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© 2004 FINAStandard What is the role of the referee? What is the perspective of the referee? How does it differ from coaches, players and spectators? What is “good play”? What is meant by “refereeing at the level of play”? What is “flow of the game”? Officiating Principles
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Standard Clinic Part 1:Principles of Refereeing
Version 3.2Release date: 2004
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 2
2004 Points of Emphasis Players must put the ball in play
correctly. Allow the former set and defender to
untangle when possession changes; do no call a foul too quickly.
Just because a slough is coming, a referee can still call ordinary or exclusion fouls against the center back.
Minimize calling offensive fouls away from the ball.
Be an offensive-minded referee.
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 3
What is the role of the referee? What is the perspective of the
referee? How does it differ from coaches,
players and spectators? What is “good play”?
What is meant by “refereeing at the level of play”?
What is “flow of the game”?
Officiating Principles
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 4
The Referee Is …
The STAR of the SHOW!!
NOT
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 5
Referee as Mediator
Be an impartial observer.
Let the players play the game Don’t let them
control the game Reward the good Punish the bad
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 6
Let Justice Be Served For every situation
a referee can have: The most correct
answer The most incorrect
answer Everything in
between Try to be as close
to the most correct answer as possible
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 7
BE CONSISTENT!
What is a foul at one end of the pool is a foul at the other end of the pool.
What is a foul in the first minute of the game is a foul in the last minute of the game.
Don’t be a puzzle!
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 8
Goals of Consistency:
From month-to-month, week-to-week, game-to-game.
From period-to-period. Between the white team and dark
team. Between you and the other
referee.
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 9
What is the role of the referee? What is the perspective of the
referee? How does it differ from coaches,
players and spectators? What is “good play”?
What is meant by “refereeing at the level of play”?
What is “flow of the game”?
Officiating Principles
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 10
Looking at the game as a whole.
Can the attacking team do what it wants to?
Was the ability of the defending team to protect against a goal taken away?
The Referee Perspective
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 11
What’s the Difference?
Players see things related to themselves (id)
Coaches see things as related to the team (ego)
Referees see things related to both teams (superego)
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 12
And Spectators …..
SIMPLY WANT
THEIR TEAM TO
WIN!!!!
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 13
Officiating Principles
What is the role of the referee? What is the perspective of the
referee? How does it differ from coaches,
players and spectators? What is “good play”?
What is meant by “refereeing at the level of play”?
What is “flow of the game”?
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 14
Principles of Good Play
Maintain Advantage Three “P’s” of advantage
•possessional•positional•probable goal
Offensive advantage Defensive positions
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 15
Referee “Shoulds” ...
Let the offense play The offense has to play good
offense Allow good defense
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 16
Playing Offense The objective of the attacking
team is to gain and maintain offensive advantage.
Examples: Good passes and ball control. Protecting the ball. Working for position. Taking good, high percentage shots.
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 17
Playing Defense The objective of the defending
team is to prevent goals.
Examples: Play in the “lanes” and prevent good
passes. Pressure players to give up the ball. Working for better position. Force low percentage shots.
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 18
So, What Is Good Play?
Good defensive play minimizing the passing lanes staying ball side maintaining horizontal body position
Good offensive play good passes and ball handling good picks and drives attaining positions of advantage
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 19
Good play is easy to recognize because the referee will not find any reason to call a foul against that team!
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 20
Officiating Principles
What is the role of the referee? What is the perspective of the
referee? How does it differ from coaches,
players and spectators? What is “good play”?
What is meant by “refereeing at the level of play”?
What is “flow of the game”?
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 21
Level of Play
There are different levels of play The level of play dictates how
advantage should be applied What is a good pass? What is good defense?
Advantage changes more rapidly for less skilled players
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 22
Officiating Principles
What is the role of the referee? What is the perspective of the
referee? How does it differ from coaches,
players and spectators? What is “good play”?
What is meant by “refereeing at the level of play”?
What is “flow of the game”?
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 23
Flow of the Game
Flow differs for every referee depends on their understanding of
the game depends on their skill and experience
There is more “flow” with more experienced referees more skilled players
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 24
What is Flow? Games have a pattern to them
some things feel “right” (belong) some things feel “wrong” (don’t belong)
Refereeing flow is making sure what feels right takes place getting rid of what feels wrong
Essentially, ensure that the natural progression of the game comes to its proper conclusion.
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 25
Basics of the Game
Markings on the Field of Play Player marking system
Player on offense is “o”; defense is “x” Standard set offense Player advantage offense
Definition of near and far posts Definition of strong and weak side
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 26
Pool Layout:Men/Women 30 x 20 m
G 2 4 7 H 7 4 2 G
Reen
tryAr
eaReentry
Area
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 27
Basics of the Game
Markings on the Field of Play Player marking system
Player on offense is “o”; defense is “x” Standard set offense Player advantage offense
Inside Water Definition of near and far posts Definition of strong and weak side
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 28
Standard Set Offense
GG
oo
o
oo
ox
xx
x
xx
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 29
Standard PlayerAdvantage Offense
GG
o
o
o o
o
ox
x
x
x
x
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 30
Basics of the Game
Markings on the Field of Play Player marking system
Player on offense is “o”; defense is “x” Standard set offense Player advantage offense
Inside Water Definition of near and far posts Definition of strong and weak side
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 31
Inside WaterXO
X O
X O
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 32
General Thoughts About Mechanics
Hand Signals being clear and pointing correctly
Whistles speaking/communicating with your
whistle don’t whistle too much standard whistles
Communicating Verbally when to drop your whistle
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 33
Practice, Practice, Practice
Hand signals and mirrors Whistles
indoors outdoors
Situations Anticipation
© 2004 FINA Standard 3.2 - 34
The End of Part 1Principles of Refereeing