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CARRERA: INGENIERIA COMERCIAL
OCTAVO: SEMESTRE “ 4 ”
UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL DE GUAYAQUILFACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMINSTRATIVAS
EXPOSITOR LUIS ALBERTO PARRALES BAJAÑA
STAKE HOLDER
Stake=apuesta, y holder=poseedor
“Parte interesada” Quienes son afectados positiva o negativamente por
las actividades de una empresa determinada
ORIGEN• En 1963, Memorándum Interno • Instituto de Investigación de Stanford (SRI
International, Inc.) • Cuestionó la idea de que los accionistas eran los
únicos al que la administración tenia como grupo de interés.
• Entre los 70’s y 1980s académicos y profesionales desarrollaron teorías que explicaban problemas de gestión (niveles de incertidumbre).
R. Edward Freeman (Dec 1951) American philosopher and professor of business administration in Darden School of the University of Virginia. Also taught at the University of Minnesota and the Wharton School. Freeman is particularly known for his work on stakeholder theory (1984) and on several business works. He has co-edited recent editions of such standard business textbooks as “The Portable MBA and the Blackwell's Handbook of Strategic Management”
Master in Business Administration
Served as the editor for the Ruffin Series in Business Ethics from Oxford University Press. His latest book, “Managing for Stakeholders” with Jeffrey Harrison and Andrew C. Wicks, published by Yale University Press on Oct 17, 2007.Freeman provided the chapters on stakeholder theory and stakeholder management for the “world's first Dictionary of CSR", of the Institute for Corporate Culture Affairs“ A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility"
Honoris causa , Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales (ICADE)
asuntos
(Freeman y estudiosos 80’s y 90’s) dieron forma a tres problemas interrelacionados relativos a los negocios: Comprender cómo se crea y transa el valor Hacer una conexión entre ética y capitalismo Ayudar a los administradores para enfrentar problemas de
gestión.• (Freeman, 1984). Es tarea del ejecutivo dar forma a las
relaciones para crear el mayor valor posible para los stakeholders
• (Freeman, Harrison, y Wicks, 2008). Los ejecutivos deben buscar la manera de compensar a todos, si es necesario
• (Harrison, Bosse, y Phillips, 2010). El ejecutivo debe repensar en los problemas para enfrentar las necesidades de los interesados, en caso de conflictos de intereses
"Shareholders”.- Accionistas como grupo de interés, en el
sentido de "ser dueño de acciones de la bolsa de valores".
Stakeholder (corporate).- A person, group, organization, member or system who affects or can be affected by an organization's actions
Project stakeholder.- A person, group or organization with an interest in a given project
Stakeholder theory.- A theory that identifies and models groups which are stakeholders of a corporation or in a project
F
Stakeholder Analysis.- The process of identifying those affected by a project or event. Recognize and acknowledge stakeholder's needs, concerns, wants, authority, common relationships, interfaces and align this information within the Stakeholder Matrix.
Stakeholder (Law).- A third party who temporarily holds money or property while its owner is still being determined
Stakeholder Management.- Supports an organization's strategic objectives by interpreting and influencing both the external and internal environments and by creating positive relationships with stakeholders through the appropriate management of their expectations and agreed objectives.
DIVISIÓN BÁSICA
Stakeholder matrix .- Positioning stakeholders according to the level of influence (interest), power (impact) or enhancement that they may provide to the business or its projects
C A
D B
STAKEHOLDER MATRIX
INTEREST OR INFLUENCE
P OWER
OR
IMPACT
L/L
L/H H/H
L/H
Stakeholder Engagement.- Different to Stakeholder Management in that the engagement does not seek to develop the project/business requirements, solutions, problems creation, or establishing roles and responsibilities. It is primarily focused at getting to know and understand each other (Co. & Stakeholders), at the Executive level. Engagement is the opportunity to discuss and agree expectations of communication and, primarily, agree a set of Values and Principles by and for all stakeholders and the organization
Stakeholder Agreements.- Is a collection of agreed decisions between stakeholders. This may be the lexicon of an organization: a project, an initiative, objectives, the model of the organization, etc. These should be signed by key stakeholder representatives
Pirámide de los grupos de interés
La empresa y los grupos de interés
RESUMEN• Manejo eficaz de las relaciones con los
stakeholders ayuda a las empresas a sobrevivir y avanzar.
• Actuar con moral porque tiene valores humanos, opciones y beneficios potenciales.
• Equipa mejor a los profesionales para crear valor.• Aplica a todas las disciplinas posibles, leyes, ética,
atención a la salud, administración pública, administración privada, política medioambiental, áreas, departamentos, entre muchos otros.
Box A.- To have a high degree of interest on the project, who are also of high importance for its success. This implies that the implementing organization will need to construct good working relationships with these stakeholders, to ensure an effective coalition of support for the project. Examples might be the senior officials and politicians or trade-unions.
Box B.- These are of high importance to the success of the project, but with low influence. This implies that they will require special initiatives if their interests are to be protected. An example may be traditionally marginalized groups (e.g. Indigenous people, youth, seniors), who might be beneficiaries of a new service, but who have little ‘voice’ in its development.
Box C.- These are with high interest, who can therefore affect the project outcomes, but whose it is not necessarily importance are aligned with the overall goals of the project (financial administrators, who can exercise considerable discretion over funding disbursements). This conclusion implies that this may be a source of significant risk, and they will need careful monitoring and management.
Box D.- With low interest or low importance to the project objectives, may require limited monitoring or evaluation, but are of low priority.
Estudiosos y profesionales experimentaron con conceptos y modelos
Facilitan comprensión de complejidad de desafíos de negocios de hoy en día
Para comprender problemas de negocios Freeman y otros estudiosos (1980s y 1990s) dieron forma a tres problemas interrelacionados relativos a los negocios: Problema de comprender cómo se crea y transa el
valor Problema de conectar ética y capitalismo Problema de ayudar a los administradores para
enfrentar problemas de gestión.
Abarca un conjunto de disciplinas tales como: Ética de negocio Estrategia corporativa Finanzas Contabilidad Gestión Marketing
Explicación de Stake Holder• Clientes, proveedores, empleados, entidades
financieras , accionistas, tenedores de bonos, bancos, comunidades, gestores, entre otros ( medio empresarial) interactúan para crear y comercializar valores en forma conjunta.
• Entender un negocio es saber cómo estas relaciones funcionan y cambian con el tiempo.
STAKE HOLDER
Inicios del capitalismo empresa creada solo con fines productivos el objetivo era obtener el máximo beneficio Mejora social no eran considerados, El único interés era el de los accionistas. Aun hay empresas que no pretenden beneficiar a la
sociedad Perderían la confianza de sus inversores y los
potenciales inversores quedarían apartadas del mercado y no sobrevivirían.
Empresas antiguas
STAKE HOLDER
En países avanzados han habido enormes cambiosNo se puede ceñir únicamente a criterios
económicosAparecen criterios sociales y medioambientalesHan dejado de marcar exclusividad en las normas del
mercado compartiendo con los stakeholders, que buscan
también beneficios propios
Cambios producidos
ENFOQUE DESCRIPTIVO
