Standard

10.7.2 - Trace Stalin’s rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, political policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine).

Objective

I will catalog Stalin’s rise through power through the use of totalitarianism and how he abused the Russia people.

WARM UP: WHAT WAS THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION? WHAT WERE THE 8 CAUSES OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION? 8 CONSEQUENCES?

Czar Nicholas II does a bad job.Lenin and the Bolsheviks revolt against him

and dethrone himBolsheviks eventually take control of RussiaRussian Civil War leads to the death of Czar

Nicholas IILenin takes full control of RussiaLenin dies of a stroke in 1922.

RECAP

Trotsky becomes the leader of the Bolsheviks Russia offi cially renames itself Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics Bolsheviks rename themselves the Communist Party

Used the writing of Karl Marx to set up their government

After Lenin dies, Trotsky and Stalin fight for control of Russia Stalin takes control due to his connections in the

Communist party. Takes on the name “Stalin” which means Man of Steel Started as the General Secretary of the Communist Party

Lenin was weary of Stalin believing that he was a dangerous man

Trotsky is forced into exile in 1929 when Stalin takes full control of the Communist party.

THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER

A government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life.

Leaders of totalitarianism give a sense of security and direction for the future

The use of mass communication (phones, telegraphs, etc) make it possible to control all aspects of citizen’s lives.

Usually has a charismatic leader who can support his actions through use of his words

Has a secret police to crush those who oppose him Also creates a sense of fear in his people to not rebel

Uses terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship and religious or ethnic persecution

TOTALITARIANISM

Use terror and violence to force people to obey their rule.

Police are used to enforce the will of the state not to protect the safety of the people

Spying on the citizens or using intimidating actions to scare them into being obedient

Can end up with the use of brutal force or murder

POLICE TERROR

IndoctrinationInstruction in the

government’s beliefs to mold the mind of its people

This is done through the educational system Glorification of the leader of

the state Must give unconditional

loyalty and supportBegins with young

children and enforced by schools

Propaganda

Used to sway people’s belief through bias or incomplete information

Must be allowed by the state

Cannot say that the information is wrong Would be severely

punished

INDOCTRINATION AND PROPAGANDA

• Create scapegoats (enemies of the state or people to blame) for things that were going wrong• They are the target of violence and terror

because they are an easy target for groups of people to hate• May be forced into a certain area to live or

have specific laws for only them.

RELIGIOUS OR ETHNIC PERSECUTION

Q: What is totalitarianism and what are the 4 main aspects one needs in order to run a totalitarian government?

A: Totalitarianism is a government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. A totalitarian ruler uses terror, indoctrination, propaganda, and religious or ethnic persecution in order to rule.

IN RUSSIA, QUESTION ANSWERS YOU.

Stalin wanted to create a perfect USSR through totalitarianism Police state

Used tanks and armored cars to stop riots Monitored phone calls, read mail, and had spies

everywhere Children began to tell the state about things they heard

at home The secret police began to execute millions for their

disobedience The Great Purge

Eliminated anyone who opposed him in the Communist party. Those who helped in the 1917 revolution stood trial Sent to prison camps or labor camps for “crimes against the state” Total control of the Communist party 8-13 million deaths

QUIT STALIN, IT’S TIME TO BUILD THE USSR

Russian propaganda and censorship Controlled all newspapers, movies, radio, and any source

of information Would say how great Stalin was and all his accomplishments

Creative artists were censored by Stalin Art was also used for propaganda

Education and indoctrination Controlled all education from nursery schools to

universities Learned how great the Communist Party and Stalin was People could not say that any information was incorrect

with fear of imprisonment or death Religious persecution

Had a group of atheists known as the League of the Militant Godless attack religion Main target was the Russian Orthodox Church Destroyed churches and many leaders killed or sent to labor camps

STILL STALIN – CREATING THE PERFECT USSR

He recognized that they were behind in technology and industry compared to the other countries “we are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced

countries. We must make good this distance in ten years”

Created a command economy A system in which the government makes all the

decisions Political leaders identify what is a need of the country

and how to fulfill the needFive years plan

Set quotas that were too hard to accomplish Wanted to increase the production of steel, coal, oil and

electricity Did not produce goods which could be sold to the people

People began to starve and become homeless without basic needs

Although it was tough, the USSR made gains in the economy

STALIN TAKES THE ECONOMY

1928 – the government takes over 25 million farms which were privately owned

Created a collective farm Large government owned farms Hundreds of families would work on the farm to produce

food for the stateExpectation was that with modernizing, output of food

would go up Had resistance with the wealthy peasants who were

murdered or sent to prison camps if they resisted People began to protest by killing livestock and destruction

of crops 5-10 million peasants died because they resisted

State farms were created where farming was more diffi cult Mostly produced wheat in a factory like environment

THE USSR HAS AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Life was completely revolutionized under Stalin Women had more of a role in society

1917 revolution declared that women and men were equals Women joined the labor force due to Stalin’s 5 year plan

Men however held the best jobs Women were getting jobs in the science and engineering fields

and eventually made up 75% of Soviet doctors by 1950 Had to do both their jobs and the household duties while being

responsible for producing kids for the future More education with new technical skills More highly skilled workers were needed.

Education was the answer to not end up in a collective farm or in a peasant type job

All good things come with a price People lost personal freedom Less consumer goods due to Stalin’s 5 year plan

WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE UNDER STALIN?

The Soviet Union became an industrial and political power due to Stalin’ totalitarian government

Was unopposed as dictator and controlled the Communist Party

He viewed creativity at an individual level a threat to conformity Wanted 100% obedience from his people

This new government would be adopted by other countries during this time Seen as an alternative to the constitutional government China adopts this type of government with Mao Ze Dong

ASSUMING DIRECT CONTROL

Q: How did Stalin use the 4 major principles of totalitarianism to gain complete control of the USSR?

A: Stalin used police terror by monitoring phone calls and reading mail, as well as having the Great Purge which was a “cleansing” of the Communist party of people who did not support Stalin. He controlled all the media and other forms of art which was pro Stalin. He began to indoctrinate kids at a very young age, and any challenge to this type of education was punishable by imprisonment or death. Lastly he blamed the Russian Orthodox Church because he saw faith as disobedience. The League of Militant Godless began to destroy Churches and kill those affi liated with the Church.

QUESTION IS STILL ANSWERING YOU.