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GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
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Direct Instruction
Today we’ll be learning about points of view in stories. A point of view is a way of looking at things. In stories, points of view have to do with narrators and characters. We’ll look at different kinds of narrators and the ways in which characters express their ideas and feelings. Let’s start by listening to the beginning of a famous novel by Anna Sewell, called Black Beauty. As I read, think about who is telling the story.
Read aloud:
ThefirstplacethatIcanwellrememberwasapleasantmeadowwithapondofclearwaterinit.Someshadytreesleanedoverit,andrushesandwater-liliesgrewatthedeepend.Overthehedgeononesidewelookedintoaploughedfield,andontheotherwelookedoveragateatourmaster’shouse,whichstoodbytheroadside;atthetopofthemeadowwasaplantingoffir-trees,andatthebottomarunningbrook,overhungbyasteepbank.
WhileIwasyoungIliveduponmymother’smilk,asIcouldnoteatgrass.InthedaytimeIranbyherside,andatnightIlaydownclosebyher.Whenitwashotweusedtostandbythepondintheshadeofthetrees,andwhenitwascoldwehadawarmshednearthefir-trees.
AssoonasIwasoldenoughtoeatgrass,mymotherwentouttoworkinthedaytime,andcamebackintheevening.
Thereweresixyoungcoltsinthemeadowbesidesme;theywereolderthanIwas;somewerenearlyaslargeasgrown-uphorses.Iusedtorunwiththemandhadgreatfun;weusedtogallopalltogetherroundthefield,ashardaswecouldgo.Sometimestheplaywasrough,fortheywouldfrequentlybiteandkick,aswellasgallop.
DescriptionSupplemental Lexia Lessons can be used for whole class, small group or individualized instruction to extend learning and enhance student skill development. This lesson is designed to help students identify and describe the narrator in fiction and distinguish among narrators’ points of view. Students use and cite what is shown in the text to tell about characterization and their own views of characters.
Teacher Tips
To help students understand the terms first-person and third-person, you may want to provide a chart showing these pronouns in each category:
First Person I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves
Third Person he, she, it, him, her, his, hers, himself, herself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves
Preparation/Materials
• Copies of passages (to pass out to students)
Script page 2
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
This
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Ask the following questions to focus attention on the narrator:
Who is telling the story?(ahorse)
What details in the story help you know that the narrator is a horse? (Thenarratortellsaboutstayingoutside,eatinggrass,andrunningwithothercolts.)
How does the narrator seem to feel about these memories?(happy,rememberinghowmuchfunitwastogalloptogether)
The storyteller in a written story is called a narrator. If the narrator is also a character in the story, we say that the story is told from the first-person point of view. The narrator uses first-person pronouns, such as I, me, my, we, us. We can understand how the character feels, based on what he or she tells us.
Now listen as I read from another famous novel. As I read, think about who is narrating the story.
Read aloud:
Fromthefarnorththeyheardalowwailofthewind,andUncleHenryandDorothycouldseewherethelonggrassbowedinwavesbeforethecomingstorm.Therenowcameasharpwhistlingintheairfromthesouth,andastheyturnedtheireyesthatwaytheysawripplesinthegrasscomingfromthatdirectionalso.
SuddenlyUncleHenrystoodup.
“There’sacyclonecoming,Em,”hecalledtohiswife;“I’llgolookafterthestock.”Thenherantowardtheshedswherethecowsandhorseswerekept.AuntEmdroppedherworkandcametothedoor.Oneglancetoldherofthedangercloseathand.
“Quick,Dorothy!”shescreamed;“runforthecellar!”
This passage comes from the novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum. How can you tell that the narrator is not a character in the story? (Thenarratordoesn’tusefirst-personpronouns.Wedon’tknowwhothenarratoris,justthatthenarratortellsaboutthecharactersandwhattheydo.)
Reread the last two paragraphs of the excerpt.
How does Aunt Em feel? (worried,scared)How can you tell? (Sheseesdangercloseathand,andscreamstoDorothytorunforsafetyinthecellar.)
A narrator who is outside the story has a third-person point of view. The narrator uses third-person pronouns, such as they, them, she, her, he, and his to tell about the characters. We understand how the characters feel because the narrator describes them and their actions.
When we read a story, it’s interesting to think about who the narrator is and what the narrator knows. We can ask ourselves whether the story is told from the first-person or third-person point of view. We can use the narrator’s words to understand what is happening and how the characters feel about it.
Script page 3
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
This
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Guided PracticeDisplay and distribute the first passage. Read aloud the passage as students follow along, or call on volunteers to read the passage aloud. Then ask these questions to focus attention on point of view:
Who is the narrator of this story?(Penny,themaincharacter)
Which first-person pronouns help you identify the point of view? (StudentsshouldpointoutexamplesofI,me,mythatarenotwithindialogue.)
How does Penny feel when she sees herself in the mirror? (surprised,frightened) How can you tell? (Shesays,“Oh,help!”withagasp.Anyonewouldbesurprisedtosuddenlybecomeinvisible.)
Distribute the second page, which shows the same passage with missing words.
The author decided to make Penny the narrator of the story. But we can change the story from a first-person to a third-person point of view. Let’s see how the story changes if we do that.
Guide students in contrasting the first-person point of view in the complete version to the third-person point of view in the incomplete version. Discuss which pronouns and other words belong on the blanks, and write them with students. More than one choice can fit on each blank.
One example of a completed text:
“Penny,lookwhatIfoundatayardsale,”Penny’smothertoldher.Shepointedtoasmallchestofthreedrawersandsaid,“It’sjustwhatyouneedforyourroom.”
Pennycarriedthechesttoherroomandopenedthedrawers.Hiddeninthebackofthebottomdrawerwasablackcloth.Sheunfoldedit.Itwasacape,likeonethatmagicianswearwhentheyperformtheiracts.
Pennyputthecapearoundhershoulders.Shefeltastrangetinglefromheadtotoe.She walkedovertothemirrortoseehowitlooked.
“Oh,help!”Pennygasped.
Shesawnothinginthemirror,noreflectionatall.Thecapehadmadeherinvisible!
Independent ApplicationDistribute the two short passages on reproducible pages 3 and 4. Read the directions with students, and have them paraphrase to show that they understand the task. Emphasize that when students cite text evidence supporting their responses, they should use quotation marks around words taken directly from the story. Students may write their paragraphs on another sheet of paper.
Script page 4
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
This
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Sample response:
Inthefirststory,thenarratorisoutsidethestory,tellingwhathappensfromthethird-personpointofview.ThenarratortellswhatVinnieisthinkinganddoing.Vinnieis“afraid”andthinkshe“mightdrown”ifheswimsunderwater.Afterhedivesforthequarter,he“wavesitoverhead,”andshouts“happily,”soheprobablyfeelsproudofhissuccess.
Thesecondstoryistoldfromthefirst-personpointofview.Celia,Vinnie’ssister,isthearrator.Whenshesays,“ThenIhadanidea,”sheprobablyfeelssmartabouthowtogetVinnietoovercomehisfear.ShedoesitbytrickingVinnieintodivingforaquarter.Sheshouts,“Hey,what’sdownthere?Itlookslikeacoin,”whenshe’stheonewhotosseditthere.Shelaughsattheendbecausehertrickworked,andshe’shappyforherbrother.
Review and compare responses as a group.
Wrap-UpCheck students’ understanding.
What is the difference between an author and a narrator? (Theauthormakesupthestory,andalsodecideswhothenarratorwillbe.Thenarratorislikethestoryteller.)
How can you tell that the narrator of a story is also a character in the story? (ThenarratorwillsayIandmetoshowwhoistellingthestory.Thenarratorhasafirst-personpointofview.)
What is the difference between a first-person point of view and a third-person point of view? (Whenastoryistoldfromafirst-personpointofview,acharacteristhenarratorofthestory,usingfirst-personpronounslikeIandme.Anarratorusesthird-personpronounslikehe, she, him, her, they,totellaboutthecharactersinastorytoldfromathird-personpointofview.)
Use students’ responses to guide your choice of activities in the Adaptations section on the following page.
Script page 5
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
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Adaptations
For Students Who Need More Support
Option 1: Do the Independent Application writing assignment as a group, prompting ideas for sentences in response to each of the bulleted items in the directions.
Option 2: Use students’ independent reading to find a story rich with dialogue. Select an excerpt for students to analyze with you. Ask students to name each speaker and tell how the speaker probably sounds, based on clues in the text. Distribute the roles of narrator and characters, and have students read the excerpt aloud.
For Students Ready to Move On
Option 1: Display a range of chapter books or novels at students’ reading levels. Tell students to choose a chapter to analyze. In their analysis, they should note the point of view of the narrator and list five things they can tell about the main character. For each listed statement, they should be prepared to tell why it is a valid description. Allow time to discuss their listed items and their reasoning: Is the information directly stated in the text? What clues in the text support an inference?
Option 2: Talk about familiar fables and fairy tales, and how the story might be different if told from an alternative point of view. Encourage students to try to write part of the story with a new narrator.
Reproducible page 1
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
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Passage 1
“Penny, look what I found at a yard sale,” my mother said to me. She pointed to a small chest of three drawers and said, “It’s just what you need for your room.”
I carried the chest to my room and opened the drawers. Hidden in the back of the bottom drawer was a black cloth. I unfolded it. It was a cape, like one that magicians wear when they perform their acts.
I put the cape around my shoulders. I felt a strange tingle from head to toe. I walked over to the mirror to see how it looked.
“Oh, help!” I gasped.
Isawnothinginthemirror,noreflectionatall.Thecapehadmade me invisible!
Reproducible page 2
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
This
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Passage 2
“Penny, look what I found at a yard sale,” _______________. She
pointed to a small chest of three drawers and said, “It’s just what you
need for your room.”
_______________ carried the chest to _______________ room and
opened the drawers. Hidden in the back of the bottom drawer was a
black cloth. _______________ unfolded it. It was a cape, like one that
magicians wear when they perform their acts.
_______________ put the cape around _______________
shoulders. _______________ felt a strange tingle from head to toe.
_______________ walked over to the mirror to see how it looked.
“Oh, help!” _______________ gasped.
_______________sawnothinginthemirror,noreflectionatall.The
cape had made _______________ invisible!
Reproducible page 3
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
This
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a co
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of
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Directions: Read each story. Then write one or two paragraphs to answer these questions:
• Who is the narrator in each story?
• Is the story told from a first-person or third-person point of view?
• How does each character feel about the event? What words from the story help you know that?
Passage A
Vinniewaslearningtoswim.Hecouldfloatwithhisfaceinthewater,andhecouldfloatonhisback.
“Tryswimmingunderwater,”hisoldersistertoldhim.“It’sfun.”
“I just don’t want to, Celia,” Vinnie answered. But he knew the real reason. He was afraid. If he put his whole head underwater, he might drown!
“Hey, what’s down there?” Celia suddenly said as she pointed to the bottom of the pool. “It looks like a coin.”
“Where?” asked Vinnie, peering into the water through his goggles. He saw something shiny. “I’ll get it!” he said without thinking. Holding his breath, he kicked his way to the bottom and grabbed the coin. He reached the surface and waved it overhead. “It’s a quarter,” he shouted happily.
Celia laughed. “See?” she said, “you can swim underwater!”
Reproducible page 4
GRADE 4 | ComprehensionReading Fiction: Points of View (Supplemental)
Lexia Reading Core5LEXIA LESSONS
CCSS
: RL
.4.6
This
mat
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a co
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nent
of
Lexi
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Passage B
I love swimming. My younger brother Vinnie is just a beginner. He’ll put his face into the water, but I can tell that he’s afraid of being completely underwater. I told him it was fun, but he didn’t believe me. “I just don’t want to, Celia,” he said to me.
ThenIhadanidea.Ifthere’sonethingthatVinniecan’tresist,it’smoney! When he wasn’t looking, I tossed a quarter into the pool, not farfromwherehewasfloating.“Hey,what’sdownthere?”Ishouted.“Itlooks like a coin.”
“Where?” Vinnie asked quickly. He spotted the coin on the bottom and made a fast dive for it.
When he came up waving the quarter, I had to laugh. “See?” I said, “you can swim underwater!”
