifications, shall be brought to the attention
of KOC's Controlling Department for their review, consideration and
amendment by Standards Division (if required).
Compliance with this Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal or statutory obligations.
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions
apply.
Aboveground Tank
Atmospheric vertical, cylindrical, closed-top or open-top, steel
tanks used for petroleum storage purposes, whose entire bottom is
supported uniformly on the ground or completely on supports; and
constructed as per API 650.
Berm
The annular area around the tank, inside the dike, normally used
for access to the tank and the equipment surrounding it.
Expulsion of crude oil (or certain other liquids) from burning
tank in a prolonged fire. As the lighter fractions of the oil burn
off, the heavier fractions become more dense than the hydrocarbon
underneath it, sink as a hot zone and produce a heat wave which on
reaching a water stratum
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result in the violent expulsion of the overlying oil by the
increase in volume of steaming water.
Crude Petroleum
Unrefined hydrocarbon mixtures having a flash point below 65.6OC
(1 50F). Dike
A bund wall of appropriate height and size, constructed of
suitable materials and designed for safe containment of any major
oil spillage from tank(s) to protect the natural environment and
surrounding areas having process units, waterways and adjoining
properties.
Flash Point
The lowest temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapour is
given off to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquid
surface as determined in the laboratory.
Impounding Basin
An enclosure, generally a large open area, for collecting liquid
spillage from one or more sources, for example to collect spillage
from two tank compounds.
Tank Field Area
Area comprising of one or multiple tanks, enclosed by dike
wall(s) and having equipment which are located outside the dike
walls but are meant for tank and fire fighting operations.
Classification of Petroleum Liquids
The classification of petroleum liquids (crude oil &
hydrocarbon products) and its subdivision of classes are given
below , based on the Institute of Petroleum (IP) : Model Code of
Safe Practice- Part 19 :
5
IP Classification
Class 0 - Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG ).
Class I - Liquids with a closed cup flash point below 21C
(69.8OF).
Class II(1) - Liquids with a closed cup flash point from 21 OC
(69.8OF) up to and including 55OC (131F), handled at a temperature
below flash point.
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 I Page 8 of 21 I REV. 1 Class Il(2) - Liquids
with a closed cup flash point from 2I0C(69.8OF) up to
and including 55OC (1 31 OF), handled at a temperature at or
above flash point.
Class III(1) - Liquids with a closed cup flash point from 55OC
(1 31 OF) up to and including 100C (21 2OF), handled at a
temperature below flash point.
Class lIl(2) - Liquids with a closed cup flash point from 55OC
(1 31 OF) up to and including 100C ( 21 2OF ), handled at a
temperature at or above flash point.
Unclassified -Liquids with closed cup flash point above 1 OOC
(21 2OF). Abbreviations
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
KOC Kuwait Oil Company ( K.S.C )
REFERENCE STANDARDS AND CODES
Conflicts
In the event of conflicts between this Standard and the
standards / codes referenced herein, or other contractual
requirements, the most stringent requirement shall apply. In case
further clarifications are required, the subject shall be brought
to the attention of KOCts Controlling Department. In general, the
sequence of precedence shall be followed as :
a. Kuwait Governmental Rules and Regulations b. KOC Technical
Specifications c. This KOC Standard ( KOC-L-027 ) d. International
codes and standards e. Contractor's standards and
specifications
List of Standards and Codes
The latest edition of the following standards, codes and
specifications shall apply:
4.2.1 International 1 National Standards
API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
API 2610 Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance and
Inspection of Terminal & Tank Facilities.
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lFCl International Fire Code Institute-Uniform Fire Code, Vol.
1
IP Model Code : Refining Safety Code. of Safe Practice Part
3
IP Model Code : Fire Precautions at Petroleum Refineries and
Bulk Storage of Safe Practice Installations Part 19
NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.
OSHA 29 CFR 191 0.106 Flammable and Combustible Liquids
4.2.2 KOC Standards
KOC-C-005 KOC Standard for Materials and Workmanship - Site
Preparation and Earth works.
KOC-C-026 KOC Standard for Storage Tank Foundation.
KOC-C-033 KOC Standard for Materials and Workmanship - Bund Wall
for Storage Tanks.
KOC-G-002 KOC Standard for Hazardous Area Classification.
KOC-G-007 KOC Standard for Basic Design Data.
KOC-L-009 KOC Standard for Fire and Safety Equipment
KOC-MV-007 KOC Standard for Field Erected Storage Tanks.
KOC Fire & Safety Regulations
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
5.1 The environmental conditions in Kuwait are severe. Due
regard should be given to the consistently high levels of solar
radiation experienced in Kuwait, which may develop surface
temperatures of over 80 C (1 76' F) in exposed materials, the
accompanying high evaporation rates and the significant periods
under light breeze or calm conditions.
5.2 Refer to KOC Standard for " Basic Design Data " (KOC-G-007)
which provides the detailed design information regarding the
environmental, site and utility supply conditions prevailing
throughout the KOC facilities.
6.0 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
6.1 The designer / contractor shall assure the compliance of
necessary HSE design requirements to minimize the consequences and
impacts of hazards on the surrounding environment and adjoining
facilities.
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 Pane 10 of 21 I REV. 1 I
All relevant safety requirement of the KOC Fire & Safety
Regulations and the KOC Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) policy
shall be adhered to within KOC areas.
BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The basic design concepts of tank field area and tank layout
should consider the following objectives to achieve : a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
f.
Site the
Good accessibility, and smooth movement of personnel and mobile
fire fighting equipment in the tank field area during a fire
incident.
Reduction of the risk of fire escalation to I from nearby
facilities, equipment, buildings and public properties.
Prevention of flames from a full surface fire on a tank from
impinging on an adjacent tank. Diking to provide secondary
containment of any major spillage by impounding the boil-over of
any tank holding flammable liquids for the protection of
environment and surrounding areas.
Proper drainage of any spillage, accidental leaks and overfills
of flammable liquids, to minimize the adverse effects on other
tanks and associated equipment.
An acceptable level of safety associated with adequate
preventive measures and fire protection systems.
specific reviews of the risk assessment analysis shall be
conducted on t I basis of stock characteristics, type of storage
tanks ( floating roof I
fixed roof ), proximity of other KOC facilities, public or
private properties, topography, and prevailing wind direction
during the initial design stage.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Location & Layout
The location and layout of aboveground petroleum tanks and tank
field area shall be decided on the basis of number of factors
including but should not be limited to the following :
a. Operating Requirements, b. Topographical Features, c. Fire
Protection, d. Accessibility, e. Drainage, f. Capacity Limitation,
g. Safe Separation Distances.
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 I Page 11 of 21 I REV. 1 Operating
Requirements
a. Tank field area should be located close to or remote from the
units, which it serves, on the basis of operating requirements.
b. Tanks shall normally be placed away and uphill from their
transfer pumps to facilitate flooded suctions of the pump(s).
c. Sometimes, tanks limited in size need to be located close to
the units, which it serves, to meet certain processingloperating
conditions (stock characteristics, quality control or other
factors) rather than storage requirements.
Topographical Features
a. Generally, topography of the tank field area shall be flat
level ground as much as possible with a gentle slope. However,
elevation, drainage, grading, excavation costs, and soil
characteristics shall be considered to use the surrounding natural
features to the maximum advantage.
b. The tank field area should, preferably, not be located at
levels higher than processing units in the same catchment area.
c. Storage tanks holding flammable liquids shall be installed in
such a way that any spill shall not flow towards a process area or
any other source of ignition.
Fire Protection
For fire protection, the fixed fire extinguishing systems shall
be installed on each tank in accordance with KOC Standard for "
Fire and Safety Equipment" (KOC-L-009) and other protective devices
specified in KOC Standard for " Field Erected Storage Tanks "
(KOC-MV-007). For fire mitigation and effective fire fighting in
the tankage area, the following factors as specified below shall be
given prime importance in the layout.
Accessibility
a. Unobtrusive access of emergency vehicles shall be provided
for a reasonable operating distance (18 m to 45 m) of hazards in
the tank field area for effective fire fighting efforts.
b. All-weather roads shall be provided around the perimeter of
each dike, on at ieast two sides, for ready access to all tanks and
shall be connected to the main access road system in the tankage
areas. Compacted gatch roads may be acceptable in Gathering Centers
and Booster Stations.
c. These roads shall be of minimum width of 7 m; and should be
located generally upwind of the tanks in the prevailing direction
of wind.
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 P a ~ e 12 of 21
Where an access road is located between two adjacent tank
compounds in a tank farm, the minimum distance between the
liquefied walls (i.e. boundaries of classified zones) of each tank
should be 24 m ( 75 f t ) as recommended in Appendix Ill (Note 4)
of KOC Standard for " Hazardous Area Classification " (KOC-G-002).
Turnouts shall be provided at convenient intervals to accommodate
multiple vehicles involved in handling any emergency. Hard standing
should also be considered at strategic locations for emergency
traffic in large tank farm areas.
Access ramps shall be provided for large compounds to assist
maintenance work and to aid fire fighting in certain situations.
Maintenance vehicles shall be allowed for access into these areas
with necessary KOC's permits.
8.1.5 Drainage
Natural features of the topography (elevation, gradient, water
channels etc.) shall be given due consideration in the layout from
the initial design stage showing existing, new and future tankage
in the area.
Drainage paths shall be provided to quickly remove spills and
leaks away from the tanks to nearby drain pits, sumps or impounding
basins so that any KOC facilities including pumps, valve manifolds,
electrical or any other equipment in the tank field shall not be
endangered.
Difference in elevation shall be used at a particular site in
meeting drainage requirements.
However, impounding and drainage areas for tanks handling
flammable liquids with flash points below 37.8OC (lOOF) including
crude oil, shall not be located at higher elevations than other
facilities. This should minimize the migration of spillage or
leakage through the soil to resurface at lower elevations, creating
fire risks to the facilities and surroundings.
8.1.6 Capacity Limitation
a. Single Floating roof tanks, holding all classes of liquids
including crude oil, shall be restricted to the maximum total
capacity of 1,000,000 BBLS ( 158,900 m3 within a single diked
compound.
b. Fixed roof tanks above 45 m diameter, staring / handling
crude oils within a single dike shall be subject to KOC's review
and approval.
8.1.7 Safe Separation Distances
The requirements for the safe separation distances of the tanks
holding crude oil I petroleum liquids from the operating facilities
and the boundaries
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of other adjoining tanks as well as for drainage and impoundage
shall conform to the following clauses from 9.0 to 12.0 of this
Standard.
TANK GROUPING
Tanks of diameter up to 10 m and height of 1 4 m or less shall
be considered as small tanks; and when grouped together with the
aggregate capacity of the group not exceeding 8000 m3 ( 50,346 BBLS
1, may be regarded as one tank for the consideration of tank
spacing or diking in accordance with IP-19.
The distance between individual tanks in such above group shall
be governed by constructional and operating convenience, but shall
not be less than 3.0 m.
Floating/ Fixed roof tanks not meeting the above criteria in
clause 9.1 shall be located individually within a single diked
compound.
Tanks should, preferably, not be grouped with different classes
of liquids and different types in the same dike.
TANK SPACING
General
The spacing requirements between tanks and between tanks and
dikes / property lines are recommended on the basis of prevailing
experiences for design guidance and for preliminary layout under
normal conditions. However, the suggested distances are made
conservative as exceptions to IP 19 or NFPA 30, to meet KOC's
safety requirements.
NOTE : LASTFIRE project of 16 m#or oil companies reviewing the
risks associated with large diameter (> 40 m) open-top floating
roof storage tanks, concludes that there is no truly validated
basis except experience behind the spming requirements in the
current standards to minimize the risks of fire escdstrbn 8s odined
in clause 7. I of this Standard.
Risk Assessment Studies
The safe distances of tank(s) from other facilities and
adjoining tanks shall be determined by using KOC approved and
tested computerized models of the heat radiation and risk
assessment analysis with site specific information in accordance
with clause 7.2 of this Standard.
Inter Tank Spacing (Shell-To-Shell) 10.3.1 The final inter tank
spacing shall be decided, considering the proper scale
of fire protection facilities and associated risks involved, on
the basis of risk assessment analysis. However, i n absence of
reliable analysis or modeling, the inter tank safe distances
between shell to shell shall not be less than
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DOC. NO. KOC-LQ27 I Page 14 of 21 I REV. 1 1.5 times the largest
tank diameter in order to ensure safety with minimum
performance/flow rate from deluge water pumps.
Whenever the risk assessment studies determine the safe inter
tank (shell- to-shell) distances less than the largest diameter,
the minimum shell-to-shell distance shall be provided not less than
1.0 times the largest tank diameter.
Distance from Property Lines 81 Public Roadways
The following criteria shall be taken into consideration for the
safe distances of aboveground tanks with respect to the property
lines and public roadways :
a. Pressure limitation of tanks under emergency venting
conditions. b. Type of liquid stored and its characteristics under
fire conditions. c. Type of tank and protection for exposures
available. d. Proximity of high traffic public ways, degree of
occupation ( low /
medium / high ) and any important facilities. e. Alternate use
of the area near the property line for tanks containing
iquids with flash points above 60C (140F) to reduce the
potential risk.
As a minimum, the safe distances of the nearest floating / fixed
roof tank(s) shall be not less than 300 m (1000 ft) from the public
or private property lines; and shall not be less than 60 m (200ft)
from the public roadways respectively.
Tank Spacing from Operating Facilities
The spacing requirements between tanks and other operating
equipment (separators, pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
compressors, pumps, heaters, etc.) including operating facilities
shall be decided as per the minimum distances specified in
Appendix- I.
DIKES AND DIKED AREAS
General
Dikes shall be provided around tank(s) for protection of
important facilities, adjoining surroundings, waterways and nearby
properties from any accidental discharge of liquids pertaining to
the IP classification of Class I, II & Ill as per clause 3.2.1
of this Standard.
Dikes shall be designed with sufficient height, as measured from
the outside ground level, to afford protection for personnel when
engaged in fire-fighting; but shall not restrict ventilation in the
tankage area.
Diked areas located in extremely porous soils may require
special treatment to prevent seepage of hazardous quantities of
liquids (Class 1) to low lying areas.
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 I Page 16 of 21 I REV. 1 I
Dikes shall be liquid-tight, impervious to the liquid and shall
be designed to withstand a full hydrostatic head.
Capacity
Dikes shall be sized to contain the greatest amount of liquid
that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area,
assuming 11 5% of tank rated capacity.
The net retention capacity of the diked area enclosing more than
one tank, shall be calculated by deducting the following from the
total capacity of the enclosed area :
a. the volume of all tanks, other than the largest, below the
height of the dike (excluding the freeboard); and
b. the volume of all intermediate dikes.
Height
The average interior height of the diked area shall not be more
than 1800 mm (6ft) above the interior grade level unless as
described in the following clauses 11.3.2 lh11.3.3.
Greater height than 1800 mm shall be permitted, where special
provisions are provided for normal access and necessary emergency
access to tanks, valves and other equipment, and safe exit from the
diked area.
Where the average height of the dike containing flammable
liquids (Class I) is over 3600 mm (12 ft) from the interior grade
level, special design features such as remote operated valves,
elevated walkways or similar arrangements shall be provided.
An allowance of freeboard shall be provided below the actual
dike height for the capacity calculation to account for future
consolidation, settlement or possible erosion as given below :
a. 150 mm for dikes up to an effective height of 1200 mm; b. 300
mm for dikes of an effective height of 1800 mm; c. 600 mm for dikes
up to an effective height of 3600 mm.
Fire Walls
Each diked area, if containing two or more tanks, shall be
subdivided at least by fire walls (intermediate dikes) in order to
prevent small spills from endangering adjacent tanks within the
same compound in compliance with the requirements of NFPA 30.
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Alternately, drainage channels between the tanks may also be
used for quick disposal of the spilled liquid by gravity to a
remote impounding basin.
Fire walls, where used, shall not be less than 450 mm in height
if formed of earth, and at least 300 mm high if made of
concrete.
Dike Construction
Dikes shall normally be of earth construction with suitable KOC
approved fill materials, and shall be stabilized and protected from
erosion by one of the following approved protective lining in
conformity with " KOC Standard for Materials and Workmanship - Bund
Wall for Storage Tanks " ( KOC-C- 033) :- a. Asphalt lining, or b.
Bitumen sand lining, or c. Concrete lining.
Other materials of construction (concrete or masonry ) may be
used in any special case for small dikes and small areas but shall
be subject to KOC's review and approval for its application.
Earthen dikes shall be constructed in compliance with the
requirements specified in KOC Standard KOC-C-033 .
For earthen dikes, the slopes shall be consistent with the angle
of repose of the fill materials for stability and safe
maintenance.
Earthen dikes shall have a minimum flat top width of 600 mm for
heights up to 1200 mm; and minimum 900 mm above heights of 1200 mm
as a walkway on top.
Whenever the dike height exceeds 1200 mm from the toe, stairway
access shall be provided to the inside of dike area at least from
one convenient location of each side of the dike from the roads for
ease of entry. No ladder shall be provided for access.
Stairway shall be made of either precast concrete sleepers with
handrails which shall be properly embedded into the dike slopes; or
of steel construction with galvanized serrated treads and
handrails. Stairway(s) shall be at least 1000 mm wide with steps
not less than 300 mm in width. Step heights should be either not
less than 150 mm or not more than 200 mm depending on dike
height.
Within the dikes, berms shall be made with sufficient width and
slope around the tank(s) in accordance with KOC Standard for "
Storage Tank Foundation" (KOC-C-026) for access to hatches,
appurtenances and equipment mounted on or near the tank.
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027
Any cutting or opening in the existing dike wall shall be
subject to the written approval from KOC Loss Prevention Group and
shall be rectified in conformity with the requirements of KOC
Standard KOC-C-033.
Drainage
The areas inside the dike shall be graded with a slope away from
the tank(s), piping and other equipment for surface drainage
towards drain pit(s) or sump(s) or any impounding basin. The
minimum slope shall be not less than 1 % from the edges of tank
berm around the tanks for at least either 15 m or to the dike base
whichever is less.
Drain pit(s) or sump(s) shall be provided within the dike area
at the farthest locations from the nearest tank. Drain pits should
preferably be minimum two (2) Nos. located diagonally on the
opposite corners, having safe access from outside clear areas.
The drainage system shall also be sized to handle the surface
runoff of storm water, fire water and accidental overfill, leak or
spill of flammable or combustible liquid from any tank and if
required, shall use shallow 1 deep ditches and/or diversion
channels for quick disposal.
Oil interceptors of adequate sizes should be considered in the
drainage system of the dikes so that no hydrocarbon will be
discharged into any watercourses or adjoining lands.
Piping and Equipment
Piping
a. Piping inside the dikes shall be restricted solely to the
lines which are directly associated with tank(s) in that area. All
other piping shall be located outside the diked area. Piping for
any tank or a group of tanks shall not run through other diked
areas but may cross fire walls within that group, if necessary.
b. The main pipe way to the tank(s) should preferably be under
ground. But if run above ground, it shall be on concrete or steel
supports and be at a minimum distance of 7.5 m (25 ft) from any
tank in the diked area. Manifolds shall be located outside the
dikes. Steel pipe supports shall be fireproofed for a 2 hour fire
exposure.
c. Piping or conduits should not pass through dike walls; but if
they penetrate, they shall be designed to prevent buildup of
excessive stresses on pipes or conduits as a result of settlement
or fire exposure.
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d. Pipelines passing through the earthen dikes shall be
adequately protected from external corrosion by use of coatings and
pipe sleeves. Pipe sleeves are normally preferred for ease of
maintenance. The annular space around the pipes or conduits in the
dike wall shall be properly sealed.
e. Penetration of dikes (except drains) shall be kept to a
minimum to prevent leakage paths through the dike.
11.7.2 Equipment
a. Pump(s) serving only one tank or one group of tanks in a
common diked area shall be located outside the dike at least a
minimum distance of 7.5 m (25 ft) from the dike wall.
b. Deluge valves to be used for fire fighting shall be located
outside of the diked area to provide protection from and access to
during a fire incident or a spill.
c. Block valves for drainage shall be located outside the diked
area to be safely operated during an emergency. These valves shall
be normally closed and secured.
d. All electrical equipment to be installed inside the hazardous
zones 1 dike areas shall conform to the relevant parts of KOC
Recommended for " Selection, Installation and Maintenance of
Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Areas" (KOC-E-004). The extent of
hazardous zones shall be classified in accordance with " KOC
Standard for Hazardous Area Classifications " (KOC-G-002).
e. Electrical equipment, not complying with KOC-E-004, shall be
located outside the diked area away from the drainage pats and
impounding areas so that they are unlikely to be damaged in case of
any spill fire.
REMOTE IMPOUNDING
Remote impounding shall also be considered, if the site
topography permits, to contain any spills from the tank field(s),
where impounding by diking is not provided fully.
As a minimum, the impounding area shall be designed to hold the
contents of the largest tank in the tank field or at least 10% of
the total contents of all tanks of that group, whichever is
greater.
At basin capacity, the impounded liquid shall be at least 300 m
away from the nearest tank and from any property line that can be
built on.
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correspondence, instructions, data sheets, drawings or any other
itten information shall be in English language. In case of dual
languages,
language shall be English.
dimensions, units of measurement, physical constants etc. shall
be in SI unless otherwise specified. ( Nominal bore pipe sizes to
be generally
in inches ).
All documents (text, data sheets, specifications etc.) shall be
provided with el I ctronic files in the approved and widely used
software ( MS Word,
AutoCad etc.).
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14.0 APPENDIX-I : MINIMUM TANK SPACING FROM OPERATING
FACILITIES
2
3
4
6 Small Product Tanks from Exchangers, 15 m (50 ft) Drums,
Transformers, Loading Racks
7 Tanks 1 Tanks Impounding Basins from the Flares : a. Elevated
a. 300 m (1 000 ft)
Diesel Tanks from the Operating Facility
B
b. Ground 1 Burn Pit b. 150 m (500 ft) 8 Flow or Storage Tanks
from Oil Well 300m (1000ft)
Tanks from the Electrical Substations and Fire Water Pumping
Stations Tanks from the Operation Control
To be confirmed by Flare Heat Radiation.
30 m (100 ft)
5
- Do -
60 m (200 ft) 150 m (500 ft)
- Do -
- Do - Building Tanks from Heaters 60m (150ft) - Do -
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DOC. NO. KOC-L-027 I Page 2 1 of 21 REV. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Standard has been approved by the Standards Technical
Committee ( STC ) consisting of the following :-
Mr. Ali H. Baba ( Standards Div.) Chairman Mr. Mohd. Emam (
Insp.& Corr. Div.) Deputy Chairman Mr. S. Kumar ( Standards
Div.) Secretary1 Member Dr. Mohammad llyas ( Standards Div.) Member
Mr. Khalid S. AI-Ali ( Maint. Proj. Div.) Member Mr. Henry S. Hill
( Maint. Plng. Div.) Member Mr. Jassem Al- Quraini ( PMD- North )
Member
The draft of this Standard has been circulated to the KOC User
Departments for their review and responses were received from the
following :-
ENGINEERING GROUP
Gen. Supdt. Engg. Services Gen. Supdt. Proj. Mgmt ( N&W
)
PROD.& EXPORT OPNS. GROUP
Gen. Supdt. Prod. Services Gen. Supdt. Prod. Opns ( N&W )
Gen. Supdt. Mar.& Export Opn.
MAJOR PROJECTS GROUP LOSS PREVENTION GROUP
Gen. Supdt. Engg. Projects ( N&E ) Gen. Supdt. Fire &
Safety
MAINTENANCE GROUP INDUSTRIAL SERVICES GROUP
Gen. Supdt. Maint. Services. Gen. Supdt. Maint. (S&E) Gen.
Supdt. Maint. (N&W)
Gen. Supdt. Ahmadi Services Gen. Supdt. Transport &
Plant
This KOC Standard for " Layout, Spacing and Diking of Petroleum
storage Tanks " has been prepared by the Task Force (TF-LPl02)
comprising of the following members :-
Mr. S, Kumar - Standards Div. - Team LeaderIAuthor Tel. No.
61407 Mr. J. Masood - Engg Design Div. - Member Tel. No. 61322 Mr.
Rafiq Khan - Gen. Proj. Div. - Member Tel. No. 61 356 Mr.
F.Al-Qattan - Fire & HSE Div. - Member Tel. No. 67389 Mr.
Faisal Mirza - Standards Div. - Member Tol. No. 61 151
