Staircase and Railing

8/10/2019 Staircase and Railing

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Staircase

Introduction

Staircases provide means of movement from one floor to another in a

structure. Staircases consist of a number of steps with landings at suitable

intervals to provide comfort and safety for the users.

Stairs respond directly to a practical requirement, but they can also offerthe interior designer an opportunity to a three-dimensional set piece that

encapsulates and embellishes the aesthetic intention of the areas that the

staircase connects.

When stairs are located within the volume of a multi-level interior space,

the importance of their being visually integrated is self-evident. However, when

stairs provide the primary link between levels but are contained within a

separate stairwellas is normally the case when they act as fire-escape routes

it is still important that they sustain aesthetic coherence.

Stairs that only act as escape routes may be treated in a more utilitarian

fashion. While stringent rules, set out in building regulations, provide clear

information about the dimension and construction criteria required, a designer

will find scope for ambitious interpretation. Those who use any stair necessarily

interact with it, physically and visually.


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Types of staircase

There are a number of standard configuration for stair plans. The decision

about which one to be use is likely to be based on findings about the impact of

their plan on layouts and how each affects circulation between, and around,

linked levels.

It is always essential to test the layout of stairs on section, since a

minimum headroom 2000mm is vital. While the height of individual steps

varies, 12 or 13 risers will usually ensure sufficient clearance.

Straight-flightthis is a single flight of stairs between two floors. There are

legal restriction on the number of steps that may be included in one flight.

When the legally permitted number needs to be exceeded, a flat landing may be

insertedthis can be added at any position, not necessarily after the permitted

maximum.

A straight flight running parallel to the longer dimension of a narrow plan

will eat less into the room than a dog-leg or spiral, but if connecting more than

two levels will require circulation zone for those walking directly to the next

flight.


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Dog-leg this configuration double back on itself at an intermediate landing,

often providing support for the top and bottom of the flight that serve it. It need

not necessarily be at the midpoint of a stair. It is perhaps the most efficient

option where more than two floors are connected, as the circulation space for

users bypassing is thus minimized.


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Angled flights of stairs frequently alter direction through 90 degrees but may be

turned through any angle, in response to site conditions or design choices, as

long as landings have a minimum width equal to that of the stair.

Spiralthis has a circular plan with fan-shaped steps that are either supported on

a central column or a cantilevered from the wall so the stairwell has an open

central void. A quarter of the plan area is devoted to a landing, but since this

still allows space for 13 risers, acceptable headroom is easily achieved.

.


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Case study of stai rcase in a bungalow project

Floor plan of staircase


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Based on the drawing provided the type of staircase is used for the

bungalow house project is Dog-Leg. Since that the bungalow project is having

ground floor, first floor and second floor. It is very compatible and more

efficient to use this type of staircase.

Section drawing of staircase


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Section drawing is necessary to view the internal features. Sectional

views are useful because it minimizing the number of projected views. This

views provides us the clear and unambiguous representation of the internal

features. Section drawing provide information about the thickness, materialsand finishers.

Timber stairs

The traditional stair is a pre fabricated wooden structure, made in a

workshop and brought to site at an appropriate time in the contract. If it is

installed at an early point, it will be important that it is protected as delicate

edges, particularly nosings, are easily damaged by heavy use.


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The View of Staircase

Detail Drawing of Staircase

The use of detail drawing is to reproduce the drawing in a larger scale to

provide more information on the material used and the size of the material. In

this drawing the scale used to produce the drawing is 1:10. The above detail

drawing also gives info about the finishers of the stairs and the material used for

handrail. The drawing have the method used to fix the staircase tread.

Handrails


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Handrails are required on at least one side of all stairs with four (4) or

more risers. It must be mounted between 34 and 38 inches above the nosing of

the stair treads. Handrails must extend from a point directly above the bottom

riser to a point directly above the top riser. It also must be continuous for the

entire length of a flight of stairs. The ends of handrails must be returned to thewall or terminate in a newel post.

Balcony Railing (Guards)

Plan

Front view and Side view

Isometric view of the balcony handrail


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Guards are required for any porch, balcony, deck, or other raised floor

surface that is located more than 30 inches above the floor or grade below.

Guards at these locations must be not less than 42 inches in height. Guards are

required on the open side(s) of stairs with a total rise of more than 30 inches

above the floor or grade below. Guards on stairs must be not less than 34 inches

high measured from the nosing of the treads.

References

https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10

&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffil

e%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-

15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5

BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ss

EwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rja
https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CEIQFjAJ&url=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.utas.edu.au%2Futas%2Ffile%2F9ccc2509-48f9-468d-870a-15436cba025d%2F1%2FChapter%25208%2520Stairs.pdf&ei=neJhVLhqzNq5BLLwgagG&usg=AFQjCNH1AoLZWuBFG6yzs615WnhgtUy8OQ&sig2=7ssEwEIv-RJeWNqARdy_TQ&cad=rja

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Staircase and Railing